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The Hispanic Population: 2010 Issued May 2011 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-04

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The Hispanic Population: 2010 Issued May 2011 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-04 The Hispanic Population: 2010 Issued May 2011 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-04 INTRODUCTION By Figure 1. Sharon R. Ennis, This report looks at an important Reproduction of the Question on Merarys Ríos-Vargas, and part of our nation’s changing Hispanic Origin From the 2010 Census Nora G. Albert ethnic diversity. It is part of a series that analyzes population and housing data collected from the 2010 Census, and it provides a snapshot of the Hispanic or Latino population in the United States. Hispanic population group distributions and growth at the national level and at lower levels of geography are presented.1 This report also provides an Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census questionnaire. overview of ethnicity concepts and definitions used in the 2010 upon self-identification. The U.S. Census Census. The data for this report are based Bureau collects Hispanic origin informa- on the 2010 Census Summary File 1, tion following the guidance of the U.S. which is among the first 2010 Census Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) data products to be released and is pro- 1997 Revisions to the Standards for the vided for each state.2 Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity.3 These federal standards UNDERSTANDING HISPANIC mandate that race and ethnicity (Hispanic ORIGIN DATA FROM THE origin) are separate and distinct concepts 2010 CENSUS and that when collecting these data via For the 2010 Census, the question self-identification, two different questions on Hispanic origin was asked of indi- must be used. viduals living in the United States (see The OMB definition of Hispanic or Latino Figure 1). An individual’s response to origin used in the 2010 Census is pre- the Hispanic origin question was based sented in the text box “Definition of Hispanic or Latino Origin Used in the 1 The terms “Hispanic or Latino” and “Hispanic” are 2010 Census.” OMB requires federal agen- used interchangeably in this report. 2 The 2010 Census Summary File 1 provides data cies to use a minimum of two ethnicities: on detailed Hispanic origin groups (e.g., Mexican or Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Puerto Rican) and detailed information about race and tribes (e.g., Chinese, Samoan, or Choctaw). This Latino. Hispanic origin can be viewed as report discusses data for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data for Puerto Rico are shown and dis- cussed separately. For a detailed schedule of 3 The 1997 Revisions to the Standards for the 2010 Census products and release dates, visit Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity, <www.census.gov/population/www/cen2010/glance issued by OMB, is available at <www.whitehouse.gov /index.html>. /omb/fedreg/1997standards.html>. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU the heritage, nationality group, the growth in the total population lineage, or country of birth of the Definition of Hispanic or came from increases in those who person or the person’s parents or Latino Origin Used in the reported their ethnicity as Hispanic ancestors before their arrival in the 2010 Census or Latino.9 United States. People who identify “Hispanic or Latino” refers to their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or a person of Cuban, Mexican, More than half of the growth in the total population of Spanish may be any race. Puerto Rican, South or Central the United States between American, or other Spanish The question on Hispanic origin 2000 and 2010 was due to culture or origin regardless of was first introduced in the 1970 the increase in the Hispanic race. Census, and subsequently a version population. of the question has been included The Hispanic population increased in every census since.4 Spanish sur- by 15.2 million between 2000 name, place of birth, and Spanish create data for the OMB category of and 2010, accounting for over mother tongue responses were also Hispanic.7 half of the 27.3 million increase in used as identifiers of the Hispanic the total population of the United population in the 1970 Census and HISPANIC POPULATION States. Between 2000 and 2010, were the only Hispanic identifiers Data from the 2010 Census pro- the Hispanic population grew by 43 5 in prior censuses. Over the last vide insights to our ethnically percent, which was four times the 40 years the question on Hispanic diverse nation. According to the growth in the total population at origin has undergone numerous 2010 Census, 308.7 million people 10 percent. changes and modifications, all with resided in the United States on Population growth between 2000 the aim of improving the quality of April 1, 2010, of which 50.5 million and 2010 varied