~ ~ ....____, INTRODUCTORY TEXT IN POLITICAL SCIENCE Copyright © 2012 Rotimi Ajayi Ph.D & Yinka Fashagba Ph.D De ISBN: 978 - 978 - 057 - 330 - 5 Ak Ab Published in Nigeria by: Int Department Of Political Science & International Relations, Ct Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State Nigeria Th All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any Cf form or by any means, electronic or mechanical - including photocopying, Rel recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system -without permission 0 in writing from the publisher except for brief excerpts in magazines, articles, reviews, etc. Cf Po' For further information or permission, contact: Cf Department Of Political Science & International Relations ~ Sta Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State Nigeria CH Str1 ~ ~ \::) -~~ ""-~ ':;:. R:_ 5 ""'"" l~ TABLE oF CoNTENTS Dedication 5 Aknowledgement 7 About the Contributors 9 Introduction 13 CHAPTER ONE: The Meaning and Nature of Politics 17 CHAPTER TWO: 'Y Relationship Between Political Science and n Other Social Science Disciplines 45 CHAPTER THREE: Power, Influence and Authority 65 CHAPTER FOUR: State, Nation and Society 99 CHAPTER FIVE: Structure and Organisation of Government 133 Introductory Text In Political Science CHAPTER SIX: Models of Government in Modern States 161 CHAPTER SEVEN: Forms of Political Administrative System 189 ,_ CHAPTER EIGHT: I Constitution and Constitutionalism 213 Tc CHAPTER NINE: Chancellor, : Political Socialization and Political Culture 247 For his unwaverir CHAPTER TEN: scholarship Public Opinion 269 CHAPTER ELEVEN: Political Parties and Pressure Groups 285 CHAPTER TWELVE: Introduction to International Relations 321 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Essentials of International Relations 353 4 DEDICATED To Dr. David Oyedepo Chancellor, Landmark University, Omuaran For his unwavering commitment to the ideals of true scholarship 3 AcKNOWLEDGEMENT t was Plato who once said, 'the beginning is the most important part of the work.' We appreciate I God, the author of inspiration, for bringing to fruition the efforts that culminatedin this volume. The Chancellor of Landmark University, Dr. David Oyedepo has been a major advocate and sponsor of research and the dissemination of its findings. We owe t: . this book to his constant prodding. The Vice Chancellor, Covenant University, Professor Aize Obayan and the Executive Secretary, World Mission Agency, Pastor Yemi Nathaniel, have remained pillars of support. To all the contributors, we thank you for believing in the vision. You have shown in the words of George Woodberry that, 'defeat is not the worst of failures. Not to have tried is true failure.'· Thanks to all our academic colleagues, friends, and particularly our students, whose interest is a pnme 7 Introductory Text In Political Science motivation for this present effort. We thank all our reviewers and the printing press for the final production of the book. ABO{ p: interests s· and Intern Dr. J. 0 Departme Relations, his B.Sc., Ilorin. His and Politi< Political s, University, the Depa Administt between :tv Dr. Dani (Public Ad where he: l 8 or ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS rof. Rotimi Ajayi is Professor of Political Science and the pioneer Vice Chancellor, P Landmark University, Omu-Aran. His research interests span Comparative Politics, Political Economy and International Relations. Dr. J. Olayinka Fashagba is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark University, Oinu-Aran. He earned his B.Sc., M.Sc. and PhD degrees from University of Ilorin. His areas of interest include Comparative Politics and Political Economy. He is the Head, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark University, Omu-Aran.He served in similar capacity in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Redeemer's University, Ogun State, between March and September, 2011. Dr. Daniel Eseme Gberevbie obtained his PhD degree (Public Administration) in 2008 from Covenant University where he is currently Senior Lecturer. 