Environmental Protection Agency § 60.4248
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An Aged Reaction Revisited
TETRAHEDRON Pergamon Tetrahedron 56 (2000) 9705±9711 2-Alkyl-4,6-dialkylamino-1,3,5-triazines via Grignard Alkylation of Cyanuric Chloride: An Aged Reaction Revisited Rita Menicagli,* Simona Samaritani and Valeria Zucchelli Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and Centro di Studi del CNR per le Macromolecole Stereordinate ed Otticamente Attive, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy Received 24 July 2000; revised 8 September 2000; accepted 28 September 2000 AbstractÐSuitable one-pot reaction conditions are suggested to prepare, in good overall yields, some 2-(alk-1 0-ynyl)- and 2-alkyl-4,6- dialkylamino-1,3,5-triazines via reaction of cyanuric chloride with Grignard reagents followed by amination. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. In our studies1 concerning the protection of paper against The reaction between a benzene (CAUTION) solution of 1 pathogenic fungi, we found that 2-(alk-1 0-ynyl)-4,6- and a THF solution of alk-1 0-ynylmagnesium halides has dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazines showed an appreciable biostatic been reported to afford 2-(alk-1 0-ynyl)-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5- activity.2 Taking into account that alkylamino derivatives of triazines in 50±60% yield.6a Since the puri®cation of these 1,3,5-triazine are generally better biostatic agents than intermediates might have caused an appreciable loss of the alkoxy derivatives,1 preparation of 2-(alk-1 0-ynyl)-4,6- product owing to the well known8 reactivity of the C±Cl dialkylamino-1,3,5-triazines was necessary in order to bonds and the treatment of the crude products with nucleo- compare their antifungal activities with those of 2-(alk-1 0- philes would have lead to complex mixtures of compounds, ynyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazines. -
One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by Preyssler-Type Heteropoly Acid
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2011, 8(2), 547-552 One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by Preyssler-Type Heteropoly Acid ALI JAVID §*, MAJID M. HERAVI #, F. F. BAMOHARRAM and MOHSEN NIKPOUR § §Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz 6134968875, Iran #Department of Chemistry Azzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran [email protected] Received 27 June 2010; Accepted 2 September 2010 Abstract: A simple one-pot four-component synthetic method was reported for the preparation of tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives from benzil, aromatic aldehydes, primary amines and ammonium acetate in the presence of Preyssler-type heteropoly acid catalyst . This method was proved to be eco- benign, easy work-up, convenient, relatively short reaction times and the products were isolated with high yields. Keywords: Multi-component reactions (MCRs), One-pot synthesis, tetrasubstituted imidazoles, Preyssler catalyst, Heteropoly acid (HPA) Introduction Imidazole, at first, has been prepared by debus 1 in 1858. Over the century, imidazole derivatives have received significant attention due to their synthesis, reactions and biochemical properties. The imidazoles are one of the most important substructures found in a large number of natural products and pharmacologically active compounds. For example, histidine, histamine and biotin, an active component in several drug molecules 2, anti-allergic activity 3, hypnotic agent etomidate 4, proton pump inhibitor omeprazole 5 and the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil 6 are imidazole derivatives. Recent advances in green chemistry and organometallic catalysis has extended the application of imidazoles as ionic liquids 7 and N-heterocyclic carbenes 8. -
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
02/06/2019 12:05 PM Appendix 3745-21-09 Appendix A
ACTION: Final EXISTING DATE: 02/06/2019 12:05 PM Appendix 3745-21-09 Appendix A List of Organic Chemicals for which Paragraphs (DD) and (EE) of Rule 3745-21-09 of the Administrative Code are Applicable Organic Chemical Organic Chemical Acetal Benzaldehyde Acetaldehyde Benzamide Acetaldol Benzene Acetamide Benzenedisulfonic acid Acetanilide Benzenesulfonic acid Acetic acid Benzil Acetic Anhydride Benzilic acid Acetone Benzoic acid Acetone cyanohydrin Benzoin Acetonitrile Benzonitrile Acetophenone Benzophenone Acetyl chloride Benzotrichloride Acetylene Benzoyl chloride Acrolein Benzyl alcohol Acrylamide Benzylamine Acrylic acid Benzyl benzoate Acrylonitrile Benzyl chloride Adipic acid Benzyl dichloride Adiponitrile