National Republic Records, 1918-1960
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Amerasia Affair, China, and Postwar Anti-Communist Fervor
http://gdc.gale.com/archivesunbound/ AMERASIA AFFAIR, CHINA, AND POSTWAR ANTI-COMMUNIST FERVOR The Amerasia Affair was the first of the great spy cases of the postwar era. Unlike Alger Hiss or the Rosenberg cases, it did not lead to an epic courtroom confrontation or imprisonment or execution of any of the principals. The Amerasia Affair sheds light not only on debate as to who "lost" China, Soviet espionage, McCarthyism, and the loyalty program, but also on the bureaucratic intricacies of anti-communism in Washington. Date Range: 1945-1973 Content: 14,164 images Source Library: Federal Bureau of Investigation Library Detailed Description: The Amerasia Affair was the first of the great spy cases of the postwar era. Unlike Alger Hiss or the Rosenberg cases, it did not lead to an epic courtroom confrontation or imprisonment or execution of any of the principals. Today it is far less known or remembered than the others. Nevertheless, it prompted several congressional investigations, stirred-up partisan controversy and threatened to destroy the political reputations of several important government officials. It was the first public drama featuring charges that respectable American citizens had spied for the Communists. The Amerasia Affair contributed heavily to the creation of McCarthyism in American life. Thanks to the availability of these FBI records, most of the Amerasia story can be uncovered. The Amerasia Affair sheds light not only on debate as to who "lost" China, Soviet espionage, McCarthyism, and the loyalty program, but also on the bureaucratic intricacies of anti-communism in Washington. What came to be called the "Amerasia Affair" began when Kenneth Wells, an analyst for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), noticed that an article printed in the January 26, 1945, issue of the magazine Amerasia was almost identical to a 1944 report he had written on Thailand. -
War Responsibility of the Chinese Communist Party, the Ussr and Communism
WAR RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY, THE USSR AND COMMUNISM How the US became entangled in the Comintern’s master plan to communize Asia Ezaki Michio, Senior fellow, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference) Shock waves from Venona files continue to reverberate The Venona files have unmasked more than a few Soviet spies who infiltrated the US government during the World War II era. With the disclosure of the transcripts, what has for decades been a suspicion is on the point of becoming a certainty: the Roosevelt administration was collaborating with the Soviet Union and the CCP (Chinese Communist Party). A retrospective debate is in progress, and with it a reexamination of the historical view of that period; both have accelerated rapidly in recent years. The term “Venona files” is used to describe code messages exchanged between Soviet spies in the US and Soviet Intelligence Headquarters that were intercepted and decrypted by US Signals Intelligence Service personnel. The NSA (National Security Agency) released the transcripts to the public in 1995. As more of these messages were disclosed and analyzed, they revealed evidence likely to prove conclusively that at least 200 Soviet spies (or sympathizers) worked for the US government as civil servants. Their members included Alger Hiss ① (hereinafter I shall place numbers after the names of influential individuals, and use boldface font to indicate communists or communist sympathizers).1 Suspicions that there were Soviet spies in the Roosevelt administration date back more than 60 years. In 1948 Time magazine editor Whittaker Chambers, testifying before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, accused Alger Hiss ① of spying for the USSR. -
John Foster Dulles and the Federal Council Of
JOHN FOSTER DULLES AND THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, 1937-1949 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Albert N. Keim, B.A., M.A. ******* The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by Adviser Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to Dr. Constant H. Jacquet, Jr., Director of the Research Library of the National Council of Churches, for giving me access to the National Council of Churches Archives. I am grateful for the assistance rendered by Mrs. Wanda M. Randall, Assistant to the Curator of Manuscripts, during my research in the Dulles Papers at Princeton University Library. Dr. Georgia Harkness, Dr. Roswell P. Barnes, and Dr. Samuel McCrea Cavert all provided valuable advice at various stages of the project. My adviser, Dr. Robert H. Bremner, gave unfailing counsel at every stage of the work, I owe a special debt to my wife, Leanna, who loyally supported the project from beginning to end. VITA October 31, 1935 Born - Uniontown, Ohio 1963 ........... B.A., Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg, Virginia 1965 M.A., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 1965-1969 Instructor, Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg, Virginia 1969-1970 Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-1971 Dissertation Year Fellow, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History Social History of the United States Since 1900. Professor Robert H. Bremner Political History of the United States Since 1900. Professor K. Austin Kerr Political and Social History of the United States, 1850-1900. -
