Made in Italy: from Agusta to the Finmeccanica Helicopter Division

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Made in Italy: from Agusta to the Finmeccanica Helicopter Division Made in Italy: From Agusta to the Finmeccanica Helicopter Division By Mauro Finati and Paolo Rollino AgustaWestland’s main plant in Vergiate, Italy, the company’s primary production and flight test facility. (All photos by the authors.) gustaWestland is one of the due to a sudden in‑flight failure; in 1913, (Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche most important helicopter Agusta started to work at the Caproni Meridionali) and SIAI (Società Idrovolanti Amanufacturers in the world today. aircraft factory. Immediately following Alta Italia). More than 4,800 AW rotorcraft take off World War I, he founded Costruzioni With the end of World War II, Agusta every day and the company has a full Aeronautiche Giovanni Agusta with found itself at an impasse, due to the order‑book for the next 30‑36 months; overhaul workshops at Tripoli and ban on Italy to produce aircraft. Taking 2014 data shows revenues of €4.4B Benghazi in Libya, and Foggia, Italy. advantage of the boom in the motorcycle ($4.9B) and a workforce of 12,850. Finally, in 1923, he moved to Cascina industry and the superiority of their own As the company is now in the midst Costa, a site close to the present day knowledge in mechanics, Domenico, of a name change (see sidebar), this Milan‑Malpensa Airport, article focuses on the past, present and which is still part of the future of helicopter production at the modern AgustaWestland company’s main manufacturing plant in production plant and Vergiate, Italy. helicopter test center. Giovanni died A Brief History of Agusta prematurely in 1927, and the company went under The Italian rotorcraft group traces the guidance of his wife, its origins to the beginning of the 20th Giuseppina, and his son, Century, when Giovanni Agusta designed Domenico. At Cascina and manufactured the AG‑1 in 1907, a Costa, Agusta expanded biplane glider that made its first flight its activity by producing towed by a car during a public parade aircraft licensed from at Capua. A few years later, in 1911, he Fiat (originally, Fabbrica invented the first drag chute in order to Italiana Automobili A hangar full of AW139s being checked out and awaiting flight be able to slow the descent of a plane Torino), Breda, IMAM testing. 32 VERTIFLITE March/April 2016 now alone at the head of the company, decided to establish a new company for the production and marketing of motor AgustaWestland is the Brand bikes. Thus, in February 1945, Meccanica inmeccanica is the leading There appeared to be a lot Verghera Agusta was born and would high‑tech industrial group of confusion in the press and the produce more than 30 different models. Fin Italy and a top 10 global public when Finmeccanica officially But MV Agusta owes its fame and company in the aerospace, defense announced the divisions — just as notoriety to its racing division: from 1952 and security sector. Finmeccanica most of Europe and North America to 1976 the racing team department was was established in 1948 as a holding were taking off for the Christmas be able to bring their riders — among company, itself a subholding holiday season — and said that them, Leslie Graham, Carlo Ubbiali, Gary for the mechanical industry of “AgustaWestland” would be renamed Hocking and the unparalleled Giacomo the state‑owned Istituto per la the “Finmeccanica Helicopter Agostini — to the top step of the podium Ricostruzione Industriale (“Institute Division.” The AgustaWestland 3,000 times, with 279 Grand Prix wins and for Industrial Reconstruction”); website was taken down and the 76 World Championships. better known as IRI, it was dissolved name was not evident on the Meanwhile, aviation activities at in 2000. The prefix Fin denotes a main page of the Finmeccanica Cascina Costa finally resumed in 1950 state‑controlled financial holding website. Eventually it was gleaned with the creation of a small series of company that gathered together that although the corporate biplanes. But it was two years later numerous smaller firms, with structure of AgustaWestland was that the company hit its turning point: Meccanica, Italian for “mechanics.” dissolved, the brand and the “AW” on Aug. 11, 1952, Domenico Agusta Finmeccanica has more than aircraft designation would remain. signed an agreement with the American 47,000 employees (about 37% (Speculation was that the AW139 company Bell Aircraft Corporation outside of Italy), and in 2014 recorded would be called the FH139 or F139, and undertook the challenge of the €14.6B ($16.4B) in revenues and etc.) future — to produce and sell helicopters. orders in the amount of €15.6B Despite this December On May 22, 1954, the first helicopter ($17.5B). The company is partially announcement, the transition built by the company — an Agusta‑Bell owned by the Italian government