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JULY, 1914. PRICE, 25 CENTS A COPY $2.00 A YEAR hat •ihairectim • • •Iyitt • • From the decks of the Inter-Island steamers may be seen the water- falls on the Hamakua coast of Hawaii where every cane field comes down to the cliffs of the sea and sends its surplus water from the irrigation ditches cascading down to the depths of the gulches that extend up from the Ocean. .11,11,111.41,IMMIUM1,11,40144MPAMMIAMIMMAP,1 VIAX)P4,1,141,4),e,(MAINXIIP4MAT)41,1,11MROPMNAP Mff,114. The glid-Pacific Magazine CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD HOWARD M. BALLOU, Associate Editor NUMBER I VOLUME VIII CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1914. Our Art Gallery. m • • • .. • • Ocean Vegetables • • By Minnie Reed, M. S. New Zealand's Future - - - - - - 25 By A. W. Newson Hawaii's Tunneled River - - - - - - 33 By R. 0. Matheson China's Monte Carlo - - - - - - 37 By R. S. Baker Honolulu in Days of Yore - - - - - - 41 By J. W. Girvin Easter Island - - - - - - - - 47 By H. 0. Sandberg (of Pan-American Union staff) The Portuguese in Hawaii - - - - - - 53 By A. D. Castro Two Birds of Australia - - - - - - 59 By Mary Salmon The New Pearl Harbor - - - - - - 65 By A. P. Taylor The Road to Taal - - - - - - - 71 By Roy A. Wells The Hawaiian Home - - - - - - - 77 From Memoirs Bishop Museum Fishing With Birds at Night - - - - - 81 By H. G. Ostrander Sugar on Maui - - - - - - - - 87 By Kenneth Hunter Inter-Island Transportation - - - - - - 93 • • By James A. Kennedy • • Guide Book and Encyclopedia of Hawaii and the Pacific. The Mid-Pacific Magazine Published by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Honolulu, T. H. Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. Yearly subscriptions in the United States and possessions, $2.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $2.50. For all foreign countries, $3.00. Single copies, 25c. Entered as second-clasp matter at the Honolulu Postoffice. Permission is given to the Press to republish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine when credit is given Coconut Island, in the harbor of Hilo, is probably the most talked about bit of scenery in Hawaii. You can walk across Coconut Island in two minutes by the clock, but in all the Pacific there is probably no other such idyllic spot. In Australia, some of the most beautiful scenery is along the rivers. This scene is on the Tweed, a branch of the famous Murrum- bidgee, which has been dammed to provide among the mountains a series of bays almost as beautiful as Sydney harbour. ■ The pride of the Island of Oahu is the famous Nuuanu Pali or precipice, six miles from Honolulu. Beyond is the mountain peak of Lanihuli, a favorite point for Saturday trampers who easily scale the summit in search of the much-colored landshells. ■ III II 11 ■ • New Zealand is truly the land of the sky, Otago district being the world's wonder park of mountain peaks and valleys. Here we have a camping tourist gazing into the valley of the Maltarora. The Government Tourist Bureau is cutting trails to to all parts. ■ ■ Surf-riding from time immemorial has been the typical sport of Ha- waii. This picture shows how small a wave the boy of Hawaii needs to send his board speeding toward the shore. Sometimes waves rise above the head of the standing surfer, then he is happy. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ The Samoan is closely related to the Hawaiian and the Maori of New Zealand in language and custom; but in Samoa the primi- tive customs of the people have been retained, so that today the South Sea Islander of a thousand years ago may still be studied. I • ■ The oil wells of California have revolutionized traffic across the Pacific; for the largest steamers of the great ocean now use oil as fuel instead of coal, saving much more space for both cargo and passengers. The picture shows a gusher in southern California. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ This picture was taken by Dr. Sun Yat Sen while he was provisional president of the Chinese Republic. It shows a street scene in Nanking taken from the top of a bell tower. In the foreground may be seen the first flag of the new republic. ■ II On the Island of Maui, behind the old Hawaiian capital, Lahaina, the rich soil is cultivated right up to the base of the precipitous mountains which seem to rise from either cane fields, banana groves, or irrigated areas of taro, the native food of Hawaiians. ■ ■ ■ .