Geohazard Symposium: Background and the next steps
Hiroshi KITAZATO Member of SCJ by special appointment of IUGS, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan IUGS EC (Treasurer) and ISC GeoUnions, SC on DRR Frequently occurred disastrous natural hazards
Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunamis, Dec., 2004 Great East Japan Earthquakes and Tsunamis, March 11, 2011 Volcanic Erup on at Mt. Kiso-Ontake, September 27, 2014
（Kyodo News） http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/03/massive_earthquake_hits_japan.html
Massive Earthquakes in Nepal, April-May 2015 Storm Sarge by Typhoon Bopha in Mindanao, Dec., 23, 2012 Heavy rains and debris flow, August 30, 2014
(Kyodo News) Pht012-jlp13742674 2 15 peoples dead, 170 children are missing on May 24, 2021 !
© BBC World News Cu er and others, 2015 Nature Climate change > geophysical disasters Disaster risks increase since 1980th Science Council of Japan has been co-operated with global DRR activities
1990~1999: UN Interna onal Decade for Natural Disaster Reduc on 1994 May: 1st World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduc on (Yokohama) à Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Ac on for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster Preven on, Preparedness and Mi ga on and its Plan of Ac on 2004 Dec.: Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunamis 2005 Jan.: 2nd World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduc on (Kobe) à Hyogo Framework for Ac on 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of Na ons and Communi es to Disasters 2011 Mar.: Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunamis 2012 Dec.: Mindanao Typhoon No. 24, storm sarges 2015 Mar.: 3rd World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduc on (Sendai) à Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduc on 2015-2030 : 2015 April-May: Massive Earthquakes in Nepal / Cyclone Pam on the Pacific Island of Vanuatu 2021 Mar.: Interna onal Science Council GeoUnions establish Standing Commi ee on Disaster Risk Reduc on Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 # Expected Outcome and goals Outcomes: The substan al reduc on of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communi es and countries. Goals: Prevent new and reduce exis ng disaster risk through the implementa on of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educa onal, environmental, technological, poli cal and ins tu onal measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.
# Priori es for Ac on Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk. (Researches, Data, Standardiza on (GIS, methodology), visualiza on, knowledge transfer) Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk. (networking and prepare pla orms for mul ple stakeholders, ) Priority 3 : Inves ng in disaster risk reduc on for resilience (Inves ments in DRR both from public and private levels). Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effec ve response and to “Build Back Be er” in recovery, rehabilita on and reconstruc on. ( Come back to the previous life levels, and further to the be er levels of Disaster risk literacies for all) Standardiza ons for global use INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2020/03
numerical numerical numerical numerical
Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age
GSSP GSSP
age (Ma) GSSP Erathem / Era System / Period GSSP EonothemErathem / Eon System / Era / Period EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) Eonothem / Eon GSSA age (Ma) present ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0 U/L Meghalayan 0.0042 Holocene M Northgrippian 0.0082 Tithonian Ediacaran L/E Greenlandian 0.0117 152.1 ±0.9 ~ 635 U/L Upper Famennian Neo- Cryogenian 0.129 Upper Kimmeridgian ~ 720 M Chibanian 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic 0.774 372.2 ±1.6 Pleistocene Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian L/E 1.80 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian 1000 Callovian 166.1 ±1.2 Quaternary Gelasian 2.58 Bathonian 382.7 ±1.6 Stenian Piacenzian Middle Bajocian 168.3 ±1.3 Givetian 1200 Pliocene 3.600 170.3 ±1.4 387.7 ±0.8 Meso- Zanclean Aalenian Middle proterozoic Ectasian 5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400 Messinian Jurassic Toarcian 393.3 ±1.2 Calymmian
7.246 Devonian Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 Emsian 1600 11.63 Pliensbachian Statherian Lower 407.6 ±2.6 Serravallian 13.82 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 1800 Miocene Pragian 410.8 ±2.8 Langhian Sinemurian Proterozoic Neogene 15.97 Orosirian 199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo- Burdigalian Hettangian proterozoic 2050 20.44 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 Rhyacian Rhaetian Pridoli Aquitanian 423.0 ±2.3 2300 23.03 ~ 208.5 Ludfordian Chattian 425.6 ±0.9 Siderian
