JULIEN C. YONGE, Editor EMMA ROCHELLE PORTER Pensacola Assistant Editor, Jacksonville

Florida Historical Quarterly

Volume 14 Issue 4 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 14, Article 1 Issue 4

1935

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4

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Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1935) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 14 : Iss. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4

Volume XIV April, 1936 Number 4

The QUARTERLY Periodical of

THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

JULIEN C. YONGE, Editor EMMA ROCHELLE PORTER Pensacola Assistant Editor, Jacksonville

CONTENTS The Transfer of Fort San Marcos and East Florida to the United States Rogers W. Young Edmund Kirby Smith’s Boyhood in Florida Joseph B. James Letters of William Cullen Bryant from Florida Charles I. Glicksberg The Panton, Leslie Papers: Letters of William Panton to John Forbes Society Notes Index to vols. VII-XIV, Florida Historical Society Quarterly F. W. Hoskins

Published four times yearly at OFFICE OF PUBLICATION ROSE BUILDING TALLAHASSEE. FLORIDA

SUBSCRIPTION TWO DOLLARS. SINGLE COPIES FIFTY CENTS. (Copyright, 1936, by the Florida Historical Society. Entered as second-class matter November 13, 1933 at the post office at Tallahassee, Florida. under the Act of August 24, 1912.)

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THE TRANSFER OF FORT SAN MARCOS AND EAST FLORIDA TO THE UNITED STATES By ROGERS W. YOUNG

Spanish Florida, comprising the provinces of East and West Florida, was ceded to the United States under the provisions of the “Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits, between the United States of America and His Catholic Majesty,” of February 22, 1819. The treaty was signed in Washington by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, and Louis de Onis, the Spanish Minister to the United States. Ratifications of the treaty were delayed, but on October 24, 1820, Ferdinand VII of Spain affixed his ratification and confirmation, while acceptance on the part of the United States Senate followed on February 19, Three days later, President Monroe approved the treaty, and proclaimed it in force. Article Two, of this 1819 treaty, called for a transfer to the United States of . . . all public lots and squares, vacant lands, public edifices, fortifications, barracks, and other buildings, which are not private property. . . a provision automatically affecting the various public buildings at St. Augustine including naturally its famous old fortress, San Marcos. As the treaty called for an exchange of sovereignty within six

1 American State Papers, Public Lands, V. p. 280. 2 Ibid., pp. 283-284 3 Ibid., pp. 283-284 4 Ibid., pp. 280-281. The name of the old fort was changed in 1825 from San Marcos to Marion.

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months or sooner, during the spring of Col. Robert Butler, Adjutant-General for the Southern Division of the United States, was appointed to act as United Commissioner in the transfer of East Florida. Meanwhile, prior to the ratification and proclamation of the Florida treaty, General Andrew Jackson, whose previous relations with Florida brought few pleasant recollections, was again7 offered the governorship of the new territory, on January 24, by President Monroe; and on February 11, came his reluctant and conditional acceptance. Writing from temporary retirement at his home, the Hermit- age, near Nashville, Jackson pointed out that he was accepting the Florida post, against his own determination, and at the urgent behest of friends; that he would only remain in Florida until the government was organized; but even so, he was certain that a “prejudiced world” would now proclaim withmalicious guestothat the whole Seminole campaign had been “but a struggle for the present appointment!” Jackson’s friend, President Mon- roe, paid little attention to the fiery General’s sensi- tive qualms, for on March 12, 1821, the Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, transmitted to Jack- son three official commissions empowering him to receive possession- of the Provinces of and West Florida in accordance with the 1819 treaty, to act as military governor of the whole “Terri-

5 Ibid, Article VII, pp. 281-282 6 American State Papers, Misc. II, pp. 875-876 7 Monroe to Jackson, January 24, 1821, in Bassett, J. S. (Ed.) : Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, Washington, 1928, III. , , p. 38. Jackson had been offered the position in 1819 but had refused to accept it. 8 Jackson to Monroe, February 11, 1819, Ibid., pp. 38-39 9 Jackson’s campaign to suppress the Florida Seminoles in 1818

