I R S T L I G H T O F S T E P S A T M I H I N T L F F A E . T H E SA C RE D C I T Y O F A NURA DH A PURA

- WIT H FO RT Y SI X I LLUST RA T IO NS .

’ BRA M A C H A RI WA LI SI NH A I H H A R SC H A NDRA ,

H onora ry S ecreta ry of the M a ha - B odhi S oci ety a nd P resident of A nu ra dhapura

‘ R a wa n wel i D a a ba est ra et g R o ti on Soci y .

Pub shed b the A u hor at 44 Firs C ross S re C o o e mbo . li y t , , t t t , l

AII R h s R eserv d ( ig t e . ) C AP PE NT I E R

n d b t o h ar s om m d Pr e he C omb o A o ec e C an L e . i t y l p t i p y, i it 1 908. P R E FAC E .

N presenting this enlarged second edition , I am glad that I have realised my hope as expressed 1 904 in November , , in the preface to my first “ ” T h e S C A attempt of acred ity of nuradhapura , having 25 pages a n d five illustrations . T h e main object of this book is to make known to the world the true a n d most authentic history S C A of the acred ity of nuradhapura , that has been undergoing desecration at the han ds of misinformed f o ficials of the Governme n t of C eylon .

- T h e Buddhists of Asia love this holy C ity founded three ce n turies prior to the birth of Jesus C hrist . T hose people living in the remotest parts of the world who are interested i n antiquarian things and

A n d arch aeology visit this C ity . there is no other C ity upon the universe that has maintained its

as S C position a acred ity , replete with sacred objects of diverse kind , for a period of years , except

C B u ddh a sa sa n a this ity , the property of the , built

n n n n and mai tai ed by the S inhalese atio .

I have refrained from writi n g on the political

‘ C ity of Anuradhapura as it is still unex plored ; and I expect to publish a separate book on that subject after the C eylon Governme n t has caused the clearing

n C and excavatio of that buried ity, which deserves prompt attentio n from the Government . J udging from the words of H i s E xcellency S i r H enry M W M c C a l l u m i n i C , as reproduced the f rst part of hapter

n o t H i s E XIV . , I have the least doubt that xcel l e n c y will take immediate steps to discover the

C ity proper .

H i r A . w v a n I thank D r . C . e a t a a of C olombo for the assista n ce rendered by readi n g through the proof sheets and some portio n of the

a n d r H manuscript ; my thanks are due to M . arry D ias of Panadura for the readiness with which he has supplied me fu n ds to bri n g out this small volume .

W H A R I S C H A ND RA .

NI . . . H S d . r s . C B Q , olombo , 245 1 29th January 1 908

C O NT E T N S.

C H A PT E R . PA G E .

T H E F O R M AT I O N O F T H E M A H A M E O H A G A R D E N 1 2 I .

T H E FR I E N D S H I P B E T E E N T H E E M P E R O R I I . W A S O KA ' A N D K I N G D E VA N A M P I Y A T I S S A 3 4

T H E C O NVE R S I O N O F T H E I F L I I I . K NG O C E Y O N

T o B U D D H I S M 5 — 1 0

M I H I NT A L E 1 1 — 1 2 I V .

H E D E D I C AT I O N O F T H E M A H A M E G H A A R D E N V . T G

T O T H E S ANG H A 1 3 — 1 5

T H E D E M AR C AT I O N O F T H E LAND F O R M A H A V I .

S E E M A A N D T H E FI R S T B U D D H I S T P R O C E S S I O N I N C E YL O N 1 6 — 1 9

E T A B L I S H M E NT O F RE L I G I O U S C L L E G E 2 — V I I . T H E S O S 0 2 1

V I 1 I T H U PA R A M A D AO A B A 22— 28 .

1 X T H E S AC R E D B O D H I - T R E E S A N G H AM I T T A T H E R I . ,

A N D I S U R U M UN I V I H A R A 29 — 34

M I R I AW E T I D AG AB A A N D L O H A M A H A P R A S A X . S

D AYA 3 5 — 4 1

WE L I D A G A B A 42— X I . R UWAN 5 2

A B H AY AG I R I D A G A B A 5 3 — 5 X I I . 7

I JE T AW AN A R A M A A N D L A N R A R A M A D A G A B A S 58 — 6 XI I . 0

X I B D D H I S T R I E A N E S — V . U G V C 6 1 1 04

T H E O R E T o A D A R A A N D XV . J U N Y A N U R H P U T H E B E S T W AY T o S E E T H E S H R I N E S A N D R U I N S 1 05 — 1 3 0

I R E I R E D — A — XV . QU C O M M I S S I O N 1 3 1 1 3 2 AT E P L S .

F I R ST F L I G H T O F S T E P S A T M I H I NT A L E F R O NT I S P I E C E . T H I R D F L I G H T O F S T E P S A T M I H I NT A L E F A C I NG P A G E 1 M A H A S E Y A (C E L A C H E T I Y A ) 6 A M B A S T A L A D A G A B A 8 R A JA G I R I L E NA 1 4 T H U P A R A M A D A G A B A A N D D ALA D A M A L I G A WA R U I N S T H U P A R A M A D A G A B A A N D P I L LA R S O F M U R A G E (G u a rd - H o u s e ) P I L LA R S AT T H U P A R A M A S E C O N D E NT R A N C E O F B o - M A L U WA T H E S A C R E D B O D H I - T R E E I S U R U M U N I VI H A R A ( Pri o r t o R e sto ra ti o n ) I S U R U M U N I V I H A R A (A fte r R e sto rati o n ) M I R I S A W E T I D A G A B A PT R E A T M I R I A WE i D A A S C U L U ” S T GA B C h a pe l ) P I LL A R S O F T H E L O WA M A H A PR A S A D A Y A R U WA NW E L I D A G A B A A N D T H E M U R A G E (G u a rd - H o u s e ) S E C O N D E A S T E R N E NT R A N C E A T R A N XVI I . UW W E L I D A GA B A R UW A NW E L I D A G A B A — R E S T O R A T I O N WO R K R UWA N W E L I D A GA B A — S O UT H E R N S I D E W I T H S T O N E T A B L E T S (S u ppo se d) S T A T U E O F K I N G D UT UG E M U N U S T A T U E O F K I N G B H AT I Y A T I S S A A T R U W A N W E L I A B H AY A G I R I D A G A B A ( Pri o r to Re sto ra ti o n ) A B H A Y A G I R I D A G A B A ( P a rtly R e sto re d ) J E T A WA NA R A M A D A GA B A L A N K A R A M A D A GA B A G O V E R N M E NT M A R K E T A M I D S T S AC R E D S I T E S D H AT U M A N D E E R A S T O N E B A T H A N D B A S I N A S I G G A H A H A P I R I V E N A R UW A NW E L I D A G A B A — W E S T E R N VI E W ; M UT R A G A LA (Uri n a l Sto n e ) I M A H A PA D U M A P I R I V E NA A N D S U N H AT A XXX . P I R I V E N A P I R I V E NA E N T R A N C E G O V E R N M E NT B U N GA L O W A M I D S T S A C R E D S I T E S JA N I T O R S T O N E P O N D V E S S A G I R I C A V E S M O O N S T O N E A N D S T E P S S T O N E R A I L I N G S

K U T T A M - p O K U N A D A M A G E D S T A T U E O F B U D D H A M O O N S T O N E M I H I N D U G U H A A T M I H I NT A L E E x C O N T RA C T O R O F A R C H XE O L O G I C A L C O M ~

M I S S I O N E R .

C h ie f w it n e s s i n th e An u r dh u r ase ( ”a a p a C . ) “ C O N D E M N E D S T O N E S . . u H A R I S C H A N D R A A P R I S O N E R I N 1 903 ( F r o m a P h o to ta ke n r e c e n tl y to p u b l ish i n T h e S ac re d C ity o f T H E T R I A L O F H A R I S C H A N D R A A N D O T H E R S X LVI . AT T H E S P R E M E C O R T A N D Y U U , K

“ a red it ofA ur The S c C y n adhapura.

(

Cha er pt I .

T H E FO R MAT I O N O F T H E M A H A MBO -H A E GA R D N .

H O UG H ma n y attempts have . been made to r e - con struct the C ity of Anuradhapura a n drts n o e e ear c associatio s by means of m d rn r s h , hardly any writer has attempted to do so acC ording to the historical evide n ce i n M a h a wa n s d an d oth e r M rs al ki n dred records . ost of these autho have f i”ed to grasp the fact that there existed in the days of — r i n v i z . Anu adh a t r a antiqu ty two disti ct cities , p r the political C apital a n d A n uradhapura the S acred A s i t n C ity . is fou d absolutely necessary to supply the public with a n authe n tic record o f matters n S C A relati g to the acred ity of nuradhapura , we have u n dertaken to write the following with the hope that this book would e n lighte n its readers o n the history of a C ity held sacred by the Buddhist

- world for twenty two ce n turies . I n the year 1 76 afte 1 the pa r i n i bba n a of the M a iv i B . t 3 C . u s a . a. 68 Lord Buddha , , , succ eeded ’ ri P a n d u k a A w ho t rid e d his father , Ki g bhaya z é u the

n M ta iv w o c o - C A . u s ity of uradhapura King a ”h n z : i ' i i f' ti n u e d A nuradhapura as the C apitali of L aii‘k a T formed the M a h a m ég h a Pleasure Garden . his n n M a k a w mscz garde , accordi g to the , was thoroughly ador n ed with fruit a n d flower beari n g trees of every

descriptio n . J ust at the time when this beautiful

O n a c c o u n t o f i t s h a vi n g b e e n t h e s e ttl e m e n t o f P ri n c e A n u r a dh a a n d b e c a se w a s o n d e d n d e t h e c o n s e a o n A n a t h e C w a s u it f u u r t ll ti ur , ity c a e d A n a d n P n k a a h a d o a n z e d m n ll ur h a pura . Ki g a d u a A b h y rg i u i c i pa l e o m s i n a c i T e e e e 500 c o o e s to s c a e n e th e s e e s 200 r f r th t ty h r w r li v g tr t , a n e e 1 — c o o s 0 M h a n s a . 43 . 5 c e m e e c o o e s & c . a a v l tri li , t ry li , p B O F T H E M A H A M E G H A G A R D E T H E FO R M A T I O N N .

n n n garde was bei g laid out , an u seasonable heavy F fall of rai n took place . rom this circumstance the n M a ha m é h a n garde was called g , which de otes in S n n — i halese a heavy shower of rai (maha , great ;

S n . megha , hower of rai ) T his royal pleasure garden was situated -to the

south of the C ity a n d outside its limits . “ T h e stateme n t i n T h e R uined C ities of C eylon T n wn I n t n his garde , of t e ty square ”miles ex e t , i n — n was the centre of the royal city is i correct . Its author was committi n g a n error i n givi n g n a n n publicity to such a stateme t without y evide ce . T his is a poi n t of high importa n ce n o t on ly from an r h l i l r n a c ae o g c a but also from a eligious poi t of V iew . T h e fact that that delightful royal garden was situated outside the limits of the C apital is well established from the descriptio n s of the visit of the A b M n T A n great ra at ahi da hera to uradhapura , as well as from the various religious functio n s that were held T h duri n g the reig n of Ki n g D e v a n a m piy a T issa . e same fact is mai n tai n ed i n the records of the travels of that famous C hi n ese pilgrim F a - hian who visited n La ka years ago . M al w a tu K a da mb e O a or y , which is associated

A - n n with the history of nuradhapura , is a well k ow river a n d is looked o n by all those who visit A n u r a dh a n pura with great i n terest . It was origi ally called K a d m n n C a b e O y a . O accou t of its lose proximity it was r e - n amed M a l w a t u or the river — M a l wa tte bei n g the popular

E ngine Bli the ple asure garden . H erei t sh o ul d be n oted that it formed the eastern n bou dary of the garde n . It may be of i n terest to state that while in the n C S n n third ce tury before hrist , the i halese ki gs had formed besides the M a h a m ég h a Garde n a n other

‘ n N a n d cm a n n C garde called , adjoi i g the apital , the British Gover n me n t of C eylo n i n the twe n tieth ce n tury has failed to keep up the A n uradhapura

botan ical garde n s ope n ed about fiftee n years ago . Cha er pt II .

T H E F R I E N D S H I P B E T W E E N T H E E M P E R O R A S O KA A N D KI N G D E VA NAM P I Y A T A I S S .

D N the year 3 09 B C . e v a n a m piy a T issa the seco n d s o n of King M u ta s iv a was i n stalled the A M o n arch of La n ka . t that time the E mperor Asoka the ruling sovereig n of I ndia was doing his best to propagate Buddhism throughout the world . T h e reig n of the great E mperor was a n epoch i n the history of Buddhism . T h e reig n of King D e v a n a m piy a T issa was marked by a n u n pa r a l e l l e d discovery of pearl s and a n d the most valuable sapphires , rubies other n H n n precious thi gs . avi g co sidered that the fittest perso n to receive these precious jewels was that E n n illustrious mperor of I dia , the ki g decided to n send them as prese ts to him . T hough they were n n n T h o frie dly terms they had ever met . e n n n v i z z — l A r itth a ki g appoi ted four e voys ; ( ) , the C M n 2 M M n hief i ister ; ( ) alla , the i ister of S tate ; 3 T A a n d 4 n ( ) issa , the chief ccountant ; ( ) a lear ed

n . Brahma Besides those valuable gifts , three royal C hariots and a cha n k with the whorls to the right n n were also e trusted to the e voys , who , attended by n A a n d a large reti ue , started from nuradhapura arrived at the port k n own by the n ame of D a m ba k ol a a tz m a w a s t p , which probably si uated near n n T o n moder Jaff a . here they embarked board ’ a n d T a m a l z fi ti a n n a vessel reached g , a cient port in n t o H o n Be gal the west of the ugli river , the n seve th day . T h e envoys further travelled a n other week by la n d before they arrived at the palace of B 2 Y I A 4 E M P E R O R A S O KA A ND K I NG D E V A NA M PI A T S S .

E A P the mperor soka , which was situated at atali * n putta (prese n t Pat a) . T h e ambassadors of C eylon delivered the royal presents to the emperor who accepted them with

high appreciatio n . I t is said that the emperor n o t fi n d i n to e u al could treasures his vast empire , q H n those received from La n ka . e co ferred high ranks o n the ambassadors a n d immediately ordered his officers to provide them with all the necessary T n i n n n comforts . hey sojour ed I dia for five mo ths n n before they retur ed to C eylo . T h e emperor gave i n return the following prese n ts to the C eylo n envoys to be taken to their z — C h ow r ie fl fl king (royal y apper) , diadem (sword

of state) , pair of royal golden slippers , head n n n n n n or ame t , golde anoi ti g vase , sa dalwood , royal

n n n - towel , oi tme ts for the body , aru a coloured clay ,

A n o ta tta - n n water of lake , right ha d cha k , water of n n n Ga ges , a royal virgi , su dry golden vessels , costly h owda a n d 1 60 , medicinal fruits drugs , loads of hill n n n paddy and a complete reti ue of royal atte da ts . I n additio n to those varied presents the emperor sen t n n n a s e c i a l v i z : a letter co tai i g p gift of pious advice , I h a ve ta k en r e u e i n th e L or d B u ddh a H i s f g , D oc tr i n e a n d H i s D i sc ip l es ; I h a ve a vowed mys elf a d e votee i n th e n obl e r el ig i on of th e i l l u s tr i ou s cen a n u l er o m en " i mb u i n u r des d t of S a hya . R f g y o m i n d wi th th e c on vi c ti on of th e tru th of th e h ig h es t su bl i m i t o th e T r i l e Gem m a ou a l so ta k e r e u e y f p ”, y y f g i n hi s h l i n t p a t of sa va t o . T h e King of C eylon was delighted with this gracious letter and the prese n ts he had received i n n H retur from the emperor . e treated his loyal ambassadors with due recognitio n of their successful n n missio by c o fe r r mg on them high ranks of honour .

D u pl e i x th e F r e n c h M a il S te a m e r c o n ve y s a pa s s e n g e r fro m C o om b o t o C a c a i n s i x d a T h e d a n c e o m C a c a t o P a n a i s l l utt y s . i st fr l utt t 332 m e s b R a il y ilwa y .

V N F T H E I NG O F C E LO N T O B D D H 6 T H E C O N E R S I O O K Y U I S M .

Accordingly the king , who was ignorant of the A r a h a ts n arrival of the on the mountai , with a n retinue of thousands started for an elk , hu t M n and entered the forest at ihi tale . I n the course of the pursuit of game he gave chase to an elk that climbed up the rock a n d the king C ha si n g the animal had to reach the very summit of M ihin A r a h a t s n H tale where the were taki g rest . e lost . sight of the elk and his attentio n was keenly drawn n of M n T by the most serene appeara ce ahi da hera . T h e ki n g was s u rpr i s e d a t the unexpected sight of n n T h an u n know perso age in the solitary forest . e T great hera , who had foreseen that the king would n come there , was highly pleased at meeti g the

M onarch of Lanka . T h e T hera seeing that the king was i n a state of “ ”

n T . T h e co fusion said to him , come hither , issa n n king , who knew that there was no e in his domi ion to address him in that manner , thought that it was a spirit that addressed him in a disrespectful strain . T h e T hera co n sideri n g that the ki n g should i n n forthwith be corrected his erro eous impression , said We are the mi n isters and disciples of the Lord of the T rue Faith ; i n compassion towards you” h n n O " . Ki g , we have repaired hither from I dia T n a a n d hese words relieved the ki g of his fe r , recolle cting the letter he had received recently from E n his friend the mperor of I ndia , was co vinced that T h they were the holy ministers of Buddhism . e king layi n g aside his bow and arrows a n d such other r h n weapons approached the A a at s a d sat by them . M ahi n da T hera with a View to concen trate the thoughts of the king asked several questions w hich run as follows

— T H E R A . O ki n g wh a t i s thi s tree (poi n ti n g a ma n g o tre e) c a ll ed?

I NG . I t i A mba K s c a ll e d ( man g o) tr e e .

— T H E R A . B e s ide s thi s o n e i s th e re a n y o th e r m a n g o tr e e ?

I NG . T e n m n K h re a r e m a y a go tre e s .

- T H E R A . B e s i de s thi s m a n g o tre e a n d th o se o th e r m a n g o t ree s a re th e re a n y o th e r tre e s o n e a rth ?

T H E C O NVE R S I O N O F T H E I NG O F C E LO N T O B U D D H I S M ' K Y . 7

L o d " e e a re m an s e r n K I NG . r th r y tree ; but th y a e o t ma ngo tre e s . — B e s de s th e o e m a n e e s a n T H E R A . i th r go tr d th e tr e e s th a t a re? n ot m a n o i s e e a n o e e e g , th r y th r tr

NG . a c o s L o d Y e s s m a n K I G r i u r " thi g o tre e .

R A — R f m e n " o a n T H E e o Y u re a se . . ul r wi ki g

T H E R A — G e a n H a e o u e a o n s . r t ki g v y r l ti

L d I e m n o a a . KI NG . r h v y

T H E R A — A r e e e a n e so n s wh o a r e n o t o e a o n s ? . th r y p r y ur r l ti

m a n N . Y e s e e a r e . KI G ; th r y

T H E R A — B e s de s o e a o n s a n d o s e wh o a re n o t o r . i y ur r l ti th y u r e l a ti o n s i s th e re a n y o th e r pe r so n .

L d T e e i s a n d a i s m se l . I N G . o 1 h th t K r r , y f

— m a " u re s m e n a o u Y a e . T H E R A . R e o f b e o ul r , y y h ppy wi T h e royal Apostle having thus tested and n sharpened the i tellectual capacity of the king , delivered a sermon entitled C h u l a h a tth ipa d apa m a

S u tta .

A n 27th brief account of this sermo , which is the M a i m a Ni k a a M n T of the jj y , delivered by ahi da hera S n M n n to the i halese o arch for the first time , ru s thus At a certain time whe n the Lord Buddha was e taw a n a M S aw a tthi residing at the J onastery in , a n n historic city in I ndia , a wealthy Brahma amed Ja n u s so n i was i n the habit of driving about i n his n n chariot white in every respect . O e day meeti g a Buddhist pilgrim whos e n ame was Pil o tik a Va c c h a a n a n n w a s y , he questio ed him whe ce he n comi n g . T h e pilgrim a swered that he was return n ing from the M o n astery of the Blessed O e . O n being further questioned what he thought of the ‘ H e wisdom of the Buddha , whether was all wise , he said that o n ly a Buddha could kn ow the depth of

; T the , wisdom of the Buddha hen the Brahman “ said - why do you praise H im so much P A n d what ( n alit have you n oticed i n H im to be so devoted to fi 1 m y

— T h e pilgrim answered j ust as a n elepha n t - trainer w ould understand by seeing a large foot - pri n t of an F H E I NG O F C E LO N D D H I S M 8 T H E C O NV E R S I O N O T K Y T O B U .

“ l e lephant that it was a mark left by a big e ephant , n H i s s o I am co vinced of the truth of the Buddha , Doctri n e a n d H i s O rder by observing four foot prints ; v i z — certain S hatt -riya pundits specially n h n versed in co troversy , after aving studied a umber n n B l e s se O n e a n d of questio s , we t to the d opened a c ontroversy with the object of defeati n g H im ; the H i r esult was that they became s lay followers . C ertai n Brahman pundits with similar qualifications T he made a similar attempt with the same result . i de n tical thi n g happened to a certai n party of

A n d n n - G rah a pa ti pu n dits . certain o Buddhist r e cluses versed in co n troversy made a n attempt to defeat the Buddha who co n verted them - all a n d they

joined H i s O rder . By virtue of the noble T eachi n gs o f the Blessed O n e all those B hikk h u s attai ned the highest bliss a n d declared that if not for H i s

D n . octri e , their lives would have been worthless T h e Brahman Ja n u s so n i thereupon visited the Buddha a n d repeated to H im his whole conversation w ith the pilgrim Pil o tik a ; whereupo n the Buddha replied that the parable of the elepha n t foot - pri n t was not completely carried through and proceeded o n n with the expla ation , a summary of which is as follows : “ Brahma n " A n expert elepha n t - trai n er would not j udge the size of the elepha n t merely by looki n g

- n n at the foot pri t , because there are certai small she - elepha n ts whose feet are large ; but would follow up the track and on seeing a lot of j ungle trampled n n ot n dow , he still would come to the co clusion that it must be a mighty elephant ; but whe n at last he sees high - lyi n g branches broken off and sights n b e n the elepha t himself , then is convi ced that the foot - pri n ts he has been following belo n g to this n I h " . n O mighty elepha t the same way , Brahman a house - holder liste n i n g to the discourse of the a n Buddha is converted . H e joins the O rder d B hik H e follows the life of a kh u . now fulfils the H n duties of a member of the H oly O rder . e abstai s

' F H E I NG O F C E Y LO N T O B U D D H I S M I O T H E C O NVE R SI O N O T K .

I n this st a te of mind he then remembers many past existences a n d destructions a n d re n ovations

T 1 - n of the world . his also s called a foot pri t of the

A n d 1 n n . Buddha . still the disciple s u convi ced H e then directs his atte n tio n to the appeara n ce n n and disappeara ce of all bei gs , how they are born in different co n ditio n s a n d with different characters and the different states i n which they are reborn

according t o their deeds . T his also is called a

- A n d foot print of the Buddha . the disciple is still n n unco vi ced . T hereupon he directs his atte n tion to the Four Noble T ruths ; viz — l S ufferi n g 2 T h e cause of sufferi n g ; 3 T h e cessation of sufferi n g a n d 4 T h e f n path leading to the cessation of su feri g, which is

n n - k ow as the Noble E ight fold Path . T his is also

- called a foot print of the Buddha . Yet the disciple n is unconvinced . But he is coming ear the goal . F o r n n , seei g all this , his mi d is delivered from lust , desire for existence a n d illusion ; and the kn owledge rises withi n him that his work has been accomplished

. T and there is no more rebirth for him . his is also

- A n d n . o w called a foot print of . the Buddha the holy disciple is fully co n vinced that the Buddha is wi se th at H i s D n all , octri e has been well proclaimed and that the members o f H i s O rder have been well n trai ed . T hus ends the comparison with the elephant

- foot print . At o the close of this discourse of the L rd , the Brahman Ja n u s so n i became a lay follower of the

Buddha . T h e King of La n ka and his thousands of atte n d ants liste n ed t o . the i n teresti n g discourse delivered by M ahi n da T hera and at its co n clusion embra ced

Buddhism . I n that ma n n er King D e v a n a m piy a T iss a was

- n converted to Buddhism , which , at the prese t time , t o ft he is accepted as the rue religion by , one third t popula ion of the world . Cha er IV pt .

M I H I N T A L E .

' H I S m o st hi sto ric rock is situated at a distance A of eight miles to the east of nuradhapura . T h e most promi n ent spot o n this rock is the A mba s ta l a n place known as , the name havi g been der i ve d fr o m the mango (amba) tree which stood there n M a n d w he the holy ministers visited ihintale , which was the first object of co n versation betwee n the T hera T hi s ide n tic a l a n d the king . spot is now marked by an edifice called Amb a stal a D agoba which enshrines A b M n T the relics of the great ra at ahi da hera , the i n fou n der of Buddhism the I sland of C eylon . T his D h agoba , thoug small in size , is the best preserved structure at M ihi n tale . I t was built duri n g the 2 T h U t ti a 75 B C . e n reign of King y , octagonal sto e pillars with sculptured capitals are some of those that supported the roof that had bee n erected over the S tupa (D agoba) . ' Within a few fathoms from that S tupa there stan ds what is called M a h a say a which enshrines the i n Ur n a r om a relic of the Buddha . It was built that n D e v a n am i a T illustrious reig of King p y issa . C o n sidering the size O f the remai n s of this sacred edifice it may be mention ed that it had been a huge

D agoba at first . Amongst other interest i n g thi n gs at M ihintale there is a pool hew n out o”f t h e solid rock beari n g P o k u n a fi v e the name Naga , on account of the hooded cobra— Naga— carved o n the rock ' which overhangs the eastern side of the pool . It holds n w ample water , and even duri g the hottest eather a n T n has adequate supply . here are two excelle t sto n e i n scriptions placed in erect at titude at the western foot of the rock and every visitor to

M ihintale should not miss seei n g them . M I H I NT A L 1 2 E .

T h e top of Mihintale is the place where the D octri n e of Buddha was preached for the first time to the S i n halese people a n d it was there that the Buddhist monks i n Lan ka were provided with abodes to pass the first wa ss (rai n y) season after the n n establishme t of Buddhism in the I sla d . T h e stairway that leads from the ground to the top of the lofty mountain is most admirably a n d scientifically laid with sto n e steps whose symmetrical a rra n gement e n ables the weakest pedestria n to

a n . T h e sce d the rock with ease and comfort skill , n n n i ge uity , devoted ess and all such distinctive C haracteristics of the an cie n t S inhalese could be ’ very well recalled to one s mind by thinki n g over M n the various works at ihi tale , which rises a thousand feet from the plain below . It is needless to say that this spot has been visited by thousan ds t of pilgrims and touris s annually since 308 B C .

F a - H C ian , the famous hinese traveller , writes thus Forty l i to the east of Abhaya (giri) Vihara is * o n P o - a mountain , which is built a chapel called ti ; n A n there are about two thousa d priests in it . mo gst them is a very disti n guished S h ra m a n a called r m T h D h a r m ak o ti or D h a a g u pta . e people of this n H country greatly respect and revere ce him . e resides m a cell , where he has lived for about forty n n n years . By the co stant practice of be evole ce he n n a n d has bee able to tame the serpe ts mice , so that i n they stop together one cell , and do not hurt one n a other . T h e t M n summi of ihi tale , which was in the days o f antiquity a hive of cells , rooms and so forth , has n ow n n w n n two i significa t d elli gs , havi g three or

B hik kh u s c o - n four , who , with the operatio of a pious U a sak a n p , are improvi g the holy place out of the n collectio s received from the pilgrims .

H e re C h a pe l o ug ht to b e c o n s i de re d a s a word de n oti n g a l a rge c o e c o n o f a b o d e s ll ti . Cha er pt V .

T H E D E D I C AT I O N O F T H E M A H AM E G H A C GA R D E N T O T H E S A N G H A

N that full - moon day whe n Ki n g D e va n a mpiy a T issa became a co n vert to Buddhism he i n vited

the A r a h ats to visit the C ity . But as night ' n was drawing ear , the king with his followers return ed to the C ity without them . E arly in the morn ing of the following day th e king sent his mi n isters to M ihi n tale to escort the

A r a h at s i n the state C hariot . T h e holy Apostles havi n g decli n ed the use of the C hariots arrived mira c u l o u sl y at the spot to the south of the C ity where ra m a D n the T h u pa agoba was subseque tly built . T h e pious mo n arch havi n g come to that spot paid due reveren ce to the A r a h a ts ; and receiving n T from the ha ds of the chief hera his bowl , he conducted them i n to the C ity where a specially canopied and elaborately decorated hall was prepared withi n the premises of the palace . T here they n n seated themselves in order of se iority , whe the n n ki g perso ally served them with the best of food . At the conclusio n of the repast the king sat by the A ra h at s P n A n and sent for ri cess ula , the consort of

M ah a n a a - n h n . S e his you ger brother g , the sub ki g ,

fi v e - i n with a retinue of hundred ladies , appeared the hall and after havi n g paid due respect to the A ra h at s took her seat . T h e ve n erable M ahinda T hera delivered three n T h e sermo n s o n that occasio . princess and h e r atte n dants ha ving comprehended the T eachi n gs of the Lord Buddha attai n ed the first stage of sancti fi c tio n — a i a S ota p tt . T h e town - folk havi n g heard of the arrival of

. M these blessed inisters , began to assemble at the H E M A H A M E G H A G A R D E N T O T H E SA N I 4 T H E D E D I C A T I O N O F T G H A .

palace a n d whe n the royal . premises were over n crowded , the ki g caused the more spacious stables n of the state elepha ts to be immediately prepared . T h e A r a h at s were co n ducted thither a n d the C hief T hera delivered his fourth sermo n to the immense

At n w a s . fo n gatheri n g . the close of the sermo it u d necessary to fi n d more accommodation for the fresh crowds that thronged i n from different quarters ; the o n ly altern ative being to have an ope n air meeting the A r a h at s were conducted to the Na n da n a Garde n where thousands of people g ath e r e d to g e th e r in the even i n g to hear the fifth sermo n for the day delivered by M ahinda T hera . ’ After a most successful day s w o r k th e A r a h ats M wanted to start for ihintale to pass the night there , a n d j ust at the momen t of their departure the ki n g i n terve n ed a n d begged of them to stay at Nan dana n n T O n Garde whe the chief hera said , account of its immediate proximity to the C ity it is not ” “ T h n n h z — co n venie n t . e ki g rejoi ed t u s T h e Pleasure Garden M a h a m égh a formed by my father is n either very dista n t n o r very n ear ; it is a delightful place well provided with shade and water ; it is ’ worthy of Your Lordships residence ; I b”eseech h Your Lordships most earnestly to stay there . T e A r a h at s n n n havi g co se ted to go there , they were e scorted to the M a h a m ég h a Garde n by the ki n g n A n n perso ally . appropriate spot was well fur ished with beds a n d other n ecessary thi n gs for the holy M n n i isters . It was to the east of that ide tical spot that the sacred B o - tree was pla n ted a few mo n ths

later . I n n n n n the early mor ing , the ki g taki g fragra t flowers with him visited the A r a h a ts a n d havi n g show n the highest ve n eratio n to them e n quired after h their health . T e ki n g who was much pleased b e c ause the A r a h a t s had passed the n ight i n his famous n : P n n n n garde , said I s the leasure Garde a co ve ie t ” “ n ? T h e C T We place of reside ce hief hera replied , have fared well ; the Pleasure Garden is co n venie n t

Cha er pt VI .

T H E D E MA R C AT I O N O F T H E LA N D F O R MA H A S E E MA A N D T H E F I R S T B U D D H I S T E E P R O C S S I O N I N C YLO N .

