LA FORMACIÓN DE UNA CONCEPCIÓN DE RESTAURACIÓN EN LA HABANA, CUBA, ENTRE 1920 Y 1950: Los Trabajos De Evelio Govantes Y Félix Cabarrocas

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LA FORMACIÓN DE UNA CONCEPCIÓN DE RESTAURACIÓN EN LA HABANA, CUBA, ENTRE 1920 Y 1950: Los Trabajos De Evelio Govantes Y Félix Cabarrocas UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO DEPARTAMENTO DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO MAITE HERNÁNDEZ ALFONSO LA FORMACIÓN DE UNA CONCEPCIÓN DE RESTAURACIÓN EN LA HABANA, CUBA, ENTRE 1920 Y 1950: Los trabajos de Evelio Govantes y Félix Cabarrocas Recife 2020. MAITE HERNÁNDEZ ALFONSO LA FORMACIÓN DE UNA CONCEPCIÓN DE RESTAURACIÓN EN LA HABANA, CUBA, ENTRE 1920 Y 1950: Los trabajos de Evelio Govantes y Félix Cabarrocas. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Urbano da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestra em Desenvolvimento Urbano. Área de concentração: Conservação Integrada Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Arq. Natalia Miranda Vieira-de-Araújo Recife 2020. Catalogação na fonte Bibliotecária Andréa Carla Melo Marinho, CRB-4/1667 A388f Alfonso, Maite Hernández La formación de uma Concepción de restauración em la Habana, Cuba, entre 1920 e 1950: los trabajos de Evelio Govantes y Félix Cabarrocas / Maite Hernández Alfonso. – Recife, 2020. 230 f.: il. Orientadora: Natalia Miranda Vieira de Araújo. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Artes e Comunicação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Urbano, 2020. Inclui referências e apêndices. 1. Evelio Govantes. 2. Félix Cabarrocas. 3. Patrimônio. 4. Restauração. 5. Havana. I. Araújo, Natalia Miranda Vieira de (Orientadora). II. Título. 711.4 CDD (22. ed.) UFPE (CAC 2020-148) MAITE HERNÁNDEZ ALFONSO LA FORMACIÓN DE UNA CONCEPCIÓN DE RESTAURACIÓN EN LA HABANA, CUBA, ENTRE 1920 Y 1950: Los trabajos de Evelio Govantes y Félix Cabarrocas. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Urbano da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestra em Desenvolvimento Urbano. Aprovada em: 15 / 06/ 2020. BANCA EXAMINADORA _________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Natalia Miranda Vieira-de-Araújo (Orientadora) PPG-DU - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Virgínia Pitta Pontual (Examinadora Interna) PPG-DU - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Espinha Baeta (Examinador Externo) PPG-AU - Universidade Federal da Bahia _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fernando Atique (Examinador Externo) PPG-H - Universidade Federal de São Paulo AGRADECIMIENTOS A la hora de agradecer, Mi más ardiente gratitud para aquellos que me abrieron el camino de la creación; ante ellos ha de enmudecer el verbo y quedó en vilo la pluma. Eusebio Leal Spengler en Regresar en el tiempo (1995) A mis padres y a mi familia, siempre. A todos mis amigos capixabas, paulistas, mineiros y pernambucanos, por ser mi familia y mi resguardo en Brasil; por mostrarme el verdadero país; por estos años de vivencias inolvidables; por el cariño infinito: A Aline Faé y Alessandro, Aline Fardin y Jeff, Vinicius y Georgia, Fabio y Raquel, Mario y Tarsila, Anielli y Antoniel. A Livia Meggiolaro, a Livia Moraes, a Naara Campos y a André Moulin por la amistad y el apoyo. A Diego (†) y a Ariadny. A Izabel Cristina y a su familia, que ya es mía, por la la alegría y el amor con el que siempre fui acogida. A Fátima, Arthur y las meninas por la maravillosa convivencia. A Joyce y a su familia. A Danielli Cristini y a todos mis queridos olindenses, gracias por hacerme parte de esta ciudad encantadora que es Olinda. A la familia Melo Faria por el cuidado, el cariño y el abrazo concedido: A Dorinha, Fernando, Olivia; y especialmente a Gabriel de Melo Faria. A Rodriggo y a Harumi por ser amigos incondicionales. A mis colegas y profesores de la Maestría en Desarrollo Urbano (MDU) de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco por las enseñanzas y la mejor acogida en línea recta. A Gabi Acevedo por las buenas recomendaciones siempre. A todos los miembros del Laboratorio de Urbanismo y Patrimonio (LUP) por los consejos y conocimientos compartidos a lo largo de estos años. Por último, y no menos importante, agradezco a la Coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de nivel superior (CAPES) por la beca concedida para la realización de esta investigación. Especialmente quiero agradecer a mi tutora, la Dra. Arq. Natália Miranda Viera-de- Araújo por una orientación memorable. Por la confianza y el consejo exacto. En Cuba quiero agradecer a todos mis amigos. A mis colegas en la Casa de las Tejas Verdes por el apoyo. Al profesor y amigo Dr. Sergio Raymant Arencibia del Colegio Universitario San Gerónimo de La Habana de la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana (OHCH). A Grisell Terrón Quintero, directora de Patrimonio