Biphenyl Alkyl naphthalenes Bisphenol A Allyl alcohol Bromobenzene Allyl chloride Bromonaphthalene Aminobenzoic acid Butadiene Aminoethylethanolamine 1-butene p-aminophenol n-butyl acetate Amyl acetates n-butyl acrylate Amyl alcohols n-butyl alcohol Amyl amine s-butyl alcohol Amyl chloride t-butyl alcohol Amyl mercaptans n-butylamine Amyl phenol s-butylamine Aniline t-butylamine Aniline hydrochloride p-tertbutyl benzoic acid Anisidine 1,3-butylene glycol Anisole n-butyraldehyde Anthranilic acid Butyric acid Anthraquinone Butyric anhydride Butyronitrile Caprolactam APPENDIX p(183930) pa(324943) d: (715700) ra(553210) print date: 02/06/2019 12:05 PM 3745-21-09, Appendix A 2 Carbon disulfide Cyclohexene Carbon tetrabromide Cyclohexylamine Carbon tetrachloride Cyclooctadiene Cellulose acetate Decanol Chloroacetic acid Diacetone alcohol -
Agrimer™ Polyvinylpyyrolidone (PVP)
agrimer ™ polyvinylpyyrolidone (PVP) binder, dispersant rheology, modifier, film former, complexing agent Agrimer™ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) this brochure is divided into two main segments suggested applications General properties and uses 2-10 ¢ complexing agent Agricultural case studies 10 ¢ stabilizers / co-dispersants These case studies highlight the uses of Agrimer™ ¢ binders in dry / wet granulation and extrusion (dry compaction / fluidized-bed spray drying process) polymers in seed coatings, granule and tablet binders and as dispersants. ¢ film-forming agents / binders in seed coatings, dips and pour-ons general properties and uses ¢ biological stabilization ¢ water binding / anti-transpiration properties Agrimer™ PVP products are linear, non-ionic polymers that are soluble in water and many organic solvents. ¢ solubility enhancers via co-precipitation or They are pH stable, and have adhesive, cohesive thermal extrusion and binding properties. The unique ability to adsorb ¢ dye-binding agent on a host of active ingredients makes Agrimer™ PVP regulatory status homopolymers preferred co-dispersants in many The Agrimer™ PVP products listed in this brochure are formulations. Agrimer™ homopolymers have a high exempt from the requirement of a tolerance under glass transition temperature. 40 CFR 180.960. Lower molecular weight (Mw) Agrimer™ polymers (Agrimer™ 15 and Agrimer™ 30) are suitable for physical and chemical properties applications where dusting is a concern, such as The Agrimer™ polymers, a family of homopolymers of seed coatings and agglomeration. Higher Mw polyvinylpyrrolidone, are available in different viscosity Agrimer™ polymers (Agrimer™ 90 and Agrimer™ 120) can grades, ranging from very low to very high molecular build formulation viscosity faster and provide excellent weight. This range, coupled with their solubility in binding and film forming properties. -
Euthanasia of Experimental Animals
EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS • *• • • • • • • *•* EUROPEAN 1COMMISSIO N This document has been prepared for use within the Commission. It does not necessarily represent the Commission's official position. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997 ISBN 92-827-9694-9 © European Communities, 1997 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Belgium European Commission EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Document EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Report prepared for the European Commission by Mrs Bryony Close Dr Keith Banister Dr Vera Baumans Dr Eva-Maria Bernoth Dr Niall Bromage Dr John Bunyan Professor Dr Wolff Erhardt Professor Paul Flecknell Dr Neville Gregory Professor Dr Hansjoachim Hackbarth Professor David Morton Mr Clifford Warwick EUTHANASIA OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS CONTENTS Page Preface 1 Acknowledgements 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Objectives of euthanasia 3 1.2 Definition of terms 3 1.3 Signs of pain and distress 4 1.4 Recognition and confirmation of death 5 1.5 Personnel and training 5 1.6 Handling and restraint 6 1.7 Equipment 6 1.8 Carcass and waste disposal 6 2. General comments on methods of euthanasia 7 2.1 Acceptable methods of euthanasia 7 2.2 Methods acceptable for unconscious animals 15 2.3 Methods that are not acceptable for euthanasia 16 3. Methods of euthanasia for each species group 21 3.1 Fish 21 3.2 Amphibians 27 3.3 Reptiles 31 3.4 Birds 35 3.5 Rodents 41 3.6 Rabbits 47 3.7 Carnivores - dogs, cats, ferrets 53 3.8 Large mammals - pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, horses 57 3.9 Non-human primates 61 3.10 Other animals not commonly used for experiments 62 4. -
RIFM Fragrance Ingredient Safety Assessment, 2-Isopropyl-4- Methylanisole, CAS Registry Number 31574-44-4