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tories” of which possession was to be taken, and to carry the said treaty into complete execution as a commissioner vested with special powers. By April 12, General Jackson was on his way to assume the Florida post. . Col. Robert Butler, meanwhile, was also travel- ing toward St. Augustine, the ancient capital of the province of East Florida, which he reached on May 24, 1821. As several months had already passed since the proclamation of the Florida treaty, Col. .Butler immediately attempted to initiate negotiations for the exchange of sovereignty. Upon his arrival Butler immediately informed the evasive Jose Coppinger, Spanish governor of East Florida, of this fact; talked with the Spanish official on the next day, and on the following day, May 26, ad- dressed him in writing, requesting commencement of negotiations leading to the official transfer of the province. Coppinger replied the same day, that while he personally wished to expedite the negotiations, he had no orders to treat, but would notify the Captain General of Cuba and the Flor- idas of Butler’s arrival and the purpose of his mis- sion. Apparently Spain’s reluctance to part with the Floridas, as evidenced in the negotiations and ratifications of the 1819 treaty, was still being mani- fested. Two weeks of restless waiting for the American Commissioner were to pass before the Spanish 10 Adams to Jackson, March 12, 1821. Ibid., pp. 42-44 11 Jackson to Coffee, April 11, 1821. Ibid., p. 48 12 Col. Butler to Jose Coppinger, Spanish governor of East Flor- ida, May 26, 1821. American State Papers, Misc. II, pp. 875-876 13 Col. Butler to Jose Coppinger, May 26, 1821. American State Papers, Mis. II, pp. 875-876 14 Coppinger to Butler, May 28, 1821. Ibid., p. 876

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Governor again opened communication. On June 8, 1821, Governor Coppinger notified Col. Butler that the orders to open negotiations and to effect the transfer had arrived on the previous day from Cuba. Aroused from the tedium of waiting, Butler replied on the same day, formally opening the negotiations from a general standpoint. The American Commissioner pointed out that in opening the subject “generally” he desired a statement of the number of Spanish troops, and military and civil officers, whom the United States were to transport to Havana. The disposition of Governor Coppinger was also requested in regard to the handling of the various items in Article II of the treaty; the public lots and squares, the fortifications with their appendant defences, the barracks and other buildings not private property, and the archives. In a polite note on June 11, 1821, Cop- pinger remitted the lists of officials and troops to be transported, referred in a vague manner to the way his official instructions affected the various items under discussion, and particularly minimized the disposition of the artillery and ordnance stores in the forfications. Apparently Col. Butler was greatly surprised at the studied ambiguity of the reply, particularly as it applied to the disposition of the “fortifications, with their appendant defences.” Two days later, Butler made an explicit answer to the Spanish governor, stating:

15 Coppinger to Butler, June 8, 1821. Ibid., p. 876 16 Butler to Coppinger, June 8, 1821, Ibid. 17 Coppinger to Butler, June 11, 1821. American State Papers, Misc. II, pp. 877-878 18 There were two “fortifications” in East Florida in 1821, Forts San Marcos and Matanzas. 19 The Florida officials had previous instructions to claim the cannon in the fortifications, though their disposition was not specifically referred to in the treaty. See, Adams to Jackson, March 23, 1821, in Bassett, op. cit. pp. 44-45

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It now becomes necessary to notice particularly that part of your excellency’s note which relates to ordnance, military stores, etc; and I regret that part of my note of the 8th seems not to have been understood wherein I made the expression ‘fortifications, with their appendant defences;' which was intended to convey distinctly to you that my Government considered the artillery in the fortifications appendant, and of right belonging to them, and em- braced in the meaning and intention of the cession, and, therefore, to be left with them. I had fondly hoped that the same construction would have been given by our respective Governments to the treaty; but, from the tenor of your letter. . .it would appear that your instructions have rendered their removal necessary.