N the third day si n ce the arrival of the A ra h ats at A n uradhapura the C hief T hera delivered At n . C n th e two sermo s the lose of the seco d , pious ki n g inquired thus : R n T b Lord , is the eligio of the athagata esta lished ? in the I slan d of C eylon

- O n " e n fo r t h e o se o f e o m n th T H E R A . e ki g wh , p ur p p rf r i g u osa tha a n d o th e s e c a t e s o f th e Sa n ha p r p i l ri g , gro u n d h a s b e e n d uly m a rk e d o u t a c c o rd i n g to t h e e s e sc e d t h e L o d B dd a e n th e ea rul pr rib by r u h , th gr t R e ligi o n will h a v e b e e n e s t a bli s h e d . I NG 1 m c o n n e i n t h e o s e a n c e o f th e e a t K . will fir ly ti u b rv gr R e o n e e o e m a L o d s b e e a s d ligi ; th r f r y Yo ur r hi p pl e n a t o i n c lu d e withi t h e s m e gr o u n d t h e C a pit a l it s e lf . I b e s e e c h Y o ur L o rd shi p to d e fi n e t h e b o u n da ri e s of h t e s a m e with o ut d e l a y . — T H E R A . R e o f th e a n d " s c e n o e a s e o u ul r l u h b i g y ur pl ur , will y pe rs o n a lly p o i n t o u t th e d ir e c ti o n t h e b o u n d a ry li n e

s d a k e we c o n s e c a e t h e o n d . h o ul t ; will r t gr u

T h e ki n g havi n g assen ted to the wishes of the T n n noble hera , caused elaborate arra geme ts to be n a n d n made for a procession . Urge t orders otices ’ H i s M f n n were issued by ajesty s o ficials , a nounci g that all people should assemble o n the followi n g day a r e l i io T h e n n for g u s processio n . imme se e thusiasm that had prevailed over the S i n halese people at that n a n d time , whe they were exhorted led by their ow n n i n n n ki g such a religious fu ctio , could be better n I imagi ed . n those days our ki n gs had perso n ally visited fields a n d re n dered all possible e n courage me n t a n d support to make his subjects interest i n F r themselves the cultivatio n of the soil . o some A N D T H E I R T B D D I S T P R O C S I MA H A S E E M A F S U H E S O N . I 7

i n special purpose connection with cultivation , King D e v a n ampiy a T issa had in possession a big golden plough , of which reference is made below . O n the following morning all the monks were w f entertained at the palace , after hich the chie T hera repaired to the Na n da n a Royal Garden and preached the sublime T eachi n gs of the Buddha to a T . O b e large concourse of people his being ver , , n accompa ied by the other monks , returned to the M h m h resting place at a a ég a Garden . C A By afternoon , the ity of nuradhapura , the road n A r a h ats n to the resti g place of the , the garde of the S n n angha and other spots havi g bee decorated , the M a devoted Buddhist onarch , decked in all the insigni of royalty , seated in his state chariot , attended by his ministers and escorted by the military chiefs arrived at the abode (in M a h a mégh a Garden) of the H n monks . avi g alighted from the C hariot the king approached the A ra h at s and showed deep reverence F A r h to them . rom there the king with the a at s started in procession to the upper ferry of M a l w atu O y a to mark the boundaries of the ground for the monks to perform their u posa th a and other special rites . T h e two chief state elepha n ts having bee n n n harnessed to the royal golde plough , the king holdi g i n the plough shaft , started from the ferry pro n E n cession whose descriptio , according to the glish n M a h a w' a n sa n : tra slation of , ru s thus S urrounded by exquisitely painted vases (carried a n d f in procession) , gorgeous lags tinkling with the bells at tached to them ; trays contai n i n g red san dal dust ; (guarded) by gold a n d silver staves ; (the procession decorated with) mirrors of glittering n glass and festoo s , and baskets borne down by the weight of flowers ; triumphal arches made of plantai n a n d r trees , females holding up umbrellas and othe decoratio n s ; excited by the sympho n y of every descriptio n of music ; e n compassed by the martial might of his empire ; overwhelmed by the shouts o f i m grat tude and festivity , which welcomed him fro I R ST B U D D H I S T P R O C E I N 1 8 MA H A S E E MA A ND T H E F SS O .

e the four quart rs of the earth , thus the lord of the an m l d ade his progress , ploughing amidst enthusiastic h u n dI n an acclamations , eds of wavi g h dkerchiefs , and the exultatio”n s produced by the presentation of superb offeri n gs . (C hapter XV . p . T h e illustrious ki n g with his most revered r e 11 g io u s teachers a n d devoted people walked o n alo n g the bank of the famous river towards the n orth a n d we n t rou n d the C ity a n d M a ha még h a Garde n marking the limits of a land whose circumference od u n n was computed at three y , which is equivale t to T h e n M about sixteen miles . ve erable ahinda T hera fixed the poi n ts defini n g the bou n dary li n e as marked ’ by the ki n g s plough and declared it as the sacred ground for the S angha to perform their uposa th a T h n n a n d other special rites . e grou d thus c o se M a h a seem a n crated is called , which has bee kept up as a land of Buddhist activity for a period of

years . — T h e original descriptio n o i the procession as reproduced above bears eloquent proof of the highly n refi ed state of things that existed among , the S inhalese Buddhists who lived three hu n dred years before the birth of C h I i st ; a n d it was the first

Buddhist processio n held I n La n ka . n n C a n fi n d Before bri gi g this hapter to end , we it absolutely essential to call the attentio n of the reader to the vast di ffere n ce betwee n the M a h a m ég h a n M h m C n . a n d a a se a. . a d e Garde (see haps I . V ) the T h e former was duly offered to the S angha a n d dedicated a n d made the property of the S angha a n d it shall last as such as long as Buddhism lasts i n the I slan d ; a n d the latter is the C hief g I o u n d (in C e yl o n ) w ithi n whose limits the Buddhist priests o r pri estesses are required by the Law of the Buddha u osa th a a n d to observe their p other special rites , m n o t n n to perfor which , it is ecessary that the grou d n should be the property of the S angha . H e ce it is quite manifest that the repeated attempts of certai n o fficials of the C eylon Governme n t to confound M A H A S E E M A A ND T H E I R ST B U D D H I ST P R O C E S S I O N F .

A nuradhapura— the ancie n t C apital of C eylon with A nuradhapura— the S acred C ity — o r to identify the S C C acred ity with the political ity , actuated either by illwill towards o ur natio n al religion or by ig n o r n S C a ce of the true history of the acred ity , are most detrimental to the cause of Buddhism . Cha er pt VII .

T H E E S T A BLI S H M E N T O F R E LI G I O U S E E C O LL G S .

M O N G the imme n se crowds that had assembled daily to hear the sermo n s of that holy royal Apostle M ahi n da T hera there were thousands who were eager to e n ter the Brotherhood of Lord A s Buddha . the number of monks increased every day it was fou n d necessary to ope n religious colleges

to educate the you n g B hik k h u s . S uch a n i n stitutio n T h n is called a P i r i ven a . e ki g caused a building to n v n be erected withi the least possible time , e e without waiti n g u n til wood was sawn and bricks n were made . It was built e tirely with mud walls

which were burnt in order to have them dried . T n hat process having stai ed the walls black , the Pi riv e n a ope n ed there was called K a l apra sada derivatio n of the n ame bei n g due to the walls bei n g

dark coloured . A n other Pi r i v e n a was co n structed by the same king — D e v a n a m piy a T issa u n der the title of S u n “ ” h e D i h a c a n k a m a n a hata . T third was called g “ “ Pi r iv e n a”; the fourth Ph a l ag g a the fifth T hera pa s s iy a ; the sixth M a r u g a n a a n d the seven th i Al l n i n D ig h a s a n da s e n apa t . these educatio al s titu tio n s were established duri n g the most disti n guished

reig n of the ki n g referred to . T here had bee n several other religious colleges i n S C A n the acred ity of uradhapura , opened by n other ki gs , the sites of some of which have now n n a n T n d . o i teresti g sto e pillars , steps so forth the south - west of T h u pa r a m a there remai n s the site of A sigg a ha k a Pi r i v e n a as shown in the plate n umber

. n XXXI I , which was undoubtedly a storied buildi g . T here is found i n its compou n d a stone bath which

Cha er pt VIII .

PA RA MA DA A A T H U G B .

H E most worshipful M ahi n da T hera lived

n - i n M a h a m é h a n twe ty six days the g Garde , e n gaged in the disseminatio n of the noble T n T eachi gs of the athagata , during which time n B r ah a m a n i s m thousa ds of people who followed , embraced Buddhism . n It is a practice amo g the disciples of the Buddha , n n n ma ss duri g the rai y seaso known as , to abstain h from preaching tours or begging rou n ds . T e full moo n day i n the mo n th of J uly— E sa l a — is the day n o n which the rai n y season is co sidered to begi n .

‘ O n this day the monks establish themselves in buildings or i n cells ; and for three mo n ths they live in them meditati n g a n d preachi n g to those who visit n them . O n important duties they may be abse t for s even days ; but o n the eve of the seventh day they are bou n d by Vi n aya rules to be present at their h n shelter . T e lay community have o t only to furnish them with dwellings for the season but also with

a n d . food , robes other necessaries n M T I n accorda ce with this practice , ahinda hera bei n g desirous of livi n g o n the summit of M ihi n tale ma ss M a h a mé h a during the season , started from g Garde n o n the twe n ty - sixth day of his arrival at A n uradhapura . I mmediately after the departure of T n the holy hera , the ki g made his way to the rock “ n T and approached his oble eacher , who ,”said , what ? has brought you i n this i n te n se heat T h e ki n g “ ff ’ replied , I came , being a licted at Your Lordship s

. O n n departure bei g informed that he , the chief T n n hera , with his compa io s , came there to pass the

rainy season , the pious king employed immediately a large force of workmen to construct rooms a n d

P A D A G A B A T H U A R A M . z 3

h cells at Mihintale . T e w ork of construction having i n M T been over a few days , ahinda hera , with a n th e company of mo ks , established himself on top of

- the famous rock on the full moon day in J uly , exactly a mo n th after the preachi n g of the first sermon to T the S inhalese people had taken place . hough the king was i n the habit of frequenti n g the rock the chief T hera delivered sermo n s occasionally in the h mé h royal palace and M a a g a Garden . O n e day , after the termination of the rainy T season , the chief hera while seated in the palace , “ addressed the king th u s z — Great ki n g "our divine T eacher the supreme Buddha has long been out of n M our sight ; we are sojourni g here without our aster . I n O R " this land , uler of men we ha”ve no object n h to which offeri gs can be made . T e king : u replied Lord , did not Yo r Lordship tell m”e that our supreme Buddha had attai n ed N irvana ? “ O n hearing the words of the T hera When ever H i s sacred Relics are seen the great M aster “ H : imself is seen , the monarch said thus I u nderstand what Your Lordship mean s ; it is requir ed T of me to build a hupa to enshri n e Relics . I will d h R l i o it ; may Your Lordship please procure t e e c s . T h e T hera being pleased with th e devotion of the n a n d n ki g , left the palace for the rock i structed S n S a m a n e r a uma a , who was possessed of high I ddh i n powers , to start immediately for I dia with a message to his g ra n dsi re f the E mperor Asoka ; a n d S a kha D eva from thence to , the chief of gods , to

- n obtai n the right C ollar bo e Relic of the Buddha . T h e S a m a n e r a left the mountai n a n d in a moment u n arrived at the co rt of his gra dsire , to whom the following message of the chief A rabat was delivered :

S u m a n a S a m a n e r a w a s t h e s o n o f S a n g h a m i tt a P ri n c e ss w h o b e c a m e a pri e s te s s a t t h e wi s h o f h e r fa th e r t h e E m pe ro r . H e r hu s b a n d h a d b e c o m e a m o n e a k rli e r . P A R A M A D A G A BA 2 4 T H U .

Great King , your ally , the King of Lanka , D converted to Buddhism , is anxious to build a agaba . You possess ma n y corporeal Relics of the Lord ; bestow some”of those Relics a n d the Bowl used by the Buddha . T h e S a m a n e ra having received both the Bowl R i S a hha D eva and elics , repa red to the , who , being n made acquai ted with the mission , presented the right C ollar - bone Relic of the T athagata to the young B hik k h u to be taken to Lanka . With all the Relics a n d the S acred Bowl the S a m a n e r a returned to M ihintale and delivered the same to the chief T n R hera , who , leavi g the Bowl and the elics given b y the E mperor A soka o n the summit of the M ah a mé ha n mountain , came to the g Garde bringing

- with him the C ollar bone Relic . According to the instructions given previously S S a ma n e r a n by umana , the Ki g , attended by his n S state retinue , reached the Garde of the angha in time to accord a suitable reception to the C hief T h M T hera and his disciples . e pious onarch received the S acred Bone in a casket and placed it on the back of the state elephant that wa s caparisoned

T h e R . for the purpose . elic was taken in procession It started from the S acred Garden (which hereafter is called t h e S acred C ity) entering the political C ity by its eastern gate , and passing through it by S C the southern gate , returned to the acred ity and halted at the spot where the T h u par a m a D agaba w a n A s subseque tly built . t that time this particular T h spot w as covered with thorny creepers . e king causing that spot to be instantly C leared and decorated in the utmost perfectio n endeavoured to R take the elic down from the back of the elephant . I n b e the meantime , , having ascertained from Mahinda T hera (who with his large retinue o f monks had joined the processio n ) that the Relic should be deposited o n a summit as high as the back of the state elephant , ordered the vast assembly of men present there to bri n g lumps of C lay from the VI II .

P I L L A R S A T T H U PA R A M A .

2 6 T H U PA R A M A D A GA B A . who had established P olo n naruwa as the C apital n n n of La ka , spe t over the restoratio of this and all the other shri n es i n the S acred C ity of A n u r adh a F o r pura . the last time this sacred S tupa was 2 1 2 . n 3 72 B E . repaired i about the year ( 8 8 A . C ) by P a il a a m a R S H P g ewata wamy , igh riest of the North T h C C entral Provi n ce at that time . e ircumference 1 4 of this D agaba is 9 feet and its height is 63 feet . T h e S a l a ba ta l a M a l u wa 540 wall round the z , feet in circumference is being repaired u n der the super vision o f a B hikk h u of A n uradhapura . “ M r i n R n : . C ave his uined C ities of C eylo says T i n his monument is , itself , evidence of the u i n remarkable skill of architect , builder and sc lptor C eylon , at a period anterior”to that of any existing monument in the mainland . M r Li e s c hi n f . g , a former Government o ficial , has made the followi n g record in his admi n istration “ 1 870 — T h e T h u a ra m a n report for p , which e closes

aw - the right J bone of Gautama Buddha , and which was built by D e w a n a mpiy a T issa in the third century C n before hrist , still sta ds surrounded by its classic n columns , the most elega t of all the dagabas ; and though the oldest and smallest , is yet the best h n n preserved . T e j u gle arou d it has been cleared so as to admit of its bei n g seen at some distance . T h I t is decidedly the most picturesque rui n here . e S a n h a m itta remains of g , the royal priestess and D h a r m a so k a daughter of King , who with her brother M ahi n da i n troduced Buddhism from I n dia i n C the third century before hrist , repose somewhere

A - near this temple . beautifully carved semi circular stone forms the first step to what must have been n n n a very elega t little shri e . O this stone are delineated with much spirit and i n high relief the a n d n horse , the lion , the bull , the elepha t , as well as a o * H a n sa a successi n of the sacred birds called y , a “ ” word evidently an alogous to the A nser of the

T h e y a r e n o t s a c r e d to B udd hi st s

T H U PA R A M A D A G A B A . 2 7

G a n s z D Latin , the Gans and ” of the ”utch and

n E . Germa , and the Goose of the nglish T h e foregoing lines by those two E uropean ge n tleme n bear abundant proof of the most exalted position of the S inhalese n ation twenty —two centuries a n d n o S n ago , patriotic i halese could be without e n tertai n ing a Sense of pride for what his ancestors

had done . I t is indeed most adm irable to find that T h u a r a m a D i n S p , the first agaba built the acred C n ot ity , is the best preserved of all such structures , i n C only this ity , but also throughout the whole T D province . his agaba is provided with two n n S a l a a ta l a M a l u wa compou ds , the first bei g p the other is the extensive compou n d called Wel i M a l u wa T which adjoins the former on all sides . here had n n Wel i M a l u wa bee a brick rampart arou d the , and admission was obtained through the eastern guard h house . T e fact of the S hrine a n d its premises havi n g bee n protected with a strong wall is n confirmed from its remai s on all the four sides . * Withi n this e n closure a D a l a da M a l ig a 'wa was built for depositing the T ooth R elic of Lord Buddha brought to C eylon from I ndia during the reig n of King S iri M e gh aw a r n a and now kept in the M a l ig a ‘wa n T h at Ka dy . e site of the an cie n t D a l a d a M a l ig a wa is situated to the south - east of the D agaba a n d is n marked by a beautiful door frame of sto e , magni fi c e n t pillars with distinctive sculptures a n d some n n n havi g a polish aki to that of marble , a charmi g n a n d fi n e moo stone a set of carved steps , a well

of oblong shape and so forth . I n the n orthern directio n of the M a l ig a wa there stands the damaged S n R S a n h a mitta P tupa wherei the elics of g riestess , about whom reference will be made in the next C n n T n n hapter , are e shri ed . hose sixtee sto e columns that stand to the east of T h u pa r a m a are the remains

- F n n of the guard house . ou datio sto n es and slabs

At a c e rta i n ti m e t h e T o o th R e li c w a s d e po s i t e d i n a b uild i n g e e c e d fo r th e o s e i n t h e o f A n a d r t purp po liti c a l C ity ur h a p ura . 2 8 T H U PA R A MA D A G A B A . that lie on the western side indicate the previous existe n ce of an importa n t building attached to

T h u pa r a m a . T h e readers will be shocked to lear n that certai n officials of the C eylon Govern me n t have obtai n ed n Wel i M a l u wa possessio , illegally , of the of this D agaba and the sacred rui n s that are scattered around the shrine . We here refrain from e n teri n g i n to the history of this most mischievous a n d reprehe n sible act as a detailed accou n t of the methods employed by the O fficials to desecrate the n S acred C ity is give in a subjoined chapter . a er I Ch pt X .

H E S AC R E D O D H - T R E E S A NG H A M I T T T B I , A A’ ND I I H A T H E R I S U R U M U N VI RA . N the early morning of the second day of the arrival of M ahinda T hera at A nuradhapura the M h m é h King visited him at a a g a Garden . H e s P A n w a followed by the rincess ula , who had sa n c tifi c ati o n n attained the first stage of , atte ded by F r . o n five hundred ladies the seco d time , she , A having heard the exhortations of the royal postle , requested the ki n g to permit her and the retinue to

enter into the H oly O rder . T hereupon the ki n g M T requested the aha hera to ordain them . T h e : n T hera replied thus Great Ki g , it is not permitted

to us to ordain females . I n the city of P atal iputta S a n ha m itta T (C apital of I ndia) there lives g heri , my

n n n . D you ger sister , who is profou dly lear ed espatch a message to our royal father begging that he may n n n se d her , bri ging also the right bra ch of the

- W n C T sacred Bodhi tree . he that hief heri c”omes , she will ordain this princess and her retinue . A few months after the construction of the T h u pa ra m a D agaba the devoted king po n dered over the above - stated words of the chief T hera and E A resolved to send a minister to the mperor soka . T h e A r itth a king inquired from the minister , who

was his nephew , my child , are you able to repair to the court of the E mperor of I ndia and escort hither the S a n gh a mitta T heri a n d the sacred B o - bra n ch “ T h e n o n mi ister consented , saying , provided my

’ n H retur I am permitted to enter into the oly O rder . T h e mo n arch who was much pleased with the words n of his ephew assented to his wishes . T h e S i n halese minister having arrived at the ' C a pital o f I ndia conveyed to the E mperor the joint - A C R E D B O D H I T R E E S A NG H A M I T T A T H E R I & C . T H E S , ,

message of M ahinda T hera and King D e va n a m piy a T h e E T issa . mperor was willing to give the branch S T n of the acred ree , but was relucta t to lose the a n h m i T h n S a tta T . e prese ce of his daughter , g heri T heri , who had received a separate message from her i n C n n a n brother eylo , obtai ing audience with her n father commu icated the orders of her brother . T hen the E mperor addressi n g her with due respect “ M " said , y beloved separated from you and my n n n childre and gra d children , what consolatio is there for me to alleviate my afflictio n S h e rejoined : “ Great King "the inj unctio n of my brother i s i m e ra tiv e a n d l n p , the females who are to be ordained Lanka are many ; o n that acco”unt it is absolutely n esse tial that I should go there . T h e E mperor prese n ted to the royal envoy of La n ka the right bra n ch of the sacred Bodhi - tree that stood at Buddha - Gaya where the T athagata sat at ' H the time e attained the Buddhahood . S an g ha mitta T heri with eleven other priestesses e mbarked on board the ship i n which the bra n ch of the sacred Bodhi - tree was deposited i n a valuable n golde vessel . I n a few days the ship reached the D a m b a k l a u n T h e historic port o ap t a . King of Lanka after having caused the main road to be decorated from the n orthern gate of the C ity of A n uradhapura

o n . to the port , prepared a special hall the beach O n n n n the arrival of the ship , cha ti g so gs of joy , he rushed i n to the waves up to his n eck a n d brought ashore the sacred B o - bra n ch a n d deposited it in the n h n gra d hall . T e servitors who had bee deputed by the E mperor to atte n d to the ceremo n ies co n n ected T h with the S acred T ree also disembarked . e pries te sse s a n d the right bra n ch of the sacred Bodhi - tree n i n were co ducted a procession , the following descriptio n of which I n the M a h a wa n sa may be of i nterest : “ T h e sovereign stoppi n g the progress of the procession at the entra n ce of the village of the B r ah a ma n T i v ak k a as well as at the several aforesaid

' - E D BO D H I T R E E SA NG H A M I T T A T H E R I & C . T H E SA C R , ,

B o - r o places , he carried the b anch along the r ad , w hich was sprinkled with white sand , and decorated e f w w n w ith every vari ty of lo ers , and lined ith ba ners n fl w a n d f a n d garla ds of o ers ; keeping up o ferings , i a n d o n by n ght by day uninterruptedly , the four t e e n th day (Of th e mo n th) he conducted it to the At vicinity of Anuradhapura . the hour that shadows n are most exte ded , he entered the superbly d ecorated C apital by the n orthern gate and passi n g n n in processio out of the southern gate , and enteri g t h e M a h a m ég h a Garden hallowed by the presence of h t e last four Buddhas ; and arriving , under the d n S n S a m a n e r a irectio s of uma a himself , at the d elightful and decorated spot ”at which the former sacred trees had bee n planted .

T h e sacred B o - branch brought in this man n er was planted at the identical spot , where it stands n o w i n n , the afternoo of the day previous to the

- n u n d u wa 236 B E full m oo in the month of p , D 308 T h e S T ( ecember , acred ree , whose age is

years , measures in height about thirty feet ; w hile the girth at the base is eight feet and two n i n n inches . I t is fou d the ce tre of a raised mound T h protected with a brick wall . e length a n d breadth o f n 7 1 5 7 the mou d are feet and feet respectively , a n d 2 1 n its height is feet from the level of the grou d . T te n here are , within this wall , other trees of the T h C same species . e hief evidence to ide n tify this o ldest tree i n the world is the partly damaged s tatue of Buddha lying to the east of the S acred n T ree . I t should be oticed that this statue is of “ brick a n d denotes that it was made hurriedly w n ithin a very short time , duri g the reign of King D v n i I n n n e a amp y a T issa . a cie t times pilgrims used to assemble at the Vihara that was built to co n tai n T this statue and the offeri n gs . his temple which has been in rui n s so lo n g is n o w (1 907) bei n g reco n structed at the expe n se chiefly of a pious Buddhist g entleman of Galle . - E S A C R E D B O D H I T R E E S A NG H A M I T T A T H E R I & C . T H , ,

T h e an n iversary celebration of the planti n g of the S acred T ree has been revived by the M aha - Bodhi S ociety o n the suggestio n of the author of this book and is bei n g held a n n ually si n ce 1 903 A C Besides the S acred T ree and the other trees on the mound there are about fifty b o trees i n the com n n bo m a l u wa pou d that is ge erally called , round which a rampart had bee n built duri n g the reign of

King D e va n a mpiy a T issa . At the t i me whe n Ki rti s r i

— n A . 4 R a a si n h a . C 1 7 7 1 778 n j g was on the thro e , , havi g C n Ka n dy as the apital of La ka , the old rampart was n utterly damaged by a herd of wild elepha ts . T h e few mo n ks a n d atte n dants who lived at b o - m a l u wa protected the place from further attacks and the c o n v e e d a t n n ews was v to the king Ka dy . T his king found out a perseveri n g mo n k in the person of I l i e n o m uw e S a m a n e ra U n n a n s e p g , under whose n m n t directions the sto e ra part , now exta , was con T structed . his rampart , whose height and thickness 1 2 7 360 are feet and feet respectively , measures feet from south to n orth and 250 feet from east to west . T n i n E . n S i r J . e nent writes thus his C eylo But that which renders the fallen C ity illustrious a a S r i even in ruins , is the possession of the J y “ M a h a B odi n - wa h a n s e , the Victor”ious , I llustrious , S B o - n n S upreme Lord , the acred tree , the pla ti g of which forms the grandest episode i n the sacred an n als of C eylon .

T h e B o - A n a ra a o o ra tree of j p is , in all probability , r i h r l th e ol d es t h i stor i c a l t ee n t e wo d . It was pla n ted 288 C n o w years before hrist , and hence it is n o n e years old . Ages varyi g from to five thousan d n n ba oba bs S n years have bee assig ed to the of e egal ,

eu ca l tu s T n - the yp of asmania , the drago tree of O Wel l i n ton i a C n a n d rotava , the g of alifor ia , the ches n ut o f M ou n t E t n a . But all these estimates n a n d are matters of co jecture , such calculations , n n n however inge ious , must be purely i fere tial ; B o - m a tter of r ec or d whereas the age of the tree is ,

- E SA C R E D B O D H I T R E E S A NG H A M I T T A T H E R I & c . T H , , 3 3 its conservancy has bee n a n object of solicitude to successive dynasties , and the story of its vicissitudes has bee n preserved in a seri es of continuous chronicles amongst the most authentic that have been handed down by mankind . C ompared with it the O a k of E llerslie is but a ’ sapling ; and the C o n queror s O a k in Windso r

l T h - F . e s orest , bare y numbers half its years yew tree of Fou n tai n s Abbey are believed to have flourished there “ twelve hu n dred years ago ; the olives in the Garden of Gethsema n e were full grown whe n th e S aracens were expelled from Jerusalem ; and the S i n cypress of oma , Lombardy , is said to have been

C a B o - a tree in the time of J ulius esar ; yet , the tree n is older tha the oldest of these by a century , a n d would almost seem to verify the prophecy n n n pronou ced whe it was pla ”ted , that it would a n d flourish be green for ever .

S ANG H A M I T T A T H E R I .

T h e C hief T heri S a n g h a mitta who had als o attai n ed the highest s a n c tifi c atio n and who was co n ducted along with the other priestesses i n the n same gra d procession above related , admitted into the O rder the aforesaid A nula Pri n cess and her i n n retinue , all of whom due time attai ed the highest n bliss . S ince the thousands of ladies entered the n holy path and led a life of perfect righteous ess . T O P n his rder of riestesses , established in La ka , by h n S a n a mitta T n . g heri , is now e tirely exti ct

I S U R U M U N I VI H A RA . T his is the first rock T emple mentioned in the

C n . O n history of eylo the eastern side of this rock , n T W situated at the bu d of issa ewa , a small room has bee n cut i n which there are three statues of

Buddha . T he sede n t statue is hew n out of the rock a n d T h n also its seat . e two standi g statues are T h made of wood . e stone roof and the images have D —T E E S A NG H A M I T T A T T H E S A C R E D B O D H I R H E R I 81 C . 3 4 , , bee n pai n ted over by the prese n t i n cumbe n t of the temple ; the sto n e images o n this accou n t do n o t T look their age . his rock Vihara was excavated in n n D e v a n a m i a T the reig of that great mo arch p y issa . T h e n ame i su r u m u n i is derived from the i n cide n t of “ ” — five hu n dred wealthy i su ru m a t— persons h aving n M n T bee n ordai ed at this rock by ahi da hera . T h e n ame I s u r u m u n i has n o con n ectio n whatever with T h H D . o t e n I swara , the indu eity south of the shri e n Mi h i n du u h a room there is a small cave , by ame g , i n which M ahi n da T hera is supposed to have spe n t n his leisure i n meditatio . T hirty - fi ve years ago this V ihara was i n an n absolute state of neglect , almost hidde by the thick n n n a n d n j u gle that had grow all rou d it; , accordi g to the story of S a s a n a b hiw a r dhik a m i S a n g h a r a kk hita “ ”

T n n . hera , the i cumbe t , it was a home of bears ‘ T h e co n structio n of the D agaba o n the rock a n d all other improvemen ts of the V ihara have been n carried out by this perseveri n g mo k .

A ND L O H A M A H A P R A SA D A Y A 3 6 M I R I S A W E T I D A G A B A .

n gatheri g the residue of their food into a plate , and dividing the same i n to three portions placi n g “ it before the pri n ces addressed them thus : M y n n n n childre , eat this portio , vowi g you will ever ”“ A n do i n jury to the monks . gai eat this portion”

n a . vowi g , you two brothers will ever live in mity n T h e Both of them ate that food quite willi gly . n n n n ki g the said , poi ti g out the remaining portion “ n in the plate , eat this vowi ”g that you will never n make war with the T amils . O heari n g these n words T issa flu g from him his portion of food . n n Gamini also spur ed away his portion , and retiri g o n n a n d to his bed laid himself it , with his ha ds T h n n n feet gathered up . e Quee seei g Gami i in this “ n M s o n n o t conditio inquired , y , why stre”tch yourself ? on your bed a n d lie dow n comfortably T h e prince : M m n replied thus y dear other , co fined by the T amils beyond the river (M a h aw e l ig a n g a) a n d on i n n n the other side by the ocean , how can I , so c”o fi ed - ? a space , lie down with out stretched limbs T h e n i n n i n pri ce , due course , i creasing piety , a n d prosperity , wisdom , strength martial accomplish

n n . me ts , attained his sixtee th year T h e T amils with E lara as their leader were in C — A n possession of the hief C apital uradhapura . T hough E lara was helpi n g the mo n ks in the propaga tion of Buddhism it was deemed most da n gerous to allow non - Buddhists to i n terfere with religious

matters . P n i n ri ce Gamini was most skilled the elephant ,

horse , and bow exercises , as well as in stratagems . H e o w e r fu l w a r r io r s vi z z — Na n dimitta had ten most p ; , S u r a n imil a M a h a so n a G o th a m b a ra T h e r a u tta , , , p Ve l u s u m a n a Kh a n a de v a Ph u ssa bhaya , Bharana , , j , a n d L n e n deva abhiy a Va sa b h a . O day the prince havi g n n held a review of his army , co sisting of thousa ds S “ of inhalese youths , proposed to his father , Let me T h n T s . e wage war agai st the amil king , considering ’ T h d . e his son s personal safety , eclined permission prince renewed the proposition even to the third

B A A A P A A D A Y A M I R I SA W E T I D A G A A ND L O H M A H R S . 3 7

n i n n T h n . time . e ki g was determi ed his oppositio T h e disappoi n ted pri n ce se n t to his father a female “ n n F n tri ket , remarki g , rie ds , my father , if he be ”a man would not do so ; let him therefore wear this . T h e n n n ki g , e raged at this , ordered a gold chai to be made with which to fetter the pri n ce a nd prevent n n T h e i n him from e tering i to the battle field. pr ce the n fled to another district a n d lived there until the T h n n d . e o eath of his father prince Gamini , accou t of n y his extraordi ar behaviour towards his father , was “ ” n surn amed D utth a (u n dutiful) Gami i . Fortu n ately for La n ka the opportu n e time came ’ whe n the great P ri n ce return ed to his pare n ts palace at M n M a a m u ra a n d ahagama , prese t g p , assumed the n n D t h a n n n sovereig ty . Ki g u t Gamini havi g e shri ed i n the poi n t of his s c e pt r e a corporeal Relic of Lord n n Buddha Started i the directio n of A uradhapura . H e was atte n ded by the above - n amed warriors a n d a most powerful force of thousan ds of military m e n . Before a lo n g time had elapsed the S i n halese Ki n g was successful i n destroyi n g all the T amil a n d r E a n d fortresses , forces , the leade lara himself ; he became the sole M o n arch of the I slan d of C eylon i n 383 according to the Buddhist era (1 6 1 T h e C hief religious edifices built during his M i r i s aw e ti D M illustrious reign are agaba , Loha aha P r a s aday a a n d R u w a n w e l i D agaba which have been i n valuable orn aments of the S acred C ity of A n uradhapura . O n the seve n th day of the r e - establishment of A n uradhapura as the C apital of Lan ka the Ki n g p 1 o c e e de d to the T issa Wewa followed by a state reti n ue to celebrate a n aquatic festival with every n n a n d n descriptio of rejoici g , to maintai a custom ’ T h e n observed by his predecessors . Ki g s attire and other valuable things were kept at a spot C lose to the ta n k a n d the sceptre - bearers deposited the imperial n n R i n a n sceptre , co tai ing a sacred elic , erect position o n the site where M i r i s a w e ti was subseque n tly T h erected . e Ki n g having bathed and sported about in D A A B A A ND LO H A M A H A P R A SA D A Y 38 M I R I SA W E T I G A .