Food and Chemical Toxicology 110 (2017) S545eS551 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox Short review RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-isopropyl-4- methylanisole, CAS Registry Number 31574-44-4 * A.M. Api a, , D. Belsito b, D. Botelho a, D. Browne a, M. Bruze c, G.A. Burton Jr. d, J. Buschmann e, M.L. Dagli f, M. Date a, W. Dekant g, C. Deodhar a, M. Francis a, A.D. Fryer h, K. Joshi a,S.LaCavaa, A. Lapczynski a, D.C. Liebler i,D.O’Brien a, R. Parakhia a,A.Patela, T.M. Penning j, G. Ritacco a, J. Romine a, D. Salvito a, T.W. Schultz k, I.G. Sipes l, Y. Thakkar a, E.H. Theophilus a, A.K. Tiethof a, Y. Tokura m, S. Tsang a, J. Wahler a a Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA b Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA c Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo SE-20502, Sweden d School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 58109, USA e Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany f University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo CEP 05508-900, Brazil g University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. -
Cooling Systems
SEBD0518-09 c 2008 Caterpillar Printed in U.S.A. Contents Understanding Cooling Systems . .4 Cleaning of Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreeze Function . 4 Systems . 26 Function of Components. 4 Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreeze Cooling System Temperature . 6 and Supplemental Coolant Additive . 26 Factors That Affect the Cooling System . .8 Water and Supplemental Coolant Additive . .27 Sources of Heat. 8 Cooling Systems with Larger Capacities . 28 Oil Coolers . 8 Adding the Cat SCA to Water at the Aftercoolers. 9 Initial Fill. 28 Transmission, Marine Transmission, or Torque Adding the Cat SCA to Water for Converter Oil Coolers. 9 Maintenance . 28 Retarder Coolers . 10 S•O•S Services Coolant Analysis . .29 Water Cooled Exhaust Manifolds and Water New, Refilled, or Converted Systems. 29 Cooled Turbocharger Shields . 10 Recommended Interval for S•O•S Coolant Hydraulic Oil Coolers. 10 Sampling . 29 Safety Recommendations . .11 S•O•S Coolant Analysis (Level 1) . 29 S•O•S Coolant Analysis (Level 2) . 29 Cooling System Maintenance . .12 Coolant . 12 Caterpillar® Conditioner Elements . .30 Heat Transfer. 12 Functional Effects . .32 Protection Against Freezing of the Coolant . 12 Corrosion Resistance. 12 Pitting and Cavitation-erosion . 33 Scale and Deposits . 12 Rust . 35 Compatibility . 12 Acidity-Alkalinity Imbalance . 36 Non-Foaming . 12 Galvanic and Electrolytic Corrosion. 36 Sediment . 12 Scale and Deposit Formation . 37 Cylinder Wall Pitting . 13 Aeration. 37 Coolant Properties . .14 Coolant-Related Failures . .38 Water . 14 Cracked or Warped Cylinder Heads . 38 Additives . 15 Cylinder Block . 39 Glycol . 15 Piston Seizure . 39 Testing Glycol Concentrations . 16 Cold Operating Temperatures . 40 Coolant Recommendations . .17 Service and Periodic Maintenance . -
PAPERS READ BEFORE the CHEMICAL SOCIETY. XXII1.-On
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue 773 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. XXII1.-On Tetrabromide of Carbon. No. II. By THOMASBOLAS and CHARLESE. GROVES. IN a former paper* we described several methods for the preparation of the hitherto unknown tetrabromide of carbon, and in the present communication we desire to lay before the Society the results of our more recent experiments. In addition to those methods of obtaining the carbon tetrabromide, which we have already published, the fol- lowing are of interest, either from a theoretical point of view, or as affording advantageous means for the preparation of that substance. Action of Bromine on Carbon Disulphide. Our former statement that? bromine had no action on carbon disul- phide requires some modification, as we find that when it is heated to 180" or 200" for several hundred hours with bromine free from both chlorine and iodine, and the contents of the tubes are neutralised and distilled in the usual way, a liquid is obtained, which consists almost entirely of unaltered carbon disulphide ; but when this is allowed to evaporate spontaneously, a small quantity of a crystalline substance is left, which has the appearance and properties of carbon tetrabromide. The length of time required for this reaction, and the very small relative amount of substance obtained, would, however, render this Published on 01 January 1871. Downloaded by Brown University 25/10/2014 10:39:25. quite inapplicable as a process for the preparation of the tetra- bromide. Action of Bromine on Carbon Disdphide in, presence of Certain Bromides. -