from a holding company had been 47G — took off from the Cascina Costa through the Ministry of Economy approved by its board of directors apron; only two years later, the 100th and Finance, which holds 30.2% of in September 2014, and discussed helicopter was delivered. Helicopter Finmeccanica’s shares. regularly over the last few months of production increased dramatically in The company reorganized on 2015. This past August, Finmeccanica the 1960s after signing agreements with Jan. 1, 2016 from a financial holding CEO Mauro Moretti noted that he US manufacturers Sikorsky, Boeing and group to a unified corporation, a had been streamlining the company Hughes Helicopters. significant change to its legal status since he took over May 2014. Defense Beginning in 1958, Agusta started in Italy. The individual companies News quoted him in August as saying, to design, develop and fly machines of in the holding group that were “I have got rid of 200 managers and its own: from the heavy A.101G to the 100% owned by Finmeccanica — chosen the 10 that I need.” smaller A.103, A.104, A.105 and A.106. AgustaWestland, Alenia Aermacchi, Another part of the “One The production remained limited to a few Selex ES, OTO Melara and WASS — Company” strategy is to rename prototypes, but these projects enabled were dissolved, while it retained Finmeccanica. Defense News also the company to develop a complete its parent company and corporate reported in October that Moretti and independent design capability. On headquarters functions for those stated that “Finmeccanica is an Aug. 4, 1971, a few months after Corrado companies that are joint ventures — obsolete name, we will truly change Agusta took over following the death ATR, MBDA, Telespazio and Thales it,” and that the company will be of Domenico, Agusta made the first Alenia Space — as well as the given a name evoking “the sense flight of its A.109 Hirundo (Swallow) — a wholly‑owned US subsidiary, DRS of deep roots and a great future.” twin‑engine, four‑bladed helicopter with Technologies, Inc. Moretti been expected to announce a innovative features and performance — Finmeccanica now operates as a new “short and memorable” moniker which went into production in 1975. This single company with seven divisions: to take effect January 1, but it was helicopter was an immediate success, Helicopters, Aircraft, Aerostructures, decided to move ahead first with the as it sold hundreds of aircraft, and is Airborne & Space Systems, Land & legal corporate changes. still in production 40 years later. Agusta Naval Defence Electronics, Defence So, bottom line: While engineers Bruno Lovera and Paolo Systems and Security & Information AgustaWestland is no longer Bellavita led the development of the Systems. The company now operates the name of a company, it is still A.109. [AHS would later bestow some of exclusively in the aerospace, defence the name of the brand of the its highest honors upon the two. — Ed.] and security sector, as a result of the Finmeccanica Helicopter Division, In the meantime, the factory disposal of non‑core business units which itself will soon be renamed. continued to produce hundreds of other (such as its AnsaldoBreda railcar Got it? helicopters, such as the Bell‑licensed company) that it completed in 2015. Agusta‑Bell AB 204, 205, 212 and 412 Vol. 62, No. 2 33 The three-engine 13 t (28,400 lb) A.101G was AgustaWestland carries out the integration The AW101 (originally the EH101) was a joint Agusta’s first indigenous design. It first flew in and final assembly of the ICH-47F Chinook for development between Agusta and Westland, October 1964, but was dropped in 1971. the Italian Army. and laid the groundwork for the eventual merger of the two companies. Huey variants and the 206 JetRanger; Agusta had to buy out the financial Eurocopter, Eurocopter Deutschland and Sikorsky‑licensed SH‑3D/HH‑3F interests of his brothers’ heirs. For this, Stork Fokker Aerospace — for the 11 t Sea Kings, and the Boeing‑licensed the Agusta family sold 51% of the (24,250 lb) NH90 military helicopter. CH‑47C Chinooks for domestic use, as company to government‑owned Agency well as international customers and for Financing of State’s Manufacturing Coming into Recent Times armed forces. Industry (EFIM), which aimed at A few years later, Agusta began to achieving an aerospace industry by In July 2000, Finmeccanica SpA develop a combat helicopter to meet acquiring various companies and placing and GKN Ltd. signed an agreement for the needs of the Italian Army. The A.129 them under its control in Cascina Costa. the merger of their helicopter industry Mangusta (Mongoose), the very first The new Gruppo Agusta was split into subsidiaries (respectively Agusta and attack helicopter to be designed and three divisions: the Aircraft Division, the GKN‑Westland Helicopters), creating built entirely in Europe, had its maiden Helicopter Division and the Aerospace AgustaWestland SpA. On May 26, flight on Sept.