Planes Were Leaving the Scene of Their Destruction, a with the Rise of Hitler
BY JAMES A . K E H L ON SUNDAY,DECEMBER 7, 1941, AS THE BOMBS The America First Committee was the last fell at Pearl Harbor, some 2,500 Pittsburghers were gasp of a national isolationist movement that had taking their seats at Soldiers and Sailors Memorial begun after World War I.Disillusioned with fallout Hall in the city's Oakland district, where a rally from treaties signed at Versailles to end WWI, the sponsored by the America First Committee (AFC) was American public demanded that the nation take a scheduled to begin at 3 p.m. Fifteen minutes before hard-line attitude of non-alliance with other i the program, at about the time the last Japanese countries. That posture, which became U.S. policy, planes were leaving the scene of their destruction, a was maintained without significant challenge into journalist informed the rally's organizers that Japan the mid-1930s. had attacked Hawaii and the Philippines. With the rise of Hitler, Mussolini, and Japanese America First organizers, hoping to discourage warlords, however, many Americans and U.S. pol- ' public support for U.S. involvement in the war al- icymakers began to question the wisdom of ready raging in Europe, would later say that they continued isolationism. High officials in the believed the report was a hoax. That's why, or- Roosevelt administration considered a non-inter- ganizers insisted, they elected to proceed with the ventionist stance imprudent. By 1941, the issue was a event. Whatever the truth, those gathered in the hall hot topic, with organizations on both sides of the became an unusual captive audience for the next two debate actively seeking support in Congress and and a half hours: as speaker after speaker demanded among the public. -
Teacher Guide (PDF)
AMERICANS AND THE HOLOCAUST TEACHER GUIDE ISOLATION OR INTERVENTION? A CASE STUDY ON THE LEND-LEASE ACT ushmm.org/americans AMERICANS AND THE HOLOCAUST ISOLATION OR INTERVENTION? A CASE STUDY ON THE LEND-LEASE ACT OVERVIEW In this lesson, students will identify multiple economic, social, and geopolitical factors that influenced Americans’ attitudes about the United States’ role in the world from 1939–1941, when people in the United States were deeply divided about what actions, if any, America should take in defense of countries threatened by German military conquest. Through an examination of primary source documents, students will identify and evaluate arguments that different Americans made for the provision of military materiel to Britain in 1940. Ultimately, students will reflect on questions that this lesson raises about America’s role in the world today. This lesson explores the following question: n How did Americans interpret their role in the world when facing the threat of war? HISTORY KEY QUESTIONS EXPLORED 1. From 1939–1941, what information was available to Americans about German military expansion and the German threat to European countries? 2. What events and conditions had an impact upon Americans’ attitudes about German military expansion and whether the United States should supply military materiel to Great Britain? 3. How did Americans respond to the proposal that the United States provide military aid to Great Britain in defense against German attacks? HISTORY LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Students will understand that there were many different issues that the American public perceived as having a critical impact on their livelihoods, security, and core values. -
For All the People
Praise for For All the People John Curl has been around the block when it comes to knowing work- ers’ cooperatives. He has been a worker owner. He has argued theory and practice, inside the firms where his labor counts for something more than token control and within the determined, but still small uni- verse where labor rents capital, using it as it sees fit and profitable. So his book, For All the People: The Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America, reached expectant hands, and an open mind when it arrived in Asheville, NC. Am I disappointed? No, not in the least. Curl blends the three strands of his historical narrative with aplomb, he has, after all, been researching, writing, revising, and editing the text for a spell. Further, I am certain he has been responding to editors and publishers asking this or that. He may have tired, but he did not give up, much inspired, I am certain, by the determination of the women and men he brings to life. Each of his subtitles could have been a book, and has been written about by authors with as many points of ideological view as their titles. Curl sticks pretty close to the narrative line written by worker own- ers, no matter if they came to work every day with a socialist, laborist, anti-Marxist grudge or not. Often in the past, as with today’s worker owners, their firm fails, a dream to manage capital kaput. Yet today, as yesterday, the democratic ideals of hundreds of worker owners support vibrantly profitable businesses. -