Butler’s declaration of June 13 was to launch an extended and nearly ineffectual argument between Governor Coppinger and himself over the final disposition of the cannon in Forts San Marcos and Matanzas. The controversy assumes a sophistical aspect when it is seen that both commissioners claimed to have instructions to secure the cannon, and, secretly hoping the other would give in, ex- changed long argumentative epistles in which each seriously tried to convince the other, either by theory or veiled threats, that the phrase “fortifications, with their appendant defences,” as a matter of definition, did or did not include cannon, ordnance stores, etc.

20 Butler to Coppinger, June 13, 1821. American State Papers, Misc. II, pp. 878-879

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On June 14, Governor Coppinger definitely informed Col. Butler that the Spanish government did not comprehend the artillery, ordnance stores, etc., in the meaning of the word “fortifications,” thus requiring their removal at the cession. In , his extended letter he attempted to convince Col. Butler that such items should not be so construed by the United States. Such an attitude on the part of the Spanish governor aroused the ire of the American Commissioner who, next day, protested vigorously against the Governor’s claim, even ex- hibiting disbelief in Coppinger’s authority to claim the cannon. Also, to force the issue, for the first time Butler utilized a measure provided in the secret American instructions and only to be used as a last resort in order to coerce the Spanish officials. He threatened with unmistakable clearness, to withhold transportation for ammunition, ordnance supplies, etc., and provisions for the Spanish troops and officials during their transportation to Cuba, if the Spanish governor persisted in his claim to the cannon at the forts. Whether in fear, compliant disgust, or desire to end further argument, it is hard to determine, but on June 16, 1821, Governor Coppinger, as he says, in order to save time in arguing over what should be comprehend-

21 Coppinger to Butler, June 14, 1821. American State Papers, Misc., II, p. 879 22 Butler to Coppinger, June 15, 1821. Ibid., pp. 879-880 23 Butler, who had received through the American representative in Cuba, the general instructions of the Captain-General of Cuba and the Floridas to Coppinger, stated they required no removal of cannon. 24 Adams to Jackson, March 23, 1821, in Bassett, op. cit., pp. 44-45. The correctness of the U. S. attitude in demanding the cannon is perhaps technically doubtful; but it was the view of Pres. Monroe to claim them. 25 Coppinger to Butler, June 16, 1821. American State Papers, Misc., II, p. 880. Coppinger also agreed to leave a moderate amount of ammunition.

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ed in the word “fortifications,” and contrary to certain Royal instructions, 26 proposed that the cannon mounted at present on the bat- teries of Fort St. Mark’s [San Marcos] and Matanzas, (the only permanent fortifications that exist in the province,) remain as they actually are, until our respective Govts. make the explanation and agreement they may think proper; but you will provide the transports for the residue of the artillery, a larger number not being necessary for their defense in the change of Governments. . . With rising annoyance over Coppinger's in- sistence that the United States transport certain of the artillery to Cuba, an undertaking not stipulated by the treaty, 27 Col. Butler, two days later, informed Coppinger that he could not accept the Governor’s proposition of the 16th, but instead proposed a new agreement. Butler’s new proposition of June 18, reiterated the request that all of the artillery as mounted on Forts San Marcos and Matanzas, with moderate amount of ammunition and implements be allowed to remain; called for the transportation by Spain of the residue of balls, bombs and grape shot. That the American commissioner was keenly chafing under the delay is shown in his further statements in the same communication, when he called attention to the fact that the United States was at that date prepared with 26 Ibid. Coppinger claimed that the secret Royal Schedule of the previous October called for the removal of all effects, but this attitude contravened the treaty, which called for the leaving of certain items, such as the archives, etc. 27 American State Papers, Public Lands, V, p. 282. Article VII of the Florida treaty calls only for transportation of “officers and troops.” 28 Butler to Coppinger, June 18, 1821. American State Papers, Misc., II, p. 881