■ N All Japan is beautiful, and the Hakone district is the most delect- able part of the Japanese fairyland. Lake Ashi here shown is surrounded by mountains, with Fujiiyama, the sacred peak of Japan ever in the background. It is a great tourist resort. ■ a ■ ■ Honolulu has its bits of beautiful architecture, not the least of which is the capitol building, once the royal palace of Queen Liliuo- Italani. The picture shows one of the arches of the building through which is seen the royal palms and banyan trees in the palace grounds. ■ ■ ■ A Every year the cruise to the Alaskan glaciers is becoming more and more the thing to do. A few days from Seattle and Vancouver in mid-summer and the vessel is in Alaskan waters amid floes and ice and big glaciers that thunder down into the ocean. ■ Even the Hawaiian women know every haunt of the fish on the reef, and they have taught the Chinese to get the fish as no white man ever learns. The waters of Kauai abound in the most gorgeously colored fish to be found anywhere in the world. M • • In the Philippines the mule is the particular friend of the native Filippino and of the soldiers. The picture shows a body of bluejackets sending a mule ashore for the service of the army in the Moro Province. ■ ■ ■ ■ A favorite food of the Hawaiian, limu, or seaweed, is gathered at the seashore where the coconut grows from the reef. The na- tive women wade out in the shallow water and gather the limu, though for some of the species they have to dive. The Mid-Pacific Magazine CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD VoL. VIII. JULY, 1914. NUMBER 1 The real Limu. Ocean Vegetables Bip MINNIE REED, M. S. I AWAII has nearly a thousand a meal without some kind of limu or miles of coast line ; as a con- seaweed, and even today no Hawaiian sequence the native Hawaiians feast is considered quite complete with- are skillful and daring fisher- out several varieties served as a relish men and sailors, as well as splendid with meats or poi. swimmers. The Hawaiians, like the Jap- Many tons of these seaweeds are anese, are fond of almost all the pro- gathered and eaten by the Hawaiians ducts of the sea, and, like them, prize annually, besides large quantities im- the seaweed very highly for food. ported from the Orient and San Fran- Ancient Hawaiians probably seldom ate cisco for the consumption of both the 2-M. P. 17 18 THE MID-PACIFIC Japanese and Chinese. The seaweed tractive algae were universally used sold in Honolulu alone amounts annually wherever and whenever it was possible to thousands of dollars. to secure them from the sea. The peo- Before the coming of the white man ple living in the mountain valleys used, to these islands the diet of the poorer in addition to marine alga, several kinds Hawaiians was largely poi, fish, and of the soft green fresh-water alga from limn. Even poi was scarce in times of the streams and ponds. Nothing edible, war or famine, and then the poorer fish- from tiny shellfish or minnows an inch ermen contented themselves with only long to great sharks, escaped the hungry fish and limu. Sometimes for weeks no Hawaiian fisherman. Likewise he gath- other vegetable food could be obtained ered seaweeds, large and small, and also but limu, which can be gathered all the the fine green algae of the fresh water year, except during very severe storms. to satisfy his hunger for vegetable food. Sweet potatoes, taro, and bananas could The limu had to take the place of all only be grown in the good soil, where green vegetables—as - onions, lettuce, there was plenty of rain or sufficient beets, beans, peas, etc.—as well as fruits, water for irrigation. Many of the fish- and must have helped very much to ing villages had no fertile land near vary the monotony of a diet of fish and them, so these people were compelled to poi, which were then as now the two go to the mountain valleys to secure all staple foods of the native Hawaiians. their food except what they fished from There are over seventy distinct species the sea. Until after the death of Kameha- of algae or limu used for food by the meha the Great (1819) women suffered Hawaiians. Of these seventy species not the death penalty if they ate bananas, more than forty are in general use. The coconuts, turtles, pork, or certain fish, so other thirty or thirty-five are used only that their diet was even more limited by a few people in certain small areas than that of the men. They must have where they are found in limited quanti- suffered greatly during times of famine ties. There are perhaps a dozen or and war, when their only food came more common species of alga, mostly from the sea. Before the coming of the marine, that are termed by the Hawai- missionaries there were no fruits except ians simply limu, or with some descrip- bananas, coconuts, and the mountain tive appellation. like limu make, meaning apple, and none of these were ever poisonous limo.

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