Documental de la OHCH; a las muchachas de la Biblioteca Histórica Cubana y Americana “Francisco González del Valle”, Yania Maite y Lis; así como a los especialistas de la Fototeca Histórica. A Yamira Rodríguez Marcano historiadora en la Empresa RESTAURA de la OHCH. A la Dra. Alicia García Santana y al Dr. Orestes del Castillo por prestigiar esta investigación con su colaboración. ¡Gracias! RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el estudio de la formación de una concepción de restauración en La Habana, Cuba, entre 1920 hasta 1950, a partir del análisis de la labor de los arquitectos cubanos Félix Cabarrocas (1887- 1961) y Evelio Govantes (1886-1981). Estos trabajos constituyeron una referencia notable al ser las primeras labores de su tipo en Cuba, promover la conservación de importantes edificios coloniales del Centro Histórico de La Habana e impulsar la creación de las primeras instituciones y leyes patrimoniales. El presente estudio evaluó también el contexto cultural en el que se desenvolvieron las intervenciones realizadas, así como la formación, las referencias y el pensamiento de otros arquitectos del período en materia de restauración. Además, el análisis detallado dichos trabajos permitió identificar algunos de los principales preceptos de restauración empleados: un punto de partida para reconocer el criterio de restauración que primaba en Cuba en la época. Palabras claves: Evelio Govantes. Félix Cabarrocas. Patrimonio. Restauración. Habana. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is the formation of a conception of restoration in Havana, Cuba, between 1920 and 1950, based on the analysis of the work of Cuban architects Félix Cabarrocas (1887-1961) and Evelio Govantes (1886-1981). Their work is a notable reference since its execution was the first of its kind in Cuba, allowing the conservation of important colonial buildings in the Historic Center of Havana, as well as promoting the formation of a conception of restoration and the creation of the first laws and institutions for the preservation of the national heritage. The present study also evaluated the cultural context in which these interventions took place, as well as the instruction, references, and principles of the architects of the period regarding restoration. Also, the examination of these works allowed us to identify some of the main precepts of restoration used: a starting point to recognize the principles related to restoration that prevailed in Cuba at the time. Keywords: Evelio Govantes. Félix Cabarrocas. Heritage. Restoration. Habana. LISTA DE IMÁGENES Figura 1- Pabellón de México en la Exposición Internacional de Rio de Janeiro (1922) obra de Carlos Obregón de Santacilia .................................. 33 Figura 2- Embajada de Argentina en Perú (1928) ........................................... 34 Figura 3- Pabellón de Cuba en la Exposición Iberoamericana en Sevilla ....... 37 Figura 4- Palacio del Gobernador en Williamsburg, reconstruido a mediados de 1930 ............................................................................................ 48 Figura 5- El estanque de Morning Glory, en el Parque Nacional en Yellowstone ......................................................................................................... 49 Figura 6- Leopoldo Batres (1852-1926) .......................................................... 52 Figura 7- Leopoldo Batres junto a otras personalidades en Teotihuacán en 1910 ................................................................................................. 53 Figura 8- Exploraciones de Leopoldo Batres en la pirámide del Sol en 1908 . 55 Figura 9- Manuel Gamio (1883-1960) ............................................................. 56 Figura 10 a- Juego de Pelota de Chichén Itzá antes de la reconstrucción ........... 59 Figura 10 b- Juego de Pelota de Chichén Itzá después de la reconstrucción ...... 59 Figura 11- Portada de la revista del Colegio de Arquitectos dedicado a la arquitectura prehispánica mexicana................................................. 61 Figura 12- Mario Buschiazzo 1902-1970 ........................................................... 63 Figura 13- Edificio del Cabildo de Buenos Aires en 1879 ................................. 65 Figura 14 a- Cabildo de Buenos Aires alrededor de 1930. Sin la torre ................ 66 Figura 14 b- Cabildo de Buenos Aires alrededor de 1950, después de la reconstrucción .................................................................................. 66 Figura 15- Plano de La Habana y sus alrededores en 1898, al momento de la Intervención Norteamericana ........................................................... 70 Figura 16 a- Plano de La Habana en 1912 con los repartos de urbanización existentes y en proyecto .................................................................
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