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Berlusconi's Language in the British Press:Translation, Ideology and National Image in News Discourse Across Italian/English Linguacultures

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Berlusconi's Language in the British Press:Translation, Ideology and National Image in News Discourse Across Italian/English Linguacultures Durham E-Theses Berlusconi's Language in the British Press:Translation, Ideology and National Image in News Discourse across Italian/English Linguacultures FILMER, DENISE,ANNE How to cite: FILMER, DENISE,ANNE (2015) Berlusconi's Language in the British Press:Translation, Ideology and National Image in News Discourse across Italian/English Linguacultures , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11049/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Berlusconi’s Language in the British Press Translation, Ideology and National Image in News Discourse across Italian/English Linguacultures Denise Filmer Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD University of Durham School of Modern Languages and Cultures December 2014 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. 1 2 Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract and keywords .............................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 13 Abbreviations and Glossary ...................................................................................................... 15 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 17 The research rationale .................................................................................................. 18 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 18 Chapter overview ......................................................................................................... 19 1. Reseach Design: Integrating Methods at Macro-analysis ................................................ 25 1.1 The Premise .......................................................................................................... 25 1.2 A syncretism of perspectives ............................................................................. 28 1.2.1 The starting point – translation in media texts ........................................... 29 1.2.2 A triangulation of approaches ....................................................................... 30 1.3 Critical Discourse Analysis revisited through a multi-semiotic view ......... 32 1.3.1 The multimodality of news texts .................................................................. 34 1.3.2 Limitations of Critical Discourse Analysis from a methodological point of view................................................................................................................. 37 1.3.3 Critique of Fairclough and van Dijk and how this research responds .... 39 1.4 Critical points: embedded translation in news narratives ............................ 41 3 1.4.1 Attitudes in translational decision-making; an analytical frame ............. 42 1.4.2 Essentials of appraisal theory ........................................................................ 43 1.4.3 Systemic Functional Linguistics .................................................................... 46 1.4.4 Systemic Functional Linguistics in appraisal .............................................. 47 1.5 Ethnographic methods in Translation research: the interview .................... 48 1.5.1 Qualitative interviewing ................................................................................ 49 1.5.2 A responsive approach to interviewing ....................................................... 50 1.6 Reader response: translation effects on the target reader ............................. 55 1.7 Unresolved issues in research design .............................................................. 57 1.7.1 Locating and categorising data; units of analysis ....................................... 58 1.7.2 Newspaper sources and text genres ............................................................. 61 1.8 Closing Remarks ................................................................................................. 63 2. Research Design: Framework for the Micro-analysis ....................................................... 65 2.1 The symbolic power of words ........................................................................... 65 2.1.1 Notions of field, habitus and capital ............................................................ 69 2.1.2 Language as Capital........................................................................................ 70 2.1.3 The field of political discourse ...................................................................... 71 2.2 Discourse and Ideology in Critical Discourse Analysis ................................ 74 2.2.1 Coming to terms .............................................................................................. 74 2.2.2 Aims of Critical Discourse Analysis ............................................................. 77 2.3 News as ideological Discourse .......................................................................... 80 2.3.1 Ideological outsiders in British News discourse ......................................... 82 2.3.2 Berlusconi’s newspeak ................................................................................... 84 2.4 What is in an image? ........................................................................................... 85 4 2.4.1 You have been Framed ................................................................................... 87 2.4.2 Framing in News Narratives ......................................................................... 89 2.5 Closing remarks .................................................................................................. 91 3. Locating translation in global flows of news ..................................................................... 92 3.1 Perspectives on translation ................................................................................ 92 3.2 A Discipline is Born ............................................................................................ 93 3.2.1 New directions – where the cultural meets the social ............................... 96 3.2.2 Ideology and conflict in Translation ............................................................. 99 3.3 News Translation in a Globalized world ....................................................... 103 3.3.1 The Global and the Local in news production .......................................... 105 3.3.2 The name and nature of news translation ................................................. 107 3.4 Ideology, invisibility, and the ethics of recontextualization ....................... 112 3.4.1 Invisibility of translation and the translator in news contexts ............... 115 3.4.2 Political Discourse, news and translation .................................................. 116 3.4.3 National images in the news ....................................................................... 119 3.5 Concluding remarks ......................................................................................... 121 4. The Berlusconi years – 1994-2014 - a sociolinguistic, socio-historic overview ............ 123 4.1 One Nation, One Language? ........................................................................... 123 4.1.1 From Fascist rhetoric to the mass media – a linguistic miracle .............. 126 4.1.2 From youthspeak to rudespeak– innovation in Italian today ................ 130 4.2 Politichese, political language and the political scene ................................. 131 4.2.1 Political discourse – the roots ...................................................................... 131 4.2.2 Before the Cav ................................................................................................ 132 4.2.3 Bossi, his language, and his linguistic influence ...................................... 134 5 4.2.4 A new era and a new political rhetoric ...................................................... 136 4.2.5 Onto the pitch and into the political fray................................................... 136 4.2.6 Verbal vulgarities and the sleaze kicks in.................................................. 140 4.3 The Politically (in) Correct - comparative concepts of acceptability and unacceptability in public discourse .........................................................................
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