1856-2006

edited by Ralf W. Schmitz

with contributions by:

GEORGES BONANI, GÜNTER BRÄUER, THORSTEN M. BUZUG, CRISTIAN CAPELLI, SUSANNE C. FEINE, URSULA FRANCKE, K. FELIX HILLGRUBER, JOSEF KLOSTERMANN, HEIKE KRAINITZKI, MATTHIAS KRINGS, SUSANNE C. MÜNZEL, MARIA OSTENDORF SMITH, SVANTE PÄÄBO, MARCIA S. PONCE DE LEON, WOLFGANG RÄHLE, RALF W. SCHMITZ, MICHAEL SCHULTZ, DAVID SERRE, FRED H. SMITH, FRANK TSCHENTSCHER, URSULA ZÄNGL, CHRISTOPH R E. ZOLLIKOFER

VERLAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN • MAINZ AM RHEIN JÜRGEN KUNOW Foreword

GABRIELE UELSBERG Greeting

NICHOLAS J. CONARD Greeting

RALF W. SCHMITZ Acknowledgements

RALF W. SCHMITZ The discovery of fossil man in the 18 and 19 Century

(Inaugural lecture at the Faculty of Geosciences at the University of Tübingen WS 2004 / 2005)

JOSEF KLOSTERMANN The Neander Valley and the environment of the

RALF W. SCHMITZ A romantic valley and a discovery that has changed the world

URSULA ZÄNGL Hermann Schaaffhausen (1816-1893) and the Neanderthal finds of the 19 Century

RALF W. SCHMITZ The rediscovery of the Sediments from the Neanderthal type specimen's site

SUSANNE C. FEINE The Sediments containing finds from the Feldhofer Kirche and Kleine Feldhofer Grotte in the Neander Valley. Analysis of the secondary stratification using GoCAD URSULA FRANCKE Modern pottery and iron objects from the debris of the Feldhofer Grottos

in the Neander Valley

WOLFGANG RÄHLE Shell remains from the new excavations in the Neander Valley,

SUSANNE C. FEINE The Upper Palaeolithic stone artefacts from the rediscovered Sediments

in the Neander Valley

K. FELIX HILLGRUBER The Middle Palaeolithic stone artefacts from the site in the Neander Valley

SUSANNE C. FEINE and K. FELIX HILLGRUBER The raw material of the Middle Palaeolithic and Gravettian stone artefacts from the 1997 and 2000 excavations in the Neander Valley SUSANNE C. FEINE and RALF W. SCHMITZ Three unusual cores from the rediscovered cave Sediments in the Neander Valley SUSANNE C. FEINE, K. FELIX HILLGRUBER, SUSANNE C. MÜNZEL and RALF W. SCHMITZ Evidences for the use of faunal resources in the recovered materials from the rediscovered cave sediments in the Neander Valley

HEIKE KRAINITZKI Status of the Neanderthal type specimen remains after the recovery of the finds in 1856 to 1995

FRED H. SMITH, MARIA OSTENDORF SMITH and RALF W. SCHMITZ Human skeletal remains from the 1997 and 2000 excavations of cave deposits derived from Kleine Feldhofer Grotte in the Neander Valley, Germany

THORSTEN M. BUZUG Computed Tomography - a tutorial for anthropologists

CHRISTOPH P. E. ZOLLIKOFER and MARCIA S. PONCE DE LEON Digital Neanderthals: a view on the first decade of research

MICHAEL SCHULTZ Results of the anatomical-palaeopathological investigations on the Neanderthal

skeleton from Kleine Feldhofer Grotte (1856) including the new discoveries from 1997/2000

RALF W. SCHMITZ Preservation of ancient DNA in the bone material of the Neanderthal type specimen

MATTHIAS KRINGS, CRISTIAN CAPELLI and FRANK TSCHENTSCHER Human evolution: Ques from Neanderthal mtDNA control region sequences - What's next? DAVID SERRE, RALF W. SCHMITZ and SVANTE PÄÄBO Genetic analyses of the Neanderthals from the Feldhofer Caves

GEORGES BONANI Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of Middle and

Upper Palaeolithic samples from the Neander Valley, Germany

GÜNTER BRÄUER The African origin of modern humans and the replacement of the Neanderthals

RALF W. SCHMITZ Neanderthal 1856-2006

RALF W. SCHMITZ 1856-2006