DOCSLIB.ORG

Diaspora Missiology: the Emerging Apostolic Role of Chinese Migrants in Africa and Middle East Colligate with Trinitarian Missio Dei

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diaspora Missiology: the Emerging Apostolic Role of Chinese Migrants in Africa and Middle East Colligate with Trinitarian Missio Dei DIASPORA MISSIOLOGY: THE EMERGING APOSTOLIC ROLE OF CHINESE MIGRANTS IN AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST COLLIGATE WITH TRINITARIAN MISSIO DEI J.R. GORDY 24895520 Thesis submitted for the degree Doctor Philosophiae in Missiology at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University (Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa) Promoter: Prof. Dr. M. Pohlmann (BTC) Co-Promoter: Prof. Dr. J. Kommers (NWU) August 2014 Table of Contents Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………vi Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………..vii Preface ……………………………………………………………………………………viii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………........xi Opsomming……………………………………………………………………………….xii 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Background and Rationale……………………………………………………..1 1.2 Research Problem and Objectives…………………………………………….2 1.3 The Research Problem/Question……………………………………………....2 1.4 The Research Design…………………………………………………………….2 1.5 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………..3 1.6 Missio Dei........................................................................................................3 1.7 Global South: God’s ‘Anchor Leg’ in Missio Dei?.........................................7 1.8 An Emerging Apostolic Role for Mainland Chinese in Missio Dei.............11 2 SECTION ONE: THE BIBLICAL-THEOLOGICAL MANDATE…………….....14 2.1 Chapter One: The Abrahamic ‘Great Commission’ Mandate……………..14 2.1.1 Universality of the Abrahamic Mandate in the Pentateuch………………..20 2.1.2 Universality of the Abrahamic Mandate in the Historic Books………........25 2.1.3 Universality of the Abrahamic Mandate in the Psalms……………………..27 2.1.4 Universality of the Abrahamic Mandate in Second Isaiah 40-55………......30 2.2 Chapter Two: The Messianic Fulfillment of the Abrahamic Mandate……..37 2.2.1 The Messianic Fulfillment of the Abrahamic Mandate in Luke-Acts………38 ii 2.2.2 The Messianic Fulfillment of the Abrahamic Mandate in Galatians 3…….46 2.2.3 The Messianic Fulfillment of the Abrahamic Mandate in Romans 4….......49 2.3 Chapter Three: Christ’s Commissions to Complete the Mandate…….......53 2.3.1 Making Disciples of panta ta ethne – Matthew 28:16-20……………………54 2.3.2 Proclaiming the Good News to the Whole World – Mark 16:15-16….........58 2.3.3 Jesus is the Savior of all Nations – Luke 24:45-49…………………….........59 2.3.4 Jesus, the Sent One, Sends His Followers – John 20:21-22………………61 2.3.5 Witnesses to the Ends of the Earth – Acts 1:8…………………………........64 3 SECTION TWO: A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF GLOBAL NORTH AND GLOBAL SOUTH MISSION DATA………………….................70 3.1 Chapter Four: Declining Northward – Rising Southward……………........71 3.1.1 Secularization of Europe………………………………………………………..78 3.1.2 Islam in Europe……………………………………………………………………81 3.1.3 Europe’s Unconverted Christianity………………………………………........85 3.1.4 God’s Focus……………………………………………………………………….87 3.2 Chapter Five: Rise of the Global South…………………………………........94 3.2.1 Renewalist Christian Movements in Latin America………………………...96 3.2.2 African Indigenous Churches in Sub-Saharan Africa (AIC)………………106 3.2.3 Unregistered House Churches of China/‘Back to Jerusalem’ Movement………………………………………………………………………….116 3.3 Chapter Six: The Unfinished Task and Re-awakening……………………140 3.3.1 Portraits of Lostness…………………………………………………………….140 3.3.2 World Typology…………………………………………………………………..143 3.3.3 Prioritization Model………………………………………………………………146 3.3.4 Global Status of Evangelical Christianity Model…………………………..148 iii 3.3.5 Unfair Distribution of Christian Resources………………………………...152 4 SECTION THREE: AN EMERGING APOSTOLIC ROLE FOR MAINLAND CHINESE MIGRANTS IN MISSIO DEI…………………….........156 4.1 Chapter Seven: The Role of Migrants in Missio Dei from a Biblical Perspective…………………………………………………………………............156 4.1.1 The Role of Migration in Missio Dei from an Old Testament Perspective…………………………………………………………………............159 4.1.1.1 Israel’s Diaspora Experience in the Patriarchal Era……………………...161 4.1.1.2 Israel’s Diaspora Experience in Egypt………………………………………165 4.1.1.3 Israel’s Diaspora Experience in Babylonian and Persian Exile…………172 4.1.1.4 Four Classic Categories of Missiological Reflection Related to