Recommended publications
  • The Materials and Components for Missiles Innovation and Technology Partnership, MCM ITP Is a Dstl and DGA Sponsored Research Fu
    The Materials and Components for Missiles Innovation and Technology Partnership, MCM ITP is a dstl and DGA sponsored research fund open to all UK or French companies and academic institutions. Launched in 2007, the MCM ITP develops novel, exploitable technologies for generation-after-next missile systems. The MCM ITP aims to consolidate the UK-French Complex Weapons capability, strengthen the technological base and allow better understanding of common future needs. The programme manages a portfolio of over 100 cutting-edge technologies which hold the promise of major advances, but are still at the laboratory stage today. The MCM ITP is aligned into eight technical domains, each of which is led by one of the MCM ITP industrial consortium partners1. 1 The MCM ITP Industrial Consortium partners are: MBDA; THALES; Roxel; Selex ES; Safran Microturbo; QinetiQ; Nexter Munitions. Funding The programme is funded equally by the governments and the industrial partners and is composed of research projects on innovative and exploratory technologies and techniques for future missiles. There is strong participation from SMEs and academia with 76 participating in the programme to date, and a total of 121 organisations involved in the overall programme. With an annual budget of up to 12.5M€ and 30% of the budget targeted towards SMEs and Academia, the MCM has become the cornerstone of future collaborative research and technology demonstration programmes for UK-French missile systems. Conference On 21st and 22nd October 2015, DGA, dstl, MBDA and its partners will review the last two years of the MCM ITP programme, and present the technical advances that have been made possible thanks to this cooperative programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Italy at a Glance Materials to the Highest Levels and Hence “The 787 Represents Today the High Strategy
    “ Italy is an extremely important U.S. ally and a valued customer and industrial partner in both the commercial and defense markets.” – Rinaldo Petrignani, president of Boeing Italy PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: (Far left) A Boeing 787 Dreamliner flies above Rome’s Colosseum.BRANDON LUONG/BOEING; COLOSSEUM PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK; 787 DREAMLINER PHOTO: BOEING PHOTOS: (Above, from left) A 787 composite fuselage barrel is loaded into the Dreamlifter at the Alenia Aermacchi facility in Grottaglie, located in Italy’s Taranto province. ALENIA AERMACCHI Rinaldo Petrignani, president of Boeing Italy. BOEING (Left) A trio of Alenia employees work in the lower portion of a 787 barrel in Grottaglie. ALENIA AERMACCHI technological expertise in composite Italian Research Office near Naples. president of Business Development and Italy at a glance materials to the highest levels and hence “The 787 represents today the high Strategy. Italy is Boeing’s second-largest to become even stronger and more point of the intense relationship that Boeing supplier in Europe, excluding engine Official name: Italian Republic competitive as a global player in the has been able to develop with the Italian purchases, he said. Location: Southern Europe, a peninsula aerostructures industry.” air industry: a relationship which, as every “Italy represents both an important mar- extending to the Mediterranean Sea; Viva l’Italia Alenia also has made horizontal stabiliz- relationship, has also had its difficulties, but ket for our business units and an important neighbors include France, Switzerland, Boeing and Italy enjoy strong ties and Austria and Slovenia ers for the 787 in Italy, as well as radomes, which constantly proceeds and progresses industrial and research partner,” Hill said.