B Sun., June 23- A
DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 17, 1929 Page Five New York Graduates of Brookwood Denounce Anti-Labor Policy of School at Meet Labor Defense Mass Workers International REVEAL “MUSTE Communist Activities U.S, NOW FINDS I Meeting in Buffalo RELIEF STORE TO Relief in France Hits lOORS CONVERGE W illHear Karl Reeve Attack on Tent Colony -1 Unit 1. i Manhattan! i j j Discussion on the C. I. Address The GROUP" AS AID * wr ill be held at the meeting at 27 E. RIFLES MISUSED BUFFALO, N. Y., June 16.—A ASSIST STRIKERS Workers International Re- TO FIGHT FRENCH Subsection 311. jFourth St. tonight. mass meeting under the auspices of lief, 1 Union Square, New York A meeting will be held at 6.30 p.m. ... City, has received the following today the International Labor Defense, at 350 E. 81st St. The C. I. 1 Address will be discussed. t'oniiuunlnt Youth League, Downtown Good Says Tennessee with Comiade Carl Reeve as the Get Your Pressing Done cablegram on the Gastonia out- ‘Peaceful Penetration’ TO THE BOSSES ? * * Unit 1. rage speaker, will take place tomorrow at from the French section of International Branch, Section 3. Youth speakers will address the Buy Own Guns at Ave. Painleve’s Lie A meeting; will be held tonight at t meeting at 8 p. m. today at Fifth St. Should 8 p. m. in the New Workers Center, 418 Brook the Workers International Re- 101 W. 27th Street. and Ave. B on the Gastonia strike. lief, world organization: * * * 200 Ellicott St., Buffalo, N. -
Social Ecology and Communalism
Murray Bookchin Bookchin Murray $ 12,95 / £ xx,xx Social Ecology and Communalism Replace this text Murray Bookchin ocial cology Social Ecology and Communalism and Communalism Social Ecology S E and Communalism AK Press Social Ecology and Communalism Murray Bookchin Social Ecology and Communalism Bookchin, Murray Social Ecology and Communalism Library of Congress Control Number 2006933557 ISBN 978-1-904859-49-9 Published by AK Press © Eirik Eiglad and Murray Bookchin 2006 AK Press 674–A 23rd St. Oakland, CA 94612 USA www.akpress.org [email protected] AK Press UK PO Box 12766 Edinburgh, EH8 9YE Scotland (0131) 555–5165 www.akuk.com [email protected] Design and layout by Eirik Eiglad Contents An Introduction to Social Ecology and Communalism 7 What is Social Ecology? 19 Radical Politics in an Era of Advanced Capitalism 53 The Role of Social Ecology in a Period of Reaction 68 The Communalist Project 77 After Murray Bookchin 117 An Introduction to Social Ecology and Communalism We are standing at a crucial crossroads. Not only does the age- old “social question” concerning the exploitation of human labor remain unresolved, but the plundering of natural resources has reached a point where humanity is also forced to politically deal with an “ecological question.” Today, we have to make conscious choices about what direction society should take, to properly meet these challenges. At the same time, we see that our very ability to make the necessary choices are being undermined by an incessant centralization of economic and political power. Not only is there a process of centralization in most modern nation states that divests humanity of any control over social affairs, but power is also gradually being transferred to transnational institutions. -
Finding Aid Prepared by David Kennaly Washington, D.C
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS RARE BOOK AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS DIVISION THE RADICAL PAMPHLET COLLECTION Finding aid prepared by David Kennaly Washington, D.C. - Library of Congress - 1995 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS RARE BOOK ANtI SPECIAL COLLECTIONS DIVISIONS RADICAL PAMPHLET COLLECTIONS The Radical Pamphlet Collection was acquired by the Library of Congress through purchase and exchange between 1977—81. Linear feet of shelf space occupied: 25 Number of items: Approx: 3465 Scope and Contents Note The Radical Pamphlet Collection spans the years 1870-1980 but is especially rich in the 1930-49 period. The collection includes pamphlets, newspapers, periodicals, broadsides, posters, cartoons, sheet music, and prints relating primarily to American communism, socialism, and anarchism. The largest part deals with the operations of the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA), its members, and various “front” organizations. Pamphlets chronicle the early development of the Party; the factional disputes of the 1920s between the Fosterites and the Lovestoneites; the Stalinization of the Party; the Popular Front; the united front against fascism; and the government investigation of the Communist Party in the post-World War Two period. Many of the pamphlets relate to the unsuccessful presidential campaigns of CP leaders Earl Browder and William Z. Foster. Earl Browder, party leader be—tween 1929—46, ran for President in 1936, 1940 and 1944; William Z. Foster, party leader between 1923—29, ran for President in 1928 and 1932. Pamphlets written by Browder and Foster in the l930s exemplify the Party’s desire to recruit the unemployed during the Great Depression by emphasizing social welfare programs and an isolationist foreign policy. -