Migration……………………………………………………………………………174 4.1.2 Role of Migration in Missio Dei in the New Testament…………………….179 4.1.2.1 Role of Migration Associated with Persecution in Missio Dei……………179 4.1.2.2 Role of Non-Christian Deployment in Missio Dei……………………………183 4.2 Chapter Eight: The Role of Migrants in Missio Dei from a Historical Perspective…………………………………………………………………………..187 4.2.1 The ‘Great Migration’ and its Role in Missio Dei…………………………….189 4.2.2 The ‘Age of Migration’ and its Role in Missio Dei…………………………...192 4.2.3 Chinese Migration in Africa and Middle East and its Role in Missio Dei…………………………………………………………………………….196 4.3 Chapter Nine: Toward an Emerging Apostolic Role for Chinese Migrants………………………………………………………………………………205 4.3.1 The Prophet Jonah’s Call to Apostolic Mission and Chinese Migrants’ Emerging Apostolic Mission……………………………………………………...207 4.3.2 Nestorian ‘Merchant Missionaries’ – A Model for Wenzhou ‘Boss Churches’ In Apostolic Mission…………………………………………………213 iv 4.3.3 Practical, Strategic Components for the Way Forward for Chinese Migrants in Apostolic Mission………………………………………………….220 4.3.3.1 Mainland Chinese and Other Chinese……………………………………….221 4.3.3.2 ‘Ends of the Earth’ Visions…………………………………………………….223 4.3.3.3 Cross-cultural Training: English Version of Initial Cross-cultural Training Model Used by Colleagues in Mainland China – Suggested Topics………………………………………………………………..224 4.3.3.4 Western Mission Agencies…………………………………………………….227 4.3.3.5 Mobilizing Mainland Chinese – Merchant Missionaries………………….227 5. CONCLUSION……..…………………………………………………………………..230 REFERENCE LIST………………………………………………………………………233 v DEDICATION To my beautiful wife, Patricia Anne, in loving gratitude for her untiring assistance in helping this thesis become a reality - after all these years still my one and only vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS From the very outset of this thesis, we have felt the pleasure of God and have been constantly reminded of His Word, “Faithful is He that calleth you, who will also do it” ( I Th 5:24 KJV). To God be the glory! To Prof Dr. M. Pohlmann, who challenged and encouraged me over a cup of coffee at the Kara Glen ‘ Mugg and Bean’ to pursue this thesis, and who as Principal of the Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa and Professor at the North-West University in Potchefstroom, has been my promoter. Thank you Dr. Pohlmann, for helping me prepare for the next chapter in life’s journey. To Dr. Charles Lawless, Dean of Graduate Studies and Professor of Evangelism and Mission at the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, who taught me so much about teaching in such a short time, and who allowed me to stand with him in the class room for a semester. To Joseph Gordy, our last born, serving our Lord in South Asia, who is also working, simultaneously on his PhD in Missiology, and who has been an awesome sounding board of mission ideas for me. He is one of the most strategic mission thinkers that I know. What a joy extraordinaire to have walked through this PhD process together! vii PREFACE If we might add a personal word, as to why we feel the need to write this thesis. Our family was appointed by the International Mission Board in 1981, to serve as Church Planters in Ghana, West Africa. After eight years in Ghana, our mission work took us to South Africa in 1989, first in the homelands of Ciskei and Transkei as church planters, and then to Johannesburg, where we served as the administrator for our company’s Southern Africa work. In 1998, we were sent to Harare, Zimbabwe, where we were responsible for developing strategy for the International Mission Board for the Southern African Region of 17 countries, including the Indian Ocean Islands. In 2000, we were led in an entirely new direction to go to Mainland China, where we were on various platforms in three cities, working among the house churches until 2012, when we returned to Africa, to take up our current responsibility for our company, to oversee the Chinese Diaspora work in Africa, Middle East, and Europe. Arriving in Ghana, in 1981, was not an easy assignment for several reasons. First, Ghana had just experienced a military coup d’état six months earlier, which had kept us from leaving the United States, while waiting for the new government to be in place, before approving our visas and work permits. As we flew into the Accra International Airport, we saw several tanks parked along the runways, with one particular tank with its 50mm cannon aimed directly at our KLM plane’s disembarking passengers, including our family of five. The new military government was in power, but