    [Show full text]
  • Singapore, 16 February 2012
    Farnborough, July 14, 2014 ATR: 144 firm orders, new sales record for the first half of the year The aircraft manufacturer has also taken options for 112 additional aircraft At the Farnborough Airshow, the turboprop aircraft manufacturer ATR this morning announced that it has taken firm orders for 144 aircraft (119 ATR 72-600 and 25 ATR 42-600), with options for 112 additional aircraft, since the beginning of the year. This year's contracts, of which many will be revealed during the week of the show, represent a total value of over US$3.45 billion (US$6 billion including options). These sales represent 150% compared to the total sales for the year 2013. They will allow ATR to further strengthen its leading position on the market for regional aviation, and thus confirm the predominance of turboprop aircraft, and particularly those of ATR, over short distances. Sales for the first half of the year highlight the appeal of the ATR '-600's for regional companies and the leasing company community, attracted by the economic and environmental performance of the aircraft, their technical reliability and their high standard of comfort. This year, the ATR '-600's have also passed the symbolic mark of 500 firm orders since their launch at the end of 2007. ATR's backlog currently stands at 325 aircraft to be delivered in the coming years, a new record, representing a value of US$8 billion. On the back of this sales performance in the first half the year, ATR has increased its end of 2013 backlog by around 45%, seeing production ensured for almost 4 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Eurofighter World Editorial 2016 • Eurofighter World 3
    PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES DECEMBER 2016 GROSSETO EXCLUSIVE BALTIC AIR POLICING A CHANGING AIR FORCE FIT FOR THE FUTURE 2 2016 • EUROFIGHTER WORLD EDITORIAL 2016 • EUROFIGHTER WORLD 3 CONTENTS EUROFIGHTER WORLD PROGRAMME NEWS & FEATURES DECEMBER 2016 05 Editorial 24 Baltic policing role 42 Dardo 03 Welcome from Volker Paltzo, Germany took over NATO’s Journalist David Cenciotti was lucky enough to CEO of Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH. Baltic Air Policing (BAP) mis - get a back seat ride during an Italian Air Force sion in September with five training mission. Read his eye-opening first hand Eurofighters from the Tactical account of what life onboard the Eurofighter Title: Eurofighter Typoon with 06 At the heart of the mix Air Wing 74 in Neuburg, Typhoon is really like. P3E weapons fit. With the UK RAF evolving to meet new demands we speak to Bavaria deployed to Estonia. Typhoon Force Commander Air Commodore Ian Duguid about the Picture: Jamie Hunter changing shape of the Air Force and what it means for Typhoon. 26 Meet Sina Hinteregger By day Austrian Sina Hinteregger is an aircraft mechanic working on Typhoon, outside work she is one of the country’s best Eurofighter World is published by triathletes. We spoke to her Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH about her twin passions. 46 Power base PR & Communications Am Söldnermoos 17, 85399 Hallbergmoos Find out how Eurofighter Typhoon wowed the Tel: +49 (0) 811-80 1587 crowds at AIRPOWER16, Austria’s biggest Air [email protected] 12 Master of QRA Show. Editorial Team Discover why Eurofighter Typhoon’s outstanding performance and 28 Flying visit: GROSSETO Theodor Benien ability make it the perfect aircraft for Quick Reaction Alert.
