NH Hotel Group and the Challenges of the Hotel Sector in Spain. Economic and Financial Analysis of the Company and Its Major
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio da Universidade da Coruña Faculty of Business and Economics Graduate Thesis NH Hotel Group and the challenges of the hotel sector in Spain Economic and financial analysis of the company and its major competitor in the sector Laura Santaolalla Lorenzo Tutoress: María Flora Muíño Vázquez Degree in Business Management (Bilingual) Year 2016 Final Degree Project presented at the Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of A Coruña to obtain the degree in Business Management (Bilingual) NH Hotel Group and the challenges of the hotel sector in Spain Abstract The numerous difficulties and challenges brought on by the economic and financial crisis for tourism in Spain, a key industry for the Spanish economy because of its great contribution to the GDP, makes it very interesting to examine what is the current environment and future perspectives of tourism in Spain and, more specifically, of the hotel sector due to its great relevance and economic impact. Once established this framework, the main objective of this graduate thesis is to conduct a review of the internal situation of NH Hotel Group, one of the two listed companies of the hotel sector in Spain. The methodology applied has been conducting an economic and financial analysis of the company by studying in depth its annual accounts along with the calculation and interpretation of relevant ratios, based on information obtained from the CNMV, the SABI database, and the consolidated financial statements of the company covering the period 2007-2014 (latest publication of its annual accounts at the starting date of this paper). After performing this analysis it can be concluded that the results of NH do not reflect the positive trend of the tourism industry in Spain, and that despite having improved its performance over the last two years, the future evolution of the company is unclear since it has been forced to slow down its international expansion projects and has not yet managed to reduce its very high costs which place a heavy burden on its results. Key words: Financial statement analysis, Accounting quality, Earnings management, Tourism, Hotel sector, NH Hotel Group. Laura Santaolalla Lorenzo 2 NH Hotel Group and the challenges of the hotel sector in Spain Resumen Las numerosas dificultades y retos a los que se ha tenido que enfrentar el sector turístico en España, una de las actividades clave de la economía española debido a su elevada aportación al PIB nacional, durante la crisis económica y financiera, hacen que resulte muy interesante estudiar en qué situación se encuentra y cuáles son las perspectivas de futuro del turismo en España y, más concretamente, del sector hotelero debido a su gran relevancia e impacto económico. Una vez establecido el marco, el objetivo principal de este trabajo de fin de grado es llevar a cabo una revisión de la situación interna del Grupo NH Hoteles, una de las dos sociedades cotizadas del sector hotelero en España. La metodología aplicada ha sido la realización de un análisis económico-financiero de la empresa mediante el estudio en profundidad de sus cuentas anuales junto con el cálculo e interpretación de ratios financieros relevantes, en base a la información obtenida de la CNMV, de la base de datos SABI y de los estados financieros consolidados de la compañía abarcando el período 2007- 2014 (última publicación de sus cuentas anuales a la fecha de inicio de este trabajo). Después de realizar este análisis se puede concluir que los resultados de NH no reflejan la tendencia positiva de la industria del turismo en España y, a pesar de haber mejorado su resultado durante los dos últimos años, la evolución futura de la empresa es incierta ya que se ha visto obligada a frenar sus proyectos de expansión internacional y aun no ha conseguido reducir sus elevados costes, los cuales suponen una gran carga sobre sus resultados. Palabras clave: Análisis de estados financieros, Calidad de la contabilidad, Manipulación de beneficios, Turismo, Sector hotelero, NH Hotel Group. Laura Santaolalla Lorenzo 3 NH Hotel Group and the challenges of the hotel sector in Spain Index Introduction ................................................................................................................. 8 1 Overview of the role of tourism and the hotel industry in Spain .................... 10 2 The quality of accounting information ............................................................. 14 3 Financial statement analysis ............................................................................ 20 3.1 Patrimonial analysis ....................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Economic structure ................................................................................ 20 3.1.1.1 Non-current assets ........................................................................ 22 3.1.1.2 Current assets ............................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Financial structure ................................................................................. 26 3.1.2.1 Equity ............................................................................................ 28 3.1.2.2 Non-current liabilities ..................................................................... 30 3.1.2.3 Current liabilities ............................................................................ 30 3.2 Economic analysis ......................................................................................... 31 3.2.1 Net turnover ........................................................................................... 31 3.2.2 Personnel expenses .............................................................................. 32 3.2.3 Other operating expenses...................................................................... 34 3.2.4 Leases ................................................................................................... 35 3.2.5 Depreciations......................................................................................... 36 3.2.6 Impairment and disposal of fixed assets ................................................ 37 3.2.7 Total operating expenses ...................................................................... 38 3.2.8 EBIT ...................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Financial analysis ........................................................................................... 40 3.3.1 Liquidity and efficiency ........................................................................... 40 3.3.2 Solvency ................................................................................................ 45 3.3.3 Profitability ............................................................................................. 49 4 Comparison between NH and the Spanish companies in the sector ............. 53 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 57 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 61 Annexes ..................................................................................................................... 64 Laura Santaolalla Lorenzo 4 NH Hotel Group and the challenges of the hotel sector in Spain Index of figures Figure 1.1 Annual rate of change of tourism GDP compared to the total GPD of the Spanish economy, 2006-2015 (%) .................................................................... 13 Figure 2.1 Net income of NH, 2007-2014 (€ thousand) .............................................. 16 Figure 2.2 Net turnover of NH, 2007-2014 (€ thousand) ............................................. 16 Figure 2.3 Net gains and losses from asset impairment of NH, 2011-2014 (€ thousand) ............................................................................................................... 17 Figure 2.4 Net gains and losses on disposal of non-current assets, 2011-2014 (€ thousand) ............................................................................................................... 18 Figure 2.5 Variation in the provision for onerous agreements, 2011-2014 (€) ............ 18 Figure 3.1 Average structure of assets of NH and Meliá, 2007-2014 (%) ................... 20 Figure 3.2 Evolution of the total assets of NH and Meliá, 2007-2014 (€) .................... 21 Figure 3.3 Structure of assets of NH by year, 2007-2014 (%) .................................... 21 Figure 3.4 Evolution of the number of rooms of NH by country, 2007-2014 ................ 24 Figure 3.5 Average structure of equity and liabilities of NH and Meliá, 2007-2014 (%) ............................................................................................................ 26 Figure 3.6 Evolution of equity and liabilities in NH, 2007-2014 (€ thousand) .............. 27 Figure 3.7 Evolution of equity and liabilities in Meliá, 2007-2014 (€ thousand) ........... 27 Figure 3.8 Structure of equity and liabilities of NH by year, 2007-2014 (%) ................ 27 Figure 3.9 Evolution of net turnover of NH and Meliá, 2007-2014 (€ thousand) .......... 32 Figure 3.10 Evolution of personnel expenses of NH and Meliá as a percentage of net turnover, 2007-2014 (%) ................................................................................... 33 Figure 3.11