uncertainty and fear still filled the air. viii Second, and a bit less dramatic and unknown to us, we were arriving in a mission that was on the verge of having major issues with the national Baptist Convention that would soon lead to a complete break down between our two entities. The situation was complicated, with many ramifications/personalities on each side. But one underlying cause was a national Baptist body, in a post-colonial independent country, yearning to take control of its own destiny from a very reluctant group of American missionaries. Third, in looking back over a long mission career, which has spanned more than 30 years, we have had many failures and successes, language and cultural faux pas, and thousands of learning experiences, but only one major regret - that we did not do more to help prepare the Majority world
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar
    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine
    [Show full text]
  • Rise of the Veil: Islamic Modernity and the Hui Woman Zainab Khalid SIT Study Abroad
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2011 Rise of the Veil: Islamic Modernity and the Hui Woman Zainab Khalid SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Khalid, Zainab, "Rise of the Veil: Islamic Modernity and the Hui Woman" (2011). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1074. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1074 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rise of the Veil: Islamic Modernity and the Hui Woman Zainab Khalid SIT FALL 2011 5/1/2011 1 Introduction: Assimilation/Dissimilation The Hui are a familiar sight in most cities in China; famed for their qingzhen restaurants and their business acumen. Known usually as the “Chinese speaking Muslims,” they are separated from the nine other Muslim xiaoshu minzu by a reputation for assimilation and adaptability that is a matter of pride for Hui in urban areas. A conversation with Hui women at Nancheng Mosque in Kunming revealed that they believed Hui to be at an advantage compared to other xiaoshu minzu because of their abilities to adapt and assimilate, “we are intelligent; we know what to do in order to survive in any environment.” Yet, the Hui of Yunnan also have a history of dissimilation- the Panthay Rebellion of 1856 took the shape of a Sultanate in Dali as Hui forces led a province-wide revolt against the Qing Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Reviewed Title: Critical Han Studies: the History, Representation, and Identity of China's Majority Author: Mullaney, Thoma
    Peer Reviewed Title: Critical Han Studies: The History, Representation, and Identity of China's Majority Author: Mullaney, Thomas S. Leibold, James Gros, Stéphane Vanden Bussche, Eric Editor: Mullaney, Thomas S.; Leibold, James; Gros, Stéphane; Vanden Bussche, Eric Publication Date: 02-15-2012 Series: GAIA Books Permalink: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/07s1h1rf Keywords: Han, Critical race studies, Ethnicity, Identity Abstract: Addressing the problem of the ‘Han’ ethnos from a variety of relevant perspectives—historical, geographical, racial, political, literary, anthropological, and linguistic—Critical Han Studies offers a responsible, informative deconstruction of this monumental yet murky category. It is certain to have an enormous impact on the entire field of China studies.” Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania “This deeply historical, multidisciplinary volume consistently and fruitfully employs insights from critical race and whiteness studies in a new arena. In doing so it illuminates brightly how and when ideas about race and ethnicity change in the service of shifting configurations of power.” David Roediger, author of How Race Survived U.S. History “A great book. By examining the social construction of hierarchy in China,Critical Han Studiessheds light on broad issues of cultural dominance and in-group favoritism.” Richard Delgado, author of Critical Race Theory: An Introduction “A powerful, probing account of the idea of the ‘Han Chinese’—that deceptive category which, like ‘American,’ is so often presented as a natural default, even though it really is of recent vintage. A feast for both Sinologists and comparativists everywhere.” Magnus Fiskesjö, Cornell University eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Xiao Min Xiao Min Grew up in a Little Village in Henan