    [Show full text]
  • EFC JIP CBRN Workshop
    EFC JIP CBRN Workshop Finmeccanica areas of interest Michele Genisio Brussels - September 15, 2011 Contents Contents 1. Finmeccanica key data 2010 2. Proposed areas of investigation Commercial in Confidence 1 - Finmeccanica Key Data 2010 FY2010 FY2009 Net Profit 557 M€ 718 M€ Revenues € 18.695 m Order Intake 22,5 B€ 21,1 B€ Employees 75,197 73,056 R & D 2.0 B€ 1.98 B€ DEFENSE AND DEFENSE AERONAUTICS HELICOPTERS TRANSPORT ENERGY SPACE SECURITY SYSTEMS ELECTRONICS 2.809 M€ 3.644 M€ 1.962 M€ 7.137 M€ 1.210 M€ 1.413 M€ 925 M€ . Alenia Aeronautica . AgustaWestland . AnsaldoBreda . DRS Technologies . Oto Melara . Ansaldo Energia . Telespazio . Alenia Aermacchi . BAAC . Ansaldo STS . ElsagDatamat . WASS . Ansaldo Fuel Cells . Thales Alenia Space . SuperJet . BredaMenarini . Selex . MBDA . Ansaldo Nucleare Communications International bus . Selex Galileo . ATR . Selex Sistemi . Eurofighter GmbH Integrati 100% owned by Finmeccanica . Selex Service Management JVs Finmeccanica view Emerging requirements in the CBRN area: C and B detectors • Wide threat range • Speed of Response • Low Detection Levels • Threat Identification M&S of CBRN architectures • representing the whole process, from threat to recovery • enabling military-civil interaction • multi-threat scenarios. M&S of CBRN Architectures OBJECTIVES Modelling & Simulation of a CBRN Architecture representing: - Environment: both predictable (terrain characteristics, urban context, road network, etc) and unpredictable (crowd behaviour, humand behaviour, weather etc ) aspects - Responders:
    [Show full text]
  • The Alexandra Palace Sale an Important Single Owner Collection of Collectors’ Motorcycles
    The Alexandra Palace Sale An Important Single Owner Collection of Collectors’ Motorcycles Alexandra Palace, London | 23 September 2018 The Alexandra Palace Sale An Important Single Owner Collection of Collectors’ Motorcycles Alexandra Palace, London | Sunday 23 September 2018 at 14:00 VIEWING BIDS We regret that we are unable to ENQUIRIES ON VIEW accept telephone bids for lots with AND SALE DAYS Saturday 22 September +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 a low estimate below £500. +44 (0) 8700 270 090 09.00 to 17.00 +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax Absentee bids will be accepted. +44 (0) 8700 270 089 fax [email protected] New bidders must also provide Sunday 23 September To bid via the internet please visit proof of identity when submitting CUSTOMER SERVICES from 09.00 www.bonhams.com bids. Failure to do so may result Monday to Friday 08:30 - 18:00 in your bids not being processed. +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 SALE TIMES LIVE ONLINE BIDDING IS Sunday 23 September AVAILABLE FOR THIS SALE CASH LIMIT ACCEPTANCE Please see page 2 for bidder 14.00 information including after-sale Live online bidding is available for Following a review of its collection and shipment this sale and requires an additional procedures Bonhams will accept SALE NUMBER level of registration prior to being no more than £3,000 in cash from Please see back of catalogue 25250 approved to bid online. Please any purchaser. email [email protected] with for important notice to bidders “Live bidding” in the subject line CATALOGUE £25.00 + P&P no later than 48 hours before ENQUIRIES IMPORTANT INFORMATION (admits two) the auction to register for this Ben Walker The United States Government service.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Modern Control Laws for the AH-64D in Hover/Low Speed Flight
    Development of Modern Control Laws for the AH-64D in Hover/Low Speed Flight Jeffrey W. Harding 1 Scott J. Moody Geoffrey J. Jeram 2 Aviation Engineering Directorate U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center Redstone Arsenal, Alabama M. Hossein Mansur 3 Mark B. Tischler Aeroflightdynamics Directorate U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center Moffet Field, California ABSTRACT Modern control laws are developed for the AH-64D Longbow Apache to provide improved handling qualities for hover and low speed flight in a degraded visual environment. The control laws use a model following approach to generate commands for the existing partial authority stability augmentation system (SAS) to provide both attitude command attitude hold and translational rate command response types based on the requirements in ADS-33E. Integrated analysis tools are used to support the design process including system identification of aircraft and actuator dynamics and optimization of design parameters based on military handling qualities and control system specifications. The purpose is to demonstrate the potential for improving the low speed handling qualities of existing Army helicopters with partial authority SAS actuators through flight control law modifications as an alternative to a full authority, fly-by-wire, control system upgrade. NOTATION INTRODUCTION ACAH attitude command attitude hold The AH-64 Apache was designed in the late 70’s and went DH direction hold into service as the US Army’s most advanced day, night DVE degraded visual environment and adverse weather attack helicopter in 1986. The flight HH height hold control system was designed to meet the relevant handling HQ handling qualities qualities requirements based on MIL-F-8501 (Ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Navy Heavy-Lift Aircraft Options