by Hispanic group. Hispanic origin data in the United (or 16 percent) were of Hispanic The Mexican origin population States, Puerto Rico, and the or Latino origin (see Table 1). The 6 increased by 54 percent and had U.S. Island Areas. Hispanic population increased from the largest numeric change (11.2 35.3 million in 2000 when this The 2010 Census question on million), growing from 20.6 million group made up 13 percent of the Hispanic origin included five in 2000 to 31.8 million in 2010.10 total population.8 The majority of separate response categories Mexicans accounted for about and one area where respondents three-quarters of the 15.2 million 7 There were three changes to the could write in a specific Hispanic Hispanic origin question for the 2010 Census. increase in the Hispanic population origin group. The first response First, the wording of the question changed from 2000 to 2010. Puerto Ricans from “Is this person Spanish/Hispanic/ category is intended for respon- Latino?” in 2000 to “Is this person of Hispanic, grew by 36 percent, increasing dents who do not identify as Latino, or Spanish origin?” in 2010. Second, from 3.4 million to 4.6 million. The Hispanic. The remaining response in 2000, the question provided an instruc- tion, “Mark ý the ‘No’ box if not Spanish/ Cuban population increased by 44 categories (“Mexican, Mexican Am., Hispanic/Latino.” The 2010 Census question percent, growing from 1.2 million Chicano;” “Puerto Rican;” “Cuban;” provided no specific instruction for non- Hispanic respondents. Third, in 2010, the in 2000 to 1.8 million in 2010. and “Another Hispanic, Latino, “Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Hispanics who reported other or Spanish origin”) and write-in origin” category provided examples of six Hispanic origin groups (Argentinean, answers can be combined to Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, 9 For the purposes of this report, the term Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on) and “reported” is used to refer to the response instructed respondents to “print origin.” In provided by respondents as well as responses 2000, no Hispanic origin examples were assigned during the editing and imputation 4 The Spanish origin question, now the given. process. Hispanic origin question, was originally 8 The observed changes in Hispanic origin 10 “People of Mexican origin” refers to fielded and tested by the Bureau of the counts between Census 2000 and the people who report their origin as Mexican. Census in the November 1969 Current 2010 Census could be attributed to a num- It can include people born in Mexico, in the Population Survey. It was later used in ber of factors. Demographic change since United States, or in other countries. This the 1970 Census of Population (5 percent 2000, which includes births and deaths in a holds true for all the detailed Hispanic origin sample). The Hispanic origin question has geographic area and migration in and out of groups discussed in this report (e.g., people been asked on a 100 percent basis in every a geographic area, will have an impact on the of Cuban origin, Salvadoran origin, etc). The census since 1980. resulting 2010 Census counts. Some changes question on Hispanic origin is an ethnicity 5 U.S. Census Bureau, 1979, Coverage of in the Hispanic origin question’s wording question and not a place of birth question. All the Hispanic Population of the United States in and format since Census 2000 could have Hispanic origin responses are based on self- the 1970 Census. Current Population Reports, influenced reporting patterns in the 2010 identification. Throughout this report, terms Special Studies, P-23, No. 82. Census. Additionally, changes to the Hispanic such as Mexican origin and Mexicans or 6 The U.S. Island Areas are the U.S. Virgin origin edit and coding procedures could have Cuban origin and Cubans are used inter- Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the impacted the 2010 counts. These factors changeably, and in all cases refer to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana should especially be considered when observ- ethnic origin of the person, not exclusively Islands. ing changes for detailed Hispanic groups. their place of birth or nationality. 2 U.S. Census Bureau Table 1. Hispanic or Latino Origin Population by Type: 2000 and 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, seewww.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf ) 2000 2010 Change, 2000 to 20101 Origin and type Percent of Percent of Number total Number total Number Percent HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN Total . 281,421,906 100.0 308,745,538 100.0 27,323,632 9.7 Hispanic or Latino . 35,305,81812.550,477,59416.315,171,77643.0 Not Hispanic or Latino . 246,116,088 87.5258,267,94483.712,151,8564.9 HISPANIC OR LATINO BY TYPE Total . 35,305,818 100.0 50,477,594 100.0 15,171,776 43.0 Mexican . .20,640,71158.531,798,25863.011,157,54754.1 Puerto Rican .
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