D e va n a m i a the tank , formed by his royal ancestor p y T : u s ' de a rt issa , put on his attire an”d said Let p , my T h . e men , take up the sceptre royal servants were n u able to move it from where it was deposited . I t was a miraculous occurrence due to the sacred Relic n h . T e of the Buddha enshri ed in the sceptre King , wa s n who highly delighted at what took place , retur ed to the palace leaving O fficers behind to keep guard over H . e the sceptre , having pondered over the matter , caused to erect a D agaba on that spot to enshrine I n the sceptre itself . three years the construction of the D agaba and the additional buildi n gs having been completed the inaugural ceremo n y was held in the presence of thousands of monks who had assem F r bled from I ndia and Lanka . o seven days the

festival was kept up with great pomp . M r D P n R A . ickson , reside t of the oyal siatic S — C n ociety eylon branch , while addressi g a meeting ‘‘ i n 1 884 D u tu e m u n u had erroneously said , that King g T n E l al a 1 n n slew the amil i vader si gle combat , and h e th r ew d own h i s c l othes on th e sp ot wh er e th e d ag a ba s ta n ds a n d wen t d own i n to T i ssa wewa to b h a k h e m a d a h a the . Wh en e ca me b c e v ow t a t a s , ” a th a n k i n h u l bu i l d h r a a a offer g e wo d t e e d g a b . T h ( e italics are ours . ) T h e circumference of the base of this D agaba is 5 0 A T h u a ra m a D 6 . s feet in the case of p agaba , it is surrounded by a compou n d paved with stone sa l a a ta l a m a l u wa slabs , and therefore called p , T which measures 275 feet square . here had been o n four entrances the east and west , south and north , whose traces are still to be fou n d in the beautiful

n . sto e , steps and so forth laid at each of them Around the sa l apa ta l a m a l u wa there is the wel i m a l u wa — sa n dy compou n d — alo n g which processions n marched . T his edifice has partly bee restored by the C eylon Govern ment at the expe n se of a S iamese P n i n S i r ri ce who placed R s . the hands of A 1 C 888 . rthur Gordon , the Governor of eylon , in I t may be seen ‘by the visitor to the D agaba that the

A D Y A 4 0 M I R I S A W E T I D A G A B A A ND L O H A M A H A P R A S A .

T h e n n n P r a s ada a a n d Ki g , fi di g that Loha y S wa r n a m a l i M a h a c e ti bei n g specially mentio n ed H i n n n . e the i scriptio , was highly pleased informed the mo n ks that he woul d erect a n excelle n t storied mo n astery a n d requested them to procure for him the h e pla n of a palace of the d eva s . T plan was supplied

T h e n n - immediately . ki g havi g caused store houses t o n n a n d be built wherei mo ey , clothes , all other requisites were deposited for the use of the work m e n ; a nd materials having been brought the process o f constructio n was begun u n der the supervision of

n n . emi e t architects It was a quadrilateral palace , bei n g two hu n dred feet lo n g o n each of its sides T n a n d . the same in height here were ine stories , a n d i n each of them one hundred apartments which were highly finished with silver ; a n d the cor n ices A t hereof were embellished with gems . special hall was built i n the ce n tre of the palace ; a n d it was said to have bee n supported o n golde n pillars . I n the centre of this hall there was a beautiful ivory throne , o n o n e side of which there was the emblem of the s u n i n o n n n i n a n d o n gold ; a other , the moo silver ; i n a n d the third , the stars pearls ; above the throne T h the imperial ca n opy glittered . e roof of this mag n ifice n t palace was covered with brazen tiles ; n L oh a M a h a P r a sa d a a he ce it was called the y , n Al l great braze palace . the stories were furnished C with couches , hairs and other necessaries of great E n n d value . ve the laver a its ladle kept at the n n n n e tra ce , for washi g the ha ds and feet of monks ,

were made of gold . T h e pious Ki n g D u tth a Gami n i also styled D utu g e m u n u dedicated the palace with all its belongi n gs S n P to the a gha ( riesthood ) , and the dedication n i n n ceremo y was O bserved the most dig ified ma n ner . T h e first floor was occupied by the mo n ks who had n ot achieved a n y state of s a n c tifi c ati o n or the highest attai n me n ts ; the seco n d by those who had ’ T r i i ta k a th e mastered the p , whole body of Buddha s D octri n e ; the t hird by those who had attained

A D L A A H A P R A A D A Y A M I R I SA W E T I D GA B A A N O H M S . 4 1

S ota a tti s a n c tifi c ati o n p , the first stage of ; the fourth n S a ha d a a mi n by those who had attai ed g , the seco d state of s a n c tifi c atio n ; the fifth by those mo n ks A n a a m i who had attained g , the third state of s a n c tifi c ati o n ; and the remai n i n g four stories were A r a h a ts occupied by the , in other words , those who fi i had attai n ed the highest state of s a n c ti c at o n . I t is said that the value attached to the buildi n g was n three hundred millio gold pieces . T his unique edifice having u n dergone destructio n and reco n structio n several times is n o w reduced to the s to n e colum n s that barely give a n idea of its former D n n n d h i n n . S a d at s s a mag ifice ce uri g the reig of Ki g , D ut u e m u n u n brother of King g , this mo astery caught a n d n n T h e fire from a lamp was bur t dow . king

n n d - built it up agai a formed a seven storied building . I ts value was then estimated at n ine millio n gold n i r i n a a . n i n pieces . Ki g S g I who ascended the thro e

1 A . C . r P r B E . 5 a s a a n 7 3 9 . ( 9 ) ebuilt the d y a a d reduced M n it to five stories . King ahase , out of spite to the n M a h av ih a r a n mo ks of the , razed it to the grou d ; n d n a afterwards he deeply repe ted of his wro n g act . H i s s o n M n n S iri ewa who was crow ed i n 30 1 A . C . rebuilt the palace . I t was for the last time restored r m h - by Ki n g P r a k a a b a u I . who asce n ded the throne 2 E . 1 4 in 1 748 B . ( 0 T h e col lection of monolithic columns o f— gra n ite about i n n umber marks the site of that m ost remarkable palatial monastery . T hese colum n s are square a n d the largest measures 8 feet 3 i n ches T h e and its height is 1 0 feet . ground covered with n 200 Al l these colum s measures feet square . these rough columns had bee n inclosed i n the huge walls that were built for the basement . of the palace when n i it co s sted of five stories . Cha er pt XI .

R A NWE L I DA A A UW G B .

H E M onarch D u ttha Gamini having dedicated the Loha P r a sa day a to the S angha decided R u w a n w e l i M i to construct the aha C ét y a . T h e site for the S hri n e had been already selected by that royal Apostle Mahi n da T hera and marked by the King D e v a n a m piy a T issa with a colossal T h n n stone column . e Ki g Gami i caused it to be removed and placed on the northern S ide of the

D . h agaba T e same is to be seen there still . I ts 22 a n d 1 2 height and girth are feet feet respectively . T h e n materials having bee collected , the King employed workmen to dig the foundatio n on the — full - moo n day in the month of Wesa k M ay — and it F o r was excavated one hundred cubits deep . the purpose of making the foundation as strong and

firm as possible , elephants , whose feet were protected n w with leather boots , ere employed to trample stones that were laid for the foundation ; a plate of brass eight inches thick and a plate of silver seven inches thick were laid over the fou ndation to ensure F r durability . o seven successive days from the n n inauguration of work , the Ki g entertai ed thousands A r ah at s of , who had assembled from I ndia and from n different districts of Lanka for the great functio . T h e construction of the D agaba was most S skilfully carried on by the inhalese architects , who , though willing to give their services gratuitously S R through their devotedness to the tate eligion , were given the best remuneration by the most n ix n . S disti guished Ki g beautiful stone slabs , eighty cubits in length and breadth and eight inches in thickness , were secured for the formation of the R R D elic eceptacle to be placed within the agaba .

A NW E L I D A G A B A 44 R U W . golde n image of Buddha (i n the attitude i n which

‘ H e achieved Buddhahood at the foot of the B o - tree n at U r u v e l a i n the Ki gdom of M a g a dh a) . T h e features a n d members of that image were r e pr e n i n i i n se ted their several appropr ate colours , n T i n exquisitely resple n de t gems . here ( th at relic n o f receptacle , ear the image Buddha) , stood (the M a h a b r a h m a n figure of) , beari g the silver parasol n n ° S n t of domi io akka , the i augura or , with his v ijay u tta r a cha n k ; P a n c a s ik h a with his harp i n his han d ; Kala n aga together with his ba n d of si n gers a n d da n cers ; the hu n dred armed Mara n o n n a n d n mou ted his el”epha t , surrou ded by his host of atte n da n ts . C orrespo n di n g with this altar o n the eastern o n ( ) side , the other three sides also of the receptacle” n n altars were arra ged , each bei g in value a koti . I n the n orth - eastern direction from the B o - tree there was an altar arrayed , made o”f the various n T h n . e descriptio s of gems , costi g a koti various acts performed at each of the places at which Buddh a had tarried for the seve n times seven "‘ H i s n n B a r a n a s i days (before public e try i to ) , he most fully represe n ted (in this relic receptacle) as well as all the subsequent importa n t works of H i s missio n ; v i z z — Brahma i n the act of sup plicati n g Buddha to expou n d H i s doctri n es ; the proclamatio n of the soverei g n supremacy of H i s faith (at B a r a n a s i) ; the ordi n atio n of Yasa ; the ordination of the B h a ddav a gg iy a princes ; the co n versio n of the Jatila sect ; the advan ce of Bimbisara (to meet ’ Buddha) ; H i s (Buddha s) e n tra n ce into the city R aja g a h a ; the acceptan ce of the Ve l u v a n a temple ( at R aja g a h a) ; H i s sixty pri n cipal disciples ; th”e n K a il av atth u a n d c h a n k a m a jour ey to p , the golden there ; the ordination of (H i s son) Rahula a n d of (H i s cousi n ) Na n da the accepta n ce of the Je ta wa n a

T i m s s a s a e o b a b b t h e T a n s a o . I t o t o b e h”i i t k , pr ly , y r l t r ught e e s w k .

L B R U \VA NW E I D A G A A . 4 5 temple (at S av atthi) the miracle of two opposite phe n omena performed at the foot of the g a n d a mba tree (at the gates of S av a tthi) ; H i s sermon delivered i n the T a v ati n s a heave n s (to H i s mother M aya and the other i n habitan ts of those heavens) ; the miracle performed unto the devas at H i s descent (f1 0 m the n e H e n heave s , wher had ta”rried three mo ths expoundi n g the a b hidh a m m a ) the i n terrogation S a n k a u r a of the assembled theras (at the gates of p , at which H e alighted on H i s desce n t from th e T a v a ti n s a a n d H e heavens , where was received by S a r ip utta at the head o”f the priesthood) ; the delivery M a h a sa m a a K a il a v a tth u of the y discourse (at p , pursuant to the example of all preceding Buddhas) ; the monitory discourse addressed to (H i s s o n ) Rahul a (at K a pil av atth u after he entered into priesthood) ; the delivery of the M a h a m a n g a l a discourse (at S a va tthi n e , also pursua t to the xample of preceding n Buddhas) , the assembly (to wit ess the attack on Buddha made at R aja g a h a by the elepha n t D ahan a pala) ; the discourse addressed to Al aw a k a (at Al av ipu r a) the conversion o f A n g u l im a l a the subjectio n of the naga raja Apa l a l a ; the (series of) discourse addressed to the P a ra y a n a Brahma n tribe ’ (at R aja g a h a) ; as also the relinquishment of Buddha s full term of life (three mo n ths before H i s pa r i n i b ba n a ) the accepta n ce of the alms - offeri n g prepared ’ f C P of hog s lesh (presented by unda at ava , which was the last repast Buddha partook of) ; and of the “ ” couple of s i n gi va n n a cloths (presented to Buddha by the trader P u k k u s a on his journ ey to K u si n a r a to H i s t fulfil predicted destiny) , and also of the drau bgh ’ o fw a te r w hic h became C lear (o n the disciple A n a n da s n taki g it for Buddha from the river Kukuta , the stream of which was muddy when he first approached it to draw the water) H i s pa r i n i bba n a (at K u si n a r a) the lame n tatio n of devas a n d me n (o n the pa r /i n i bba n a of Buddha) the prostratio n at th e feet (of Buddha on the funeral pile) of the T hera M aha Kassa pa ; the self - ignition of the pile (which W E L I D A G A B A 4 6 R U W A N . would not take fire before M aha Kassapa a r r iv e d) ; th e n n n n exti ctio of the fire , as also the ho ours re dered there ; the partitio n of H i s R elics by the (Brahman) M n D n . n o a By this o arch of illustrious desce t , man y of the Jataka stories (the former existe n ces ' of Buddha) , which were the best calculated to turn H i s n the hearts of people , to co version , were also H ’ represe n ted . e caused Buddha s acts duri n g his existe n ce as Ve s s a n ta r a R aja to be depicted i n detail ; as well as his history from the period of his descen t from T u sita p u ra to his attaini n g Buddha

- hood a t the foot of the B o tree . At the farthest poi n t of the four sides (of the R elic Receptacle) the n D h ata r atth a Vi r u l h a four great (mythological) ki gs ( , , Vi r upa k k h a a n d Ve s s av a n a) were represe n ted ; thirty - three devas a n d thirty - two pri n cesses ; twenty C a kk h a s a b o v e n eight hiefs of y ; these agai , devas bowi n g dow n with clasped ha n ds raised over their M h a a n a n d . a v s a . heads so forth ( C hap XXX . ) T h e pious Ki n g Gami n i havi n g arra n ged the R eli c Receptacle i n the man ner related above fixed the day for the e n shri n eme n t of the R elics of Buddha a n d n n n it was a nou ced to all the inhabita ts of the I sland . B hik kh u s n U a s a k a s U a s ik a s , Bhikkhu is , p , p , the n a n d n a n d n Ki g his state reti ue , millio s of others T h M n D . e n 0 11 assembled at the agaba o arch , beari g n n n n R his head the golde casket co tai i g the elics , n n n maki g prese tation of offeri gs thereto , marched A n in procession rou n d the D agaba . fter havi g done R R so he entered the elic eceptacle , deposited the casket o n the golde n altar a n d offered to the Relics a l l th e n w m n regal or ame n ts he had worn . T o S a a e r a s — n ovices amo n g mo n ks — closed the R eceptacle with the sto n e slab that had bee n kept aside for the u p rpose . T h e large assembly presen t made valuable n R offeri gs to the elics . A n n n R fter the e shri eme t of elics , the dome of the D agaba was co n structed ; a n d w hen the co n struction of the spire a n d the plasteri n g of the ’ C e ti a n n n y alo e remai ed to be completed , the Ki g fell V X I I .

A N VVE L I D A G A B A 48 R U W .

T h e M onarch on hearing this exhortation received much consolation and ordered his S ecretary to read C a n d out the Register of haritable meritorious deeds . When t he r e a di n g was over H i s M ajesty annou n ced t h e followi n g to the S a n gha F o r four a n d twe n ty years have I bée n the patro n of the S angha ; may eve n my corpse be rendered subservient to the protection of the holy T M inisters . herefore I pray that Your Lordships would be pleased to direct to cremate the corpse of him who has been as submissi ve as a slave to the S a n gha at a suitable spot within the yard of the M i Uposa th a hall within sight of the aha C ét y a . H avi n g given utterance to the above H i s M ajesty addressed his brother for the last time thus :

M T i n y beloved issa , do thou complete the most

’ elaborate a n d perfect ma n n er all th e r e m ai n i n g work at the great D agaba ; hold flower - offeri n gs morning and evening daily at this S hri n e ; keep up three times a day the sacred service with the full band of n n musicia s at the S hri e . Whatever may have been the offeri n gs a n d duties prescribed by me to be made R T on account of the noble eligion of the athagata , C do thou , my hild , keep up the same without any n diminutio .

T h e n n o n e foregoi g sente ces , uttered by of the n n most powerful mo archs that La ka possessed , quite clearly r e - echo the highest veneration and regard of the pI O u s Buddhists towards R uw a n w e l i D h i t e C ét a . agaba , incomparable y

T h e n D u tth a Ki g Gamini , who expired imme di ate l y after he had declared the final exhortatio n to

S T 1 3 7 B C . his brother , was succeeded by addha issa in H e completed the spire of the D agaba a n d the whole edifice was plastered a n d pai n ted in appropriate “ h . T colours e top was crown ed with a gol de n pi n nacle . T h e wall rou n d the S a l apa ta l a M a l u wa (grou n d laid with slabs) was built a n d the same was adorn ed with n n four hu dred elephant faces , which arrangeme t XVI II .

A A BA R UWA NW E LI D G . 4 9

400 n produced an impression of elepha ts , one hundred o n D each side of the agaba , watching it O n the S a l apa ta l a M a l u wa there stand the statues of the Buddhas a n d the supposed statue o f the Ki n g D u tth a Gamini a n d also that of Bhatiya

T he n . T issa . i scription slab deserves perusal T h e n T n Ki g Bhatiya issa , who asce ded the

20 B . C . o n throne in , a certain occasion festooned the D agaba from the pedestal ledge to t h e t o p of the n n spire with fragrant garla ds . O a subsequent occasio n he plastered the whole edifice with a paste made of vermilion a n d made it look as a bouquet of f r flowers by studding it with lowers . Upon anothe occasion he heaped up flowers of every description round the D agaba to the top of the pinnacle and the n * raisi n g water from Abhaya Wewa by means of machinery he poured water over the flowers from the very top of the C étiy a whose height the n had 1 2 A i n 0 . been cubits fter having , the same manner , o ff washed the colour over the plaster , a new colour D was applied , after which the agaba was covered r r with a d a pe y n e t studded with corals . S uch were the gra n d celebrations held at R u w a n w e l i M aha é i C t y a long long ago . 700 I t was , for the last time , restored years ago by the Ki n g P r a k r a m ab a h u the Great who had d P establishe olonnaruwa as the C apital . T h e circumference at the base of the D agaba is 900 feet and its height may be reckoned as 1 55 feet ; its S a l a pa ta l a ' M a l u wa is a square one having 480 n feet from east to west and south to orth . T his edifice of solid brick work has been partially n r i m a n a r P . a a n w ta S u sa a wrecked by i vaders N riest , T the present incumbent of the emple , commenced to

D 1 7 A . H restore this colossal agaba in 8 3 C . e has obtained support not only from the Buddhist community but a l So from the late Governor S i r

T s s m a a n n th I t i hi ll t k i s ju st b e hi d e D a g a b a . s c a ll e d b y th o s e I g n ora n t o f hi sto ry B a sawa k k u l a m a N LI D A A BA 50 R U WA W E G .

' - f o ae . William Gregory , the lover arch ology I n a ddition to the fi n ancial support rendered he had g iven the following testimonial :

A n u ra dh a tfra p ,

F e a 1 5t h 1 8 76 . bru ry ,

I h a v e vi sit e d th e R u wa n we l i D a g a b a a n d h a v e b e e n quit e s ur pri se d a t t h e pr o gr e s s m a de by Na r a n wita S u m a n a sa ra U n n a n s e i n th e r e sto ra ti o n o f thi s gre a t wo rk . O n ly thr e e y e a r s a n a g o it w a s a m e re pil e o f fa ll e n bri c k s . H e h s o w c o m pl e t e ly d h e e a e o n f h n c l e a re d it a n d h a s r e s to re t gr t r p rti o o t e b a s e m e t . T h e vigo ur di s pl a y e d by Na ra n wita S u m a n a s a ra U n n a n se d e se rve s e v e ry e n c o ura g e m e n t a n d I tru s t it will b e a ppr e c i a t e d by h i s n n 1 a ve m se c o n e d to s e s o a o n n o t c o u trym e . h y lf tribut thi r t r ti l o o k in g a t it a s a r e ligi o u s wo rk but a s th e c o n s e rv a ti o n o fa gr e a t n a ti o n a l m o n u m e n t . T h e b e st re s ult o fS i n h a l e se a r t a n d i de n tifi ed with o n e o fth e n e d n s wh d mo st po w e rful a n d e n light e Ki g o e v e r rul e thi s c o u n try . H W . . R E G O R G Y ,

n G o v e r o r .

T his indefatigable priest has done a great deal A of work to restore the D agaba . S ociety under the l i h i Wa rdh n title o”f R u w a n w e M a a c et ya a a S ama gama was organized i n th e month of August i n T h 1 902 to carry o n the restoration . e S ociety deserves warm support from everybody to carry on the most laborious task it has undertaken . “ T h e following extrac”ts from the M anual of - n North C e n tral P rovince would be of i terest . “ I n 1 853 ' i nha m a a n d there was a great p , the R u w a n w e l i D t C agaba was covered wi h white loth , a n d the existing large br”onze or copper was placed o n its summit . “ T h e R u Wa n we l i S D a works at the eya ( ag ba) , U n n a n s e under the direction of Naranwita , have been prosecuted almost without interruptio n si n ce n n the commenceme t of the year . By the mo th of M ay a sufficie n t S how of work had bee n made to

I t w a s thro w n do w n b y a stro ng b l o wi n g s ix y e a rs a g o a n d th e e s e n o n e w a s a c e d a e a a a o e pr t pl y r fter th t c c urr d .

E LI D A G A B A 5 2 R U WA NW .

n wa s his energy and co fidence of success , that his n n a n d countrymen by degrees bega to co tribute , I w a s able to strengthen his position by a private

contribution at each of my visits , and by a testimonial

- f H in favour of his praise worthy e forts . e has now

succeeded in completely restoring , or rather , I should a n d say , in replacing the whole of the base , is proceedi n g to the r e - casi n g of the upper part of the

building . I t is almost incredible the amount of work he has done in so short a time a n d with such sle n der f . c o u r se o means I n the clearing , many interesting — n n n objects came into his hands ri gs , orname ts , coi s — n n n all of which he has ha ded over to the Gover me t , a n and they are now in the M useum . S ever l importa t n b n n inscriptio s have ee laid bare , which , from havi g been so lo n g covered a n d protected thereby from n n the weather , are in good co ditio ; but much the

' n most interesti g discovery is that of four statues , n n T amo g them that of the Ki g Bhatiya issa , who n T 20 E C . reig ed hese statues , althoug h broken either by the fall of the bricks or by the hands of

invaders , are complete in their parts , and have j ust

been restored to their original positio n by M r .

- S mither (Fro\m a letter to the E arl of C arnarvon i r by S W. Gregory in Cha er pt XII .

A I R I D A A B H AY G AGA B .

A AM I N I A Wa l a a mb ah u wh o AT T G bhaya or g ,

assumed sovereignty in 455 B E . (89 had T to war against the amil invaders . When he w a s defeated i n a certain battle fought to the east of the C apital— Anuradhapura— h e fled on his state elephant ; a n d had to pass by the H indu temple ' that stood at the spot where Ab h ay a g i r i D agaba h was subsequently constructed . T e chief of that n temple was amed Giri , by which designation the

M n - C aha t at Buddha Gaya in the entral I ndia , is T n n o w k n ow n . hat man having seen the Ki g in his “ S flight shouted out , the great black inhalese is T h d fleeing . e King hear these impertinent words “ of Gi r l and resolved within imself Whenever my h , ” w . W ishes are realised , I will build a Vihara there hen n h at le gt victory crowned his efforts , according to his determination he pulled down the temple of Giri a n d erected at the same site this huge A s edifice . may be noticed at other shrines , image ir iv e n a s houses , monasteries , p and libraries were h built round about the D agaba . T e appellation A bh aya - g i r i is derived from the name of the King (Vatta g a mi n i) A bh aya and that of the incumbent of H n i r i G . the destroyed i du temple , T h e circumferen ce of this D agaba may be roughly put dow n as feet and its original 4 T height was 00 feet . his gigantic solid w ork of bricks had bee n plastered with a thick coating of lime mortar . T h ere are still parts of this plaster to n be see over the D agaba at certain spots . T his D agaba has a n extensive square S a l apa ta l a M a l u wa which is 600 ft . by 600 ft . T his raised ground laid with slabs i s enclosed by a half wall on R I D A A BA 54 A B H A Y A G I G .

T n n all the sides . here had bee a rampart arou d the Wel i M a l u wa that adjoins the platform ; and the w idth of this compound is 50 feet . T here are four u entrances where guard houses had been put p, through which the pilgrims a n d visitors had to gai n h n admission into the sacred premises . T e e trance R a n l i D o n the west leads directly to the u w w e agaba . “ T h e followi n g li n es are from the M an ual of the

P . N C . “ M ajorForbes notes that in 1 828 - 29 the whole of the Ab h ay a gi r i D agaba had been cleared of j ungle by a priest whose zeal in this difficult a n d dan gerous task was nearly recompensed with martyrdom — a fragment of the spire havi n g fallen n on a n d severely i j ured him . T his D ag aba 1 s referred to i n the early records of British occupation

“ ” ' C Wa a r n o i s the hurch of g y , a corruptio th”e n n B a i r i w : vulgar pro unciatio y g , hich is still in use 1 2 r F A I n a bout 88 M . isher writes heavy slip occurred o n the west front of the Abh ay a g i ri w D agaba last night , damaging t”h e square tower hich has hitherto remained intact . Upon this S ir Arthur Gordon minuted : “ T n I his should have been at o ce reported , as should have without delay in structed the D irector of P ublic Works to take steps to preve n t further injury to what is one of the most remarkable objects A r in nuradhapura . T hese great monuments a e ’ n A t T specially under the Governme t gen s care . hese n o t n d e str u c s slips are only da gerous to life , but are” tive of the monumen ts they descend upon . D i A n uring a v sit to uradhapura about this time , S i r Arthur Gordon decided to repair the summits of both the Ab h ay a g i r i a nd (M ihi n tale) M aha S eya D . I n n agabas , the case of the former , the portio of the spire w hich remained was reported to be i n n da ger , and the work was undertaken to secure its t s ability . At first it was thought that it merely “ r - a n d i equired under pining po nting , but as the work went on more extensive repairs were found

B H A Y A G I R I D A G A B A A . 55

w to be necessary , and unless these ere undertaken the e n ormous mass w a s likely to speedily fall to

A - pieces . large piece of the north west corner of

H ata ras - K ot uw a di s a the square , ( ) had already p

e a re d ~ a n d r n d p , it was he e that operatio s commence by diggi n g down through the d eb r i s to the solid “ work a”nd placing a c oncrete foundation . T h”e square was then built up ; the Buddhist - rail pattern on the existi n g ancie n t work was followed ; “ ” a n d the wheel (c h ak k r a) o n each face of the “ ” A square w a s restored . lmost the entire square was e n cased i n thick masonry upo n a concrete “ ’’ n fou n datio n . I n the restoratio of the square and “ ” spire the opportu n ity was taken of forming a concealed spiral staircase , by which access is given “ from the base of the squ are to th e summ i t of “ ” T h e the spire . works were carried out by the . P n E n n n successive rovi cial gi eers with priso labour , a n d i n O were completed ctober , ’ I n 1 r D 1 4 887 M . 88 ickson s suggestion , made in , was carried out by M r . l evers : “ ’ I M r D had long been anxious to carry out . ickson s wish that search s hould be made in the Ab h ay a g i r i D agaba for the books which tradition asserts were W r placed there . hile the wo k of restoration and preservation was being carried on at the summit , it seemed a favourable opportu n ity for commencing

i ' h A n th s s e a r c . ccordingly , with the asse t of Gov e r n m e n t a n d ‘ ch i e B u ddhi s t a u th or i ti es that of the f , l ay a n d ec c l es i a s ti c a l the work began in M ay . I was guided - by the result s of the excavation of the

' M e n iky a l a S tupa (vide Ferguso n ) in the method of r — n , p ocedure a tu nel wa s started 33 ft . above the ' l e v e l o fth e ’pav e d courtyard M aluwa a n d carried 5 4 . h n yds to t e ce tre . From thence a vertical shaft

' was sunk t o the level of the M aluwa . N o valuable was u deposit fo nd , although a large collection was n of a of n n obtai ed rticles a tiquaria interest , which

‘ appear to have been ex v oto offeri n gs made while ' i n il I l i b u di n . ta c s a r the structure was g ( e ours) . A B H A Y A G I R I D A GA BA 56 .

I n t h e followi n g year the excavation was con ti n u e d upo n the followi n g agreement with the Anu n ay a k a U n n a n se : T h e Govern ment Agent desires to make s earch for a n cie n t books or inscribed plates said by tradition to have been placed in this stupa ' ; in maki n g this search all unneces sary damage to t h e structure will

be avoided ; a n arrow passage will . b e cut a n d e x a m l n ati o n made near the ce n tre for. the objects a n e x a m i placed there ; y objects found will , after n ation , be carefully replaced and the passage closed u p . T h e bricks of which the dagaba i s built were laid i n an d beautiful order , so solidly constructed that it was necessary to cut with chisel a n d hammer to

form the tunnel to the centre . When t his had a dvanced 48 yds . from the outer surface it was “ ” ' n c w a s b ro k e n fou d that the bond of the bri ks , r n a n d on examination M . Wrightso showed that at some time after the origi n al structure w a s n completed , there had bee filling in of brickwork of a n inferior description of work i n an oblique direction from the top of the bell to the centre : T h e i n ference a n d was that the structure had been entered , that t h e n passage so made had been subseque tly filled up . 8 1 888 Upon the order of Government (November , ) t h e n n excavation was disco tinued . Later o the

s &c . tones , beads , shells , , found in the course of the excavation were replaced by the A n u n ay a k a U n n a n s e , and the tunnel was closed by brickwork . T he entrance to it was situated in a direct li n e with ‘ ’ a n d above the eastern altar . D I n close proximity to the agaba , was the A b ha gi r i M onastery about which Fa -H ian Priest “ writes thus — T hey have also built h e r e a hall

. w of Buddha , which is covered ith gold and

n . w silver e graved work , conjoined ith all precious s n ubsta ces . I n the midst of this hall is a jasper " figure of Buddha in height about 22 feet . T h e entire body glitters a n d sparkles with the seven precious

A B H A Y A G I R I D A A BA G . 57

a substances , whilst the v rious characteristic marks are so gloriously portrayed that no words can describe theeffect . I n”the right hand it holds a pearl of inestimable value . We are incli n ed to identify this most magnificent H n I mage ouse , that had been see by the illustrious C n hinese pilgrim years ago , with the rui s that h lay in parallel li e , towards the west , with the D T northern entrance of the agaba . hese ruins of massive brick walls testify to the fact that they are merely the remains of a hall that contained objects A of great value . stone coffer divided into little compartme n ts l yi n g within these walls seems to have served the purpo”se of both a relic - box and pedestal for the S tatue . C hapter XIII.

' JE T AWA NA RAMA A N D LA NKA RAMA DA A A G B S .

