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Kevin Davies, Den Mänskliga Koden Noter & rättelser till Kevin Davies Den mänskliga koden Noterna till Den mänskliga koden kan laddas hem från http://www.norstedts.se/noter eller beställas kostnadsfritt per e-post till [email protected] eller per brev till Norstedts Förlag, Box , Stockholm. Märk mejlet eller brevet ”Noter till Den mänskliga koden”.Dessa noter får spridas och kopieras fritt om denna text framgår tydligt: © Kevin Davies . Norstedts Förlag, Stockholm ” ”: S. J. Gould, Introduction to A Bedside Nature: Genius and Eccentricity in Science, –, ed. W. Gratzer (New York: Macmillan, ). ” ”: W. Gratzer, Foreword to A Bedside Nature. : E. Davenas et al., ”Human Basophil Degranulation Triggered by Very Dilute Antiserum Against IgE,” Nature (): –;J. Maddox, J. Randi, and W. W. Stewart, ”’High-Dilution’ Experiments a Delusion,” Nature (): –. : J. D. Watson and F. H.C. Crick, ”A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid,” Nature (): –. : T. Siddique et al., ”Linkage of a Gene Causing Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis to Chromosome and Evidence of Genetic-Locus Heterogeneity,” New England Journal of Medicine (): –. Nature passed on publishing the report describing the localization of the ALS gene. The discovery of the mutated gene, ironically, the first gene ever isolated from chromosome , appeared in the journal two years later: D. R. Rosen et al., ”Mutations in Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Gene Are Associated with Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.” Nature (): –. : J. D. Watson, ”The Human Genome Project: Past, Present, and Future,” Science (): –. : A full meeting report appears in Nature Genetics (): –. : F. S. Collins, ”Positional Cloning—Let’s Not Call It Reverse Anymore,” Nature Genetics (): –. : K. Davies and M. White, Breakthrough: The Race to Find the Breast Cancer Gene (New York: Wiley, ). , :Ibid. : M. D. Adams et al., ”Complementary DNA Sequencing: Expressed Sequence Tags and Human Genome Project,” Science (): –. , , : L. Belkin,”Splice Einstein and Sammy Glick. Add a Little Magellan,” New York Times Magazine, August , ,p.; L. Roberts,”The Gene Hunters,” U.S. News & World Report, January –, ,pp.–; R. Preston, ”The Genome Warrior,” New Yorker, June , ,pp.–. © , ” ”: D. Kennedy, ”Coming Aboard,” Science (): . ” ”: N. Wade, ”Scientists Complete Rough Draft of Human Genome,” New York Times, June , ; F. Golden and M. D. Lemonick,”The Race Is Over,” Time, July , , pp. –. ” ”: E. Lander, Washington, D.C., June , .The quote is adapted from J. F. Crow,”Two Centuries of Genetics: A View from Halftime,” Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics (). : G. Mendel, ”Versuche ueber Pflanzen-Hybriden,” Verhandlungen Des Naturforschenden Vereines, Abhandlungen, Brunn (): –;V.Orel,Gregor Mendel: The First Geneticist (Oxford: Oxford University Press, ); R. Marantz Henig, The Monk in the Garden (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ). : A. E. Garrod, ”The Incidence of Alkaptonuria: A Study in Chemical Individuality,” Lancet II (): –. : S. Aparicio,”How to Count ... Human Genes,” Nature Genetics (): –. :.E. Lander, interview, Chevy Chase, Md., May . : C. De Lisi and D. Galas, ”The Legacy of the Human Genome Project: Some Lessons and Implications,” August , . Available at: http://www.Doubletwist.com : James D. Watson’s The Double Helix (New York: Norton, )—particularly this edition edited by Gunther Stent—is a remarkable account of the events leading up to the discovery of the structure of DNA, complete with original reviews and papers. Francis Crick’s What Mad Pursuit (New York: Basic Books, ) is less outspoken but provides excellent insights into the discovery of the genet- ic code. The indispensable history of this period is Horace Freeland Judson’s The Eighth Day of Creation (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ). Another good his- torical overview is The Path to the Double Helix by Robert Olby (New York: Dover, ). The best book about the politics behind the launch of the Human Genome Project is The Gene Wars by Robert Cook-Deegan (New York: Norton, ). Many books cover the science that led up to the launch, none better than Genome by Jerry Bishop and Michael Waldholz (New York: Simon & Schuster, ). : R. Dulbecco, ”A Turning Point in Cancer Research: Sequencing the Human Genome,” Science (): –. ” ”: Cook-Deegan, The Gene Wars. : P. Regan, Daily Telegraph,October , . : G. Petsko, ”The Grail Problem,” Genome Biology (). ” ”: R. C. Lewontin, ”The Dream of the Human Genome,” New York Review of Books,May , ,pp.