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. This product is part of the RAND Corporation documented briefing series. RAND documented briefings are based on research briefed to a client, sponsor, or targeted au- dience and provide additional information on a specific topic. Although documented briefings have been peer reviewed, they are not expected to be comprehensive and may present preliminary findings. Assessment of Navy Heavy-Lift Aircraft Options John Gordon IV, Peter A. Wilson, Jon Grossman, Dan Deamon, Mark Edwards, Darryl Lenhardt, Dan Norton, William Sollfrey Prepared for the United States Navy Approved for public release; unlimited distribution The research described in this report was prepared for the United States Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • AMA FPG-9 Glider OBJECTIVES – Students Will Learn About the Basics of How Flight Works by Creating a Simple Foam Glider
    AEX MARC_Layout 1 1/10/13 3:03 PM Page 18 activity two AMA FPG-9 Glider OBJECTIVES – Students will learn about the basics of how flight works by creating a simple foam glider. – Students will be introduced to concepts about air pressure, drag and how aircraft use control surfaces to climb, turn, and maintain stable flight. Activity Credit: Credit and permission to reprint – The Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) and Mr. Jack Reynolds, a volunteer at the National Model Aviation Museum, has graciously given the Civil Air Patrol permission to reprint the FPG-9 model plan and instructions here. More activities and suggestions for classroom use of model aircraft can be found by contacting the Academy of Model Aeronautics Education Committee at their website, buildandfly.com. MATERIALS • FPG-9 pattern • 9” foam plate • Scissors • Clear tape • Ink pen • Penny 18 AEX MARC_Layout 1 1/10/13 3:03 PM Page 19 BACKGROUND Control surfaces on an airplane help determine the movement of the airplane. The FPG-9 glider demonstrates how the elevons and the rudder work. Elevons are aircraft control surfaces that combine the functions of the elevator (used for pitch control) and the aileron (used for roll control). Thus, elevons at the wing trailing edge are used for pitch and roll control. They are frequently used on tailless aircraft such as flying wings. The rudder is the small moving section at the rear of the vertical stabilizer that is attached to the fixed sections by hinges. Because the rudder moves, it varies the amount of force generated by the tail surface and is used to generate and control the yawing (left and right) motion of the aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 61.45
    Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 61 Vmcl Minimum Control Speed—Landing. 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and Vmu The speed at which the last main passing grades. landing gear leaves the ground. 61.37 Knowledge tests: Cheating or other VR Rotate Speed. unauthorized conduct. VS Stall Speed or minimum speed in the 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests. stall. 61.41 Flight training received from flight WAT Weight, Altitude, Temperature. instructors not certificated by the FAA. 61.43 Practical tests: General procedures. END QPS REQUIREMENTS 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment. [Doc. No. FAA–2002–12461, 73 FR 26490, May 9, 61.47 Status of an examiner who is author- 2008] ized by the Administrator to conduct practical tests. PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, 61.49 Retesting after failure. FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND 61.51 Pilot logbooks. 61.52 Use of aeronautical experience ob- GROUND INSTRUCTORS tained in ultralight vehicles. 61.53 Prohibition on operations during med- SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. ical deficiency. 73 61.55 Second-in-command qualifications. SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. 61.56 Flight review. 100–2 61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in com- SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. mand. 118–2 61.58 Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of an aircraft that requires Subpart A—General more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered. Sec. 61.59 Falsification, reproduction, or alter- 61.1 Applicability and definitions. ation of applications, certificates, 61.2 Exercise of Privilege. logbooks, reports, or records. 61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, 61.60 Change of address.