H E construction of the Je taw a na r a m a w a s commenced by the ‘ King M ah a se n a who n i n 2 809 E . H . 65 A . . ascended the thro e , ( c )

‘ b hi s M h n n ’ and was completed y son S iri e g aw a a . T his D agaba stands within the ancient Na n da n a Jo tiw a n a n pleasure garden or , that had adjoi ed the political C ity of Anuradhapura . I t was restored for the last time by that great King P r a k r a m a Bahu T h e n 700 years ago . circumfere ce of this edifice is n 2 about feet a d its height is 49 feet . I t D o n stands , as all other agabas do , a platform called S a l apa ta l a M a l u wa which appears to be 580 a n d square , having about feet from east to west n T m a l u a from orth to south . his w is surrounded by a sa n dy compound Wel i M a l u wa — whose breadth is 1 2 T 5 feet . here had been a half wall round the platform and a stone rampart round the Wel i M a l u wa . P r N . . M . I evers says in his M anual of the C “ 1 886 n Je taw a n a ra m a I n the orth chapel of , w d ebr i s hich was almost completely covered by , was explored and the fallen carved stones ”were A carefully taken out and laid o n the maluwa . n large number of antique beads were fou d , a small “ - k a r a n du w a n crystal dagab”a shaped , and a sto e k r n a a duw a . T h e n latter bore an inscriptio , and

M r . was forwarded , with a”report by Burrows , to C M the olombo useum . ’ S i r E merson T e n n ent s remarks with reference to this edifice are as follows : T h e solid mass of maso n ry in this vast mound is prodigious . 360 I ts diameter is feet , and its present height

A ND K A R A MA D A GA BA S JE T WA NA R A MA A LA N . 59

(i n c l u di n g ’the pedestal a n d spire) 249 feet ; so that; the contents of the semicirc u lar dome of brickwork and the platform of stone 720 feet square and 1 5 feet

e n . E high , xceed twenty millio s of cubic feet ven With th e facilities which modern i n ve n tio n supplies n th e ‘ b u il di n for economisi g labour , g of such a mass would at present occupy 500 bricklayers from six to seven years a n d would involve an expe n diture of at

~ i l h f least a m l i o n sterli n g . T e materials are su ficient n to raise eight thousand houses , each with twe ty feet frontage a n d these would form thirty streets

- - n half a mile in length . T hey would co struct a town

’ ’ the size of I pswich or C ov e ri tr y ; t hey would line an ’ w n n ordinary rail ay tu nel twenty miles lo g , or form a ' w al l e te n one foot in thickn ss and feet in height , n reaching from Lo don to E dinburgh . S uch are the dagabas of Anuradhapura; M r Li hi n r . e sc g says that the same materials a e f n 97 22 su ficie t to build a wall miles long , feet high , a n 2 d broad . n i n n La ds around this shr e are full of rui s , most w M r . of hich are undoubtedly religious . Bell , A ae C rch ological ommissioner , has been inducing the n 3 20 n Gover ment . to keep about acres of la d as h reservation . T e whole of this land is outside the limits of the S acred C ity of A n uradhapura — forme r M a h mé h a a . D g Garden But land where agabas , M n Viharas , onasteries and other religious buildi gs stood was never the property of the S inhalese

King or of any of the laity .

LA NKA RA M A D A G A B A . T his edifice is said to have been constructed by M h T the Queen of a a s e n a . his is one of the smallest T of its kind . h e beautiful pillars with excellently sculptured capitals , that stand around the remains of n the shrine , are some of the ma y that were set up to support the roof that had been erected over the D i n h r a m agaba , as the case of T u pa a . T here are 34 about pillars at present . Its circumference is 1 50 M 6 0 JE T A W A NA R A M A A N D LA NK A R A A D A G A B A S .

a n d th h e i ht feet e\g is only a few feet , the whole of the top a n d a greater portion of the dome having

falle n down . S ix a o B hik k h u S years g a of iam , who had been i n th e ‘ h o l l o w a recluse for some time , lived of a big "Ja l a tree that stood in the Wel i M a l u wa of this H i s D agaba . presence there attracted large crowds of Buddhists daily ; a n d the piety of the people was so much excited that a C ommittee was organized among themselves to restore the above edifice . J ust

n M r . . W at the i ception of this laudable movement , L n n A n Booth , the Gover me t ge t , backed up by the A ae C o n n rch ological ommissioner , appeared the sce e a n d issued an order o n the mo n k e n gaged in n meditation to quit the sacred premises at o ce , n claiming the same as the property of the C row . A n account of this deliberate violation of j ustice will be found in the chapter entitled “ Buddhist n Grieva ces .

6 2 B UD D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S .

t race behi n d and what is left to us now is the S acred C “ M 5 D ity ( orning Leader , th ecember , W H i s E hen xcellency , who has taken up the n n administration of the I sla d o ly four months ago , has bee n able to arrive at the just and most judicious v n ul erdict over the much vexed questio , it wo d not at all be an impossibility to discover the political C ity of Anuradhapura founded by that S inhalese k a h a 4 P n du b a 30 B . M a C . onarch y in about , if the a rch ae ological force were employed to clear the jungle arou n d Je taw a n a r a m a and to its north and

carry on regular exploration . T h e following li n es from the M a h a ma n sa would f e lucidate the exact situation . o these tw o cities

I n n M 1 . the eveni g of the first day that ahinda T hera the Royal Apostle visited Anuradhapura ' he d esired to return to M ihintale ; th e n when the King D e va n ampiya T issa reque sted him to stay ‘ at Na n dan a P en Jo tiw a n a T leasure Gard or , the hera

s aid . O n a cc ou n t ofi ts i mm edi a te pr ox im i ty to th e C i ty i t i s n ot c on ven i en t

2 . T hen the King said . ’ T h e pl ea su r e g a r d en M a h a m eg h a (for m ed by m y fa th er) i s n ei th er very d i sta n t n or ‘very n ea r

(C hapter XV) .

T h K i n c on du c ted th e T h er a u 3 . e g o t of th e S ou th er n Ga te of th e N a n da n a pl ea su r e g a r d en i n to ’ th e M a h a me h a l ea su r e a r d en C g p g ( hapter XV) .

n n 4 . T here (o the Wester side of the spot where

- the B o tree was subsequently planted) furn ishing . a n a n d delightful royal palace with sple did beds , chairs o ther conveniences (C hapter XV . )

' 5 . (Account of the procession of the Right

- C ollar bo n e Relic) .

After that the elephant turned bac k with th e T en tered th e s l e ndi hera and the military array , and p d XXI II .

64 B U D D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S .

distance from M aha Vihara (combination of T hupa

S B o - R u aw n w e l i T e m l e s rama , acred tree and p ) to the ru1 ns of the political C ity may be reckoned as one and n a h a l f mile in the orthern direction . Judging from Je taw a n a ra m a this standard it is quite manifest that , La n k a ra m a M , enik Vihara and all other things to the north of T h upa ra m a are the surrou n di n gs and n associations of the rui s of the royal palace , houses ' n d f n a . o the obility , military barracks , so on T hose interested i n the admi n istration of justice are particularly requested to r e - read chapter fifth a n d satisfy themselves that our prayer to the British n n Gover me t , founded on the best of laws , that the S acred C ity of A n uradhapura exclusively set apart for religious purposes a n d therefore of the utmost s anctity to the Buddhist world , should be treated as such a n d n ot be allowed to be desecrated in the a n d a s most despotic reprehensible manner , it

h a 1 873 A . c . s been since , deserves immediate w investigation , hich step , we are positive , would lead to a satisfactory settlement

T H E D E VO T I O N O F T H E B u D D H I S T s T o T H E

A C R E D I T S C Y .

T h e following passages would prove (1 ) that the Buddhist pilgrims have visited the S acred C ity year after year ; (2) that Buddhist monks and the lay servitors have been in conti n uous residence i n the S acred C ity ; (3) that the Buddhist public regard it with the highest reverence ; (4) that the Buddhists have been quite peaceful a n d true to the noble cause until the interference of certain officers and n i troduction of arrack godown , liquor shops and so

forth . D r D H z — M . s a s avy in his istory y ( anual , North C P — entral rovince p . A n C C uradhapura , so long apital of eylon , is now A a small mean village in the midst of a desert . two large tank , numerous stone pillars , or three V XXI .

T 6 6 B U D D H I S G R I E VA NC E S .

l a er n i n th di r n ot been a s i ng e t v e s t i c t. S oon after one * was established at A n uradhapura a n d in 1 866 67 n M Mihi n ta l e there were ope ed at adawachchi , T I n a n d M . 1 886 aradankadawala , on the North road n 87 another was ope ed at Kekirawa , on the N orth ’ 1 24 r o a df (p . )

r Li e s c hi n i n 7 , M . g his administratio n report for 1 870 says I t (S a cr ed - B o - tr ee) i s s ti l l ten d ed wi th m os t r u u l ou s c a r e n o o n e sc p ; is allowed to pluck a leaf . T h e branches are carefully propped up with iron 2 1 6 rods . (p . )

Li hi n 1 870 M r . e sc 8 . g in has made the following record : “ T here is a n n ually a gatheri n g from all parts of the I sland at A n uradhapura to visit what are called

the S acred places . I suppose about peopl e m h er a n d c o e e . , remain for a few days , then leave T n here are no houses for their receptio , but under the grand umbrageous trees of our park - like environs they erect their little booths and picnic in the ope n A air . s the height of the festival approaches th e pl a ce bec om es i n s ti n c t wi th l i fe ; and when there is n o n u n c e re m room left to camp i , the later comers o n i o u sl y take possessio n of the veran dahs of the public

. S o n buildings orderly is their co duct , however , n that n o one thi n ks of disturbi g them . T h e old n n n o t kachcheri sta ds , a detached buildi g far from

T hi s ta ve rn th a t w a s o p e n e d i n th e h e a rt o f th e S a c re d C ity i s s till

e e a n d i s n ow t h e c e s o e o f a a c fo r t h e o e P o n c e . I t h a s th r , hi f t r rr k wh l r vi b e e n th e m e a n s o f c re a ti n g th o u s a n d s o fdru n k a rd s a n d m i se r a b l e pe o pl e i n - P n h e e n r - t h e North C e n tra l ro vi c e d uri n g t l a st h a lf a c tu y . S o b e r h e a rte d m - m e t h P h t o m i m e n b e c a e m i s c hi e f a k rs a n d e o li c e a d c o e n . A l l th e s e n o d c o n s n n o n t o t h e S a c e d C fo r e n - tw o c e n e s i tr u ti , u k w ”r ity tw ty turi . “ pe rh a ps h a ve i n c re a s e d t h e re ve n u e I t w a s a m o st d i a b o l i c a l a c t to h a ve i n tro d u c e d thi s vi c i o u s h a b it a m o n g t h e pe o pl e w h o w e re e n tire ly fre e fro m t h e pra c ti c e ; a n d th e m a n w h o s e l e ct e d t h e s ite fo r th e t a ve rn i n th e m id s t o f th e s e h o ly S hri n e s m u s t h a v e b e e n a n i g n o ra n t fo o l " Y e t it i s a o e d t o b e e e A n d i n a dd o n e e s s o s a e b e e n ll w th r iti . thr whi ky h p h v n m o e e d o f c o s e t h e e s s o n o f t h e G o e n m e n . p , ur , with p r i i v r t “ 1 T h e tav e r n a t M ihi n ta l e i s n o t fa r fro m t h e fo o t o f t h e h o ly ro c k a n d i s o n t h e e m e a n d n o w e m e d C o n e t pl l t r r w pro p rty . Wh y o n e a rth s h o uld thi s h a ve b e e n O p e n e d th e re wh e re th o u s a n d s o fp e O pl e a s s e m b l e a n n u a lly fo r re lig i o u s purpo s e s XXV .

68 B U D D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S .

A T A M A S T H A NA C O M M I T T E E .

6 6 T A MAS T H A NA mean s eight chief spots or T localities . hese sacred spots accordi n g to the M a h a va n sa were me n tio n ed by the n T n D e v a n a m i a ° T i M ahi da hera to the Ki g p y s s a . After th e dedicatio n to the S a n gha of the M a h a m ég h a Garden the M aha T hera marked out the eight n n n n followi g spots for the i formatio of the Ki g .

T hese were . (1 ) T h e place where the rites a n d ceremonies n h were performed by the mo ks . T e buildi n g e”rected hereo n was named M n alaka , bei g situated to the south of the spot where the T heras had lived i n the first month in the h m h a M a a ég Garden . (2) T h e spot where a po n d was formed fo r n the mo ks to bathe . T his spot was situated to the n orth of the place where the T heras passed the first

n ight .

- (3) T h e site of the sacred Bodhi tree . a h H T h e site of the U po s t a all . (5) T h e spot at which the various o fferi n gs made to the priesthood collectively

were divided by the assembled monks . (6) T h e spot where the refectory called the ‘ ” C at u s sal a of the monks was

erected . R uw a n w e l i M i (7) T h e site of the aha C ét y a . (8) T h e spot by the side of the M a l w atu O y a where the chief T hera had stayed a n d m where T i s s a r a a was built .

n . 56 (S e e M a h a va sa chap . XV pages T his does n o t signify that shri n es such a s Je taw a n a r a m a are n ot held sacred and objects of “ ” n At a m a sth a n a revere ce ; but to the Buddhists , according to history , means the above eight places n and othing more . V XX I .

I G I C 70 B U D D H ST R E VA N E S .

(2) T h e three R ate m ah atm ay a s of N uw e r a k a l a v iy a ; (3) T h e seventee n K o r a l a s of the same

district . When we remember that all these twenty - one ‘ members are mi n or Govern me n t servants at the he c k a n d call of the Government Age n t of the P rovince the power a n d authority exercised by this “ ” A a m a s th a n a C bastard t ommittee ”can be realised . I f th e Ata m a sth a n a C ommittee were acting i n the capacity of a l o c a l board looking after the places n n n me tioned , their positio can be u derstood ; but n the attempt to make them the i termediary , through which only the Buddhists c a n approach the Govern ment in matters religious co n n ected with the S acred C c a n i n n o ity of the Buddhists , way be justified and c a n only be looked upon as an act of O fficial blunder . n 42 T h e I n the same ma ual page also occur , A n n k n Ata m a th a n u ay a a is chief mo k of the s a . T h e A n u n a a k a electors of the y , were the head of the Nu w e ra w e w a family ; the three R ate m a ha t r l B u h M a l a mayas and the 1 7 K o a a s . t t e w tt”e n i m l a i m r i h i n r fr a ter ty a t on e ti e c ed a g t of te fer en ce . A n u n ay ak a means vice - chief priest and is the representative of the Buddhist H igh P riest residi n g h n at the M a l w atte Vihare at Ka n dy . T e term co notes that he owes his positio n to the chief Buddhist P riest ; a n d as such he is appointed by the Priest hood presided over by the Nayaka or the C hief P i n riest . T h e laity have n o voice the election of a n A n u n ay a k a ; and the paragraph the electors of the A n”u n ay a k a were the head of the N u w e r aw e wa n - family etc . can o ly be called a mis statement “ i n ten ded to j ustify the appoi n tme n t of a n Ata m a s

thana C ommittee . T h e passage which we have italicised if it means n n n n a n d a ythi g , co firms our stateme ts , shows that the j ust claims of the M a l watte Vihare H igh Priest n are passed over by the official eleme t . It must be D H I C E S I B U D S T G R I E VA N . 7

emphasized that the chief C ommittee of monks unde r the presidency of the chief H igh P riest of M al w atte Fraternity appoi n t a H igh Priest for the North C e n tral Province whose duties n ecessarily include ” ’ r M the Ata m a sth a n a as defi n ed in M . I evers anual as well as the Ata m a sth a n a mentioned i n the h n a H n H P M a l w a tte M a a va s . e ce the igh riest of the Vihare has spiritual j urisdictio n n ot only over the P n Ata m a sth a n a but also over the whole rovi ce .

— H I G H H A N D E D P R O C E E D I N G S O F O F F I C I A L S .

T h e followi n g correspo n dence and reports from newspapers would give an idea of the manner in which the Buddhist rights to the S acred C ity o f n A n u radhapura have been shamefully ig ored . [C opy ofM em or i a l ofth e A n u r a dh apu r a B u ddhi s t D efen c e C omm i ttee for a n d on beh a lf of th e B u ddh i s t C omm u n i t o C e l on d a ted 70th M a r c h 79 02 y f y , , s u bm i tted to H i s E xcel l en cy th e Gover n or of C eyl on ]

R E S P E C T F U L L S H E W E T H Y ,

T hat this C ommittee considered what has bee n ’ said by Your E xcellency a n d the H o n bl e the C olo n ial S ecretary in reply to the two motion s brought forward on the 24th O ctober last by the ’ H o n bl e M ember representi n g the S i n halese of

U - C n n p country in the Legislative ou cil , concerni g

C D &c . the haitya lands and excavations of agabas , , i n A n uradhapura . 2 . T hat copies of some of the letters of the

n n A n - C n P Gover me t ge t of the North e tral rovince , whereby the rights a n d privileges of the Buddhists have been overlooked and slighted a n d those of some of the letters of the Buddhists are herewith

enclosed . " Letter NO . 1 refers to the land E ast of the R u w a n w e l i D agaba whereo n fou n datio n for a

T h e c o o f s i py thi s l o st . I I A N S 7 2 B U D D H S T G R E V C E .

n - D h a r m a s a l a for the use of pilgrims was dug . I as

- C n P much as it is haitya la d , the incumbent riest of the R u w a n w e l i s e y a T emple rightfully a n d religiously employed people i n diggi n g the site for laying the n n n fou datio s for a religious edifice , whe he was disturbed i n the co n ti n u a n ce of the work By the n n n n A n i terfere ce of the Gover me t ge t , which has i n n n n resulted the suspe sio of the work ever si ce . 2 i n n Letter N o . is refere ce to that portio n of the K o n g a h a m a l u w a n o w e n closed for a flower

n n n n R . garde , otwithsta di g the protest of the evd H A m h n T h igh P riest of the ta a st a a . e usurpation

n o n - n of this spot by Buddhists , which had bee in continuous possessio n of the Buddhists for over years would be the mea n s of i n j uri n g the loyal feelings of the Buddhists of the w hole I sla n d i n S &c . as well as of those Burmah , iam , , who hold A n n n the C ity of uradhapura as a ce tral S hri e . “ i n Letter N o . 3 is reference to the Welimaluwa L k T of the a n a ra m a D agaba . w o priests havi n g come from S iam were living withi n the sacred e n closure of this D agaba a n d they were ejected by

M r . n W . the order of L . Booth , the Gover ment

A n h - n ge t . T e high ha n ded i n terfere ce of the Govern me n t Age n t i n ejecti n g ecclesiastics from a n sacred spot which by right belo gs to the Buddhists , a place set apart by Buddhist Ki n gs for the use of n ot Buddhists of all times , does seem to be appro r ia te a n p ; d is ag ai n st Buddhist ecclesiastical laws . T o repudiate these laws by a n O fficial of the positio n n n A n n to of a Gover me t ge t , petitio ers submit , is * ig n ore the Ka n dya n T reaty of 1 8 1 5 by which the British Govern me n t agreed to protect a n d mai n tain

all places of worship . 4 Letter No . with i n closures relates to a portion of the land called Ada h a n a M aluwa whereo n the Buddhists wa n t to erect a Pi r iv e n a for the use of

T h e R e lig i o n o f B u ddh a pro fe s s e d b y th e C hi e fs a n d i n h a b it a n ts o f e se r o v m c e s i s d e c a e d n o a b e a n d i ts r i h ts mi n i s ter s a n d l a ces o th p l r i vi l l , ” g , , p f w or shi a r e to be m ai n tai n ed a n d r ote ted p p c .

B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S . 73

h T h e n n n B hik k u s . fou datio sto e was laid for the same buildi n g o n the 24th D ecember last (bei n g the 2 209th A n n , niversary of the planti g of the sacred

- T h e B o tree i n A nuradhapura) . S ecretary of the above me n tioned C ommittee havi n g replied to letter A A . of the Government gent the digging of the

‘ whole fou n dation was begu n o n the 24th Ja n u a ry

o n C . last , which day letter was received from the n n Government Age t . I n complia ce therewith that E n n . a work too has been suspended closures B . d

D . are copies of letters which were forwarded in T h A a n d . v . e reply to the enclosures . C respecti ely

f n A . 2 n d a n d 3 r d paragraphs O e closures and C . respectively i n dicate the uncalled for i n terfere n ce with the harmless proceedi n gs of the Buddhists by directi n g the removal of the sig n - board of the M aha

Bodhi S ociety . T hese are some of the grieva n ces about the b on a dd e C haitya la n ds i n the S acred C ity of A n u r a dh a pura . T A n 3 . hat the uradhapura Buddhist D efen ce C ommittee beg to state that they are prepared to poi n t out to Your E xcelle n cy several acts of va n dalism committed by officers of the A r c h ae o l o g i cal D epartme n t i n the destructio n of S hrines which a r e objects of worship by a livi n g Buddhist nation n n n E n a d of a livi g religio . xperime tal exploratio n of these shri n es might be tolerated if Buddhism was a dead religion . 4 T n . hat the loyalty of the S i halese Buddhists to the British C rown is due mai n ly to the n eutrality O bserved by the British Govern me n t i n regard to their holy Religio n ; a n d the prese n t attempt to e n croach upo n - co n secrated grou n d o n the part of G overnme n t O fficials would te n d to disturb the n n religious feeli gs of the truly loyal S i halese . T h e n umber of pilgrims will after the exte n sio n of the R ailway to A n uradhapu ra i n crease a hu n dred fold a n d our earnest prayer is that Your E xcellency will ’ take our prese n t grieva n ces into Your E xcellency s B D D H I S T G R I E VA N C E 74 U S . favourable consideration and redress them to thei r satisfaction a n d that all future exploratio n s be carried on i n accorda n ce with the pri n ciples of

Buddhist E cclesiastical Law .

S d . M E D H A N KA R A [ g ] , P A D . . . C resident , . B

H P - ( igh riest of North C e n tral Provi n ce . )

H I S d . W A R S C H A ND R A [ g ] . ,

D . . S A . . C ecretary , B

2 N o . .

[P eti ti on pr o testi n g a g a i n st th e en cl osu re ofg r o u n d ]

- . N C e n a T o th e G o e n m e n A e n &c . &c . &c o v r t g t , , , , rth tr l P o n c e A n ad a a T h e m e e o n of S ri S m a n a r vi , ur h pur . hu bl p titi u

h a n a a n d N C . P fo r M edh a n k a ra Na a a U n n a n se of Ata m a st . y k . a n d o n e a o f t h e C e B dd s C o m m n of C e o n b h lf hi f u hi t u ity yl , H m S e e u bly h w th , ’ T h a t y o ur H o n o r s P e titi o n e r hu mbly b e g s l e av e t o s ubm it th a t th e e spl a n ade o ppo s it e to t h e S a c re d B o - tr e e a n d B ra z e n” P a a c e c a e d M a a M a a a n d e c e n Ko n a h a m a l u wa l , ll h luw r tly g wa s l e ft fro m ti m e i mme m o ri a l d uri n g th e pa s t y ea r s fo r t h e u se o f th e pilgri m s o r fo r th e ir b e n e fit wh e n th e y c o m e fr o m a l l pa rt s o f th e w o rld o n fe stiya l d a y s fo r w o r s hi ppi n g th e sac re d a c e s o f A n a d a a m o n s a n d m o n s a n d n o n pl ur h pur by illi illi , Ki g th a t e v e r rul e d o v e r thi s I s l a n d m ade a n y r e stri c ti o n - o r pr o h ib i o n fo r s n a n d wa s e fo r a o se m a n a n d wa s ti u i g it it l ft th t p urp i ly , a so s ed so u t o d a e o a n o o n a e e . l u , p t with ut y pr hibiti wh t v r T h a t withi n a c irc l e o f 48 m il e s th e re a r e rui n s a l m o s t o n e a d o n n th e o e i n s o o n e e a r e n o e m a n s o f j i i g th r , but thi p rti th r r i a n n s c a c se s o s a wa s e e fo r t h e y rui , whi h f t it lf h w th t it pur ly l ft u se o f th e m s pilgri . T h e P e titi o n e r i s n o w giv e n to u n de r st a n d th a t a po rti o n o r th e wh o l e o f th e sa id e s pl a n a de (M a h a M a luw a ) i s t o b e fe n c ed " o n d th th o n o n e s h c h i s a e a t o s s a n d a n r u wi r y ir wir , w i gr l i n c o n ve n i e n c e to th e m illi o n s o f w o r s hi ppe r s th a t c o m e fro m a l l a s o f h t e o d a n n o a c e t o s o &c . a n d o d b e p rt w rl h vi g pl t p , , it w ul th m e a i n b a r t o th e ir c o m i n g fo r w o r s hi p a n d i s e qu a l t o a n e x a c t

L a n a e f - g u g o a l a te pe titi o n dra w e r a t A n ura dh a pura »

B U D D H I ST G RI E VA NC E S .

o n of e c o m n i n c w a s n eve do n e d n th e pr hibiti g th ir i g , whi h r uri g a s so m a n e a s a s a o e sa d a n d wa s n e e e x e c e d a n d p t y y r f r i v r p t , it l h b e a b a r to a l t e e o s c e e m o n e s & c . o c e s s o n s a s will r ligi u r i , (pr i ) th e re will b e n o s u ffi c i e n t s pa c e fo r th e th o u sa n d s o f m e n th a t a e e d o e e o n s c d a s a re g th r t g th r u h y . Wh e re fo r e pra y s th a t it m a y pl e a se y o ur H o n o r t o st o p th e n u o f t h e sa d e n c n d a n s s putti g p i f e a gr t ju tifi e d r e dre s .

F o r whi c h a c t o f g o o d n e s s t h e pe titi o n e r a s i n d uty b o u n d e e a will v r p r y ,

M E D H A N K A R A S d . ( g ) ,

H P e s N . C . P igh ri t ,

l 7 th 1 900 A n a d a a . Ju y , , ur h pur

N o . 3 .

T o t h e B u ddhi s t P ri e s t s qu a tti n g o n C ro w n L a n d

n e a L a n k a ra m a D a a a A n a d a a . r g b , ur h pur Y o u a r e h e re by r e qu e s t e d to quit b e fo r e t h e 3oth i n st a n t th e C ro w n L a n d o c c u pi e d by y o u with o ut a uth o rity n e a r L a n k a ra m a D a g a ba . B O O T H L . W . ,

G o e n m e n A e n N . O . P v r t g t , A n a d a a a c c e ur h pur K h h ri , 1 h 1 1 9 t O c o e 90 . t b r ,

N o . 4 .

[C o r respon den ce on A da ha n a M a l u wa — cr ema ti o n g rou n d ] A

T . h n m n A n N C P r W . H a s t e o e e e . o M o m . F G . r v r t g t , ri

C a n d a da e d 4th a n a 1 902 A n a d a a . h r , t J u ry , , ur h pur S I R — l a e th e o n o t o e e s o u t o b e o od e n o , h v h ur r qu t y g ugh t o e x pl a i n yo ur a c ti o n i n c a u s i n g 2 W ewa r a n a ~ t re e s a n d l K ir ik o n tr e e whi c h s t o o d o n C r o w n L a n d s itu a t e d b e tw e e n t h e K u tta n P o k u n a o a d a n d th e o a d e ad n t o t h e J e ta w a n a ra m a r , r l i g D s i a a a to b e e e d o m e m s o n . g b , f ll with ut y p r i “ 2 - a a . I a l so ”r e qu e st y o u t o c a u se t h e S ig n b o a rd M h B o dh S o c e t h c h h a s e e n s e t u o n t h e s a m e a n d a t th e i i y , w i b p l c o r n e r wh e re t h e r o a d to th e K u tt a n po k u n a a n d th e I n n e r C ir c ul a r m e e to b e e m o e d t , r v .

I a m S i r o o e d e n se a n , , y ur b i t rv t ,

. B T H L . W O O , P G o . A e n N . O . . vt g t , D H I S T G R I E A NC E 76 B U D V S .

B

O f c e o f t h e A n a d a a B dd s D e e n c e C o m m e e fi ur h pur u hi t f itt . 24 5

T o th e G o e n m e n A e n A n a d a a . 1 0 th J a n u a r v r t g t , ur h pur q g2

S I R — VVith e e e n c e t o o e e e a n NO o f th e , r f r y ur l tt r b ri g . 4th n s a n I a e t h e o n o t o n o m o u a th e e e s o u i t t , h v h ur i f r y , th t tr y d o n ha i t a a n d a n d n o t n C n a n d r e fe rre d to s t o o C y l o ro w l . T h e o bj e c t o f c a u s i n g t h e sa m e t o b e fe ll e d wa s to c l e a r t h e s it e fo r a S e m i n a ry B uil d i n g ( Pi r i ve n a) fo r t h e B hik k h u s i n y o ur n P ro vi c e . I a m S i r o o e d e n s e a n , , y ur b i t rv t , W H A R I S C H A N D R A . ,

S e c e a A . B . D . C r t ry , .

C

F h n . T r n P o M . W o m t e G o e m e n A e N C . H a s r v r t g t , . . ri c a n d a S e c e a B dd s D e e n c e C o mm e e A n a d a a h r , r t ry , u hi t f itt , ur h pur D a d 24 h n 1 2 e t a a 90 . t J u ry , — S I R W e e e n c e t o o e e N o . 20 o f l oth n s a n , ith r f r y ur l tt r i t t , I h a v e th e h o n o ur t o s t a t e th a t y o ur c l a i m whi c h y o u h a v e n o t a e m e d t f de n n n e a dm o s o a e o e c e c a o b e d . tt pt u pp rt with tittl vi , t itt T h e a n d i th n l s e pro pe rty o f th e C r o w . 2 a n s c . I r e se rve t o m y s e lf th e right t o t a k e h e r e ft e r a y u h a c o n a s m a se e m o e e s e c t o th e e s a s s o n a n d ti y pr p r with r p t tr p , da m a e t o C o n o e a e a d c o m m e d o u a n d I g , r w pr p rty lr y itt by y , h e re by w a r n y o u th a t a n y furth e r tre s pa s s o r m i s c hi e f by y o u o n th e sa m e o r a n o e C ro n a n d b e c o m m e d at o , y th r w l will itt y ur r fl pe . A u m e 3 . s y o h a v e d i s re g a rd e d my r e qu e s t to y o u t o r e o v th e S n - oa d c o u a e se t u o n s a n d I e e ig b r whi h y h v p thi l , h r by m a k e fo rm a l o rd e r o n y o u t o r e m o v e it withi n o n e w e e k fro m s da thi t e . I a m S i r o o e d e n s e a n , , y ur b i t rv t , B H L . W O O T . , P A n N . C . . G o . e vt g t ,

S l s t J a n u a ry T o th e G o . A e n A n a d a a vt g t , ur h p ur .

S I R — l n c o m a n c e t h e n m a o n i n 2 n d a a a of , pli with i ti ti p r gr ph

o e e No . 1 87 e a n d a e th e 24th n s a n I a ve y ur l tt r , b ri g t i t t , h

M r . Booth l a b o ure d o n t h e a uth o rity o f a wro n g tra n s l a ti o n i n t h e E n s M a ha va n sa h o s g li h whi c h w a”s po i n t e d o u t b y t e a uth r o f thi wo rk . “ C a . XX 80 h p p . we stwa rd o f t h e T h u pa r a m a D a g a b a o ug ht to b e “ ” e a s a d a c c tw r o rd i n g to Pa li a n d S i n h a l e s e C O pi e s o f th e M a h a va n sa . S i n c e th e n t h e G ove rn m e n t h a s a ll o tt e d a po rti o n o f t h e A d a h a n a M a luwa c r e m a t xo n o n d — fo r t h e u s e o f t h e m o n s t h e e s o f th e a n d b e n gr u k , r t l i g e a e d b o f c a s a s C o n a n f r h n tr t y fi i l r w l d o t e pre se t .

78 B U D D H I S T G R I E VA N C E S .

m a t e n c o ac Ag e n t h a s b e e n i n s tru c t e d t o r e si st a n y a tt e pt s r h k a n m e n t by ej e c ti o n o f pe r s o n s s e e i n g t o e st a bli s h titl e by t ki g

d a l l e a m e a n s . o c c u pa ti o n o f C r o w n l a n d s a n by o th r l wful

I a m , S i r , &c . ,

fo r C o o n a S e c e a l i l r t ry . T M e dh a n k a ra H P e s o igh ri t , P e s de n t A n a dh a a B ddh s t r i , ur pur u i

D e e n c e C o mm i e e A n a d a a . f tt , ur h pur

T h e A tti tu de o f the A rc h aeol og i ca l C o mmi ssi on er to wa rds d S S a cr e i tes .

