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Michael Hart, Inventor of the Ebook, Dies Aged 64 3 Route for Eliciting

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Michael Hart, Inventor of the Ebook, Dies Aged 64 3 Route for Eliciting Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64 3 Route for Eliciting HIV-Neutralizing Antibodies Mapped 4 Smartphone jiggles reveal your private data 7 Hidden Soil Fungus, Now Revealed, Is in a Class All Its Own 9 Face recognition technology fails to find UK rioters 12 Supernovae Parents Found: Clear Signatures of Gas Outflows from Stellar Ancestors 14 Antiproton ring found around Earth 16 Hydrogen-Powered Symbiotic Bacteria Found in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent 18 Did quake or tsunami cause Fukushima meltdown? 20 What Students Don't Know 22 IBM Builds Biggest Data Drive Ever 27 Could New Drug Cure Nearly Any Viral Infection? 29 Peculiar Pair of Galaxies Nicknamed 'The Eyes' 32 Possible Biological Control Discovered for Pathogen Devastating Amphibians 34 First Glimpse Into Birth of the Milky Way 36 New Depiction of Light Could Boost Telecommunications Channels 39 Exotic Galaxy Reveals Tantalizing Tale 41 Earth-Bound Asteroids Come from Stony Asteroids, New Studies Confirm 43 Milky Way's Halo Raining Ionized Gas to Fuel Continued Star Formation 47 Simple Way to Grow Muscle Tissue With Real Muscle Structure 49 Scientists Discover an 'Instant Cosmic Classic' Supernova 51 Pulsar Transformed Into Small Planet Made of Diamond Discovered in Milky Way 54 Interbreeding Gave Healthy Immune System Boost to Human Genome 57 Protein-Making Machinery in Bacteria Successfully Re-Engineered 60 Beams to Order from Table-Top Accelerators 62 Engineers Discover Nanoscale Balancing Act That Mirrors Forces at Work in Systems 65 Gene Study Sheds New Light On Origins of British Men 67 Global Warming May Cause Higher Loss of Biodiversity Than Previously Thought 69 Scientists Identify Point of Entry for Deadly Ebola Virus 71 Discovery of a 160-Million-Year-Old Fossil New Milestone in Mammal Evolution 74 NASA's WISE Mission Discovers Coolest Class of Stars 76 How Many Species On Earth? About 8.7 Million, New Estimate Says 79 Academic publishers make Murdoch look like a socialist 83 Big City Dreams 86 Treatments for Baldness? Scientists Find Stem Cells That Tell Hair It's Time to Grow 90 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila 'XXX' Marks the Spot 82 Up from the Depths: How Bacteria Capture Carbon in the 'Twilight Zone' 94 Chasing Higher One 96 Woolly Rhino Fossil Discovery in Tibet Provides Clues to Evolution of Ice Age Giants 99 New Programs: Pharmacy, Justice, Accountancy 101 Biological 'Computer' Destroys Cancer Cells 102 Academically on Course 105 Giant Jets Spewing from Newborn Stars Revealed in Telescope's Images 108 Education Is in the Streets 110 Glowing, Blinking Bacteria Reveal How Cells Synchronize Biological Clocks 113 The Broccoli of Higher Ed 115 Bizarre Optical Phenomena Defies Laws of Reflection and Refraction 118 Giant Mars crater hints at steamy past 120 NASA's Chandra Finds Nearest Pair of Supermassive Black Holes 122 Quantum computer chips pass key milestones 124 Word Association: Study Matches Brain Scans With Complex Thought 126 Portable ammonia factories could fuel clean cars 130 Humans Shaped Stone Axes 1.8 Million Years Ag 132 Evolutionary theory can make street life better 135 The Star That Should Not Exist 137 New power wave heads out to sea 140 Cutting Soot Emissions: Fastest, Most Economical Way to Slow Global Warming? 143 Anti-dengue mosquitoes released in Australia 145 Tasmanian Tiger's Jaw Was Too Small to Attack Sheep, Study Shows 147 First link between climate patterns and civil conflict 149 Understanding Next-Generation Electronic Devices: Smallest Atomic Displacements Ever 151 Cloud-making: Another human effect on the climate 153 Manipulating Plants' Circadian Clock May Make All-Season Crops Possible 155 Protecting Wild Species May Require Growing More Food On Less Land 157 'Gene Overdose' Causes Extreme Thinness 159 Instant Expert: HIV Today 161 Hibernation molecule boosts therapeutic hypothermia 164 Green Anole Lizard's Genome Sheds Light On Vertebrate Evolution 166 Olympic sculpture is a marvel of mathematics 168 Tiny Oxygen Generators Boost Effectiveness of Anticancer Treatment 170 Photons made to change colour and shape 172 Research Sheds Light On How Animal Life First Evolved to Colonize Land 174 Solving Mysterious Animal Deaths 176 Panda Poop May Be a Treasure Trove of Microbes for Making Biofuels 181 Teacher Collaboration Gives Schools Better Results 183 How the Brain Stores Information for Short Periods of Time 190 Science Posters Given a New Life Online 192 Tropical Coral Could Be Used to Create Novel Sunscreens for Human Use, Say Scientists 195 Toxicology of the Tiny 197 2 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 169 September 