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escort, transport, provisions and water to accom- modate the Spanish officials and troops to Havana, and was then ready to enter final arrangements for the reception of the province. His letter also pointed out that the United States troops had arrived and were “lying off this city”, while “accumulat- ing expense” was “daily arising”. Butler closed his proposal with the urgent plea for a “final decision on the subject of the artillery at as early an hour as possible”. Coppinger, who was either conveniently or naturally 29 vague minded, sent his answer next day. This superficial epistle, replete with circumlocu- tions, still confused the items that Butler proposed to transport, whether it be simple ammumtion and stores; or cannon, balls, bombs, and grape shot, and closed by hoping that Butler would accept his (Coppinger’s) wish that the artillery, balls, bombs, etc., not to be left, would be’ transported. by the United States with the troops. Undoubtedly, But- ler now really exasperated by Coppinger’s lack of persipcuity, but, evidently resolved to make one more attempt to explain his stand on the question of transportation, even though the Governor appeared hopeless of comprehension, replied on June 20. This time, the Colonel wrote a very brief letter, framed it with the simplest of words, and adopted a condescending tone of explanation, apparently in the hope that the American’ position on the sub- 29 See ibid., p. 894. Coppinger’s subsequent actions in relation to other items covered in the scope of the cession, especially the archives, showed his real mendacious nature, and either of the above words would well characterize him. 30 The Spanish Governor was still confusing the issue, when only two days before, in Butler’s letter- of June 18, it is clearly stated that the United States would transport ammunition and stores only. 31 Butler to Coppinger, June 20, 1821. American State Papers, Misc., II, p. 882

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239 jects of transportation and the artillery and ordnance stores would finally be definitely clarified. Realizing that he might assuage the Spaniard’s reluctance to a relinquishment of claim to the artillery, by making a show of compromise, Butler patiently explained that although Coppinger still failed to comprehend the American transportation proposition, the United States was prepared to ac- cede in part to the Governor’s proposal of June 16, if there was to remain the artillery (with their implements complete, and reasonable proportion of fixed ammunition) as mounted on St. Mark’s and Matanzas. . .32 To be doubly certain that cannon in battery were to be left, the Colonel itemized the armament to remain at Fort St. Mark’s, as consisting of ten, 24 pounders, eleven 16 pounders, iron cannon; one, 11 inch, and one, 7 inch, brass mortars; and. two, 7 inch, brass howitzers. In closing his proposal of acceptance, the Colonel, to make the compromise still more favorable to the United States, stipulated that the United States would furnish only a naval convoy for the transportation of the cannon to be removed, such transporting to be done by Spain. Undoubtedly much to the relief of the despairing Butler, Governor Coppinger, on the next day, hail- ed with satisfaction the fact “that a final and friendly termination is placed on the business” of artillery, ammunition, etc. Coppinger effusively continued in the same letter that on the next day, June 22, he would begin the embarcation, on his own part, of the cannon, balls, bombs, and grape

32 Ibid. 33 Fort Matanzas then mounted only two, 8 pounders, iron cannon. 34 Coppinger to Butler, June 21, 1821. American State Papers, II, p. 882

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shot, not comprehended to remain in East Florida. In closing he extended his thanks to the United States, for its permission allowing the Spanish chartered ships, carrying the above articles, to ac- company the American ships transporting the Spanish troops and officers which were to sail under convoy in the near future. So ended the most ag- gravating and dilatory of the controversies during the cession negotiations in East Florida. On June 22, Butler informer Coppinger that the American government had two ships, the Ship Meteor and the Sloop Endeavor waiting to transport the Spanish troops, civil and military officers, and their families. In thanking Col. Butler for the A- merican transportation arrangements, on June 23, Governor Coppinger informed the United States Commissioner that the Spanish government had chartered three American schooners to transport the cannon, balls, bombs, etc., which Spain was being allowed to remove, and that they would soon be ready for convoy. Apparently cheered though somewhat taken aback by Coppinger’s unprecedented initiative, Col. But- ler waited a few days and then on June 27, boldly came forward and asked for a definite termination of further vacillation, by requesting the Governor to set a day for the delivery of the province. Per- haps the Colonel’s recuperation from the dilatori- ness of the “artillery controversy” had been too rapid, or the elapsed time had erased from his mind his recent encounters with Coppinger’s circumlocu- tions, or perhaps the Colonel had not even at this late date fully comprehended the leisurely Spanish