T h e followi n g appeared i n the C eylo n S tandard 1 5th n 1 903 : dated J u e ,

A fe w d a s a o M r . B e A c aeo o c a C o m m ss o n e h ad . y g ll , r h l gi l i i r , tt a ll o w e d th e D i s tri c t E n gi n e e r to re m o v e c e rta i n s to n e s fr o m th e buildi n g s whi c h a r e re c o g n i z e d a s a n c i e n t B udd hi st C o ll eg e s . A c o m pl a i n t r e g a rdi n g thi s wa s m ade by th e H igh P ri e s t b e fo re P o M a s a e wh o o de e d th k t b e M r . B ra n e c e e o o y , li gi tr t , r r w r

o m s o e d a e c o mm n c a n th e A . C . wh o pr ptly t pp , but ft r u i ti g with sa id th a t th e H ig h P r i est ha d n o r ig ht wha tever to the l a n d i n q u esti o n or the ston es th e re a n d th a t th e y w e re th e pro pe rty o f G o v e r n m e n t a n d th a t h e w o uld pe r so n a lly h o l d hi m se lfr e s po n sibl e fo r th e e m o a o f th e s o n e s e s m a fo r m e n d n o a d s th e r v l t pr u bly i g r , D s c E n n e e wa s a o e d to e s m e th e e m o a o f s o n e s i tri t gi r ll w r u r v l t , whi c h wa s do n e i n su ch a ma n n er a s to ca u se a n no ya n ce to t c ommu n it T he ston es wer e b r ok n u i n to sma l l the B u ddhi s y . e p s o t n d e n e m o e d a T s h a s bi ts on th e p a th r v by c rtl o a d s . hi c a u se d gre a t d i ssa ti sfa c ti o n a m o n g th e re s i de n t B uddhi st s a s th e y fo u n d th a t th e y were qu i te po wer l ess to check thi s a ct o”f va n da l i sm o wi n g to the hig h o fiz ci a l sta tu s of th e ofii cers con cern ed . 1 907 1 25 I n January , , about cartloads of stone relics were brought from the S acred C ity to the C olombo

T - n M useum . hese most high handed actio s of the Arch aeological C ommissioner have ever bee n not o n ly n tolerated but even e couraged by the Government . ’ I n S i r Arthur Gordo n s time a moonstone was being carried away from the T h u par a m a grounds i n a n

S e e e L I T e s r e m t pl a t X V . h e a s o e o f th e sto n e s th a t w e re m a rk e d o b e e d c e d t n h r u o m a ttl e . O a c c o u n t o f t h e i n te rfe re n c e o f th e B udd hi sts t e c o o li e s h a d t o l e a ve t h e s ite o fM a h a P a d u m a Pi r i ve n a l e a vi n g th e s e sto n e s e e e a re n ow wh r th y . B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S . 79

W D e lephant cart . hen this stone reached ambulla the good Governor heard of it a n d ordered the n same to be take back , with the result that it was

replaced . I t is an act of outrage to attempt to devastate the S acred C ity which has existed as a place of a n tiquities for twe n ty - two centuries ; and we ca n n ot u n dersta n d why a n official of the type of B l l n P . e H . . M r . C should be left u checked by the n n n G over ment in his va dalistic proceedi gs . “ T h e C e yl o n M o r n i n g L e a de r i n it s e d it o ri a l o f th”e 1 4th “ S e e m e 1 907 o n T h e A c ae o o c a C o mm s s o n e sa s : pt b r , , r h l gi l i i r y T h e A rc h ae o l o gi c a l C o mm i s s i o n e r i s i n th e u n fo rtu n a t e po siti o n o f a v n n o e s a n s o f a n d — ifwe e c de th e B dd s s h i g r tr i t th t ki , x lu u hi t , w h o o m m e t o m e a se th e c r i n th e de n e s s tha t thei r fr ti ti , r i y wil r sa cr ed si tes a r e bei ng u n n ecessa r i l y i n va ded . T h e w o rk o f th e A r c h ae o l o gi c a l C o mm i ss i o n e r h a s b e e n a ter m i n cog n i ta to th e G o ve r n m e n t a n d t h e p ubli c We w a n t a r e tur n fo r th e e x pe n ditur e o fo v e r R u pe e s — so m e thi n g t h e wide w o rld i s e x pe c ti n g fr o m thi s fa vo ure d s po t o f A r c h aeo l o gi c a l w o rk - we w a n t th e d e t a il ed r e po rt o f th e Ar c h aeo l o gi st with a l l it s i n v a lu a bl e s ide light s o n th e hi sto ry o f A i n l n n c e t C e y o . ‘

M P O R T A NT C O R R E S P O N D E N C E I T H H I S M AJ E S T T H E I N I W Y K G .

r n a r . A . G e e c e . S , U ,

24 24th J uly ,

T o H I S G RA C I O U S M AJ E S T Y T H E K I N G O F E NG LA N D

F D I A A N D E M P E R O R O I N .

O U R R AC I O U S M AJ E S T Y G Y ,

T h e S inhalese Buddhists of C eylo n are bei n g persecuted by the subordi n ate officers of Your ’ M n n i n n a n ajesty s Gover me t , who ig or ce of the i n C n n sacred history of Buddhism eylo , thi k that t R n hey could violate the inviolable laws of eligio . 8 0 B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S .

T w o thousand two hu n dred years before the advent of C hristianity i n to C eylo n the Buddhists have had a n oble religio n . T hey were taught not n o t to destroy life , to take liquor , to make life noble by the study of their philosophy , psychology , art , d n n i &c . a n , by stre uous exertio to become w se and A n holy . religio of absolute purity was their n a n d i n n S inherita ce , that beautiful I sla d the inhalese A n i n n n rya s lived peace , buildi g stupe dous tanks ,

- &c . da wonderful shrines , which stand even to y , showi n g signs of a historic past . ’ T h e ig n orant officials of Your M ajesty s Govern ment i n C eylon are respo n sible for disturbi n g that spirit of loyalty of n early two millions S inhalese

Buddhists . I t is n o t wise n either is it j ust to satisfy a few hu n dred M u h a m e da n immigrants and Jesuitical C n n hristia s , that the imperishable associatio s of the holy C ity hallowed for years should be violated and disturbed . T h e removal of the liquor saloons and butcher shops and foreign churches from the sacred preci n cts of the historic C ity is what the Buddhists demand . M ay Your Majesty live long giving happi n ess and conte n tment to the Buddhist subjects of C eylon .

M Your ajesty ,

A I NA G A R K A D H A R M A PA LA .

H W otel eimar , M A arienbad , ustria ,

1 4 . 3 0 . , VI I I

I am commanded by the Ki n g to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 24th of J uly and to i n form you from i n quiries which H i s Majesty has C made , it appears that the Buddhists in eylon are

8 2 B U D D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S .

T h e S n n S a r a sa vi S a n d a i halese ewspaper , the r es a i n C n n fu l l , published olombo , co tai s reports of F o r n the disturba n ce . nearly a hu dred years of British rule the S i n halese have been loyal ; but they n n n n O f rese t i terfere ce by the subordi ate ficers, where R n n F r their holy historic eligion is co cer ed . o n o w n n years they were take care of by their Ki gs . n n n Now , admi istrators , who o ly want reve ues , rule . Your M ajesty is the successor of a li n e of Aryan Ki n gs who came to C eylo n from I ndia years

ago . O n behalf of the historic race of the Aryan S inhalese I solicit Your M ajesty to S how that kingly

i n terest i n the S i n halese race . O n Liquor , pium , bhang , beef are give to the E village people by the admi n istrators . ducation is T h n n S neglected . e a cie t historic ites at the C ity of A n d uradhapura are desecrated , and the Bud hists n n A n rese t this interfere ce . uradhapura is like n Al l M ecca to the M ohammeda s . Buddhists in A n C S &c . Japan , hina , iam , , look up to uradhapura as n n o r di their C e tral S hri n e . Let t the British s u b o nate officers interfere with the holy historic A ryan R n eligio of the S upreme Buddha . M ’ I am , Your ajesty s devotedly ,

A NA GA R I KA D H A R M A P A LA .

( PL E A S E N O T E T H AT T H E AC C O U NT O F T H E D I S T U R B A N C E T N 1 903 I s N S E R T E D R O M P I F .

T h e C e l o n S ta n d a r d 29 th A r i l ( y , p ,

T H E E R I S D I T R B A N S O U S U C E AT A N U R A D H A P U R A .

A R E S L U T O F I M P R U D E NT I NT E R F E R E N C E .

G O V E R N M E NT O F F I C E R S O N T H E A G G R E S S I V E .

B o u r ( y Speci a l R epr esen ta ti ve . )

T h e e e n s o f th e B dd h st s a n d o f th o se e s pe c a h o se . f li g u i i lly w l m fe e g s h a v e b e e n ruthl e s s ly di s re g a rd e d a n d o utra g e d by t h e n o n a e n c d e n c o c c e d o n M o n da n c a n n o u f rtu t i i t whi h urr y ig ht , t I E B U D D H I ST G R E VA NC S . 8 3

b e c o n e m a ed e . T h e B dd s s a n d m s but t pl t with ru ful pity u hi t pilgri , n a e fo r e n e a o n s e e n e wh o a s wa s th e o t , h t a , ir w v g r i b r gul rly ' n a t t h e S a c e d B O - e e T e m e a r e n o w o n t h e e e w o r s hi ppi g r tr pl , v rg o f u n c o mfo rta bl e d o ubt — e n g e n d e r ed by th e u n se e mly c o n du c t o f pe r s o n s fro m wh o m s u c h b e h a vi o ur wa s l ea st e x pe c t e d — a s to wh e th e r th e y a re to a b a n do n th e sa c red s hri n e s o f thi s a n c i e n t C ity a o n d h c h s c h o o s e o s t a d t o n s a n d m e mo e s c n r u w i u gl ri u r ligi u r i i ri li g , o r s ubm it t o s u c h hig h - ha n ded i l l eg a l a n d to the despi ca bl e trea t ’ n a d o i i a l s T e e a d M o n da n s n d n men t o f i fl me fi c . h y r g r y ight i c i e t a s a n i n di c a ti o n o fa ty pe o f o ppre s si o n th e y c a n n o t v e ry w e ll s ubje c t th e m s e lv e s t o ift h e i n t e r e s t s o fth e ir re ligi o n a re to b e sa fe gu a rde d n f e s a r e c o n s e d a n d if th e ir o w e w wi s h ult . I t w o ul d a ppe a r th a t o n M o n da y n ight se ve ra l hu n dr e d pil m s a s se m e d a t t h e S a c e d B o - T e e c i s s a d t o b e o e gri bl r r , whi h i v r e o ff n T m - t e a s o l d t o m a k e e s . e e to o m e a e s y r , th ir ri g hr b t r , o e s se n a fo r a l l s c c e e m o n e s e e e n a e d i n s n s ti l u h r i , w r g g u pplyi g n o f m c d n T th e n e c e s sa ry e l e m e t u si uri g thi s w o r s hi p . h e

P o n c a E n n e e M r . P c e i s e o te d t o a e e e n e a r vi i l gi r , ri , r p r h v b gr tly d s e d a n d a m o e o r e s s e c e ss m e o s i s s a d t o i turb , with r l r kl i p tu ity i a e m s e e d a fe w c o o e s a n d o c e e de d t o t h e sa c e d T e m e h v u t r li pr r pl , a m e d a e o e c i s c a a c o n c e d e d wa s r with r v lv r , whi h , it h rit bly , o n ly m e a n t t o t e rro ri s e a n d e v e n tu a lly bri n g th e B uddhi st s i n t o c n t o hi s sel - a r ro a ted o wer T h e m s o e e s ubj e ti o f g p . pilgri h w v r v e h e m e n tly pr o t e s t e d a g a i n s t thi s u n se e m ly d i s pl a y o f a uth o rity a n d r e s i st e d th e e n de a v o ur s m a d e t o s t o p th e to m - tom h e a te r s fro m pe rfo rm i n g th e ir duti e s . i n i M r P i n F o il e d h s a tt e m pt s . ri c e s s a i d t o h a v e i n st a tly

n m T D . n M r . o n e e se e d a e s to C . . s G o e n m e A e r pr t tt r Vig r , v r t g t h P n n m a n m - M o ft e o c e a n d s e e a c c o a n ed b a S e . a o r vi , thi g tl p i y rgt j r a n d s o m e C o n sta bl e s fo rthwith pro c e e de d t o e x e rc i se h i s i n flu e n c e a n d a o t o e t h e m s a n d b id e m c e a se t o m - o m n uth ri y v r pilgri th t i g , o n t h e pl e a th a t t h e P r o vi n c i a l E n gi n e e r a n d o th e r re s i de n t s ? “ M a a r n n n t . . l e e a e o s e e M r J a t a a n d M r . K u a t u a w r u bl l p . K y g

o e c e d t o th e a e s s e m e a s e a do e d th e G . A . e n t h e bj t ggr iv ur pt by , wh

- - S e . M a o r a n d s o m e C o n s a e s o e o e e d e m A S rgt j t bl v r p w r th . light d s a n c e o o e d a n d a C o n s a e wa s n e d e e o n t h e i turb f ll w t bl i jur , wh r u p o o n wa s a k e n t o s e e e a s sa J a a ra tn a wh o de s e pp rtu ity t v r ly ult y , pit t h e fa c t th a t h e wa s m u c h m o re se v e re ly h a n dl e d th a n t h e C o n s a e w a s n o t s e n t o H o s a fo r m e d c a e a m e n n o r h a s t bl , t pit l i l tr t t , e e n T h n a e e a n m ed c a e de n c e e c o de d . e C o s e th r b y i l vi r r t bl , o e e wa s o m e m o e d t o H o s a e e d o e s s h e h w v r , pr ptly r v pit l , wh r ubtl w a s c a e n d t T h e c e n k n t th e e n a r fully a tt e de o . e x pti o t a e o g e r l c o n d c o f t h e G o e n m e n o f c e s wh o a re e e c e d t o k n o u t v r t fi r , x p t w e e see m s e o e n a s m c a s i s c o n e n d e d a t h e b tt r , v ry pr p r , i u h it t th t o n ly pro c e dure t o h a ve a d o pt e d i n thi s c a s e wa s t o h av e m e re ly

I t w a s e w h o a fe w e a s a o e s a b s e d e m s e e s i n th e th y , , y r g , t li h th lv m 1 d st o f B dd s S n B . u hi t hri e s wh e re fe stiv a l s a r e m a i n ta i n e d s i n c e 308 C . A n e m a tt pt t o d e prive t h e B u dd hi st s o f s u c h ri g hts a n d privil e g e s e njo y e d f o m tI m e m m e m o a m a n r i ri l y b e c h a ra c te ri s e d a s m o st u c ivili s e d . G 2 84 B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S .

k e d th e to m - to m h e a te r s to c e a s e a n a n d th e e e s t a s pl yi g , if r qu w a s n o t c o m pli e d with t o h a v e c h a rg e d th e m t h e fo ll o wi n g h P M a s a e T s se e m s a a s o n a m o r n i n g be fo r e t e o li c e gi tr t . hi re bl e c o s e a n d o n e c o c e a n t o a e e e n a k e n a e r ur , whi h ught rt i ly h v b t , r th th a n u s e fo r c e o n pe o pl e w h o w e r e fo ll owi n g th e t e n e t s a n d f o s o f e e n H o e t h c u s to m a ry fo rm o w r hi p th ir r ligi o . w v e r e fa c t ‘ ‘ c a n b e d s s e d a t h e G o ver n men t o i cer s wh o ca n but ill i gui th t fi , be a l on e respo n si bl e fo r the g r a ve co n di ti o n o f u n rest th a t a t r esen t reva i l s a mo n a l l B u ddhi sts b e t e c o s e o r d s n p p g , h y l ly i ta tly a sso c a e d i n s m a e c o m m e d a se o s n de c i t thi tt r , itt ri u blu r whi h a c a n d e a c s o f k n d n e ss c a n a o n e a o n e fo r mu c h t t futur t i l t .

A n c a n a d s a n c e a n d o n e o f a m c m o e s e o s ti i p ti g i turb , u h r ri u m o th e a o e s a e d e e m e d n e c e s sa to m a e a i p rt , uth riti h v it ry t ri lly s tre n gth e n th e l o c a l P o li c e fo r c e by g e tti n g d o w n de ta c h m e n t s o m a n d T s s a c e d o n e a s its n a a e a e a fr K y . hi r t w w r tur l qui t pp r a n c e fo r th e m s m s b e e m e m e e d a r e n o e d fo r e , pilgri , it u t r b r , t th ir a s c a r e m d a n d n e e e c a n e e w y whi h il , v r , if th y h l p it , will th y I t i s c o m m it a bre a c h o f t h e l a w. with th e s e pe a c e ful a n d l a w a bi di n g s ubj e c t s o f t h e B riti s h E m pir e th a t s u c h h a rs h m ea s ure s a re a do e d a n d a r u l e m or e o r l ess o t ra n n a n d o r essi on pt , f y y pp i s ex erci sed o ver them fo r n o a e e a so n a n a e e s s i n , gr v r r th th t th y p r i t h a vi n g th e t o m - to m wh e n e v e r th e y w o r s hi p a t th e ir m o s t sa c re d

s n e s . P o c e m e n a r e o s e d a t e a n e a s o f 1 00 a d s hri li p t r gul r i t rv l y r , a n d it i s r e a lly a m u s i n g t o se e s u c h a c ti o n o n th e pa rt o f G o ve r n m e n wh o th e n d s c e o n o f e o f c e s a re o to e e e t , by i i r ti th ir fi r br ught b li v a e s e e c a o n a me o d s m s n e e d s b e a e n th t th pr uti ry th u t t k .

A E L L L T R I NT E I G E NC E .

(F r om the sa me so u rce . )

C o n e c a e s fo r d s n e o s o s a n d a ssa u t r h rg i turbi g r ligi u w r hi p ult ,

n s e d th e B dd s a a a n s M r . o s G o e n m e n i titut by u hi t p rty g i t Vig r , v r t n r P D s c E n n e e a n d S e - M a f h A e M . c e o o t e g t , ri , i tri t gi r , rgt . j r

P o c e e e e se d e n e a n m e n a n d o c e s s . li , w r r fu t rt i t pr

G e a d s sa s a c o n e a s a n d d e s e a d d sa o n r t i ti f ti pr v il , wi pr i pp i t ’ m e n t i s fe lt by t h e B u ddhi s t C o m m u n ity a t th e M a gi s tra te s o n i n n n a n a d e c i si c o vi c ti g Jay a r t .

I n o n d e s s a n c a o n o f i ma i n a I o e O f c a gr u l ti i p ti g y tr ubl , fi i l n a o s a r e e o s a de d t h e a a a e P o c e m e n bu g l w r ligi u ly gu r by v il bl li , a lth o ugh n o t th e s light e s t v e s t i g e o f u n r e s t o r a n y i n di c a ti o n o fa n n T h a cr ed i t s ted il r i ms turbul e t a ture i s m a n ife st . e S C y i deser by p g a a r en tl ea r i n m ol e a t on t o r hi pp y f g st i a w s p.

Add o n a Po c e m e n d a e d o m a n d are e to b e iti l li , r ft fr K y , lik ly de a n e d a e th e W s a a s a r e e c o s . t i ft r k . ( It li ur )

B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S . 8 5

A N I NT E RVI E W WI T H A L E A D I NG B U D DH I S T B Y A R E P R E S E NT AT I VE

A N D A R D O F T H E C E YL O N S T .

i i l A c tio n es on si bl e or the P r esen t R o w O fi c a R p f .

T h e B uddhi s t a git a ti o n whi c h h a s b e e n c a rri e d o n fo r th e a s fe w e a s a dde d o i s n o w a ss n o a n p t y r , with vig ur , p i g thr ugh m o a n s a e T h e B dd s s a r e e e a e d t o s i p rt t t g . u hi t quit pr p r ju tify “ th e ir po siti o n a n d t h e fo ll o wi n g i n t e rvi e w whi c h a S t a n da rd r e p o rt e r h a d y e st e rda y with a l e adi n g a n d e du c a t e d B u ddhi s t n T h fa irly po rtr a y s t h e B uddhi s t Vi e w o f t h e S itu ati o . e c riti c i sm o f th e n e w B u dd hi s t T e m po ra liti e s O rdi n a n c e h a s a n n o y e d th e o m n n B u ddhi s t s to a c o n s i de ra bl e e xt e n t . T h e y a r e s u c h a o y e d th a t o u r i n fo rm a n t de sc rib e d o n e of th e l o c a”l pa pe r s a s a “ ’’ “ fa n a ti c p a pe 1 a n d a n o th e r a s a d i s h o n e s t pa pe r . A s k e d a s t o th e c a u se o ft h e pre se n t tro ubl e h e sa i d : Al l thi s ti m e t h e C hri sti a n s c o mm a n d e d t h e r e spe c t o f th e B u ddhi s t s by s e tti n g a n e x a m pl e h f B dd s o fm e e k n e s s . B u t by t e l o n g c o n t a c t o u hi t s with C hri sti a n s i n t h e s a m e l a n d it a ppe a r s th a t e a c h h a s i m bibe d th e qu a liti e s f th e o o th e r . C o n ti n ui n g h e sa i d : T h e C hri s ti a n s h a v e n o t m a i n t a i n ed th e r e s pe c t a n d r e g a rd th e y e a r n e d . T h e y h a v e fa ll e n i n t h e T n e sti m a ti o n o f th e B u ddhi st s a s e x e m pl a r s . h e y a r e o w tryi n g t o t h e B dd s s e t h e B dd s s a r e m a n d e s e a e fight u hi t , whil u hi t ki g p r t a e m s t o T h e B dd s s n w s s tt pt e v a d e t h e qu a rr e l . u hi t o u pe c t th a t th e C hri sti a n”s a r e d e t e rm i n ed to pro v o k e th e m t o a s e ri o u s bre a c h f t h e e o p a c e . ’ T h e n do n t y o u thi n k th a t th e B udd hi st s a r e pl a yi n g i n t o t h e h a n ds o f t”h e pe o pl e wh o a r e sa i d t o b e pl a n n i n g t o p u t th e m n a n n i t o tro ub”l e ? qu e ri e d th e S t da rd r e pre se t a tiv e . “ No sa d h e t h e B dd s s a r e a s c a e a s s , , h t o s e i u i r ful p ibl , a n d e d s o s fa r T h e u n o n th y h a v e a v o i e d se ri o u tr u b l e o . f rtu a t e o c c urr e n c e s s u c h a s th e littl e i n c i d e n t th a t t o o k pl a c e a t th e B o T e e T m a c n n T r e pl e a r e thi n g s th t ”a o t b e h e l pe d . h e y a re do n e a t t h e m m n i pul se o f th e m o e t . Wh a t i s th e s u m a n d s ub st a n c e o ft h e wh o l e thi n g T h e s u m a n d s ub s t a n c e o ft h e wh o l e thi n g i s th a t th e C hri sti a n s h a v e o s t h e e s e c a n d e a d o f t h e B dd s s wh o o o o n em l t r p t r g r u hi t , l k u p th a s e a s i n T h B dd s s sa a t h qu l e v e ry wa y . e u hi t y th t e C hri s ti a n s a r e n o e e a n b tt r th th e m se lv e s . ’ N ow t e h D o n o u n t o c o m t o t e pre s e n t r ow . t y thi k th a t h e to m to m b e a ti n g s h o u”l d h a v e b e e n st o pped wh e n a n o rde r wa s e n to a e f k n d a 1 d n giv th t fe c t ? a s e d th e S t a i t e rvi e w e r . ’ O u r n o i f rm a n t re plyi n g sa i d I do n t thi n k s o . N o pe rm i s s o n i s n e c e ssa h E n s o e n m n i ry t o pl a y to m to m . T e gli h G v r e t h a v e e n a so e m n e d e to o e c B dd s m a n d m a n a n a n d I giv l pl g pr t t u hi i t i it , c a n n o t s e e h ow th e y c o ul d g o b e hi n d th a t a n d e n fo rc e a po li c e e a o n . T h e e s o n i s s o d e o se e t h e P o c e r gul ti qu ti , h ul th y b rv li O d n a n m r i c e o re cl o se ly th a n th e c ompac t e n t e red i n t o b etw ee n 8 6 B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S .

G e a B a n o n th e o n e a n d a n d t h e a n d a n n o n th e o e r t rit i h K y Ki g th r . T h e c o m pac t wa s b e tw e e n two s o ve re ig n po we r s a n d o n e po we r h ad c e a s e d t o e s T e e o e t h e c o m a c m s e s a s o n xi t . h r f r p t u t xi t l g th e s a n d i s o e n e d t h e n o f E n a n d L o c a e a s I l g v r by Ki g gl . l l gi s a o n c a n n o o e - de a c o m a c I t m s s a n d e l ti t v r ri th t p t . u t t th re “ e m a n e n a n d n o m a n c a n o . C o n n n h e sa d : T h e p r tly , bl t it ti ui g i qu e s ti o n a b o ut to m - t o m i n g h a s a lr e a dy b e e n d e c i d e d i n a c a s”e ' n s e d a t a n d a n d n a de c d e d t h e u r i titut K y fi lly i by S p e m e C o u r t . ’ T o m - o m n w a s c a e d o n a t t h e Ad a h a n a M a a t i g rri luw , ’ a n d n o t o n a t 1 1 o c o c k a t n o o th e o e K y , ly l ight but thr ugh ut wh l n ight i n s pite o f pe r e m pt o ry o rde r s fro m t h e a uth o riti e s o f th e

a c e to s o . T h e e s wh o e e n e h i s s a n d t h e pl t p it pri t , b tt r k w right , " l aw o n t h e s e c a n t h e e s i n t h e e s e n c a s e e e ed ubj t , th pri t pr t , r f rr th e a o e s to e e a e m e d th e n e da a n d a e h i s uth riti th ir l g l r y xt y , g v

- a dd e ss . T h e e s a n d th e to m to m h e a te r s e e o se c e d r pri t w r pr ut , n d e n A n a e a a k h a I be li e v e th e y w re fi e d . pp l wa s t e n to t e S e m e C o c s e t a s de th e a n d d m e n t a n d e e e d u pr urt , whi h i K y ju g r f rr ’i " to t h e c o m pa c t e n t e re d i n t o b e tw e e n th e E n gli s h a n d t h e a n d a n n a o a K y Ki g f v ur bly . ” l s to m - t o mi n g n e c e s sa ry fo r y o ur w o r shi p ? a s k e d o u r Re o p rt e r . T h e r e ply wa s : A s n e c e s s a ry a pa rt a s th e o rg a n a n d o th e r c o n h n c o mit a n t s o f si n gi n g i n t e C hri s ti a C hurc h . I t i s n o t a s o e n e c e s s a I m e a n i s n o t n e c e s s a fo r s a l va t1 o n b lut ly ry . it ry s a s t h e o a n i s n o t n e c e s sa I t i s n o t e n o n e d th e ju t rg ry . j i by B d d a n o r i s s n n e n o n e d e s s C s . T e e i s a a u h , i gi g j i by J”u hri t h r t lk “ a th e r o w wa s a e m e d a e d o n e e m a k e d t h e S a n da d th t pr it t , r r t r

m a n .

T e e i s n a o n f r s c a We n e e s o t h e ro w . h r o r e s o u h t lk . v r ught I t i s th e C hri s ti a n G o v e r n m e n t o ffi c i a l s wh o ra ided th e t e m pl e m s n e e s o s e e d o u r n o m a . pr i , b rv i f r t “ I n a n s w e r to a n o th e r qu e s ti o n h e s a i d : W e a re de t e rm i n e d - n to g e t thi s qu e sti o n a b o ut t h e t o m to mi n g se ttl e d . Fa ili g to do w h P n it h e re e s h a ll a ppro a c h t e rivy C o u c il .

I T T H E P E R S E C UT I O N O F B U D D H S S .

A n s will be see from what appears below , the 9 th 1 903 da d of J une , , was a great y to the Bu dhists C 2 2 1 1 t h n of eylon , it being the , an iversary of the n establishment of Buddhism in the I sland . O that da y the re had assembled at the S acred C ity of Anuradhapura about pilgrims from all parts

At 1 1 A M . of the country . about a disturbance took place under the circumstances as stated by di fferent

- non Buddhist correspondents of newspapers .

S e e . 2 p 7 .

T G R I E NC E B U D D H I S VA S . 8 7

o n T he T i mes of C eyl .

A n d a h n a a 9 t e . ur h pur , Ju

T h e di ssa ti s fac ti o n o f t h e B u ddhi s t s o v e r th e A n ura dh a pur a s a c re d s it e s qu e sti o n b e c a m e a c ute o v e r th e a ll e g e d r em o va l e l r o r n di n r oa d s P o f a n ci n t B u ddhi st pi l a s f me g . e o pl e w e r e m o e o r e s s i n a n e c a e s a e a n d n o n a e M u da l i a r r l x it bl t t , u f rtu t ly , y A m a ra s e k e ra e n d n o t h e o a d s c e e c o d e d , wh ri i g thr ugh r , whi h w r r w

m s a c c de n a o de o e a o m a n . T s s e t m a e s with pilgri , i t lly r v r w hi tt r a fi a m e a n d th e R o m a n C a o c M s s o n a n d th e m e a - s a — a n , th li i i t t ll — h s T h c a b o m i n a ti o n to th e B u dd hi s t s w e r e t e u ffe r e rs . e c hur h o f th e fo rm e r a n d th e m i s s i o n h o u s e a n d s c h o o l r o o m w e re e c k e d a n d n t h e m e a - s a a n d th e o e a d e n c wr bur t ; t t ll fl w r g r , whi h h a d b e e n l a i d o u t by G o v e r n m e n t o ppo s it e t h e B o - tr e e t e m pl e n h n n w e re d e s tro y e d . T h e O ffi c e A s s i s t a t t o t e G o v e r m e n t Ag e t a n d th e P o li c e M a gi stra t e a r e do i n g e v e rythi n g po s s ibl e t o qu e ll th e T h B dd P e s s Ra twa tt e R a e m a h a tm a a d s a n c e . e s t i turb u hi t ri t , y H s a n d a t h e e c e a o f th e L o c a o c e a n d M r . a c S S ri h r , r t ry l i ty n e e s e d i n t h e sa c e d a n d e s o n m a e s c c e e d e d i n i t r t r l qu ti , ulti t ly u pr o du c i n g a lull by n ightfa ll .

O n n T this report , a represe tative of the imes had a n i n terview with a leadi n g Buddhist ge n tlema n il k a P n r D . . J a a C M . a t of olombo , B y , ri cipal of n n h A a da C ollege . T e following words are from what he said i n the i n terview “ H e did n o t wish it to be assumed that the Buddhist authorities had a n y sympathy with the riot ;

H - quite the reverse . e thought the out break might be attributed to temporary exciteme n t amo n gst the riff - raff which always co n gregates near the sce n e n n of the great pilgrimage , and followi g upo some n n i n u pleasa t memories , together with the acc de t to

n n - o n the woma , these irrespo sible lookers must have ou t 1 0th n got of control ( J u e ,

h e l o n bser ver T e C y O .

