Ann. soc. entomol. Fr. (n.s.), 2011, 47 (1–2) : 241-259 ARTICLE Species level taxonomy of the Neotropical hairstreak genus Porthecla (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Th eclinae: Eumaeini) Christophe Faynel (1), Robert C. Busby (2), Alfred Moser (3) & Robert K. Robbins (4) (1) 16 rue des Aspres, F-34160 Montaud, France (2) Countryside Way 7, Andover, MA 01810-6041 USA (3) Av. W. Rotermund, 1045 93030-000 São Leopoldo, RS Brasil (4) Department of Entomology, PO Box 37012, NHB Stop 105, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA Abstract. The species level taxonomy of Porthecla is revised. Six previously described species are recognized: P. ravus (Druce 1907); P. barba (Druce 1907); P. dinus (Hewitson 1867); P. porthura (Druce 1907); P. minyia (Hewitson 1867); P. gemma (Druce 1907), and another six new species are proposed: P. forasteira Faynel & Moser n. sp.; P. annette Faynel & Robbins n. sp.; P. johanna Faynel & Robbins n. sp.; P. peruensis Faynel & Moser n. sp.; P. prietoi Faynel & Busby n. sp. and P. willmotti Busby, Faynel & Moser n. sp. For each Porthecla species we present diagnostic characters, images of male and female adults, drawings of male and female genitalia, distribution maps, and notes on habitat and other biological traits. An identifi cation key for males is provided. To stabilize names; lectotypes are designated for Thecla minyia Hewitson 1867, and Thecla gemma Druce 1907. Wing pattern resemblances between Porthecla and other genera are discussed. Résumé. Les espèces du genre néotropical Porthecla (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae : Theclinae : Eumaeini). Six espèces décrites sont reconnues : P. ravus (Druce 1907); P. barba (Druce 1907) ; P. dinus (Hewitson 1867) ; P. porthura (Druce 1907) ; P. minyia (Hewitson 1867) ; P. gemma (Druce 1907), et six espèces nouvelles sont décrites : P. forasteira Faynel & Moser n. sp. ; P. annette Faynel & Robbins n. sp. ; P. johanna Faynel & Robbins n. sp. ; P. peruensis Faynel & Moser n. sp. ; P. prietoi Faynel & Busby n. sp. and P. willmotti Busby, Faynel & Moser n. sp.. Pour toutes ces espèces, les caractères diagnostiques, les dessins des genitalia mâle et femelle, les photographies des adultes des deux sexes, les cartes de distribution et des remarques sur leur biologie et leur habitat sont donnés. Une clé d’identifi cation pour les mâles est fournie. Des lectotypes sont désignés pour Thecla minyia Hewitson 1867, et Thecla gemma Druce 1907. Les ressemblances alaires intra et inter spécifi ques sont étudiées. Keywords: Oenomaus, Th epytus, South-America, lectotypes, wing pattern. enomaus Hübner 1819 and Porthecla Robbins that this wing pattern might be a synapomorphy for O2004 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Th eclinae: Oenomaus. However, Th ecla melleus Druce 1907, one Eumaeini) are diff erentiated from other Panthiades of the species with this wing pattern, has been placed Section genera primarily by the absence of an orange- both in Porthecla (Robbins 2004) and in Oenomaus red cubital spot on the ventral surface of the hindwing (Faynel 2007) because its genitalic morphology is (Robbins & Duarte 2004). Oenomaus and Porthecla, diffi cult to interpret. Irrespective, in this paper we however, cannot be distinguished from each other by show that another species with O. atena wing pattern wing pattern alone (fi gs. 1–21 for Porthecla, Faynel has genitalia that place it defi nitively in Porthecla, so it & Moser 2008 for Oenomaus), which is probably the would appear that the “atena wing pattern” is a shared main reason why these Neotropical genera were not primitive trait. delimited until recently (Robbins 2004). In contrast to Oenomaus, some Porthecla species, Although Oenomaus species display a wide range of especially P. porthura (Druce 1907), P. minyia ventral wing patterns, 85% of the described species have (Hewitson 1867), and P. gemma (Druce 1907), have a wing pattern that is very similar to that of O. atena a large, conspicuous red spot next to the body at the (Hewitson 1867) (fi g. 1 in Faynel 2008). Th is suggests base of the ventral hindwing (fi gs. 10–21). Th ese species resemble sympatric species in unrelated genera (such as Atlides inachus (Cramer 1775), Janthecla E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], rocena (Hewitson 1867), Olynthus ophelia (Hewitson [email protected], [email protected] 1867)), a phenomenon that was recently highlighted Accepté le 30 septembre 2010 in the Panthiades Section genus Th epytus Robbins, 241 Ch. Faynel, R. C. Busby, A. Moser & R. K. Robbins 2004 (Robbins et al. 2010). While this is fascinating Genitalic terms follow those in Klots (1970), as modifi ed for the biologically, it is responsible for misidentifi cations, Eumaeini in Robbins (1991). Wing veins are named following such as the incorrect records of P. minyia from Central Comstock (1918), and wing cells are named by the veins that border them. Androconial terminology follows Robbins (1991). America (Godman & Salvin 1887–1901; de la Maza Otherwise, morphological terms follow Snodgrass (1935). 