–. : R. Shapiro, The Human Blueprint (New York: St. Martin’s Press, ). ” ”: I. Stewart, Life’s Other Secret (New York: John Wiley, ). ” , ”: M. Ridley, Genome (London: Fourth Estate, ). : Biographical details taken from D. Q. Posin, Mendeleyev (New York: Whittlesey House, ) and P.W. Atkins, The Periodic Kingdom (New York: Basic Books, ). © , : O. Sacks, ”Everything in Its Place,” New York Times Magazine, April , ,pp.–. : Reminiscence by the treasurer of the Chemical Society, T. E. Thorpe, Nature (): . ”- ”: E. S. Lander, ”The New Genomics: Global Views of Biology,” Science (): –. :Crick,What Mad Pursuit. ” ”: E. S. Lander, CNN, June , . ” ”: Cook-Deegan, The Gene Wars. -: B. D. Davis and colleagues, ”The Human Genome and Other Initiatives,” Science (): –. : N. Wade, ”A Founder of Modern Biology Shapes the Genome Era, Too,” New York Times,March , . In September , Brenner was named one of the winners of the Lasker Award (in prestige second only to the Nobel Prize). : S. Brenner, ”The Human Genome: The Nature of the Enterprise,” Ciba Foundation Symposium (): –. ” ”: J. D. Watson,”The Human Genome Project: Past, Present, and Future,” Science (): –. ” ”: M. Perutz, I Wish I’d Made You Angry Earlier (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ). : O. T. Avery, C. M. MacLeod, and M. McCarty, ”Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types. Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III,” Journal of Experimental Medicine (): –. : J. B. Leathes, ”Function and Design,” Science (): –. ” ”: M. McCarty, The Transforming Principle (New York: Norton, ); Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation. ” ”: McCarty, The Transforming Principle. ” ”: Ibid. ”, ”: Olby, The Path to the Double Helix. : S. Brenner, ”How the Quest Was Won,” Current Biology (): R. ”, ”: F. Jacob, The Statue Within (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ). ” ”: Perutz, I Wish I’d Made You Angry Earlier. ” ”: Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation. ” ”: Watson, The Double Helix. ” ”: Ibid. ” ”: Ibid. ” ”: S. Brenner, Outstanding Papers in Biology (London: Current Biology, ). ” ”: Watson, The Double Helix. : J. D. Watson and F. H.C. Crick, ”A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid,” Nature (): –. : J. D. Watson and F. H.C. Crick,”Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid,” Nature (): –. ” ”: Watson, The Double Helix. © , : I. Gibson, The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali (London: Faber & Faber, ). : L. Roberts,”The Gene Hunters,”U.S. News & World Report, January , ,pp.–.. : Watson, The Double Helix. ” ”: B. Maddox, ”The Dark Lady of DNA?” Observer,March , . ” ”: C. Holden, ”Award to DNA Sleuth,” Science (): . : H. Zuckerman, Scientific Elite (New York: Transaction, ). ”, ”: S. W. Hawking, A Brief History of Time (New York: Bantam Books, ). ” ”: Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation. ””: Ibid. ” ”: J. Maynard Smith, ”Too Good To Be True,” Nature (): ;see also Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation. Crick’s argument went as follows: There are sixty-four pos- sible triplet arrangements of four letters. Crick discounted triplets of the same letter (e.g., CCC, GGG) because they could be read out of phase, which left sixty permutations. For any permissible triplet (e.g., ATG), two alternative orders would be disallowed (GAT, TGA). That allowed for twen- ty possible triplets, equal to the number of amino acids. ” , ”: Crick, What Mad Pursuit. : F. H.C. Crick, J. S. Griffith, and L. E. Orgel, ”Codes Without Commas,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. (): –. ” ”: Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation. : Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation;Crick,What Mad Pursuit. : F. H.C. Crick, S. Brenner, et al., ”General Nature of the Genetic Code for Proteins,” Nature (): –. ” ”: J. Maddox, Preface to Judson’s, The Eighth Day of Creation. ” ”: J. D. Watson, ”The Human Genome Project: Past, Present, and Future.” ”We need no more vivid reminders”: Ibid. : J. D. Watson, ”Too Many Naughts,” Nature (): . ” ”: B. D. Davis et al., ”The Human Genome and Other Initiatives,” Science (): –. ” -”: J. S. Jones, ”Songs in the Key of Life,” Nature (): . : R. Wright, ”Achilles’ Helix,” New Republic, July –, ,pp.–; also see S. E. Luria, ”Human Genome Program,” Science (): . ” ”: C. Ezzell, ”The Business of the Human Genome,” Scientific American, July ,pp.–. : R. Lewin, ”In the Beginning Was the Genome,” New Scientist, July ,,pp.–; Cook-Deegan, The Gene Wars. , ””, : L. Roberts, ”Why Watson Quit as Project Head,” Science (): –. : C. Anderson, ”Watson Resigns, Genome
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