A n a d a a n e l 0 th . ur h pur , Ju

’ B e tw e e n 1 0 a n d 1 1 o c l o c k a s th e thi c k c ro wd s w e r e pa s s i n g u p a n d d o w n t h e s a c re d r o a d with t h e e v e rl a s ti n g d i n o f th e to m - t o m i n g a n d s a du s th e M u d a l iy a r ro de h o m e a n d a n o l d w o m a n o f a b o ut 5 5 o r 60 s u dde n ly fo u n d h e r s e lf k n o c k e d o v e r t h e a n m a S h e n r a c e a n d s s a n e d by i l . fe ll o h e f u t i brui se s o n h e r o e e a d a n d n d e a n t o e e d S h e e n right f r h l e ft c h e e k a b g bl . w t o ff i n a s o o n a n d h e r e a a e d s a n d e e n h e r to w , qu lly g hu b , b li vi g D D H I S T G R I E VA E 8 8 B U NC S .

b e de a d s e d a e th e M u d a l i a r to s o h im s o n o u t , ru h ft r y t p , h uti g “ m a h a t m a a m a h a t m a a . H e d id s h e s a d i n e d e n c e y , y thi , i vi a e o n a k n t h e d e n o t t o b e a e n e m a n a n d th e c e l t r , t i g ri r g tl hi f H e a dm a n o f t h e P o n c e o n e o f t h e m sc e a n e o s l o t w h o r vi , but i ll u a r e n o t S n a e s e n o t E n s a s o o f n o i i desc r i t c ro s i h l , gli h , but rt p s m e a n t o s o h i e e e n t h e t wo . H e m e t h i s n a m e a n d b tw t t p , g s c e h i m fo r t h e d e a a s h e m a n e d o f h i s i pro e ut th ( i gi ) wife. H s M u d a l i a r o t o ff h i s s t o ry i s th a t t h e y g h o r s e a n d hurt a t b e i n g ” ’ c a ll e d m a h a t m ay a t o o k t h e o l d m a n s u m br e ll a a n d g a v e h im fi ve c s a n d e n o e n a n d s c k h im o n h i s ut with it , th with p h tru n o se c s a e d e e d n a n d d a n h im n o h i s c o m o n d , whi h t rt bl i g , r g gi g i t p u a n to t i e h im u o rd e re d h i s s e rv t s p . i n t h a e n o o n 9 h n A t t h e tri a l e ft r ( t Ju e ) M r . B r a y n e th e M a s a e h a d s e a e d a t t h e co - o s e a n d a o n s d e o f h i m gi tr t t urt h u , l g i

r . M e a d n s r . P . B e M o e o A H . C . M e d a k M r . C a n d ll , ( urv y r) , lfr l r n o n e o r t wo o th e r E ur o p e a s w e r e s e a t e d . T h e c o urt v e r a n da h s i n a r a t n a s s r . K r s a s d r w e e c o d e d . M e M . M e n d s o f r r w , i t by . J i a d fo r t h e m n n t h e C o o m o B a r a e e c o a a s M r . S o o m o n s l b , pp r pl i t ; l

fo r th e a c c se d . A e t h e e d e n c e e o s a k e n o f th e u ft r vi , pr vi u ly t c o m a n h a d e e n e a d o e a n d e h a d e e n c o s s - e a m n e d pl i t , b r v r th y b r x i , M r S o o m o n s s a e d a h i s c e n w a s e a e d to l ea d u i l t . l t t th t li t pr p r p g y to ha v n a i d n ta l l k n oc ked d o w n th e o l d w o a n e i g cc e y m . H d e n i e d a n a s sa e d t h e o l d m a n s a d h e bel i eve d h i s se r va n ts h a d h vi g ult , but i i n i cted ce r ta i n i n u r i es o n h i m fo r c h e wa s n o t e s o n s e fl j whi h r p ibl . U o n s t h e M a s a e c o n si der i n h i m m u ch to bl a m e o r r idi n p thi gi tr t , g f g a l o n a l a r e c r o wded a n d ex c i ta bl e m a ss o r el i i o u s d e vo tees a n d g g , f g a l so o r th e o l d m a n bei n s tr u ch i n ed hi m R s 0 a l r 5 . c s e f . a g , f ( It i O s ur . )

e w A ect o the C a se A a i n st the K a c che r i M u a l i a A N sp f g h d y r .

“ d a r d 7 th u n 0 T h e l o n S ta n 3 e 7 . C ey , J , 9 3

( B Y T E L E G R A P H . )

T h e Magisterial proceedi n gs i n the A n u r a dh a ’ pura Kachcheri M u da l iy a r s case are”with the T hey were telegraphed for . “ A k r M r . m a r a se e a M u da l i a r , Kachcheri y , later o n in his evide n ce for the defen ce of R a tw atte T

T h e l a t e G o v e r n o r t o o we l l k n o w n i n c o n n e cti o n with t h e C e yl o n e a p rl fi s h e ry . “ 1 H e w a s a t fi r s t c o n s i d e re d a s o n e o f th o s e w h o h e l p e d to q u e l l t h e o a n d w a s e d o n t h e s a m e c a e s a s a a n s t h e e o f t h e a e d ri t , tri h rg g i t r s t c c u s a n d w a s o n d ; b u t m m e d a e a e S i r W e s R i d e a a n f u g uilty i i t ly ft r t g w y , h vi g a d o n e d h i m e e a s e d h im r o m m s o n m e n a n d n fl c e d a fi n e o f p r , r l f i pri t i i t

R s . 50 0 . D uri n g t h e re g i m e o f S i r H e n ry B l a k e a p r iva t e e n q uiry i n to m a e s c o n c e n n t h e o t o o l e T h e e s s t a h i s fi n tt r r i g ri t k p a c . r ult w a h t e w - a s r e fu n d e d a n d h e w a s r e a ppo i n te d R a t e m a h a t m a y a (a hig h o ffi c e i n t h e u - c o n t p u ry) .

A NC E S B U D D H I ST G R I E V . 8 9

h atm a a th a t h e h a d a n ti c i a ted th e R ate m a y , said p r i ot a n d d i d n ot d r i ve on th e 8 th J u n e . ‘ I n cross - exami n atio n he could n o t say how it was he did n o t fear ridi n g the fo l l o w i n g a n d k n ocki n g dow n pilgrims and assault i c e I n the Appeal C ourt M r . Ju st ed the proceedi n gs agai n st M 1 . the

M u da l i ar n R s . o l ic e y , who was fi ed M agistrate of A n uradhapura for two wome n while ridi n g about o n the o the H i s A n uradhapura riot . Lordship the i n i n n a n d jur es to the woma seemed to be accide tal , * h m H t hat the M u d a l iy a r did all he could for t e . e n H i had no desig n i n ridi n g them dow . s L o 1 ds hip n n a n d thi ks the proceedi gs were irregular , ”the case

n n . S ta n d a r d is se t back for more precise evide ce ( , 22 n d J uly , T h e n e w trial of the case i n stituted by U k k u M e n ika a nd her husban d both of M atale agai n st the i r n r B r n M u dal a M . a e Kachcheri y was take up by y , the same Magistrate who tried the case o n the 9 th J n o n ' 27 A u a n d a n u e , the th gust , the result was acquittal " r H n n M . arischa dra re dered material assista n ce to quell the riot that was brought about by the A m r a s k r M r . a e e a careless act of , who , though C o n acquitted , had told the ourt his first trial that he was guilty of knocki n g down the woma n a n d also admitted that his serva n ts had i n flicted i n juries o n n n n her husba d . I n additio to the evide ce already existi n g this was a clear admissio n of certai n facts

of the case agai n st him . O n 1 r H h n the 3 th J u n e M . arisc a dra was arrested o n n a n d the charges of havi g aided abetted riot , a n a n d B r a n d M r . a n e rso , sacrilege produced before y , P M n 9t h olice agistrate , who had tha ked him on the n n for having helped the Gover me t to quiet the mob .

H e did n o n thi g . I t w a s ve ry u n fo rtu n a te th a t a J udg e s h o ul d h ave l a b o e d n de s ur u r u c h a n e rro n e o u s i m pre s s i o n . I S T R I E A NC E 9 0 B U D D H G V S .

When the counsel moved for ha il the M agistrate said : I regret that so well know n a n d respectable T h n a man should be sent to jail . e charge agai st ' him am o a t s to bei n g a mover a n d ri n g - leader of a r i n m o st35 e ou s riot . I co sider that his being e n larged o n Rail at the present stage of the case might s e r i ouslyp r e ju”di c e the efforts of the Police 1 n further i i n vestig at on .

‘ i ‘ i z l x n d r ec i a l i r B . A e a e a st a t e é i u r E . S M e gn f i , p g )

T h ere ve r e i n 83 67th w all accused of whom the , M r n . H arischa dra , who had a seat at the Bar , wrote out the followi n g telegram and despatched it to the f n n T elegraph O fice after havi g consulted his cou sel . T h e telegram as stated below was addressed to the S a r a s av i S a n da r e sa to be published : Pa r en ts r i en d s r el a ti ves d o n ot b e s orr — s ton e , f , , y wa l l s d o n ot a r i son m a k e n or i r on b a r s a c a e ; p , g ” m i n r h m ds i n n oc en t a n d q u i et ta k e th a t fo a er i tag e . T h e T M o n n elegraph aster , referri g it to the n M n o t n presidi g agistrate , was ordered to tra smit a n d n 1 5th that message , m the eveni g of the when the counsel applied for bail he remarked . I am not prepared to allow bail at this stage u n der S ection” 2 i u bl i c l . 89 . I consider it would be c on tr a ry to p p o cy I n the ha n ds of a M agistrate of such pri n ciples H i h M r . i arischandra was sa”tisfied v t the free quarters at the bu n galow o n the P uttalam road n a n d the free police escort of an extraordi n ary ature . H i s quarters were furn ished with a mat of three cubits of very rough texture a n d a small ti n for a n y emerge n cy "No bed No pillow "Not the shadow of a light at n ight"A m a n at the threshold holdi n g a ba ton " S everal policeme n armed with rifles a n d bayonets standi n g at a pace " S uch were the treatme n t a n d ho n our bestowed o n the i n dividual who performed n O f P n the combi ed duties of a J udicial ficer , olicema , a n d Religious P reacher for the purpose of quelli n g the riot " T here he lived a life of solitude for full 1 7

B H I ST R I E A NC E 9 2 U D D G V S .

D E F E C E — M F D E L F O R T H E N . C o u n s s essrs . orn

A . J r n H a e w a de e . x . c . C horst , , ector y , Batu

w a n t u daw a a n d . . a e w a rde n e J Q J y , instructed K r i r n P D . n a t e . M r . S . s a by , roctor

T here were 50 accused i n all before the S upreme C n i n C ourt , the rest havi g been discharged the ourt below . T hey were charged with five common — n i z 1 . n 2 . O ffe ces ; v Rioti g ; S acrilege ; 3 . C ausi n g 4 . C n 5 . M grievous hurt ; ausi g damage ; ischief . T n n hirtee of them were take as the first batch , and 1 H n 3 h . M r . arischa dra was numbered t I n the n n n 1 st course of the prelimi ary arra geme ts the , 2 n d 5 , and th accused were removed from the dock a n d put into an other batch . T h e C row n C ou n sel in his O pen i n g address to the J ury made the followi n g references to the 1 3th accused : I t a ppe a r s th a t wh e n th e d i sturb a n c e h a d c o m m e n c ed a s a n k h h H ri c h d ra w a s a s e d if e c o ul d n o t qui e t t e pe o pl e . I mm e dia te l d n y th e y qui e t e do w . “ I w o ul d n ow t a k e y o u to th e pa rt pl a y e d by th e 1 3th s m m h a e a c e a n a m o n O f a c c u ed . S o e ti e a g o e g v rt i u t tro ubl e to

th e G o e n m e n A e n a t A n a d a a . I n M a 1 900 h e v r t g t ur h p ur y , , pull e d o u t th e p e g s whi c h w e re fix e d by t h e D i stri c t E n gi n e e r ’ n h H o t e l a n d s e l e c t e d fo r t h e M e di c a l O ffi c e r s qu a rt e r s . e th e n * s a e d a h M a a - B o d S o c e I t a e a s S o c e c a e d t e . t rt i ty ll h hi i ty pp ”r , o n t h e 3 r d n e a s h e e t e a l e tt e r f t o S a n da r e s a a Ju l t , , S i n h a l e s e n e w s pa p e r publi s h e d i n C o l o m b o . T h a t c o n t a i n ed a n a a c o n t h P s a m e n tt k e ubli c Wo rk D e p rt t . . T h e r e a r e wit n e s s e s wh o s pe a k o f t h e a c tu a l pa rt t a k en H n a a s c a d a t h e 1 3 th so n e o n a d . A e wa s by ri h r , pri r , th t y ft r it l l m n f h B a o v e r h e s e e m s t o h a v e c o n v e n e d a e e ti g O t e uddhi s t s . T wo o r e e n e s se s s e a t a o c c e d e e T w o o r thr wit p k o wh t urr th r . thr e e wit n e s s e s s p e a k of e n c o ur a gi n g r e m a rk s m ad e by h im — i n o n e c a se t h e a c tu a l s pe e c h fl

M r A f . . W . n O L Booth , the Gover ment gent the North - C entral Provi n ce in the witness box

H e a s m n m h e M a a - B o d S o c e w a s s a e d w i s i fo r e d o fth e fa c ts . T h hi i ty t rt i n 1 89 1 a t C o l o m b o a n d a b ra n c h o f th e s a m e w a s fo rm e d i n A n u ra d h a p ur a i n 1 900 .

“ " T I t a e a e d i n th e S a n d a r e s a o f 9 th J n e th e d a o f th e o . pp r u , y ri t ’ H e r e e s t o K r i s h n a sa m s e d e n c e t h e m a n a s s o n i n a e 1 f r y vi , h w pl t - X L I I h n " I . T e m o st a m u s i n g re a di n g i n t h e wh o le pro c e e di g s l

D H I S T G R I E VA NC E 9 4 B U D S .

— Wa n o t o t o o n o c e — I o C . s to C . it br ught y ur ti br ught it * n r t h e n o ti c e O f G o v e r m e n t . I c o n sid e e d it m y d uty n n n t o l e t th e G o v e r m e t k o w wh a t w a s g o i n g o n . ’ B o o h e s a e d a t h s t o n i M r . t furth r t t th t e e s r wh c h w e r e e e n o t s a c e d T e t h e P c W m n r e m o v e d w r r . h y ( ubli o rk s D e pa rt e t n T a n w o r k m e n ) r e m o v e d o ly rubbi s h . h e y lw a y s h e l d e v erythi g d d c n s e e d a i n s . r n d th e B u d hi st s o i r s c r e d r e pe c t M . H a ri sc h a ra i n fo rm e d m e O f th e fo u n di n g O f a B udd hi s t D e fe n c e C om m itt e e ]: A n a d a a H e w a s t h e S e c e a a n d t h H P e s a t . e ur h p ur r t ry , igh ri t

O f A n a d a a t h e P e s de n . I n M a 1 90 2 e e s e n a o n s ur h pur r i t y , , r pr t ti h n m P a w e r e m a d e t o t e G o v e r e n t by th e H igh ri e s t a n d M r . H ri s c h a n dra a s r e pre s e n t a tiv e s o f t h e A n ura d h a pur a B uddhi s t m T D e e n c e C o m e e e m a d e o s e c c c o m a n s : 1 . f itt , h y f ur p ifi pl i t T I d s e d th e H P e s O f R u wa n we l i s a 2 T a I h a t i turb igh ri t y a ; . h t n c o se d Ko n a h a m a l u wa 3 T h a t I e e c e d th e two e s s o f e l g ; . j t pri t T I e m o e d a s n - m f a m 4 . a o a d a a n e O S i . h t r v ig b r fro c e rt i pi c e l a n d I n t h e c ro ss - e x a m i n a ti o n t h e fo ll o wi n g fa c t s w e r e e li c it e d

M R D O R N H O R S T : I s o s e o u o e e w a s e a s o n . u pp y th ught th r tr a bl e m a tt e r i n th e s e j o urn a l s ? No t e x a c tly tr e a so n a bl e m a tt e r . I w a n t e d t o l e t G o v e r n m e n t k n o a a a n s o n o n w th t a n git ti o wa g i g . Y o u r e m e m b e r t h e vi s it pa i d by th e A c ti n g G o v e r n o r S i r im T hur n i n 1 90 2 l o n g a ft e r th e se re pr e s e n t a ti o n s w e re

- m a de Y e s .

T h e M - B d e e d h im ? — Y e s a h a o hi S o c i ty r c e iv e . Am o n g th o se pre s e n t o n th e pl a tfo rm w e re y o ur se lf a n d M r . H a n — Y s sc a d a . e ri h r . M B ’ M r D o r n h o r s t e n e a d a a s sa e o m r . oo s s e ec . th r p g fr th p h s n d e liv e r e d o n th e o c c a i o . r B d h B dd s s e e e n a k n t o m o e M . o o th sa i th a t t e u hi t w r th t i g r c o n s tituti o n a l m e th o d s o f v o i c i n g th e ir§ s o - c a ll e d gri e v a n c e s th a n b e fo r e th e r e fo re h e j o i n e d th e m . I n a n B o n s h e sa d a e e wa s n o n sw e r t o M r . r h o r t i th t th r thi g u n c o n stituti o n a l i n th e a rti c l e i n th e M a h a - B o dhi J o ur n a l a n d s a id th a t th e y m u s t n o t t a k e th a t l e tte r by it s e lf .

I t w a s a e s e o s m a e o f c o s e a c e a n s e c e d o c m e n v ry ri u tt r , ur ; rt i r t u t b e n e o n a o fo r t h e G o e n m e n t h e e a s a a o n o e th e i g th ir ly uth rity v r t , l t g it ti v r S a c e d r — r C ity t e rr ifi e d t h e C hi e f O f t h e No th C e n tra l Provi n c e . S e e P a e L I I I W e n s c n s a e l a c e t h e B dd s s c o m a n T l t X . h u h thi g t k p u hi t pl i t o t h e G o e n m n T h n m n n n v r e t . e G ove r e t h o ld s o e q uiry e x c e pt s e n d i n g t h e

e o n t o t h e A . p titi G . fo r re po rt " 1 T hi s C o m m itte e w a s o rg a n i z e d t o pro te c t t h e S a c re d C ity fro m d e s e c a i o n . W e n t h e r t h c a s e i s s o c l e a r it i s m o re th a n a b s urd t o a tte m pt t o c o n n e c t h M B e S . b n t . . ra c h a t A n ura dh a pura with t h e d i sturb a n c e s c a s e d b G o e n m e n f u y v r t o fi c e rs . B h u t e did n o t c h a rg e H a ri s c h a n dra fo r h a vi n g e n te re d i n to t h e s o - c a e d C o ll r wn l a n d a n d h a vi n g fe ll e d tr e e s a n d e m pl o y e d m e n t o dig fo n da o n s fo r a e u ti r li g i o u s b uild i n g . XXXII I .

B U D D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S 96 .

* e e wa s m s de . H e did n o t n e e th e s I n te r pr t r by y i i t rpr t p ee c h . h H a ri sc h a n dra sa i d th a t t e pe o pl e w o ul d b e c o n te n t to g o to o h I w e n t s a t t e C o . I a s k e d C o urt . tr ight urt H a ri sc h a n dra h o m a n a n s o m t h e P o c e S a n t o n t e c o . A e H e bri g pl i t fr li t ti ft r . l ft m a o n a - t h e C o urt I re c e ive d i n fo r ti th t th e m e a t m a rk e t wa s b e i n g I wa l k e d a s c k a s I c o d t o t h - wre c ke d . qui ly ul e m e a t m a rk e t T e e e a wi t h t h e I n t e r pr e t e r . h r w re b o ut a d o z e n m e n att a c k i n g T e e e o n s k e a a n o f c o o e s s s m . e a c a it h y w r w rki g ju t li g g li , y t ti lly F i n di n I co u l d d o n o thi n I we a n d l e i s ur e ly . g g n t ba ck to th e

r t to n d H a r i sc ha n dr a . N e a th e C o I m i C o u fi r urt e t h m . I t o o k h im t o th e m a rk e t . A b o ut 20 ya rd s fro m t h e m a rk e t se ve r a l p e o pl e t o l d m e n o t t o g o furth e r a s it wa s n o t s a fe a n d

c d s o . H e e n o th e y s a i d th a t H . o ul t p it w t f rw a rd a n d di s a ppe a re d I a s a n d n o n th e d w s oa . i n t h e c r o wd . t i g r I s e n t fo r H a ri sc h a n dra a n d Na ra n wit a P ri e s t to m y c h a m b e r s a ft e r h e a ri n g t h e c a se a g a i n st t h e M u da l iya r a n d tha n k ed them bo th fo r wha t they ha d do n e to h elp My i de a o n t h e day O f t h e ri o t wa s th a t H a r i scha ndra wa s

el i n m e a c s a r e o s . h p g . (It li ur )

R E NGA S AM Y K R I S H NA S A M Y (see plate M r H n n . . . P n C . weedi g co tractor u der Bell , h o l o c i a l C n n A r c ae g ommissio er , was the only wit ess H who deposed that M r . arischandra presided ove r a meeti n g a n d instructed those present to commit h e riot a n d other mischief . T evidence of this m an n was the basis upo which the whole case was built . T h e following is his evidence :

— m e m t h e C R O WN C O U N S E L . Y o u r e be r di s turba n c e o f Ju n e — 9 th Y e s .

’ We re y o u a t t h e M a h a - B odhi S o c i e ty s sc h oo l o n th e d ay a n o a c e -Y e s m e e ti g t o k pl .

— - P M . Wh a t ti m e Ab o ut 3 30 .

“ H e i n h i s e de n c e b e o e th e P o c e C o r A n a d a a s a d I , vi f r li u t , ur h pur , i ’ h e a rd a po rti o n o f H a r i s c h a n d r a s a ddre s s . H e sa id th at h e w a s s o rry to e a a o n e o f th e m s h a d m e t a c a a m a n d a s e d th e h r th t pilgri with l ity , k r i e v e d r t m e h im t o th e C o H e a o a d a th e a gg pa y t o c o with urt . l s s i th t P o li c e M a gi stra t e h a d a g re e d t o h e a r t h e c a s e a g a i n st t h e M u d a l iy a r ; th a t i e a d i n t o h e hi m s e lf w o uld s e e th a t t h e c a s e s h r w h o urs a n d ju sti c e d o n e . H e a l s o t o ld t h e p e o pl e n o t t o b e b o i st e ro u s . H e w a s still g o i n g o n wh e n I n t e M u d a l i a r o m c o m n T h M u da l i r we t t o h e h o u s e to k e e p t h y fr i g o u t . e y a n d t s e a to t h e e t w a s v e ry e x c ite d . H e w a te o p k p o pl e a n d e xpl a i n h e a c d e n t o H e a e a e d t o m e t o a e b e e n d n n o m h i s c i t th e m . p p r h v ri ki g fr

e d a I n h e s m e o f s . e xc it st te . thi k lt Whi ky XXXIV .

JE N I T O R S T O N E .

B UD D H I S T G R I E VA NC E 93 S .

n m n - D id y o u e v e r a tt e d a e e ti g o f th e M a h a B o dhi S o c i e ty — b e fo r e NO . M r H d . a n I s u ppo se y o u h e a r ri sc h a dra wa s g o i n g to preac h n d e n to e a h im - n tre a so n a w t h r ? No . I w e t to see th e n M c o o e s did n o t c o m e a n d I o e o d fu . y li th ught th y w ul b e th e re . — D id y o u fi n d th e m th e r e NO . e s e e a c c d n — Y o u w e n t th e r by h r i e t Y e s . H ow did th e pro sec uti o n pe o pl e c o m e t o h e a r th at y o u — s . D n w e re pre e n t id yo u t e ll a y o n e NO . D id y o u t e ll a n yb o dy th a t y o u a tte n de d th e M a h a - B odhi n d — O S oc i e ty u n i n vit ed a d h e a r tre a so n a bl e m a tt e r N . S o m e b ody h a s c o m mu n i c a te d to th e pr o se c uti o n peo pl e a n d y o u a re a s ke d th e se qu e sti o n s ?— I wa s a sked a n d I w e n t n a n d g a ve e vide c e . An d y o u swe a r th a t y o u n e v e r t o ld a n ybody a bo ut thi s

Y e s .

m i n — A n d y o u s a i d it fo r th e fir s t ti e c o urt Y e s . Y o u d id n o t h ea r a sac r e d boo k r ea d o u t i n S i n h a l ese ? Ne v e r . C a n y o u u n de rs ta n d wh e n a S i n h al e se b o o k i s r ead ? d n d s n d I c n de a n d Wh a t I c o ul u e r ta o ul d u rst . ’ Wh a t w e re H a r i sc h a n d ra s w o rd s wh e n h e sa id O u r n e s s i s d o n e A e weda k a mmu tu a a mba l a bu s i ” p y , i l a a l a a l l a ber p y . Y o u t o l d th e M a gi stra t e th a t h e sa i d Al l th a t wa s pr opo sed d n — m s h m n h a s b e e n o e I t c o e to t e sa e thi g . “ T e m e i n S n a e s e P— A i hi ta u k a ra n a ha r i u mba l a ll i h l ” p p , l a l l a ber il a pa ya . T h e n y o u did n ot h e a r h im sa y O u r w o rk i s fi n i s h ed t th e a m e n I t c o m e s o s thi g . W a did h e sa Al l we o o sed i s d o n e o u et a c h t y pr p , y g b k

a n d e s c a pe . “ S h di n o t u se t h e o d s O u r o i s n s e d ? — O e d w r w rk fi i h NO . h r - - — Y o u w e re h e a ri n g i m fo h a lf a n b o ur Y e s . Y o u bro ught h o m e o n ly th e s e w o rds — H e s po k e m o r e th a n thi s ; but why s h o uld we re m a i n to h e a r e v e ry n m n S o we e o e . thi g . w t h M r D r O n x . o n h o r st the si th day after the trial , O f C n the chief the ou sels for the defence , delivered

his address to the j ury for three hours . I n the course of the address the following references were made with regard to the 1 3 th prisoner ’ H r i h a n r r a c d a s . H Now about M . s position e

- H n was o n ce upo n a time a law student . e has ow n n take to what he believes the great salvatio . It f M r H may be said O . arischandra that he has R I A NC E B UD D H I S T G E V S . 99 persistently and consistently stuck to that work which he has marked out for himself and according

. We C to his thinking , who are hristian s , may not a gree with him . I think he will convince you that he could not have bee n at the market or at the flower garden to i n dulge either in suggestive

gesticulatio n s or in inflammatory language . I f his

evidence carries that conviction to your mind , the w hole body of evidence W hich has been directed

against him must be discredited . It has already received material support and corroboration by the Na a m n i evidence which the constable g a has given . T hat evidence was materially helpful to the case for the 1 3th accused ; a n d other witnesses called T by the prosecution have supported that story . here a r e b materials put before you y the prosecution ,

n M r . H which have one tre d , that is that arischandra , consistent to the pri n ciples O f the religion which n ot di stu r he advocates , was preaching peace and n T n ba ce . here have been one or two honest wit esses

M r . W . F c alled in this case . ait was one ather Roux ’

M . n d r . M M a r . W was another , so was eaden ait s evidence supports my co n ten tion that H arischandra w a s doi n g all he could to help to quiet the a n gry

mob . A n M r H fter the proceedi gs were over . aris n B r n M r . a e P chandra was specially se t for by y , olice M n i agistrate , and tha ked for the serv ces he had i n rendered , for the assistance he had given preventing the riot from developing into more serious n p roportio s . I t has been proved to you that on the occasion O f the visit O f the Acti n g Governor i n 1 902 he occupied a place o n the platform and delivered an

. M . r . . A address Booth , G , had the candour to say ’ H r i s c h n r that he approved O f M r . a a d a s policy so n n far as it related to matters co cerning educatio . I t was attempted by the C rown to establish that the disturbance o n the 9th was the result O f ’

M r . H a r i sc h a n r h d a s preachi n g . T e evidence which H 2 I O O B U D D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S .

I will call will entirely disprove what one or tw o H ’ n M r . a r i s c h a n r wit esses said about d a s acts . “ O n e O fthe T amil wit n esses seemed to have been

at the proper places at the proper time to hear .

' treaso n bei n g preached . I t was a n oteworthy fact a n d n h that he heard that othing more or less . S uc n a n d evide ce was shameful a disgrace . ‘ I ca n n ot see what is the case agai n st th e

1 3 n . a n d n th priso er I am really truly ha dicapped , n h perplexed a d embarassed . T e O fficials were agai n st him ; they thought that he was givi n g them I n n n o end of trouble . ca ot see anything in thi”s n H n a n da r letter writte by arischa dra to the S e sa . T here were worse thi n gs tha n that appeari n g da y i n D n th e after day the aily News , or eve “ “ n h S tandard or the I dependent . T e C rown M r H attempted to show that . arischandra got up

h n . the riot . T e wit esses for the prosecution have i n n n ot proved this a y way . Respectable ge n tlemen present at the A n n iversary M eeti n g O f the M aha i H Bodhi S ociety d d n ot hear M r . arischa n dra speak T h f anything treasonable . e evidence O some O fthe O fficials went on to s”how to W hat exte n t he has . tried to quell the mob .

T h e fo ll o wi n g e vi de n c e O f two O f t h e wit n e s s e s c a ll e d fo r t h e d e fe n c e pro v e s t h e fa l s ity o f th e st a t e m e n t s O f th e c hi e f wit n e ss of th e pro se c uti o n I a ek r a — I a t h n f H D A . u n s e m e s e c o a n . G O c c a o n . . I p t r V i ti - n I wa s e i n th e No rth C e n tra l P r o vi c e . s pre n t a t t h e l a s t a - I di n A n n ive rsa ry M e e ti n g o f th e M h a B od hi S o c i e ty . d o t se e

e e a T a m m a n I m ade a s o s e e c o n a o c c a s o n . th r il , h rt p h th t i

M r H a s c a n d a a so s o k e a n d a s o M r . D e A s O f th e . ri h r l p l lwi N a n a P e s n c m e n o f th e R u wa n we l i sa a ac c e . a K h h ri r wit ri t , i u b t y

T m e s M r . H a sc a n d a s o e a o e d c a o n l e e de d . a pl , pr i ri h r p k b ut u ti

H e d id n ot s e a o f a n da s m . wo rk . p k v li 2 N a ra n wi ta u ma n a sa ra P r i est : — I a m th e c e f th . S hi f O e w a s e se n a t th e An n R uwa n we l i sa ya T e mpl e . I pr t ive r s a ry M e e n o f th e M a a - B o d S o c e A n a d a a a n d I ti g h hi i ty , ur h pur ,

T 25 e so n s e se n . I did n t pre si ded . h e re w e re a b o ut p r pr t o see a T a m m a n T h e m n e s O f a m e e n e e e c o ded b il . i ut th t ti g w r r r y t h e S e c e r R a a k h No a P c . M r . H n d a M . a s e a sc a a r t ry , j p , t ry ubli ri h r a o m a de k d a n s a e a m . l a s pe e c h . H e s po e b o ut u c ti o l a tt ers I did n ot ea h i n I h r m sa y th a t so me thi g sh o uld b e de stroy ed . h a ve

e n e a d h im e ac a n d s e a . H e i s a ood B dd s oft h r pr h p k g u hi t .

n a k a e e de . I k n o w M r . G u se e ra wh o g v vi n c e H e wa s pre se n t a t th a t m e e ti n g a n d h e wa s a l so a spe a k e r th e re

T H E D AY O F D E NT 72th cto ber 7 0 U G M . O 9 3 . J ,

“ T h e C e yl o n St a n da rd sa y s

B u ddhi st s fro m K a n dy a n d th e a dj o i n i n g vill a g e s a n d fr o m ’ n e n o w A uradh a pura m u st e r e d i n full fo r c e . By e l e v O c l c k it a s a l m o st i m o ssib l e t o e t n o t h e c o - o se o n to th e c o d p g i t urt h u wi g r w , an d a s t h e d a o e n th e c o d e a e I n t h e e e n n y w r o r w gr w l rg r . v i g th e g a th e ri n g wa s so l a rg e th a t a fo rc e o f fifty c o n s ta bl e s wa s e s o n e d to e e de T h e e c e m e n i n t he a e n o o n r qui iti k p o r r . x it t ft r se m d H i s Lo d s s e e t o h a v e re a c h e d a c li m a x . r hi p Ju ti c e ’ ’ M i ddl e t o n s c h a rg e to th e Jury c o m m e n c e d at e l e v e n o c l o c k a n d ’ a - n n f r n — fi l st e d til l 4 30 p . m . with h a lf a h o ur s i t e rv a l o lu c h v”e

T h a a t d . h o ur s . e Jury t o o k e x c tly tw o h o ur s to a rriv e th e ir v e r i c t

H i s Lordship said i n the course of his address . “ I n the first place there is a certain amou n t of n n l T political sig ifica ce n the case . his is a matter n n which does ot co cern me or the J ury . Your duty i s fi n d n to , to ascertai , whether the accused are f n guilty O the charges men tio n ed i n the indictme t . You have got nothing to do with the political aspect O fthe case as was poi n ted out by the C ounsel for the n defe ce . “ T h e ev i den ce d oes n ot sh ow th a t th e 73 th f a c c u sed took a r i n h r i a a l p t t e ot t l . I f you are satisfied in your mi n ds that he remained in the n O assembly , approvi g of its common bject , and that he i n stigated the other members O f the assembly to n o t commit these acts , although he did do them , he n n is still respo sible for the acts , for insta ce , the f h u destructio n O f the Roma n C atholic C h ur ch : I e : i n stigated others to do it and if he was °i ri ° that l e company , he is as much responsib

persons who committed the act . respo n sible for those acts which were committed i n n O f n furthera ce the commo n O bject . O the other ha n d he is apparently regarded by the C rown as O f the instigator the whole proceedings , because in

H a n ri sc h a dra . 1 0 2 B U D D H I ST G R I E VA NC E S . considering this case they would take into their n T h k e what had been written and the evidence . e theory O f the prosecution in this case is that there is a S ociety called the M aha - Bodhi S ociety in A S n nuradhapura , that that ociety was ma aged by the 1 3 th a n d i n n accused , the course of the admi istration O f the S ociety the members O f the S ociety had a great O bjection to the presence i n Anuradhapura O f a n d O meat markets , churches , also had bjections to Government buildi n gs on lands devoted from earlier T h n times to sacred purposes . e C row puts it before _ you that he has bee n requested by the members of n the same S ociety to preach against these thi gs . T h e C rown urges the fact that the destruction of

n . the flower garde , the meat market and the church on that particular 9th O f J une was done in consequence O f the feeling which existed amo n g the T h n members of the S ociety . e C row also says that the 1 3 th accused as a matter O f fact assisted the rioters to some extent ; that he pretended to be assisting to suppress the riot , but all the time by words a n d signs b e induced the rioters to go on w O f n a n d ith the work destructio , that he suggested to them that they must go on a n d fi n ish their work n T h e n by destroyi g the church . C ou sel for the defence showed that the A n uradhapura M aha - Bodhi S ociety was a perfectly legitimate S ociety and they did n othing else tha n express their legitimate views . T h er e i s n oth i ng i n th ese wr i tng s to whi ch a n y on e a n a k i n T h e i d n ce a s th a t h e n ever c t e except o . ev e s y wen t to th e sc en e except to help Governme n t O fficials i § an d when §l e went with the peon to the police “ i l l h stat o n . A the time the 1 3 t accused was in the W k- h ou se H i s Lordshi p the n dealt with each O f the other d n accuse , and towards the co clusion made the followi n g refere n ces : “ T h e C ou n sel for the prosecutio n referred to the n T h G 2 docume ts rather stro n gly . e letter dated 6th M 1 900 D h a r m a al a arch , , is a letter from p to

B U D D H I S T G R I E VA NC E S .