Isobutanol in Marine Gasoline
Isobutanol in Marine Gasoline Glenn Johnston July 11, 2017 Bioeconomy 2017 Washington D.C. 1B: Drivers for Emergence of Biofuels for Maritime Industry © 2012 Gevo, Inc. | 1 Gevo’s Current Business System Gevo Production Facilities Core Near Term Markets Isobutanol Production – Side-by-Side with Ethanol Drop-in Markets - Isobutanol Luverne, MN Isobutanol Specialty Chemicals & Solvents Specialty Gasoline Blendstock (Marine/Off-Road) 15 MGPY EtOH 1.5 MGPY IBA* Isobutanol Hydrocarbon Biorefinery Drop-in Markets - Hydrocarbons South Hydrocarbons Hampton Jet Fuel Resources Silsbee, TX Isooctane (gasoline) © 2016 Gevo, Inc. | 2 Isobutanol Properties Gasoline blending value Gasoline Ethanol Isobutanol RON 95 109 105 MON 85 90 91 Anti-knock Index 90 100 98 RVP (psi) 7-15 19 5.2 Density 20C [kg/m3] 720-775 794 801 Boiling Point (C) 32.2 21.1 26.6 % Heating Value of Gasoline 100 66 84 Oxygen (%w/w) <2.7% 34.7 21.6 isobutanol has low RVP, enabling refiners to blend incremental volumes of butanes and pentanes Marine Research Overview Marine Engine Tested – BRP Envinrude and SeaDoo, Mercury, Volvo-Penta, Yamaha, Tohatsu, Indmar, OMC-Johnson, Honda. Marine Biobutanol over 5 years of research -Alternative Fuel Butanol: Preliminary Investigation on Performance and Emissions of a Marine Two-Stroke Direct Fuel Injection Engine -Impact of Blending Gasoline with lsobutanol Compared to Ethanol on Efficiency, Performance and Emissions of a Recreational Marine 4-Stroke Engine -Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Using Isobutanol-Extended Fuel in Recreational Marine -
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE for CYANIDE Date Published
0 010024 ATSDR/TP-88/12 TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CYANIDE Date Published - December 1989 ' Prepared by: Syracuse Research Corporation under Contract No. 68-CS-0004 for Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (A TSDR) U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical editing/document preparation by: Oak Ridge National Laboratory under DOE Interagency Agreement No. 1857-B026-Al DISCLAIMER Mention of company name or product does not constitute endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. FOREWORD The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-499) extended and amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCI.A or Superfund). This public law (also known as SARA) directed the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances which are most commonly found at facilities on the CERCI.A National Priorities List and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The list of the 100 most significant hazardous substances was published in the Federal Register on Ap r il 17, 1987. Section 110 (3) of SARA directs the Administrator of ATSDR to prepare a toxicological profile for each substance on the list. Each profile must include the following content: "(A) An examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicological information and epidemiologic evaluations on a hazardous substance in order to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute , and chronic health effects. -
Stationary Reciprocating Engine Diesel Retrofit Case Studies
CASE STUDIES OF STATIONARY RECIPROCATING DIESEL ENGINE RETROFIT PROJECTS November 2009 Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association 1730 M Street, NW * Suite 206 * Washington, DC 20036 www.meca.org www.dieselretrofit.org Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Stationary Diesel Engine Case Studies...................................................................... 3 2.1 Demonstration of Emission Control Technologies on Diesel-Fueled Backup Generators .................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 The Simultaneous Reduction of NOx, PM, HC and Co from Large Stationary Diesel Engines Using SCR and Particulate Filters ...................................................... 5 2.3 Diesel Retrofit of Emergency Backup Power Engine in Puerto Rico................... 7 2.4 Controlling NOx from Gas Drilling Rig Engines ................................................. 7 2.5 Kings County, CA, Department of Public Works................................................... 7 2.6 National Steel and Shipbulding Company (NASSCO)........................................... 8 2.7 Pacific Bell-SBC Telecommunications Facility..................................................... 9 2.8 Santa Clara County Building Operations.............................................................. 9 2.9 Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, Chico, CA....................................................