New Jersey Future Van Abs 2014 Pinelands Growth Area Water

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New Jersey Future Van Abs 2014 Pinelands Growth Area Water Effects of Land Development on Water Resources of the Pinelands Region Prepared for New Jersey Future by Daniel J. Van Abs, PhD, PP/AICP Principal Investigator Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Department of Human Ecology 55 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 e: [email protected] p: (848) 932-9432 June 2014 Cover photo credit: Van Abs Effects of Land Development on Water Resources of the Pinelands Region Daniel J. Van Abs, Oliver Stringham, Yuling Gao and Tim Evans June 2014 Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... vii Overview of Target Area Results.............................................................................................................xiii Evesham/Medford Target Area ..........................................................................................................xiii Hammonton Target Area .................................................................................................................... xiv Little Egg Harbor/Tuckerton Target Area ............................................................................................ xiv Changes in Subwatershed Integrity ........................................................................................................ xv Water Quality .......................................................................................................................................... xvi Water Availability ................................................................................................................................... xvii Water Utilities ....................................................................................................................................... xviii Development Potential and Impacts ....................................................................................................... xx Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. xxi Considerations for State Agency Action ............................................................................................. xxi County and Municipal Actions ........................................................................................................... xxv Issues for Further Evaluation ............................................................................................................. xxv Chapter 1: Overview of Target Areas ............................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 History and Pinelands Management Areas ............................................................................................... 1 Municipal Land Development Status ........................................................................................................ 3 Target Area Subwatersheds ...................................................................................................................... 4 Population and Employment Status and Trends ...................................................................................... 5 Municipal Development Potential ............................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 2: Watershed Characterization and Integrity................................................................................ 11 Evesham/Medford Target Area .............................................................................................................. 12 Land use/land cover and trends ......................................................................................................... 12 Impervious surfaces ............................................................................................................................ 16 Riparian areas and trends ................................................................................................................... 18 Flood prone areas and trends ............................................................................................................. 21 Forest areas and trends ...................................................................................................................... 23 Wetland areas and trends ................................................................................................................... 25 Ground water recharge ....................................................................................................................... 27 Protected areas ................................................................................................................................... 29 Summary for Target Area .................................................................................................................... 30 Hammonton Target Area ........................................................................................................................ 31 Land use/land cover and trends ......................................................................................................... 31 i Effects of Land Development on Water Resources of the Pinelands Region Impervious surfaces ............................................................................................................................ 34 Riparian areas and trends ................................................................................................................... 37 Flood prone areas and trends ............................................................................................................. 39 Forest areas and trends ...................................................................................................................... 39 Wetland areas and trends ................................................................................................................... 41 Ground water recharge ....................................................................................................................... 41 Protected areas ................................................................................................................................... 43 Summary for Target Area .................................................................................................................... 45 Tuckerton/Little Egg Harbor Township Target Area ............................................................................... 46 Land use/land cover and trends ......................................................................................................... 46 Impervious surfaces ............................................................................................................................ 49 Riparian areas and trends ................................................................................................................... 51 Flood prone areas and trends ............................................................................................................. 53 Forest areas and trends ...................................................................................................................... 55 Wetland areas and trends ................................................................................................................... 57 Ground water recharge ....................................................................................................................... 57 Protected areas ................................................................................................................................... 60 Summary for Target Area .................................................................................................................... 61 McDonalds Branch Comparison Area ..................................................................................................... 62 Overview and Summary .......................................................................................................................... 63 Chapter 3: Water Quality ............................................................................................................................ 65 Surface Water Quality Standards ............................................................................................................ 65 Surface Water Quality – Chemical and Physical ..................................................................................... 70 Surface Water Quality – Biological ......................................................................................................... 72 SWQS Violations...................................................................................................................................... 74 Ground Water Quality Standards ........................................................................................................... 78 Ground Water Quality............................................................................................................................
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