T H arischa n dra . here is nothing to which they can 1 a n take exception in that . I t s expression of feeling n 1 3 by a corresponde t to the th accused . T here 1 8 T another letter marked J . here is nothing in it O f n which advocated the use viole ce or force . I t indicates perfectly legitimate agitation . T hey O bject n O f to the prese ce beef markets and churches , h T n . T &c . he comes the letter L is is also a letter from D h a r m a pa l a with regard to the protectio n of A n ur”adhapura sacred lands from further desecratio n . ’ r H i s Lordship also referred to M . We e ra s u r iy a s letter a n d also the letter writte n by the E ditor of “ R n a the S a n da re s a . efere ce was lso made to

M - the extracts from the aha Bodhi Journ al , and “ said th a t th ere”wa s n oth i ng u n con s ti tu ti on a l i n th ese d ocu men ts .

- M . n J ust after 63 30 R . the gentleme of the J ury return ed to their seats after deliberatio n and the forema n declared that the 1 3 th prisoner ’ r H a r i c h a n d ra w a s n o t u il tv O f M . s g all the charges i framed against h m . (Italics are ours . )

’ R D E WA O N T R A D I T O R R A I N S I R W E sT I G Y s C C Y O T O S .

28th O c o er t b ,

S i r We s t Ridg e w a y whil e a ddr e s s i n g th e C hi e fs a n d H eadm e n o f th e No - C e n a P o n c e A n a d a a sa d rth tr l r vi , ur h pur , i T e e i s a S o c e c a l e d t h e M a a - B o d S o c e a ra n c h r i ty l h hi i ty , b h n d n n O f whi c h h a s r e c e n tly b e e e st a bli s h e h e re . I h a v e o thi g t o e i h d n n say a g a i n st th a t S o c i e ty . I b e li e v t a s o e o bl e w o rk a s e a d s e d u c a ti o n a n d I h a e n o t se e n th a t S o c e t a s a S o c e t r g r , v i y i y a d a n c e a n e a a a n c a m s e e a re m e m e s o f a v y xtr v g t l i , but th r b r th t S o c i e ty wh o v e ry u n wi se ly a n d v e ry fo o li s hly a dv a n c e th e m o s t a n ow e xtr a v a g a n t c l a i m s a n d pr e t e n s i o n s . I h a ve l e tt e r fr o m M r D h r ma a l a e n t m e o m A m e c a i n c b e . a o p , writt fr ri , whi h prac ti c a lly c l a i m s th e wh o l e O f A n ur a d h a p ura — I d o n ot k n o w fo r wh o m — but h e w o uld a ppa re n tly li k e t o e xpe l e ve rybody o m wh i c e n s o n s c a n n o fr it o s n o t a B u dd hi s t . S u h pre t i t b e l s e n e d t o th e B s G o e n m e n t a n d th e e d c a ed i t by riti h v r , u t peo pl e wh o a dva n c e th e m m u s t k n o w pe rfe c tly w e ll th a t a s l o n g a s th e B riti sh G o v e r n m e n t e xi st s th e re i s n o t a c h a n c e o f s u c h d c o s a n d s d ri i ul u a b ur s ugg e sti o n s b e i n g s u c c e ss fully m a de . T h e B U D D H I S T G R I E A I 0 4 V NC E S .

e c e n o s e e I a m a a d th e o o f oo s m e n d ed r t ri t w r , fr i , w rk f li h u p b b etter - edu ca ted m en — wheth er here i n C ol ombo or u r ther a el d y , , f fi , w bu t th e u l l ed th tr n I do n ot k n o e s i s . , y p g

1 4 No e m e 1 903 th v b r , .

S i r W e s t R idg e w a y whil e a ddre s si n g th e B uddhi s t De put a ’ o n a t e e n s H o se C o o m o sa d : ti Qu u , l b , i “ I n ever ha d the r e mo test i dea tha t a n o ou en tl emen th y fy g , a t a n o the l ea di n o r en l i hten ed B u ddhi sts wer e i n a n wa y f g g , y y a ccessor to th o se r i ots or mu ch l ess tha t the i n sti a ted these r y , y g i ots b u t I di d thi n k tha t cer ta i n wor ds — ca r el ess wor ds — whi ch escaped them m ig h t ha ve en co u r a g ed the m or e ig n ora n t pa rt of the popa l a ti o n to su Jose tha t the wo u l d r ecei ve en co u r a emen t whi ch p/ y g , cer ta i n l y wa s n o t the i n ten ti on o the s ea k ers to i ve them o n f p g but , t h e o e a n d I n i n a e e c I o e o r a s e e c th r h , thi k , l tt r whi h wr t , p h — whi c h I m a de I fo rg et whi ch - I a llu de d to th e ri o t s b e i n g i n s tig a t e d by m o r e ed u c a t ed m e n — I forg et my e x a c t w o rds e e i n C o o m o o r e a e d T h e de a i n m m n d wa s a ith r l b furth r fi l . i y i l e e c I h ad e c e e d o m M r . D h a r m a al a o m C c a o tt r whi h r iv fr p fr hi g , a v e ry stro n g — I m ight a l m o s t say a vi o l e n t — l e tt e r i n whi c h h e a dv o c a t e d th e c a u se o fth e ri o t e r s a n d h e ld G o v e r n m e n t e n tire ly to a m e a n d a so c a m e d - a m o s e a a a n m o ss e bl , l l i t xtr v g t , i p ibl c l a im — th a t th e wh o l e O fA n ura dh a pura s h o ul d b e ha n ded o v e r to th e B dd s s a n d a a l l o e e o n s a s h e c a e d u hi t th t th r r ligi , ll it , s o d b e e e e d o m th e a c e . T a wa s i n m m n d a n d I h ul x p ll fr pl h t y i , c a n n o e n n o m c o e s o n de n c e c c a m e n o m t h l p thi ki g , fr rr p whi h i t y po s se s s i o n at th e ti m e O f th e tri a l s — a n d whi c h I did n o t thi n k it de s ira bl e t o publ i s h o r bri n g to light — th a t th e se ri o te r s we re e n c o a e d n n e n o n a n o d o s o m e e n e n ed ur g , u i t ti lly ubt , by light B d B t I n d a n u dhi st s . u h o pe y o u u e r s t d th a t I n e v e r s u spe c t th a t th e r e pre se n t a tiv e m e m be r s a n d e du c a t e d l e a d e r s O f thi s e n light e n e d a n d i mpo rt a n t se c ti o n of th e c o mm u n ity w o uld d e e a e n s a a n r n h l w lib r t ly i tig t e y di s o rde r o o ppo siti o to t e a . a r (It li c s a e o ur s . )

T H E O U R N E T O A N U R A D H A P R A 1 0 6 J Y U .

. S Ga n ewa side even miles further you arrive at tta . Before arriving at this station the train crosse s D edu r u O a y that flows into the sea at C hilaw . I t s W length is 87 miles . hen the train moves on towards the n ext statio n it may be of i n terest to n O f see the arrow canal on the right side the railway , not far from the platform . It brings water from r Batalagoda tank , about five miles away , in orde n T to feed the ice little pond on the left side . his ancient pond , by the side of which there is a Buddhist T C R emple , has been restored by the eylon ailway D epartment to supply its wants T h e n earest n Wa r i a o l a important bazaar from Ga ewatta is p , 7% miles O ff o n the Kurunegala - Anuradhapura cart 1 4 road . You have to travel miles before you reach

fl the third sta ti o n M a h o . O n both sides of thi s part of the line you will see mostly j ungle ; and a n d fe w here and there a few fields , small tanks , a A n groups O fcocoanut trees are seen . t a dista ce of tw o M about miles from aho to the east is Yapahuwa , a n ancient city of less importance . Leaving M aho the train will take you through the jungle , interrupted by the sight of a few cocoanut trees and O f n fields , another stretch seve miles , and then you l h f arrive at Am b a np o a . T e residents O this villag e

n o . live beyo d the tank , which is Visible at this p int H n n M e e O a avi g passed this statio you cross y , and at a short distance you will ' see the houses of the village called Galgamuwa , where there is a bazaar , a

- Government dispe n sary a n d rest house . T hough A n the station is located at rasanwewa , the ame by n n n which the adjoi i g village is know , it is called Ga lg a m u wa after the name O f the more importa n t l n vi lage closely situated . O the left side a small rock is see n where there are two or three caves E n where Buddhist monks lived i n former times . ve at the present day n o w and then some mo n ks are n n th e fou d living there . (I t is ecessary that Gover n me n t should give strict orders to the Railway f a n d P . o W . D . authorities not to destroy that part

1 0 8 T H E B E ST WA Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R U I NS

T i z here are three sections to go through v . (1 ) M aha Vihara ; (2) Ab h ay a g i ri and J e taw a n ar ama ; M n (3) ihi tale .

I t takes five hours for a p e r s o n driving i n a c n arriage to go through the first sectio , which

B O - P r a s a da a R u w a n w e l i includes maluwa , Loha y , , T h u a r a m a I s u r u m n i V e s sa i r i a n d M i ri i u s a w e t . p , , g T h e visitor should begi n O perations from the

B O - — T h maluwa enclosure of the S acred ree . T e O n ly entrance O f the B O maluwa faces the road n a n d from the railway statio , here you will first see * n n i n a n d a moo sto e , three steps , two jan tor sto es

n n . O n two side wi gs , all bearing beautiful carvi gs 1 6 n the small platform there are sto e pillars , the ’ f M u r a e - T h remains O the second g (guard room) . e unfinished arch of brick that is here is a n i n n ovation

n n B O - T T by the present I cumbe t of the ree emple . O n descending the four steps laid on the other side of l f r n the p a t o m y o u will see a plain moo stone . Walk O n n directly to the second entra ce , where there are 1 2 broad steps and a larger moonsto n e a n d two

n . janitor stones . O referring to plate IX you will see a mo n k standing on the moonsto n e a n d over him

n - T n a bra ch of a b O tree . his bra ch has proved dangerous to the pilgrims on the great festival days i n A M a D a n d n pril , y , J une , J uly and ecember , o ce it O l d brought about the death of an man , who hit his

head against it . Passing through these steps you will arrive at At the third entrance facing the east . the time when pilgrims are engaged in their devotion it is not right to walk ro u nd the T ree in such a manner a n T e as to cause y noise , or come between the r e n and the pilgrim . O going up the platform you T n could see the oldest ree in the world , havi g three O n e - chief branches ; to the north east , another to

I n S n a e se i s c a e d S a n da k a da ak ana S a n da m o o n a da i h l it ll p , ; k , a ; a h a n a s o n e . h lf p , t V XXX I I I .

T H E B E S T WA Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R U I N S . b a surd , as all these rough pillars were inclosed in n H the basement of the huge buildi g . ere also the C eylo n Govern ment claims the lan d that was once n f P r a a d the compou d O the s ay a . After having examined the pillars of the P r a s aday a

‘ you come to the j unction of five roads , and on th”e R an si m l left side there remains the site of a ak ay a . X T h e l O f I t is 80 63 feet . who e this site is termed the property of the C rown " A n d to strengthen this claim the O fficers have built the market by its side (see plate T h e beef stall that was

n O f S - T there , within the preci cts the acred Bodhi ree , w a s n o n removed to a other spot the l st of January , 1 908 , on account of the repeated representations from the Buddhists . E nter i n to y”our conveyance and drive on along the h S acred Road . T e park on the left side was made about fifteen years ago by levelli n g down the rui n s that projected above the ground . Very interesting h ruins are buried here . T e body of the Ki n g D utu m n n G e u u was cremated on this la d (see p . and his tomb is considered to have been seriously damaged by those who attempted to level this piece n h O f grou d for a park . T e brick basemen t towards the west withi n this e splanade is supposed to be the O f n D m remains the monument of the Ki g utu G e u n u . 22 x 1 T h It measures 7 feet . e large ball within sight o n the other side of the park is the court O house , pposite to which a few stone steps are laid

n T - n ope . his discovery should e courage an expert Arch aeological O fficer to carry o n exte n sive excava tio n s rou n d about the spot a n d u n earth all the n n n n valuable rui s therein . S urely a cie t thi gs are

- much more valuable tha n a play grou n d . T urn to the right at the first j u n ctio n n ext to M P r a s ada a n t n a n d o n Loha aha y J u c io , drive direct ,

‘ whe n you will see on your right side a fi n e po n d n T laid with sto e slabs . hen turn to the left and ’ o n n P R drive , rou d the Buddhist ilgrims est founded i n 1 897 M F n . . n d f n by essrs N S . er a o O C olombo a d X XX IX .

T H E B E S T W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A N D R U I NS .

n n h about 24 pillars . O desce ding the steps on t e opposite side you come to the compou n d called Ga a n M a l u wa n n t h e j , the ame bei g derived from excellen t arrangement O f o n e hu n dred elepha n t heads on each side O f the short wall that face s n n n r this compou d , alo g which processio s ma ched i n the O lde n times . I t is better to postpone for a while the examinatio n of the elephant faces ; and ’“ n S a l a a ta l a enter , through the third entra ce the fi n M a l u wa . I f the Buddhists are e gaged in devotion a n d religious ceremonies at the great S hri n e (read C hapter be careful n ot to walk in such a manne r n n as to cause a y inco venience to them . Keep your D a n d n en right to the agaba walk alo g , wh you will see a small canoe to hold water for pilgrims to wash n I their hands a d flowers . N ext to that there S a standing slab havi n g an inscription in S inhalese r characters 700 years O l d . T he n you see the fou f i — K k a n d ‘ S O v z . a u s a tatues the last four Buddhas ; , K m h i o n a a a . T e s g , Kassapa and Gautama fifth one O f D utth a D G e m u n u that the King Gamini or utu , who co n structed this most marvellous edifice twenty l e and a half centuries ago . A l these statues wer discovered by the I ncumbent of the R u w a n w e l i T emple at the time when the debris collected arou n d T h n f n o w the edifice was removed . e mou ds O earth see n o n your left side had been burying the D agaba partly at the time when this indefatigable mo n k commenced restoration work . It has been proposed ’ to remove the King s statue to a more appropriate spot as the prese n t place did not belong to it At n th e originally . the southern entra ce there is T s statue O f King Bhatiya T issa (see plate X X L) . hi is found where it was placed in a n cient days . T owards the northern entrance there is the colossal 22 i n th e pillar , feet height , that had been fixed by great - grand - father of D utu G e m u n u to mark the spot of the M aha C étiy a (see page N ow y o u

S a a s o n e l t ; p a t a l a l a id ; M a luwa c o m po u n d . N D R U I N T H E B E ST WA Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A S . I I 3

e n n have to r tur to the mai entrance on the east , where there is the collectio n - box kept by the R u w a n w e l i D agaba R estoration S ociety for the most stupe n dous task of restori n g this most impor ta n t R H i s E n W edifice . ead the letters of xcelle cy illiam 2 E n 1 . i n . 50 5 5 a d Greg ory pp , , very Buddhist lover O f a n tiquities is requested to render all possible n D support towards this restoratio work . O not forget to exami n e n o w the remains O f the elepha n t faces built i n to the walls arou n d the platform of th e D O f n n agaba , some which could be see on the easter H wall facing the quarters O f the monks . aving do n e this you c a n step i n to the premises O f th e O f S u m a n a sa ra monks , the chief whom is N aranwita i n r W . U n n a se S . , who is referred to even by Gregory H e — S P — speaks besides inhalese and ali Burmese , E n H n M T . industa i , alay , amil and a little glish You can walk through the compound a n d on your way “ ” to the S acred Road there is seen a circular pond laid with slabs . You would be surprised to learn that the ig n orant servants O f the C row n want the Buddhists to acquiesce in their silly statement that eve n th e first guard - house you have already seen and a s shown in plate XVI . is C rown property " S uch an act should be characterised as a heinous crime " A very small D agaba called K ujati s sa Ve h e r a i s to be found on the right side O f the S acred Road behi n d the Governme n t bu n galows faci n g

R uw a n w e l i . After having noted all what you saw at R uwan weli enter into the conveyance and drive on for about a minute , when you would come to a j unction where on the right side the Government C ivil H o s pital is . H ere you should turn to the left in the n n a n d O f n wester directio , on the right side this bra ch road there lie a sto n e bath and basin (see plate T n here had bee a bath room at this spot , and a portio n of the foundation stones is still to be T h seen . e bungalow of modern type on this la n d E ST W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I N E S A ND R U I NS 1 1 4 T H E B . t h e crematio n grou n d of the Buddhist P riesthood is the result O f a foolish act of a late Government n n a n d A ge t , who , though agai st historical facts the n a n d n n i n n e vide ce of brick sto e remai s the la d , to n n O f the great a oyance the Buddhist public , caused t h e erectio n of this building . A s the Buddhists continued crematio n on the same la n d n o O fficer lived i n this bu n galow for some time after its co n s At n M O ffi t r u c ti o n . prese t the edical cer lives here . ’ S i r H e n ry Blake s Govern ment has allotted a small portion O f this exte n sive crematio n grou n d for

crematory rites , and that part may be seen enclosed n O f A with barbed wire at the expe se the Buddhists . t a distance of a few feet from the stone bath there n n O f is a small brick mou d , which is the remai s A C éti a n nula y , the monume t built in memory of th e first S i n halese lady who became a priestess immediately after the adve n t of S a n g h a m itta T heri O n (see p . the same side there are three small tombs built i n memory O f three chief monks n n who lived in A uradhapura within the last ce tury . S ixteen sto n e pillars that stan d to the east O f the T h u p a are those O f the g uard - room O f the ’ F M u ra e T h u pa ra m a . rom the site of this g or guard - room you c a n see the remai n s O fthe rampart n around the D agaba preci cts . I t measures 465 feet

from east to west a n d 3 1 0 from n orth to south . ’ E n n M u r a e n teri g through the g walk alo g the path , whe n you would see on your left side the site of the a n cie n t D a l a d a M a l ig a wa or the T ooth - Relic T a n O n Palace . here is blo g well beautifully laid with s tone slabs ; a n d it is evident that it had a separate room although there is no protection

- - h a a whatsoever n o w a days arou n d it . T e M a l ig w

T 4 e x c l l n ~ il l a r s was a n upstair o n e . here are e e t p n o n 2 1 n n . havi g extraordi ary carvi gs the top , pillars n T h e i n good state a n d 1 5 i a damaged conditio n . sto n e door - frame which is still i n erect con dition 1 T h n 4 . X 3 . e measures 7% ft . ft 5 ins lower portio of

three or four pillars has still a polished surface .

W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R I T H E B E ST U NS . 1 1 5

T h e w hole O f the well - preserved basement O f this X 2 building measures 70 7 feet . T h e steps O f the eastern entrance of the T hupa

— — r ama D agaba (read C hapter VI I I . ) have been n wh o m isplaced rece tly by the Buddhists restored it . T h e carved stone tub at the e n trance is intended to A hold water for the use O f pilgrims . scend and T walk along the S a l apa ta l a M a l u wa . his is the

first D agaba constructed by the S inhalese nation . T his being quite a small structure has never been n n left to be i ruins . I n ancie t days this and all other n n D agabas were crowned with golden pi acles . T h e n o w o n e you see on the top is made of brass . O n d escending from the platform to the Wel i M a l u wa or sandy compou n d there is a small mound to the n north withi the same compound , and it is called n S a n gh a mitta C étiy a . I t co tains the relics of h m i S a n g a tta T heri referred to in pages 30 and 33 . T h e j unction O f three roads within the sacred T h u a r a m a n e w precincts of p is a introduction , probably to pave the way to usurp all this ground . T h e road to the n orth leads to J e taw a n a r a m a and L a n k a ra m a D n n agabas , which come u der the seco d section . It is a matter for serious consideration on the part of the C eylo n Govern ment why it has been allowed to call the very compou n d of this D agaba “ ” C row n property . T here are the fou n dations O f the a a n d n ramp rt on all the four sides , withi it there lie “ the rui n s O fD a l a d a M a l ig a wa a nd also S a n gh a m itta f C étiy a . I n short every piece O stone tells the story I n O f the rights O f the Buddhists . addition to all n these proofs there are the most authe tic records , ’ ’ “ M a h a va n sa Fa - H n such as the , ia s Buddhist R W W &c . O n ecords of the estern orld , the face O f these facts an attempt to co n vert the sacred preci n cts of T h u pa r a m a to C rown land is nothi n g

M r . a n d . . W but outrageous mischievous L . Booth , d uri n g whose admi n istratio n O f this part O f the f country the Buddhists su fered very much , com mitte d a most u n j ust act by drivi n g away the 1 2 W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A N D R I N 1 1 6 T H E B E S T U S .

’f de v o te e who was atte n di n g to the daily duties at this S hri n e and by getting his house pulled down n n O f C f without the i terfere ce the ourt O Law . S urely this is n o t the characteristic O f British J ustice so widely accepted throughout the world Let the carriage be take n towards the west a n d o n O f A W await your arrival the bund bhaya ewa , n B k l m which is erro eously called a s a wak u a a . You may walk towards the south along the footpath that n M a l i a wa D n ru s between g and the agaba , whe you will see to the south - west O f the S hrine the site f A i a h k a i r i n n i n O s gg a P v e a as show plate XXIX . I n a parallel li n e with this site towards the south a few feet distan t there is the M u tr ag a l a — (plate T his is a very good proof of the refined n n sanitary arra gements in the days O f a tiquity . H s t a n d o n aving seen thi get back to the foo path , proceeding a few feet to the south you will see the n i i n T h remai s of C u l l an a g a P r v e a . e sculpture on the moonstone and other stones at the threshold is 1 90 1 t something very beautiful . I n about the basemen stones O f this were in good order on all sides ; since then the A r c hmo l o gi c a l force of coolies had some diggi n g i n the ce n tre O f the buildi n g a n d the spot n n i n e was abandoned abruptly , leavi g thi gs a wors A a condition . We hope the rch aeologic l C ommis s i o n e r would attend to this and get the sto n es replaced . Behind this and towards the road to the bu n d O f the tank there are two n ice sto n e basi n s which had been enclosed with a room of 1 2 x 9 feet F for monks to wash and dye their robes . rom here o n A W n walk to the bund of bhaya ewa , formed duri g

- n O f n P a n du k a A 43 7 3 67 B . C . the reig the Ki g bhaya , We are not anxious to poi n t out O fficial blu n ders ; but it is our duty to state that it is wrong to stamp this historic tank with a n ame foreig n to the history A n e n n of uradhapura . W have been poi ti g out this ; i s but the O fficials adhere to the false name . It

R e a d h i s state m e n t s i n pa g e 93 .

T H E B E S T W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R U I N S . a bsolutely esse n tial that this ta n k should go by its * T genui n e name . his tank was fully restored in 1 879 a n d the a n n ual water - rate Governme n t got in h . T e 1 R s 500 . 899 was over cost of its restoration ,

n 265 R s . whose exte t is acres , is laid down as

- T h 73 . e height of its sluice above mean sea 2 F n O f level is 76 45 . rom the bu d the tank you will get a w e ste r n view of R u w a n w e l i D agaba . I n the midway betwee n the D agaba a n d the bu n d there lie the rui n s of M a h a pa d u m a and S u n h ata Pi riv e n a s or

O rie n tal C olleges . (S e e plates XXXI . and I t was from the preci n cts O f the former that the coolies of the P ublic Works D epartme n t removed n i n sto es ; and those shown plate XLIV . are some that were left u n broke n through the i n terference T . S e e . 78 of the Buddhists ( pp , hese were F photographed by a represe n tative of M essrs . . n l m 11 1 1 S C O . C O o b O O 7 907 kee , , the th N ovember , , F O f A a at our request . rom the words the rch eological C ommissio n er i n page 78 you could very well u n der sta n d the despotic attitude this serva n t O f H i s i M ajesty has assumed . H s authority appears to be somethi n g higher tha n that O f the C ourt of Law " We k n ow that he is one of the oldest civil servants ; but it is gross violatio n of British J ustice to reduce these sacred sto n es to metal a n d to say that the remai n s of religious edifices i n the S acred C ity do n o t n belo g to the Buddhists . I f the sacred precincts i n n are allowed to be devastated this man er , in a short time th e B u ddhi st s will have very little evide n ce n n to mai tain their lo g enjoyed rights and privileges , a n d the lovers of antiquities who visit this C ity of n S hri es a n d R ui n s will be disappoi n ted . S urely the British Government that is based o n the best O flaws should n o t legalize such acts of its serva n ts and thus su ffer the Buddhist world to get disgusted with n n British admi istratio . ” T h ”e fo rm e r Ayt o n ro a d i s c a ll e d s i n c e a fe w m o n th s D i c k so n o a d i n m e m o O f a fli c i l e o s b d a d a n - o c a n r , ry th t o a wh o s m t a s ur n ti hi st ri p l f A n o ura d h a pura h a s b ro u g ht a b o ut a l l thi s c o n fu i s o n a n d a n xi e ty " Wh e n s u c h c h a n g e s a r e p o s s i b l e why d e l a y i n o th e r m a tte r s ? W Y E E T H E I T H E B E S T A T O S S H R NE S A ND R U I NS . 1 1 8 ,

T o the south of M a h a pa du m a Pi r iv e n a there is a n pond laid with sto e slabs that are now in disorder . O f Beyond this , within an enclosure , is the bungalow the Police M agistrate . (S e e plate XXXI I I T h e i n trus i on upon Buddhist land by O fficials 1 s very manifest from this instance also . T o the west of M a h a pa du m a Pi r iv e n a there 1 s a mou n d on the top O f which there had been a small building that was used by mo n ks as a place for meditation and also for enjoying fresh breeze during T h 1 hot hours . e new house next to this s the res i dence O f the tank guardian . From here you may o n n o n drive to the j unctio , meanwhile looking the T h e ruins between the tank and the road . upstair building on the left side at this j unction is the O f Government Kachcheri , where the chief fice of the T Government Agent is . urn to your left and drive

' O n a few fathoms towards the east when you will see on the left side a small pond shown in plate X 70 65 . T XXXV . I t measures feet his beautiful O f pond , on the bed which stone slabs are laid , had its supply of water from Abhaya Wewa by mea n s of A s n pipes . this was prepared for the use of mo ks we co n jecture that there had been a roof over this T nice little pond . here is a bigger one on your right

n . side , and it is in a most dilapidated conditio 'D o n w rive to the j unction of four roads , ithin n your sight , and turning to the right go alo g the n newly established bazaar road . O the left side you see the rampart O f the B O - maluwa ; after you have passed the second row O f boutiques you will see to the right the site O f an important building A a H . P . M r . C . about which Bell , rch eological C n O 1 894 ommissio er , bserves thus in his report , T h e we ll - k n ow n rui n i n t h e h ea rt o f th e t o w n a n d c l o s e “ to t h e A”n ura d h a pura - Kuru n eg a l a ro a d k n o w n a s M a y u ra “ P i r i ven a — a m i sn o me r c o mm o n ly m i s tra n s l a t e d P e a c o c k P a ac e — wa s e c a a e d a e i n th e e a a n d o se O f its l x v t l t y r , th c o m n s s lu whi c h w e re pro n e pa rti a lly ra i ed . “ — T n n 45 . hi s o c e b ea utiful s hri n e a Vih a r e m ea s uri g 66 ft . by ft ‘ “ i n — i s o f h - n e s O f 6 . t e type o f th e so c a ll ed P a vili o s w t

E BE ST WA Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R U I N T H S . I I 9

R wa n vel i D a a a a n d th e a e a t Ab h a a i ri u g b Vih r y g y a . ( S ec ti o n I V . ) “ T h e o n a e l a s e a n s a e d s a a n d: r t pi l r , with th ir pl i qu r h ft ad n c a a s o s e 1 1 e e o m o o e e T h S pr e i g pit l , r f t fr fl r l v l . e o r n am e n t a ti o n o f t h e c a pita l s a s s i m il a t e s to th a t a t t h e o th e r T h e ma ka ra - o v i h a re s of thi s s pe c i a l ty pe . t ppe d ba lu stra de i s T h d s s d e e e 7 . i d n e e e c e 8 n . b d e xc e e i gly w ll x ut . wi t p ( ft ) a tri pl e d a s a n d a s e s o n e se s a n d a t o o a fi n e m o o n s o n e w rf pil t r th ir ri r , f t t , quit e pl a i n s a v e fo r a c e n tra l l o tu s fl o w e r c a rv e d i n r e li e f— th e m o re c h a st e fro m i t s s i mpli c ity . T h e rui n h a s n a tura lly s uffe re d wh o l e sa l e de s po ili n g fro m n B a d - s o n a n it s c o n v e n i e n t po s iti o . o th gu r t e s d m u c h o f th e o o f i ts o c o a r e o n e fo r e e o e e th s t o n e w rk p rti g v r , t g th r with e n n e c o m n s a l l O f c e m f th e e o f e o n e . s h aft s O i r lu , whi h w r li st O n e a l s a de o n e s e th e m o o n s o n e a n d t h e m a o o f b u tr , t p , t , j rity h a s o n a e n - o a l o e e e m a n l l t e pill r ( r”igi lly tw ty f ur t g th r) r i ; but a n e ed r e se tti n g .

H aving seen the remains O fthis buildi n g proceed on and after you have crossed the canal that take s water from T issa Wewa you will see a D agaba in

ruins on the right side of the road . S ome call thi s E l a l a oh on a O f T S , the tomb built in memory the amil E l al a E th e usurper or lara , who was defeated by D G e m u n u e S inhalese King utu , about whom referenc O f h is made in the first part C hapter X . In t e absence O fany proof whatsoever to accept it as such w e are at a loss to understand what has induced the” O f E l l O fficials to name a portion this road a a Road . T h e Local Board is hereby requested to correct this h . W mistake at an e”arly date y not call thi s I s u r u m u n i Road - I s u r u m u n i bei n g the first rock T emple formed in Lanka a n d the most prominent ? O bject of visit on this road T h e notes of the A r c hwol o gic a l C ommissioner on the s o - called E l al a S obona are as follows :

T h e d e e n c e s e n i n 1 89 6 o m n o a n d e a st wi tr h , b gu , fr rth ’ n o th e oo de d l o c c o mm o n s e d E l a l a s T o m a e i t w hi l k , ly tyl b , h v b e e n p u s h e d o n u n til th e bri c k w a ll O f th e a n c i e n t d a g a b a h a s

e e n s c H e e t h e c n e s a e c a e o f 60 . b tru k . r utti g giv v rti l h ight ft P o e s s i s n e c e s sa s o o n to th e e a a m o n O f r gr rily l w , wi g gr t u t e a to b e e m o e d th e m e d s a c e fo r o n th e c o n s a n rth r v , li it p w rki g , t t d a n e o m a n ta l u s a n d th e d f c O f e n r id O f g r fr f lli g , i fi ulty g tti g l ’ spo i . 1 2 0 T H E B E ST W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R U I NS .