    Skip to content • Home • All Women • Bible Women • Early Church Women • Women of the Middle Ages • Different Movements • Missionary’s Wives • Missionary Women • Preacher’s Wives • Hymn Writers • Martyr’d Women • Mothers • Single Women • Today’s Women • Other Women Xiao Min Xiao Min grew up in a little village in Henan. Xiao Min said :”I was born into a family of farmers; my parents are simple farming folks. My mother never went to school and my Dad studied for only a year or two. He barely reads. They were very poor.While I was in Junior High, I suffered sinus infection. Every day, about noon, I felt dizzy and nauseous. I couldn’t finish the day. Soon, I just quit school all together. So often, during prayer time, quiet time or time of meditating on God’s Word, the Holy Spirit would come and bring me a verse or two. Usually within five or ten minutes, I’ll be singing the hymn with melody and lyrics.” Later, Xiao Min was given a little recorder. She records what comes into her mind, whether it‘s day or night. Later, she writes down the words, and someone else writes down the scores. During walks in the field or during prayer meetings, Xiao Min finds inspiration from the world around her. Her heart is always open to be touched by the Lord. The Canaan Hymns came down to this golden land from the deep blue sky. They are an eternal gift from the timeless beauty of the heavens, a gift of love to those who inhabit our precious earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding China's Discourse on South-South Cooperation and China
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses October 2019 UNDERSTANDING CHINA’S DISCOURSE ON SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION AND CHINA-AFRICA HIGHER EDUCATION EXCHANGE: A FIELD RESEARCH STUDY AT ZHEJIANG NORMAL UNIVERSITY’S CHINA-AFRICA INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL Yi Sun University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the African Studies Commons, Asian Studies Commons, Development Studies Commons, Economic Theory Commons, Educational Sociology Commons, Education Policy Commons, Higher Education Commons, International and Comparative Education Commons, International Relations Commons, Macroeconomics Commons, Political Economy Commons, and the Sociology of Culture Commons Recommended Citation Sun, Yi, "UNDERSTANDING CHINA’S DISCOURSE ON SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION AND CHINA-AFRICA HIGHER EDUCATION EXCHANGE: A FIELD RESEARCH STUDY AT ZHEJIANG NORMAL UNIVERSITY’S CHINA-AFRICA INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 1768. https://doi.org/10.7275/15171913 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1768 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNDERSTANDING CHINA’S DISCOURSE ON SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION
    [Show full text]
  • Forming Christians Through Musicking in China
    religions Article Forming Christians through Musicking in China Swee Hong Lim Emmanuel College, University of Toronto, 75 Queen’s Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 1K7, Canada; [email protected] Academic Editor: Mark G. Toulouse Received: 4 January 2017; Accepted: 21 March 2017; Published: 31 March 2017 Abstract: In recent years, authorities in mainland China have renewed their call for the sinicization of Christianity through theological discourse. Given that Christianity is largely expressed in visible, worship-based ways, such as music (songs), rhetoric (sermons), rituals (sacraments), symbols (crosses, garments, banners, etc.), posture and gesture (genuflecting, lifting hands, etc.), one wonders at the implication of this development. Might there be an alternative approach to sinicization? This essay seeks to investigate the feasibility of sinicized Christianity from the ontology of musicking as purveyed through the practice of congregational song. Keywords: China; Asian; theology; worship; musicking; ideoscape; mediascape; congregational song; sinicization; contextualization Christianity now makes up the largest single civil society grouping in China. The party sees that. Terence Halliday Co-director, Center for Law and Globalization at the American Bar Foundation [1] Since the mid-20th century, Christianity in China has strived to be self-sustaining. Like other Asian Christianities, this shift is visible in its governance, financing, and ministry. For the Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Church in China (TSPM), the government-sanctioned national church in the land, this aspiration is enshrined in its three-fold principle of self-government, self-support, and self-propagation. In recent years, mainland Chinese authorities have renewed the call for the sinicization of Christianity with greater urgency.