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64 Project Gutenberg began life in 1971 after Hart was given free use of University of Illinois computers guardian.co.uk, Thursday 8 September 2011 13.41 BST Project Gutenberg founder Michael Hart, who created the first ever ebook after deciding on a whim to type the US Declaration of Independence into a computer, has died at home in Urbana, Illinois, aged 64. In 1971, Hart was given extensive computer time by the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois. Not wanting to waste the opportunity, he pondered carefully what to do with his time. "I happened to stop at our local IGA grocery store on the way. "We were just coming up on the American Bicentennial and they put faux parchment historical documents in with the groceries. So, as I fumbled through my backpack for something to eat, I found the US Declaration of Independence and had a lightbulb moment. I thought for a while to see if I could figure out anything I could do with the computer that would be more important than typing in the Declaration of Independence, something that would still be there 100 years later, but couldn't come up with anything, and so Project Gutenberg was born," he said in an interview in 2002. Today, Project Gutenberg is one of the largest collections of free ebooks in the world. "What allowed me to think of this particular use for computers so long before anyone else did is the same thing that allows every other inventor to create their inventions: being at the right place, at the right time, with the right background. As Lermontov said in The Red Shoes: 'Not even the greatest magician in the world can pull a rabbit out of a hat if there isn't already a rabbit in it'," said Hart in 2002. "You have to remember that the internet had just gone transcontinental and this was one of the very first computers on it. "Somehow I had envisioned the net in my mind very much as it would become 30 years later. I envisioned sending the Declaration of Independence to everyone on the net... all 100 of them... which would have crashed the whole thing, but luckily Fred Ranck stopped me, and we just posted a notice in what would later become comp.gen. I think about six out of the 100 users at the time downloaded it." http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/sep/08/michael-hart-inventor-ebook-dies 3 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 169 September 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Route for Eliciting HIV-Neutralizing Antibodies Mapped Top: These images show three antibodies’ HIV-binding segments, which neutralize the virus. The VRC01 and VRC03 antibodies were found in the blood of an HIV-infected North American donor, while the VRC-PG04 antibody was found in the blood of an HIV-infected African donor. Bottom: Superimposing the HIV-binding segments of the three antibodies shows structural differences and similarities. The regions that are similar allow all three antibodies to bind to the same spot on the virus and to neutralize a high percentage of HIV strains from around the world. (Credit: NIAID VRC) ScienceDaily (Aug. 12, 2011) — Researchers have traced in detail how certain powerful HIV neutralizing antibodies evolve, a finding that generates vital clues to guide the design of a preventive HIV vaccine, according to a study appearing in Science Express this week. The discoveries were made by a team led by the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health. "This elegant research brings us another step closer to an HIV vaccine and establishes a potent new technique for evaluating the human immune response to experimental vaccines, not only for HIV, but for pathogens generally," said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. The new findings build on last year's discovery reported by VRC scientists of three HIV antibodies, two of which could stop more than 90 percent of known global HIV strains from infecting human cells in the laboratory. Called VRC01, VRC02 and VRC03, these antibodies were found in blood donated for NIAID studies by an HIV-infected North American known as donor 45. In the new paper, scientists report discovering antibodies similar to VRC01 in the blood of two HIV-infected Africans known as donor 74 and donor 0219. 4 Infoteca’s E-Journal No. 169 September 2011 Sistema de Infotecas Centrales Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila The researchers further discovered that these VRC01-like antibodies all bind to the same spot on HIV in the same way. This suggests that an HIV vaccine should contain a protein replica of this spot, known as the CD4 binding site, to elicit antibodies as powerful as VRC01, according to the researchers. The CD4 binding site is one of the few parts of the continuously mutating virus that stays the same across HIV variants worldwide, and the virus uses this site to attach to the cells it infects.
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