9 Introductory Text In Political Science Dr. Sheriff Folarin is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political Scien of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Offil University, <f> ta. He obtained his PhD from Covenant Sc. Degrees in Pt University, Ota. His area of specialization is International His areas of re Relations. i Politics, Inte Dr. Adelokhai Dennis Idonijeis Senior Lecturer and Administration. Head, Department of Public Administration, Ibrahim Ise Olorunkan Babangida University, Lapai. He obtained his PhD degree of Political Scien from Ambrose Alli University, E kpoma. He specializes University, Om in Comparative Politics and Public Administration. Sc. Degrees in I Dr. Oluwasakin Ajinde teaches in the Department of Kano and Uni\ Political Science and International Relations, Landmark PhD Candidate University, Omu-Aran. He earned his PhD from specialization is University of Ibadan. His area of Specialization is Segun Joshua International Relations. Political Science Samuel Oni is a Lecturer in the Department of Political University, Ota · Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Rotimi E. Mat Ota, and currently a PhD Candidate in that Department. Economics, Lan Segun Oshewolo currently lectures in the Department his B.Sc. and 1 of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark Kano and the 1 University, Omu-aran. He is a Junior Research Fellow areas of resear of the Institute for French Research in Africa (IFRA­ Political Econor Nigeria). His areas of specialization include Comparative Awopeju Ayo Politics and Political Economy. Political Science, Aleyomi, Michael B. is a Lecturer in the Department Ikeji-Arakeji, 0: 10 About The Contributors tment of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark enant University, Omu-Aran. He obtained his B.Sc. and M. en ant Sc. Degrees in Political Science from University of Ilorin. tional His areas of research interests include Comparative Politics, International Relations and Public rand Administration. ·ahim Ise Olorunkanmi Joseph is a Lecturer in the Department egree of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark alizes University, Omu-Aran. He obtained his B.Sc. and M. Sc. Degrees in Political Science from Bayero University, nt of Kano and University of Ibadan, respectively. He is a mark PhD Candidate at the University of Ibadan. His area of :rom- specialization is International Relations. )n lS Segun Joshua is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant itical University, Ota where he is about to defend his PhD. ~rsity, Rotimi E. Mathew is a Lecturer in the Department of nent. Economics, Landmark University, Omuaran. He earned ment his B.Sc. and M.Sc Degrees from Bayero University, mark Kano and the University of Ibadan, respectively. His ~llow · areas of research interest span Energy Economics, 'RA­ Political Economy and Health Economics. ative Awopeju Ayo is a .Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, Joseph A yo Babalola University OABU), nent Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State. He respectively obtained his I I Introductory Text In Political Science B.Sc. and M. Sc. Degrees in Political Science from University of Ado-Ek:iti and the University of Ibadan. He is presently pursuing his PhD at the University of Ibadan. His areas of specialization include Comparative Politics and Public Administration. Ogoma Daniel Ebun obtained the B.A and M.A Degrees I in Philosophy from Ek:iti State University and University Rc of Ibadan respectively. He lectures in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark University, Omu-Aran. His area of specialization is N~ lnl Political Theory. political scien Solomon Adedire is a Lecturer in· the Department of contributed a Political Science and International Relations, Landmark various writers University, Omu-Aran. He is currently a PhD Candidate, depth, compet Lagos State University. His area of interest is Public of political sci Administration However, a ca Ahmed Lestwa Mohammed lectures inDepartment of that in certain : Political Science, Ibrahim Babangida University, Lapai. was comprom He obtained the B.Sc. Political Science from ABU, Zaria; meant, among MPA from Usman Dan Fodio University, Sokoto and reading materi ... M.Sc. Political Science, University of Ilorin. He is Although som currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Political coverage, they Science, ABU Zaria. His area of specialization is Nigerian some of the s~ Government and Politics. the knowledge in political sci1 12 without :adox.G. ·African Joks. lity and Cl1apter Nine ?S Review, tperation) PoLITicAL, SociAuzA­ Tli.Jm from TION AND PoLITicAL :ss. _tion and CULTURE ;.),Path to Defence Segun Joshua 9.0 Introduction ~Nigeria. ll societies, be it primitive or modern, often Oxford: consciously inculcate in its citizenry, certain A cherished norms and values. The inculcation mt (4th in the citizenry of these norms and values is considered necessary to prepare them to assume specific roles in the society towards realizing the goals of easy societal organization and maintenance of law and order. In other words, if an individual does not internalize the beliefs, norms and values of his society his behavioural characteristics and tendencies may violate acceptable 245 Introductory Text In Political Science standards of behaviour in the society.In the words of Onwuka (1997), "the quality of an individual's participation