    [Show full text]
  • From Kunming to Mandalay: the New “Burma Road”
    AsieAsie VVisionsisions 2525 From Kunming to Mandalay: The New “Burma Road” Developments along the Sino-Myanmar border since 1988 Hélène Le Bail Abel Tournier March 2010 Centre Asie Ifri The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the authors alone. ISBN : 978-2-86592-675-6 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2010 IFRI IFRI-BRUXELLES 27 RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THÉRÈSE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 - FRANCE 1000 - BRUXELLES, BELGIQUE PH. : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 PH. : +32 (2) 238 51 10 FAX: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 FAX: +32 (2) 238 51 15 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] WEBSITE: Ifri.org China Program, Centre Asie/Ifri The Ifri China Program’s objectives are: . To organize regular exchanges with Chinese elites and enhance mutual trust through the organization of 4 annual seminars in Paris or Brussels around Chinese participants.
    [Show full text]
  • China Study Journal
    CHINH STUDY JOURNHL • CHINA STUDY JOURNAL CHINA DESK Churches Together in Britain and Ireland China Study Journal Autumn/Winter 2011 Editorial Address: China Desk, Churches Together in Britain and Ireland, 39 Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1BX Email: [email protected] ISSN 0956-4314 Cover: Niai Smith Design, from: Shen Zhou (1427-1509), Poet on a Mountain Top, Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Album leaf mounted as a hand scroll, ink and water colour on paper, silk mount, image 15 !4 x 23 3A inches (38.74 x 60.33cm). © The Nelson-Arkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Purchase: Nelson Trust, 46-51/2. Photograph by Robert Newcombe. Layout by Raspberry Creative Type - www.raspberrycreativetype.com Managing Editor: Lawrence Braschi Translator: Lawrence Braschi Contents Section I Articles 5 Zhuo Xinping, Understanding Religion Tang Xiaofeng, Viewing the Church in China today through 15 the Characteristics of Three Groups of Christians Li Baole On the Necessity, Rationality and Significance 39 of the Chinese Christian Three Self Patriotic Movement Gu Yuese Three Self and House Churches in my Hometown 49 Section II Documentation 57 Abbreviations ANS : Amity News Service (HK) CASS : Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Beijing) CCBC : Chinese Catholic Bishops' Conference CCC : China Christian Council CCPA : Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association CM : China Muslim (Journal) CPPCC : Chinese People's Consultative Conference FY : Fa Yin (Journal of the Chinese Buddhist Assoc.) SCMP : South China Morning Post(HK) SE : Sunday Examiner (HK) TF : Tian Feng (Journal of the China Christian Council) TSPM : Three-Self Patriotic Movement UCAN : Union of Catholic Asian News ZENIT : Catholic News Agency ZGDJ : China Taoism (Journal) ZGTZJ : Catholic Church in China (Journal of Chinese Catholic Church) Note: the term lianghui is used in this journal to refer to the joint committees and CCC.