T h e de e p c utti n g i n t o thi s hill o c k s tru c k i n 1 897 th e b a se a t h e e m o a f n f d br O f th e a n c i e n t dag a ba fte r r v l o t o s O e i s . T hi s y e a r by p u s hi n g e x c a v a ti o n s c a re fully t h e o utli n e s s o m u c h a s re m a i n — O f i ts thr e e c o n c e n tri c a mbul a t o ri e s esada wa l a n d o f t h e a r bh a e - s a e d s e s c e (p ) g (b ll h p u p r tru tur ) ,

n c a e d a n d m c o e n a e e e n a o m a e a c e d . tru t u h br k , h v b ppr xi t ly tr O n t h e e a s t t h e a m bul a t o ri e s c a n n o t b e fixe d : t h e c o ll a ps e h a s

e e n t o o c o m e e . B u t o n t h e n o th e a s e esada wa l a n d b pl t rth b , p , ’ b e ll a r e s uffi c i e n tly w e ll m a rk e d t o giv e a n a ppro xi m a ti o n e c m n n to th e tru e c a l c ul a ti o n O f th e ir r e s p tiv e di e s i o s . W o rk e d o u t fro m t h e p a rti a l s e g m e n t l a i d ba re th e pe ri m e te r o f th e ba s e

O f t h e D a a a i s a o 5 64 ft . s t h e c c m e e n c e o f t h e g b b ut , whil t ir u f r

a a m a i s m e 1 e s s . b o tto m o f t h e g a r bh a b o v e t h e bul t o ri e s s o 00 ft . l “ ’ T h a t thi s l a rg e D a g a ba — th e pro ba bl e D a k s h i n a Vih a re — e s e m e d i ts e o s R u wa n we l i A b h a a iri a J e ta wa n ar a m a r bl f ll w ( , y g y , , M i ri sa we ti a i n a n a t t h e c a d n a a c e s O ffse n s o r y ) h vi g r i l f t wi g , s c e e n s s o n e - h a s e e n se e d th e d sc o e i n si tu o f r , t built , b ttl by i v ry ’

3 i n . O fth n 2 . i n 7 e o c t h n 4 8 . a e e o vo l o pli th ( ft by ft . ) rth h p l stel e a n k d NO a n d a p o rti o n O f th e o r n a m e n ta l whi c h fl e it w e s t . ’ h tr a c e s o f th e e a s t c h a pe l a r e ”l e ft . O n t e so uth a n d we s t th e m o u n d h a s n ot be e n O pe n e d .

At t h e c e n e wa s e o s e d a e c a m a s s o f c k tr x p v rti l bri , r o ughly squ a r e (38 T hi s w a s m a n ife s tly t h e b a s e o f th e h a ta r es k ota wa O f t h e D a g a b a . D uri n g th e c o ur s e O f w o rk a t t h e fo o t o f E l a l a S o b o n a se v e ra l li m e st o n e k a r a n d u r e li c - c a s k e t s c a m e t o light i n t h e s . e a l l m po il T h e y w e r e pty .

Whe n the above statements of the Arch ae ological C ommissio n er are directly agai n st the popular talk of the masses it is very necessary that somethi n g should be done forthwith to remove the wro n g n D n d appellatio s to the agaba a the road . T h e visitor has to drive on over the second canal T W a n d that takes water from issa ewa , in a few seco n ds his atte n tio n will be attracted by the View O f I s u r u m u n i Vihara situated o n the right side by the

n R . 33 easter bu n d O f T issa Wewa . ( ead pp and 3 4 a n d a n d see plates XI . Get the driver to take the carriage alo n g the branch road improved by the n n Vihara authorities . O both sides are see ponds a n d A n d n o w paddy fields . you have to walk over the culvert of the canal that takes water from the same source a n d the n enter i n to t he sacred preci n cts of the first rock T emple fou n ded by the

E T WA Y T O E E T E T H E B S S H S H R I NE S A ND R UI NS .

T h e Ab h a a i r i second section includes y g , Jeta n k r m w a n a r a m a and L a a a a . I t ta k e s t h re e hours to go through this section . D M n rive along the road to ihi tale , and imme diate l y after you have passed the C atholic C hurch a n d turn to the left , while proceeding you wil l se e a n d T ruins both on the right the left . h e most important site o n the right side is the spot where n stone railings are , which deserve close examinatio . h (S e e plate XXXVI I I . ) T e followi n g li n es are from the reports of the Arch ae ological C ommissio n er :

‘ T re n c hi n g wa s c o mm e n c ed r o u n d th e B uddhi s t Ra ili n g n a A h a i r i di sc o v e red i n S e pt e m b e r e r b ay g D a g a b a . “ A t t h e so uth c o r n e r o f th e e a s t fr o n t a l e n gth o f twe n ty a m n a n d n e e n e a i n si tu A n fe e t o f b s e e t pli th w r u rth e d . l o g th e e s O f s ac e th e n e O f s o n e h a d e e n e m o e d e c e a t r t thi f li t b r v , x pt t h e n o rth - e a s t c o r n e r ; t h e s o uth fa c e s h ow e d h a rdly m o r e s o n e i n o s o n a n d ‘ o n c a n t h e e c a a o n a c o s s th e t p iti , , rryi g x v ti r * O e C c a o a d o n d t h e n o a n d e s a c e s th e ut r ir ul r r r u rth w t f , sa m e d s a e a a n c e e c e a t t h e c o n e s wa s c o n m e d o f a l l i pp r , x pt r r , fir n f th e m e m s but s h o rt l e gth s O l o w e r b e r . N e a rly a l l th e pi e c e s o f t h e ra il w e r e u n e a rth e d i n s i d e m t d e e h e th e e n c o se d s e so e a a e O f 8 e o t s a c e . l it , pth f t b l w urf T h e e x c av a ti o n h a s b e e n so fa r s u c c e s sful th a t th e fo ll ow mg da t a m a y e v e n n o w b e po stul a t e d

I . T h e a n wa s e c a n a 1 40 o n i ts n o ( ) r ili g r t gul r , ft . rth a n d s d s n d 1 1 ea s a n d s o uth s i e a 0 ft . t w e t a o m a e ppr xi t ly . m m e s n I I . I t c o n s s e d o f s e ve n e e s o e to a ( ) i t b r , t g th r ri i g L e O f7 6 i n . a o e r o u n d a a c h ight ft . b v g , 1 with b k i n g O f' b r ic k wo r k u p t o th e b o tt o m o f th e r a il i he f t h e n d n s de n e to t e e o o . pli th , l v l gr u i i I I I I t wa s e n o n a m e n e d e c e at th e o ( . ) quit u r t x pt f ur e n tra n c e s . h n k f m c f t h e a n n e s s o f ( I V . ) T e e n tra c e s pa rt o o o u h O pl i h i I n l i e f th e o to ra n a c e s o f t e ra l s . u o l fty ( r h ) n d a e c c a e d c o s s a s a t th e I i with th ir ri hly rv r r il , g a t e w a y s s t o o d gu a rd - st o n e s m o rti c e d t o th e ra il n e m n a s se a o e a t bac k . T h e se e l o g a t e d t r i l ri b v '

h n n d 1 i n . e o s a re t e C o I . pi g . wi th ft , th ir t p I n d e s n e r o u n de d o ff a t a h e ight o f 5 ft . ig th y T h e s a c e o n a di spl a y a c h a st e s i m pli c ity . urf r “ m e n t i s a t a ll l o tu s pl a n t pl a n t e d i n a b o wl

n T h e ro a d h a s s i n c e b e e n d ive rte d s o a s to c l e a r th e rui . l l t T h e a e d sc o e of a e o o o m e m b e m a n ei h t i n a , l t r i v ry furth r v l r , ki g g a s e s th e e t e r i h i g ht o 8 fe t . X LI I I .

E X - C O N T R A C T O R O F A R C H I E O L O G I C A L

C O M M I S S I O N E R .

a a ra C a s e . ) (C hi e f w i t n e ss i n th e A n u r dh pu

T H E B E S T W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I N E S A ND R U I NS 1 2 4 .

- T of similar style at Buddha Gaya emple , in Bengal , n E A erected during the reig of the mperor soka . W o n Ab h a a i ri D hat you see the left is y g agaba , a n n n i n C accou t of which is give hapter XI I . (S e e D plates XXI I . and XXI I I . ) rive on to the eastern n O f n e w n e trance by the edge which this road ru s . T h e moo n sto n e is either hidden u n derneath the road T h e n or removed . dista ce from this spot to 1 a l 1 1 — n M w a t O a . u y is 2 chai s You may go round the D agaba alo n g the S a l apa tal a M a l u wa keepi n g your a n d n right to the edifice , at the western e trance d n a n d n - esce d walk a few feet towards orth east . T here is a very i n teresti n g O bject O f visit situated in almost parallel li n e with the remains of the n orthern guard - house O fthe D agaba ; it is the ruins

O f a n n - H T h excelle t Vihara or I mage ouse . e “ characteristic referen ce t o th”is i n Buddhist Records of the Wester n World by Fa - H ian is i n 56 5 7 . reproduced pages , H aving exami n ed the a n cient walls a n d other thi n gs O f the Vihara that was o n ce a buildi n g O f immense value you should r e - e n ter the S a l apa ta l a M n n F a l u wa and walk o n to the eastern e tra ce . rom there you have to drive a few mi n utes u n til you reach the two gran d po n ds n o w k n ow n by the n ame O f K u tta m B ohu n a whose mea n i n g i n S inhalese “

. O n e s pair O f po n ds . (S e e plate XXXIX ) 4 x 1 41 1 0 60 . measures feet , and the other feet Between A b h ay a g i r i and these po n ds there is o n situated the right side , rather close to the D n agaba , a buildi g covered with calicut tiles for the a ccommodatio n of Buddhist mo n ks who visit the P F n s a k a . S hri n es . I t was built by U pa S ines er ando O fP otupitiya i n Kalutara D istrict i n 1 904 o n the land prese n ted for the purpose by M u dal iy a r D . Godage . Whe n you proceed o n a few feet from the pair po n ds you will see a road to the left . It is the “ n n S R a n d conti uatio of the acred oad , is considered to be the a n cien t street alo n g which the royal processio n marched to the S acred C ity . V XLI .

C O N D E M N E D S T O N E S .

1 2 6 T H E B E ST WA Y T O S E E T H E S H R I NE S A ND R U I NS . Whilst driving you will see on the right side four on a n d inscripti slabs on the ground other things . O f these the chief O bject about which everybody A queries is the carved stone placed on pillars . bout w f M r O . w this we quote belo the words Burro s , H e : in 1 885 . says

Whil e c a rryi n g o u t s o m e m il d e xc ava ti o n s o n th e O ut e r ‘ C c a o a d n e a th e s o n e c a n o e i n No e m e a s we h a d ir ul r r r t v b r l t , n t o di u a m a mfi c e n t s o n e n e a t h e o o d o t e t , s a e g f r u g p g rly qu r , a n d e n s o m e o o r fi ve o n s s n a n e e d w ighi g f ur t , with u k p ll n a d e f 1 » A s t h e s o n e h ad a e n n i m o ul di g s to pth o 1 ft . t f ll o ts a c e th e d e c a e n e s o f m o d n o e d to b e a mo s a s e e c f , li t li ul i g pr v l t p rf t s a s o n t h e d a y th e y w e r e c a rve d . A littl e furth e r e a rc h wa s e wa de d t h e d sc o e o f two s m a e s o n e s O f s m a de s n r r by i v ry ll r t i il r ig , c e xa c e d o n to e e s d e o f t h e c e n e e c e a n d whi h tly fitt ith r i tr pi , it wa s th e n e vi d e n t th a t t h e tri o h a d fo rm e d a n O bl o n g c a n o py o v e r s o m e s a e o r e a s o e a o n e . T h e a s e e di s t tu , p rh p v r thr pill r w r c o e e d a t s o m e e d s a n c e o m t h e c a n o a t a d e o f v r littl i t fr py , pth a o o e e b e o th e s a c e a n d d e e e s a s e e s O f b ut f ur f t l w urf , by gr ri O o n s a s e e n e d U e a c e a n a o d e sc o o f bl g l b w r tur p , h b ri g b l fr p e c uli a r de s ig n whi c h r a n a l o n g a n d w e r e k e y e d i n to t h e u ppe r r i m O f t h e c a n o F n a t h e s e o f t h e d n wa s o n d py . i lly , it buil i g f u n T h e s de n c e f t h n h a b o ut t wo fe e t do w . ub s i o e gro u d a d d s ac e d s o m e o f i ts a e m e n s o n e s t h e e n e a s a e a n d i pl p v t t , but g r l h p th e m e a s ure m e n t s l e ft n o do ubt O f i ts i d e n tity . F urther up on the right side there are interesting n r h r F o a t e a . o n ruins high ground rom here drive , a n d turn ing to the left you will see two small ponds n O f o both sides even shape and equal size . I t is probable that these two are the parts of o n e single n pond . O the right side there is seen a big

n - sto e door frame , and you will drive by the side f O f the ruins O a brick building . S ome portion of n n n its a cie t chu am plaster is yet to be found . A n d the n you see o n the left a pon d O f vast n O f dimensio , which , of course , in the days the S n n w a s O f i halese Ki gs , full water supplied from A n n bhaya Wewa . T he comes withi view a small

o n . T rock , the right , which has a cave his cave a n U a s a k a was lately used by p , who was ultimately n disturbed by a certai O fficial . O n the same side of

&c . the road there are beautiful pillars , slabs , LV X .

H A R I S C H A N D R A A P R I S O N E R I N 1 903 .

r m a P ( F o h o t o t a ke n r ec e n tl y t o pub l i s h i n T h e S a c r ed C ity o f

W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I N E 1 2 8 T H E B E S T S A ND R U I NS .

and turn i n g to the north you have to asce n d 230 T h e i n steps . last steps are those shown plate I I . Al l these steps referred to have bee n made n separately a n d laid o the way . T h e most excellent a n d skilful man n er i n which they were arra n ged twe n ty - two ce n turies ago c a n be well r e - called to ’ o n e s mi n d whe n their prese n t co n ditio n is see n a n d

co n sidered . H avi n g gone through this flight of steps you walk

on about 20 paces . N ext you have to asce n d u po n O f 62 steps that are cut out the rock . T he n you 30 1 20 1 8 have to cross steps laid ; steps cut , and

agai n about 85 steps that are laid . At last you e n ter O fM n M S C éti a the top ihi tale , where ahaseya or ela y n is see n o n still a higher grou d . (S e e plate I ts prese n t height is about 65 feet a n d the circum n fere n ce is 3 40 feet . While desce di n g from this D agaba preci n cts walk to your right whe n you will see a pool on the rock a n d also a cave at the western

extremity O f the pO O l . T hen you see A mb asta l a D agaba— (plate T o n S a l a a ta l a M a l u here are forty pillars the p wa . T h e circumference and height O f this D agaba are '

96 a n d 30 feet respectively . You will see a t thi s edifice a sto n e slab laid o n the grou n d protected T with short iron railings . his slab is n amed C h a n dr apa sa n a o n account O f an extraordi n arily bright light it produces at night whe n a can dle is

lit over it . I t is said that there is no other n n i n a n d sto e of this ki d the I sland , that this itself had M bee n brought from H imalaya ou n tai n . S omebody might poi n t out to you a joi n ted up sto n e statue ’ D a n m i and say that it is King e v a p y a T issa s . I t is n T absolutely a misrepresentatio . o the east of this

A r a dh a n a - a l a edifice there is what is called g , a big sto n e o n the rock . I t was this sto n e that S umana S a m a n e r a mounted to recite words O f invitatio n to the gods to assemble to hear the D octri n e in the eveni n g O f the day o n which the most en lightened M aha M ahinda T hera arrived at W A Y T O S E E T H E S H R I N E S A ND R I T H E B E S T U NS . 1 2 9

W O 11 - Amb a sta l a . alk to the north east along the n compound between the two abodes of the mo ks , and turning to the east at the seco n d abode formed partly of a cave you ha v e to desce n d g 1 a du al l y alo n g a stony path a n d at last you will reach what is shown i n T 1 8 M T plate XLI I . his a spot where ahinda hera I S n supposed to h ave rested . I t is extremely i teresting to see eastwardly from this stone seat or bed , which i n n T h is about seven feet le gth . e coveri n g stone over it is n o t a part O f the same O f which the seat P is formed , but is altogether detached . ious Bud dhi t s f O f n a n d s even make o ferings flowers , ince se candles at this sto n e i n the highly revered n ame of f the Founder O Buddhism in Lanka . H aving enjoyed a distant view of hundreds of miles east wa r dly over the jungle which was o n ce a sea O f paddy fields you should return alo n g the same path ’ R Am b t l D to the Pilgrims est at a s a a agaba . T his R 44 x 44 est , whose extent is feet , is to be formally opened in this year A 11 active Upa sa k a by the n ame O f T e n n a k o o n M u diy a n s e l a g e A pp u h a my b uilt this useful hall out of the fu n ds b e raised

s pecially for this work . W T here are two elderly monks living here . eera o k u n e G u n a ratn a U n n a n s e p , who is a native of D n 0 11 Kurunegala istrict , has been livi g this sacred 47 K u m b u kwe w e rock years ; and the other monk , R U n n a n se A D ewata of nuradhapura istrict , estab l i sh e d himself four years later . fi n d I t is pleasant indeed to cocoanut , mango ,

- jack , plantain and other fruit bearing trees well R grown 0 11 the summit O f this lofty rock . ( ead

I . . C . hapter IV . , and see plates , I I , I I I , While descendi n g y o u should try to fi n d out the N a a - ok a h a 1 1 g p , referred to in page , situated on T m a the left side , and a boy in the emple y be n e gaged to take you to this beautiful pond . After

seeing it you have to go down to the high road . I f you wish to see the cave called R ajag i r i l en a — (plate

- - V . o u ) y should engage a man from the Rest house . K W Y T S E T H E B E S T A O E T H E S H R I NE S A N D R U I N S .

O n your way back to the S acred C ity you S hould halt at the northern sluice of N uwara Wewa and see the most wonderful tank formed during the n P a n du k a A n reign of the Ki g bhaya , whose ame is identified w ith the formation of the first Mu n icipal

43 7 - 7 B C 36 C . regulations in eylon , T h e sluices O f N uwara Wewa were r e pal re d and partly renewed by the Governme n t at a cost O f T h e O f R s . height its sluice above mea n sea level is 277 1 8 ; and the le n gth of its bund is 4 H n miles . avi g seen this tank whose area is u acres y o have to return to your resting place .

You have now gone through the three sections . A n d if you feel still i n clined to prolong your stay you may take a drive at a leisure hour along the road to th e a n d railway station , on driving to the left at the o u n O f railway cross y will see rui s , some which are W visible from the carriage . alk on to these sites and

H n fi n - examine them } avi g ished site seeing here T o l u vil a order the driver to take you to , situated within about a mile ’s distance from the bund of “ f N uwara Wewa . T here you w ill see the site o a very extensive building a n d some other rui n s . I f it n pleases you , you may refresh y ourself by taki g a drive over that gra n d bu n d of N u w a r a Wewa and then return to your rest .

Cha er pt XVI .

R E D — A M M R E QU I C O I S S I O N .

E have explained i n detail the o r 1 g 1 n of the S acred C ity O f A n uradhapura and the con ti n u o u s enjoyment O fits rights and p rivileges

by the Buddhist communit ies . T h e reader O f the

book from. the beginni n g to the end is necessarily “ struck with the questio n — VVhy is the Government O f C eylon i n terfering with the religi”ous rights and privileges of the people O f the l and ? By perusing carefully the letter of H i s M ajesty the King of E n gland a n d E mperor of I ndia in pages 80 and 8 1 it. could very well be understood that even H i s

M ajesty has been misled . I n that letter these words occur

F r om i n u i r i es whi ch H i s M a est ha s ma d e i t a ea rs tha t q j y , pp the B u ddhi sts i n C eyl o n a r e o n g o o d terms ”wi th the G o ver n men t a t h e r r a n d th t fea s y ou exp ess a re g r o u n dl ess . From this statement i n the royal epistle it is ’ quite manifest that S i r West Ridgeway s Govern ment have concealed the true state O f things that existed between the Govern ment and the Buddhists with respect to the S a cred C ity . By reading the whole O f C hapter X IV . it will be seen that the C n n eylon Gover ment was , for certai purposes , suppressing the truth . T herefore it is not safe for C n th e the Buddhists of eylo , the great majority of n i n n n populatio the I sla d , to depe d upon the n n decisio s a d settleme n ts initiated by that Governor . I t may be said that the T amil King E l al a who had usurped this holy C ity twe n ty - and - a - half t n n cen uries ago , paid special atte tio to its sanctity ; a n d a n d O f the rights privileges the Buddhists , as n n n far as their religio was co cer ed , were respected h 1 m a n d 11 1 n by s mi istry . K 2 D m A C M I I 3 2 R E QU I R E O M I S S O N .

I n bringi n g this work to an end we implore most H i M E earnestly that s ajesty King dward VI I . be pleased to appoint a special C ommissio n to enquire into the Buddhist grieva n ces co n cern ing the most C O f a n d hallowed ity the Buddhists , give necessary f aid to restore the same to its former state O pu rity . We are prepared to guara n tee that large sums of mo n ey would be readily O ffered by hundreds O f n O f C thousa ds pilgrims who visit this ity annually , if ’ they could feel sure that H i s M ajesty s Governme n t is acting as the custodia n O f their S acred C ity and at the same time helping them to rebuild the same .

WH AT A GO O D I M PRE SSI O N I S M AD E BY T H E E XC E LLE NC E O F FI NE

U S E O U R “ WA T E R M A R K E D P A P E R S

( F A C S I M I L E O F WA T E R M A R K }

— “ and e arn the g oo d o pin io n o fyour frien ds beside s derivin g pleasure

from the mere c on ac o fPe n an d a t t P p er. NOTARIAL FOOLSCAP PAPERS

S ecia i as s ied to the Leadin La ers in C e on are o ur . p l ty , uppl g wy yl

s d s ra ed S a ion er C a a o ue on Sample an Illu t t t t y t l g fl ppl ica l i on .

er n a n 0

Pa er C o n rac o rs to the C e o n G o vernmen an d the C o omb o M n c i a t p t t yl t l u i p li y,

E i hed 1 7 M O . stab s 8 5. 7 6 7 7 B a n k s h a l l S t C O L O B l , , o , E S T A B LI S H E D 1 8 8 2 .

Oriental Book Depot.

PRINTINGWORKS

G r a n t h a p p r a k a s a

P r e s s , 3 0 , D a m S t . , M B O P E T T A H , C O L O .

J . D . F E R N A N D O ,

P rop r i etor

P R I N T E R P U B L I S H E R , , S T A T I O N E R , B O O K S E LL E R ,

A N D T Y P E F O U N D E R .

S t a n d a rd o r s i n P a l S a n sc r t E l u S n h a l o n M e d c n e a n d A st r o l o W k i , i . ( i e se ) B o o ks i i g y ; W o r s i n P r o se a n d P oe t r N o v e l s S e t s o f M e r t l e B o o s L e d e rs o r n a l s k y ; c a n i k g . J u , D a B o o s C a s B o o s L e tt e r P r e s s- c o B o s — i h o re i n a n d L o c a l y k , h k , py o k F g

B i n di n a r e l a s i n s t o c . g , a w y k

Gent emen whose names are not in our n h r re u r men s b V. P P. l books ca obtai n t ei q i e t y .

A T R I A L O R D E R I S S O LI C I T E D .

D F C . D 81 o . . e SI LVA ,

Jewellers a d D l i i t & &c n ea ers n Prec ous S ones, c

b o N o . 7 , C h a t h a m S t r e e t , a n d 2 , G . 0 . H C o l o m , C E Y LO N .

P R I Z E M E D A LS .

M E LBO U R NE I NT E RNA T I O NA L E X H I BI T I O N. 1880 .

- A G R I H O RT I C U LT U RA L SO C I E T C E LO N 1 883 . Y. Y .

C R V E D W R K S a c c c . FO R P R E C I O U S S T O N E S . P E A R LS , E B O N Y , A O .

C O LO NI A L A ND I ND I A N E X H I BI T I O N, 1 886.

A G R I - H O RT I C U LT U RA L SO C I E T 1 887 . Y, D I PLO MA FO O L A L E A R LS C O U RT FO R R G D M E D . .

E WE LLE R LO NDO N 1 896. J Y. . 1 900 R E PU BLI QU E FRA NC A I SE E X PO SI T I O N I NT E R NA T I O NA L, .

P R I ZE M E D A LS O D S LV A N D B R O NZE . Z G L , I E R 904 U . S . A U NI V E RSA L E X PO SI T I O N. SA I NT LO U I S, 1 . olo o II o heo rio L (l mh t a s (lo td.

C O LO M BO .

WH O LE SA LE A ND Dispensing RE T A IL De ar men D RUGG ST S p t t I . DISPE NSING is c onducted by a

H E M ST S N C I A D highly qu alifi ed

G E NE RA L E uro ea ta p n S ff. M PO RT E RS I .

C LO T H ING A ND O UT F T T NG I I , PH O T O G RA PH I C DRA PE RY , E T C DA R K R O O M A ND T O BA C C O A ND A PPA RA T US SMO KE RS ’ PLA C E D A T T H E RE QU S T E S I I , D I SPO SA L O F ST A T O NE RY I . T RA V E LLE RS

BO O KS A ND R FR E E O F C H A G E . PH O T O G RA PH IC MA T E R A LS I .

(PRE M I SE S fl D/O I N T H E

G RA ND O RI E NT A L H O T E L

FO RT O , C LO M BO .

” F I N A W O R D T O Y O U R B E N E T .

YOU GET VALUE FOR YOUR MONEY BY DEALING WITH

T H E C E L E B R A T E D A N D C H E A P E S T H O U S E F O R

H i g h C l a s s S T A T I O N E R Y

A T M O D E R A T E R A T E S .

A F E W LI N E S O F O U R S T O C K .

Pr i n ti n Pa ers i n g p a l l si z es , i l F l sc a s Nota r a oo p , A c c o u n t B k P oo a pe rs ,

H i g h C l as s Note Pa p ers T e a P ac k i n g Pa p e r s , a n d E n ve l op es , De si cc ate d C o c oan u t A t H o m e a n d Pa c k i n g Pa pe r s , I n v it ati o n C a r ds , G rease P o o f Pa e rs r p , P e n c i l s , B o k P r i n i n P o t g a p e rs , Pen h ol d e r s , J o b Gt Ne w s P i n t i n l n k s r g , n i n k s t a n d s Fa cy , Fa n c y I l l u m i n a ti n g La n W or l d Re n ow n e d t e r n s a n d a l l k i n d s of C a e ’s W r i ti n l n k D ec orati ve s rt r g , , A c c ou n t B ook s A m e r i c a n Je w e l l e , ry

A l l k i n d s o f c e l e b r at e d C om p r i s i n g C h ai n s ,

S te e l Pe n s , B r ac e l ets , & c . , & c . , B es t a b s o b e n t B l otti n s r g B e st Pe fu m es 6: S oa s r p , a n d a l m o st a l l O ffi c e ’ S t e a n s W i n e of C o d l i ve r Re q u i s i te s . r O i l , & c .

O U R E X P O P E L ar e an t ti es of v ari ou s i n ds of R T D E A R T M N T . g q u i k C E Y LO N P RO D UC E s c as T e a C o c o a n u t s C a d a m o m s u h , , r ,

C o c o a D e s i c c a e d C oc oa n u t s & C . are s i ed from h s de ar m en , t , , h pp t i p t t to di f er en t E as f for ei g n m ar k ets i n th e West an d t .

O R D E R S for T e a Pl u m b a o C oc o a n u t s an d ot er C e on Prod c e , g , , h yl u a c c o m a n i ed p b y re m i tta n c e s p r o m p t l y e x e c u t e d .

C o n s i n m e n ts r o m l r m i tt d A e n c i a c e t t r e l i a n d e e e s c e d . g p p y a s e d . g p

O F F I C E A N D S H O W R O O M S

N o . 8 4 F o u r t h C r o s s S t r e e t P e t t a h C o l o m b o , ” , , . T el e r a hi c A ddr ess PA P o l m o . d A. B. . . g p E R , C o b C o e used: C 5th Edition D . T . W E E R A R I A S U ,

.

( LAT E o r VE N N a c o . ) A C T I N E E B K E U O R R O R ,

U nde takes at“A u c on SaI es I nven ories V a a ions Pu rchases etc r ti , t , lu t , ,

Ne o a es Loans o n T own Pro er e s at M o derate I n eres g ti t p ti t t.

T R I R H E N O R S O A D A U C T I O N R O O M S ,

it P tta i l wa t ( O pp os e e h R a y Sta i on ) C O LO M B O .

T H E NA C O R O T I O N B A ND .

T h e M o s t P o p u l a r S t r i n g a n d B r a s s B a n d i n t h e I s l a n d .

C o m p o s e d o f a t r o u p e o f th o r o u g h l y e ffi c i e n t G o a n e s e A r ti s t e s

H I G H LY D I ST I NG U I S H E D I N T H E I R PRO FE S S I O N .

O fte n E n ga ge d fo r F u n c ti o n s P a tr o n i z ed b y H i s E xc el l e n c y th e G ov e rn o r a n d L a dy a l l m a l so for fa s i o n a b l e A t H o m es e di n D n n e rs D a n c e o n e rts M c c d s s C c u ; h . W g , i , , .

O e ra s S o rts R ac e s a n d o th e r S o c i al G ath er i n s & . p , p , g , c

- - - H IGH C LASS UP TO DATE MUSIC . BO O K EARLY TO AVO ID O ISAPPO INTMENT.

For T erms A l to pp y D . T . W E E R A S U R I A ,

T h e N o r r i s R o a d A u c t l o n R o o m s , C o l o m b o .

maham tu n q fi f ,

P H O T O G R A P H E R .

N e x t D o o r t o t h e G A L L E FA C E H O T E L .

B E S T A N D M O S T V A R I E D S E L E C T I O N S O F

r e s A nuradhapu a Vi w .

PO RT RA I T S T A KE N I N

n P a r d s o r h r R i c k s h a w s , o o s t C O t e w i s e .

M O D E R A T E T E R M S A N D D E L I V E R E D I N A F E W H O U R S .

Note Addre ss : N e x t D o o r n o t i n G a l l e F a c e H o t e l .

B ook s el l e r

S t a ti o n e r .

3 1 , D A M S T R E E T , C O L O M B O .

S C H O O L B O O K S for JU N I O R C LA S S E S

E NG LI SH . SI NH A LE SE A ND T A M I L .

NHAL E SI ESE GRAMMAR and I ITERATII RE for ADVANGED STUD NTS.

E x e r c i s e B o k s C o a n d D r a w i n B o ok s . o , p y g STAT NER ’ E A KNDS IO Y AND STATIONERS R QUISITES O F l l. I .

P R I C E S M O D E R A T E .

B E O O K B I N D I NG A N D P R I N T I N G U N D E R T A K N .

K . D . P E E r t C ol om b o . R R A , 3 1 , D a m S t e e ,

NO T I C E .

H aving received information that some individuals have sold i n the West certain precious stones and ot her things said to have been found in Anuradhapura or in any other part of the district by this name , th”e author of T h e S acred C ity of Anuradhapura will be highly than kful to any lady or gentleman who would kindly furnish him with parti

c u l a r s n O respecti g the seller , bjects of sale ,

&c . buyer , D. H . ABDOOL CAFFOOR

NO S . 9 a 1 0 , BRI ST O L H O T E L

C o l o m b o , C E Y L O N

- L T L I S E H I B I T I 1 3 4 . G O D M E D A L S . O U X O N 9 0

T H E LA RG E ST C O LLE C T IO N O F A NT I QUE JE W E LLE RY

I N PU U S T E A R D RE GO LD , WIT H E XQ I I C VE WO RK SE T W T H RA RE , I C E Y LO N GE M S

A LSO JE WE LLE RY I N PLA IN GO LD .

Wo r th y of i n sp e c ti o n by th o s e i n te r e s te d

1 4 D AY USE RE T URN T O D E SK FRO M WH I C H BO RRO WE D

LO A N DE PT .

T h i s b ook i s du e o n th e l a a e am l st d t st p ed be ow, or

o n th e date to which ren ewed .

R en ewed books are su b ject to i mmedi ate recal l .