Mesozoic Ludlow Cenozoic 27.82 Gorstian 427.4 ±0.5 Oligocene Upper Norian Precambrian 2500 Rupelian Wenlock Homerian 430.5 ±0.7 Neo- 33.9 ~ 227 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 archean 2800 Priabonian Carnian Silurian Telychian 37.71 riassic ~ 237 Llandovery 438.5 ±1.1 Meso-
Bartonian T 41.2 Ladinian Aeronian 440.8 ±1.2 archean Eocene Middle ~ 242 Rhuddanian Lutetian Anisian 443.8 ±1.5 3200 47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo-
Olenekian 251.2 Archean Ypresian Lower Katian archean Paleogene Induan 251.902 ±0.024 Upper 56.0 3600 Changhsingian 254.14 ±0.07 453.0 ±0.7 Thanetian 59.2 Lopingian Sandbian Eo-
Wuchiapingian Paleozoic Paleocene Selandian 259.1 ±0.5 458.4 ±0.9 archean Phanerozoic 61.6 Phanerozoic Phanerozoic Capitanian Darriwilian 4000 Danian 265.1 ±0.4 Middle 66.0 467.3 ±1.1 Guadalupian Wordian Dapingian Hadean Maastrichtian 268.8 ±0.5 470.0 ±1.4
Roadian Ordovician ~ 4600 72.1 ±0.2 272.95 ±0.11 Floian Campanian Lower 477.7 ±1.4 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary Kungurian Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries, including 283.5 ±0.6 83.6 ±0.2 Permian Tremadocian those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global Standard 485.4 ±1.9 Upper Santonian 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Italic fonts indicate informal units and Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.26 Stage 10 placeholders for unnamed units. Versioned charts and detailed information Coniacian ~ 489.5 89.8 ±0.3 Sakmarian on ratified GSSPs are available at the website http://www.stratigraphy.org. 293.52 ±0.17 Furongian Jiangshanian The URL to this chart is found below. Turonian ~ 494 93.9 Asselian 298.9 ±0.15 Paibian Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the ~ 497 Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in the Cenomanian Gzhelian Guzhangian Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical 100.5 Upper 303.7 ±0.1 ~ 500.5 Kasimovian 307.0 ±0.1 ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. Paleozoic Miaolingian Drumian aceous t Albian Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 Ratified Subseries/Subepochs are abbreviated as U/L (Upper/Late), M ~ 113.0 315.2 ±0.2 Wuliuan (Middle) and L/E (Lower/Early). Numerical ages for all systems except Mesozoic Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and
Cre ~ 509 Aptian Lower Bashkirian Stage 4 Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Gradstein Pennsylvanian 323.2 ±0.4 et al. (2012), those for the Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, ~ 125.0 Series 2 ~ 514 Upper Serpukhovian Cambrian Stage 3 Triassic, Permian and Precambrian were provided by the relevant ICS Barremian 330.9 ±0.2 subcommissions. Lower ~ 129.4 ~ 521 Hauterivian ~ 132.6 Middle Visean Stage 2 Colouring follows the Commission for the
Carboniferous Geological Map of the World (www.ccgm.org) Valanginian 346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian ~ 529 ~ 139.8 Fortunian Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, D.A.T. Harper, P.L. Gibbard, J.-X. Fan Mississippian Lower Tournaisian Berriasian (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, March 2020 ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0 To cite: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.
URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-03.pdf Geological Map of the World
© CGMW/IUGS/UNESCO 地質図：ある地域内における地層や岩石の分布、地 質構造や地質状態を示した地図 （広辞苑６版） CGMW: 世界地質図委員会（1881〜 Networking for data integrations and Making platforms for multiple stakeholders (Science, Technology, Politics and Society) Networks should strengthen disaster risk resiliences among Asian countries, and also among countries in global scales
Country A
Country G Country B
Network
Country E Country C
Country D
Each country has own characters, geography, size, and different professions. The pros of establishing research networks is that it can cover weak points of other countries. Connec ons between governments, research ins tu ons, universi es, various stakeholders, and even ci zens can bring new advantageous characters and complement its func on, such as regional scale collec ons and informa on, mul ple field dynamics, etc. I hope that this symposium crops a lot of fruits for the progress of disaster risk reduction research !
Thank you for kind a en on