    [Show full text]
  • Opium Production and Consumption in China 643
    Opium Production and Consumption in China 643 CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO OPIUM PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN CHINA The imported opium led to a whole gamut of reactions in the Chinese societies: war, criminality, addiction, large profits to new experiments in law and healing practices. First, this word ‘societies’ is written on purpose in the plural, because in an immense country like China with its large ethnic, cultural, and political diversity, a fully unknown product like opi- um must have had very different effects. Hosie already reports that ‘Mahommedans, Thibetans and Mongols are not addicted to the habit, and not more than 1 per cent of the former are thought to be opium smok- ers’.1 They are also inhabitants of China and, therefore, Chinese. Aren’t they? The anthropology of the Chinese opium consumer would be a very interesting chapter in our history, but apart from the few data below, there is nearly nothing known at the moment about this subject. Some compensation for this is given in the first two sections below, before the real production and consumption data are analyzed. In previ- ous parts the health and medical aspects of opium use have been dis- cussed. Some brief remarks about the traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in China are made for reasons of comparison to stimu- late more relevant research: Chinese medicine has become world famous through the acupuncture hype and the herbal basis of its prescriptions. But around 1900, what was its relation to Western thinking about health and its practice? More specifically: was there some relation with opium, let alone heroin and other chemical derivatives from Papaver somni- ferum? A very different aspect of the Chinese reactions to the foreign imported opium is the moral-legal one.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining Our Christian Heritage 2
    _____________________________________________________________________________________ Faculty Guide Examining Our Christian Heritage 2 Clergy Development Church of the Nazarene Kansas City, Missouri 816-333-7000 ext. 2468; 800-306-7651 (USA) 2004 _____________________________________________________________________________________ Examining Our Christian Heritage 2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright ©2004 Nazarene Publishing House, Kansas City, MO USA. Created by Church of the Nazarene Clergy Development, Kansas City, MO USA. All rights reserved. All scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version (NIV). Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. NASB: From the American Standard Bible (NASB), copyright the Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 973, 1977, 1995. Used by permission. NRSV: From the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of the Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Notice to educational providers: This is a contract. By using these materials you accept all the terms and conditions of this Agreement. This Agreement covers all Faculty Guides, Student Guides, and instructional resources included in this Module. Upon your acceptance of this Agreement, Clergy Development grants to you a nonexclusive license to use these curricular materials provided that you agree to the following: 1. Use of the Modules. • You may distribute this Module in electronic form to students or other educational providers. • You may make and distribute electronic or paper copies to students for the purpose of instruction, as long as each copy contains this Agreement and the same copyright and other proprietary notices pertaining to the Module.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Ethnic Groups in China Stevan Harrell, Editor
    Studies on Ethnic Groups in China Stevan Harrell, Editor Studies on Ethnic Groups in China Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers Edited by Stevan Harrell Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad Edited by Nicole Constable Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China Jonathan N. Lipman Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China Mette Halskov Hansen Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 Edward J. M. Rhoads Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China Stevan Harrell Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers Edited by Morris Rossabi On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen The Art of Ethnography: A Chinese “Miao Album” Translation by David M. Deal and Laura Hostetler Doing Business in Rural China: Liangshan’s New Ethnic Entrepreneurs Thomas Heberer Communist Multiculturalism: Ethnic Revival in Southwest China Susan K. McCarthy COmmUNIst MUltICUltURALIsm Ethnic Revival in Southwest China SUSAN K. McCArthY university of washington press • Seattle and London This publication is supported in part by the Donald R. Ellegood International Publications Endowment. © 2009 by the University of Washington Press Printed in the United States of America Design by Pamela Canell 14 12 11 10 09 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/375 6 June 2018 (18-3455) Page
    RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/375 6 June 2018 (18-3455) Page: 1/193 Trade Policy Review Body TRADE POLICY REVIEW REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT CHINA This report, prepared for the seventh Trade Policy Review of China, has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility. The Secretariat has, as required by the Agreement establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), sought clarification from China on its trade policies and practices. Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Masahiro Hayafuji (tel: 022 739 5873); Pierre Latrille (tel: 022 739 5266); Arne Klau (tel: 022 739 5706); and Usman Ali Khilji (tel: 022 739 6936). Document WT/TPR/G/375 contains the policy statement submitted by China. Note: This report is subject to restricted circulation and press embargo until the end of the first session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on China. This report was drafted in English. WT/TPR/S/375 • China - 2 - CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 9 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 15 1.1 Main Features of the Economy .....................................................................................15 1.2 Recent Economic Developments ...................................................................................15 1.2.1 Monetary and exchange policy
    [Show full text]