    [Show full text]
  • The Publisher Will Re-Type the Main Title, Author
    ITEC 2019 M-346 ITS Interoperability by Design ITEC 2019 – M-346 ITS Interoperability by Design Abstract — The world of military training is by nature conservative, typically customers planning future training systems base their ideas and expectations on how were trained. M-346 ITS design and development have been built around an innovative training paradigm where the Aircraft, the Ground Based Training Systems and the Interoperability functionality are strictly connected. Based on a number of developments and experiences, the user community is seeking to blur the boundaries to get more training value from an Interoperable System. Furthermore, the introduction of advanced Fighters (4th and 5th generation) implies a new Concept of Operations (CONOPS) of level of interoperability during training joint events. 1 M-346 Advanced Trainer Aircraft and LVC is definitively a System-of-System made by the Interoperability most modern system integration technologies and it is one of the core components of the ITS that includes real aircraft, simulators and additional training aids and The M-346 Advanced Trainer Aircraft has been ground/support stations. designed around the concept of interoperability, as a key factor in order to provide improved Teaching Besides, the M-346 ITS platform has been involved in Effectiveness capabilities compared to the other existing international Red Air missions achieving considerable trainer aircrafts, with the final aim to achieve the most success. cost effective training by downloading training tasks from 4th/5th generation combat aircraft. 2 M-346 ITS “Networked architecture design” starting from an advanced TNA Since the first design phases the Aermacchi M-346 has been considered not only as an aircraft but as a M-346 ITS was conceived around specific networked element of the Leonardo’s Integrated Requirements derived from a Training Need Analysis Training System (ITS); this also includes Ground Based (TNA) to fill the gap generated by new generation Training System (GBTS) and Mission Support Station combat aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Uk Dti-Report 2014.Pdf
    1 This is the second year that UKTI DSO has released defence and security export figures as ‘Official Statistics’. This year’s release has been compiled in conjunction with the BIS Statistics - Analysis team. The document takes into account feedback from readers via a User Engagement survey. Our defence statistics relate to sales to overseas Ministries of Defence and associated Armed Services. This makes them customer‐based, rather than product-based. Security data is provided by a contractor called kMatrix, under a multi-year contract to UKTI DSO. All the information collected on the defence and security markets is vital to our understanding of the shape of the market and trends. It helps UKTI DSO in targeting support to all sections of the defence and security industries. 2 3 The global defence export market in 2014 is estimated to be valued at more than £50Bn ($83Bn). In an increasingly competitive global export market, the UK’s defence export total of £8.5Bn in 2014 is a considerable achievement, particularly coming off the back of major platform exports in 2013. UK defence companies enjoyed global success throughout 2014. Selected UK defence wins included Trent 700 engines for A330 Multi-Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) aircraft to France; Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missiles (ASRAMM) to India and the ForceShield Integrated Air Defence System plus Starstreak Missiles to Indonesia. By geographic customer destination, the UK’s most important markets for defence and security exports were in the Middle East, North America and the Asia-Pacific. 4 Year-on-year, the global defence export market experiences peaks and troughs in response to fluctuations in defence spending levels, threat perception and national requirements.
    [Show full text]