1987). In addition to a section listing the material examined, we map A phylogenetic analysis is necessary to study distributions so that these ranges can be visualized in relation the evolution of ventral wing patterns in Oenomaus to physical features, such as mountains and river valleys. We and Porthecla and to determine the correct generic sometimes combine distributions of unrelated species on a map placement for Th ecla melleus. Unfortunately, the large with the aim of minimizing the number of maps. number of undescribed species in Oenomaus and Abbreviations used repeatedly in the text are (FW) forewing, Porthecla has hindered such an analysis. For example, (HW) hindwing, (D) dorsal, (V) ventral and (SD) standard deviation. Brazilian and Peruvian states are noted by their Oenomaus contained six described species (Robbins standard two letter abbreviations. 2004), but now consists of 20 species (not including T. We supplemented our study series with specimens from private melleus) (Faynel 2006; Faynel 2008; Faynel & Moser collections because many Porthecla species are poorly represented 2008). Similarly, Porthecla contained six described in museum collections. Acronyms for public museums follow species (Robbins 2004, not including melleus), but http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-inst.html: there are just as many undescribed ones. BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Th e purpose of this paper is to treat the species CF private collection of Christophe Faynel, Montpellier, France; level taxonomy of Porthecla, including the description CP private collection of Carlos Prieto, Cali, Colombia; DZUP Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; of six new species. We use these results to show that FSMC Allyn Museum, Florida Museum of Natural History, the O. atena ventral wing pattern occurs in Porthecla, University of Florida, USA; HD private collection of Hans regardless of the generic placement of T. melleus. We also Dahners, Cali, Colombia; HNHM Hungarian Museum of document the conspicuous similarity in ventral wing Natural History, Budapest, Hungary; ICN Instituto de Ciencas pattern among those sympatric species that look like P. Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá; JFL private collection of Jean-François Lecrom, Cali, Colombia; porthura and relatives. However, the primary reason for MC private collection of Alfred Moser, São Leopoldo, RS, documenting the species level taxonomy of Porthecla is Brazil; MHNUC Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de that it is another step towards making a phylogenetic Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; MNHN Muséum d’Histoire analysis of Porthecla + Oenomaus feasible. naturelle de Paris, Paris, France; MUSM Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Materials and methods. Perú; MZSP Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Th is paper is based on 191 male and 99 female pinned specimens São Paulo, SP, Brazil; PB private collection of Pierre Boyer, Le of Porthecla in the public and private collections listed below. Puy-Sainte-Réparade, France; PJJ private collection of Pierre Each species that belongs to Porthecla (as characterized in et Jacques Jauff ret, Santo Antonio do Tauá, Pará, Brazil; RCB Faynel, 2006) is reviewed. Because a phylogenetic analysis is private collection of Robert C. Busby, Andover, MA, USA; yet premature, we provisionally order species by similarity of USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian wing pattern and genitalic characters as summarized in the Institution, Washington, DC, USA; ZSM Zoologische Discussion. Although three of the newly described species are Staatssammlung, München, Germany. known from less than fi ve specimens each, the variation that we document is more compatible with specifi c distinctness Results than with intraspecifi c variation, as noted in the individual species diagnoses. In addition to the detailed comparisons of wing patterns with other Porthecla and Oenomaus species in the Porthecla Robbins 2004 diagnoses, we discuss similarities with other genera in separate Type species: Th ecla porthura Druce 1907 sections on “wing pattern similarities”. Adult size is given as Diagnosis. Porthecla + Oenomaus is distinguished by the lack forewing length, measured from the wing base to its apex. of a ventral hindwing orange cubital spot and by the lamella Traditional methods were used to dissect genitalia: each postvaginalis of the ductus bursae split into two slim posterior abdomen was placed in a 10% KOH solution (potassium