Civillibertieshstlookinside.Pdf
Civil Liberties and the Legacy of Harry S. Truman The Truman Legacy Series, Volume 9 Based on the Ninth Truman Legacy Symposium The Civil Liberties Legacy of Harry S. Truman May 2011 Key West, Florida Edited by Richard S. Kirkendall Civil Liberties and the LEGACY of Harry S. Truman Edited by Richard S. Kirkendall Volume 9 Truman State University Press Copyright © 2013 Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri, 63501 All rights reserved tsup.truman.edu Cover photo: President Truman delivers a speech on civil liberties to the American Legion, August 14, 1951 (Photo by Acme, copy in Truman Library collection, HSTL 76- 332). All reasonable attempts have been made to locate the copyright holder of the cover photo. If you believe you are the copyright holder of this photograph, please contact the publisher. Cover design: Teresa Wheeler Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Civil liberties and the legacy of Harry S. Truman / edited by Richard S. Kirkendall. pages cm. — (Truman legacy series ; 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61248-084-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61248-085-5 (ebook) 1. Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972—Political and social views. 2. Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972—Influence. 3. Civil rights—United States—History—20th century. 4. United States. Constitution. 1st–10th Amendments. 5. Cold War—Political aspects—United States. 6. Anti-communist movements—United States— History—20th century. 7. United States—Politics and government—1945–1953. I. Kirkendall, Richard Stewart, 1928– E814.C53 2013 973.918092—dc23 2012039360 No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means without written permission from the publisher. -
The Left in the United States and the Decline of the Socialist Party of America, 1934–1935 Jacob A
Document généré le 1 oct. 2021 11:01 Labour Journal of Canadian Labour Studies Le Travail Revue d’Études Ouvrières Canadiennes The Left in the United States and the Decline of the Socialist Party of America, 1934–1935 Jacob A. Zumoff Volume 85, printemps 2020 Résumé de l'article Dans les premières années de la Grande Dépression, le Parti socialiste URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1070907ar américain a attiré des jeunes et des intellectuels de gauche en même temps DOI : https://doi.org/10.1353/llt.2020.0006 qu’il était confronté au défi de se distinguer du Parti démocrate de Franklin D. Roosevelt. En 1936, alors que sa direction historique de droite (la «vieille Aller au sommaire du numéro garde») quittait le Parti socialiste américain et que bon nombre des membres les plus à gauche du Parti socialiste américain avaient décampé, le parti a perdu de sa vigueur. Cet article examine les luttes internes au sein du Partie Éditeur(s) socialiste américain entre la vieille garde et les groupements «militants» de gauche et analyse la réaction des groupes à gauche du Parti socialiste Canadian Committee on Labour History américain, en particulier le Parti communiste pro-Moscou et les partisans de Trotsky et Boukharine qui ont été organisés en deux petits groupes, le Parti ISSN communiste (opposition) et le Parti des travailleurs. 0700-3862 (imprimé) 1911-4842 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Zumoff, J. (2020). The Left in the United States and the Decline of the Socialist Party of America, 1934–1935. Labour / Le Travail, 85, 165–198. -
The Second Red Scare Stunted the Development of the American Wel
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION he Second Red Scare stunted the development of the American wel Tfare state. In the 1940s and 1950s, conservatives in and out of gov ernment used concerns about Soviet espionage to remove from public service many officials who advocated regulatory and redistributive poli cies intended to strengthen democracy. The crusade against “Communists in government” had even more casualties than we thought. In addition to its well-known violation of civil liberties and destruction of careers, the Second Red Scare curbed the social democratic potential of the New Deal through its impact on policymakers who sought to mitigate the an tidemocratic tendencies of unregulated capitalism. This book examines a cohort of women and men who entered gov ernment service during the 1930s and 1940s and then were investigated under the federal employee loyalty program. Created in the early 1940s and formalized in 1947, the loyalty program ostensibly sought to prevent government employment of Communists, but it also drove out noncom munist leftists, who were more numerous in the higher ranks of the civil service than has been recognized. During the crises of the Great Depres sion and Second World War, service in the dynamic Roosevelt administra tion offered the luster and cachet—although not the financial rewards— that in other eras would be found on Wall Street or in Silicon Valley, and the federal government hired some of the nation’s most brilliant and am bitious talent.