35 Butler to Coppinger, June 22, 1821. Ibid., pp. 883-884 36 Coppinger to Butler, June 23, 1821. Ibid., pp. 884-885 37 Butler to Coppinger, June 27, 1821. Ibid., p. 885

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character, for his approach was definitely too hasty, its very effrontery thrusting Coppinger protectively “back into another episode of procrastination. For another two weeks, while St. Augustine sweltered, while the American troops were restlessly enduring their ships at anchor off the harbor, while expenses mounted daily, the Spanish governor refused to set a day for, the ceremony of delivery. Finally, the American commissioner was able to arouse Cop- pinger and have him approve, on July 6, 1821, an official “memorandum” as to the details of the actual ceremony for the occupancy of Fort San Marcos by the American troops on the proposed but still undetermined day of delivery.

The end of the cession negotiations and Col. But- ler’s trials was near however. Two days later, now fully aroused from his seeming lethargy, Cop- pinger formally notified the American Commission- er that as Spanish Governor of East Florida he was ready for the exchange of flags on the “10th instant", “and that his troops, with the exception of guards at the forts, parade and magazine, would em- bark on July 9. On July 6, the official commissioners for the respective governments of the United States and Spain, Colonel Robert Butler and Don

38 This time Coppinger delayed proceedings through numerous communications in which he presented superficial objections to the American provision and transportation arrangements. Butler was finally able to allay his fears through unim- portant concessions. See American State Papers, Misc., II, pp. 885-889 39 American State Papers, Misc., II, p. 889 40 Coppinger to Butler, July 8, 1821. Ibid., Note that the American Commissioner had been ready as early as June 18 but was kept waiting until this late date.

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Jose Coppinger had signed a Memorandum of the manner of occupying the Fortress of St. Marks, at St. Augustine. St. Augustine, July 6, The Spanish troops (excepting the de- tachment left in the fort) to be embarked on Monday, the 9th instant, ready to cross the bar on the following day. There will be a salute fired by the fort on Tuesday morning, on hoisting the Span- ish flag. During the disembarcation of the American troops, the flag of the United States will be hoisted along with the Span- ish flag, when the fort will again fire a salute. The American officer who delivers the flag to remain in the fort until its delivery. When the American troops are formed near the fort the Spanish flag will be withdrawn under a salute; the guards will then be relieved, and the troops of Spain will march out, and, on passing the former, they will mutually salute; when the American troops will be marched into and occupy fortress. Robert Butler, United States Commissioner. Approved : Jose Coppinger. As the ceremony was planned so it was executed on Tuesday, July 10, 1821. And with the signing on the same- day of the formal “Act of Cession,” or document of delivery, by Colonel Butler, and Gov- ernor. Coppinger the final ceremony of the delivery of the province, under the Florida treaty of 1819,

41 American State Papers, Misc., II, p. 889 42 Fla. Hist. Soc. Quarterly, VI. pp. 40, 41 is reproduced in facsimile Gov. Coppinger’s proclamation to the inhabitants of East Florida, July 7, 1821. 43 Ibid., p. 890.

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was consummated, and East Florida, and its famous old fortress San Marcos, passed forever from the hands of Spain. Seven days later the whole territory had passed under the sovereignty of the United States with the delivery, on July 17, of West Florida to Governor Andrew Jackson, at Pensacola. 44 House Document, No. 1, 17 Cong. l Sess., pp. 67, 68-70

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EDMUND KIRBY IN FLORIDA By JOSEPH B. JAMES Edmund Kirby Smith, who became one of the few full generals of the Confederate Army during the War Between the States, was born in St. Augus- tine, May 16, 1824. He was the second of Judge Joseph Lee Smith, who had left Connecticut in 1823 to become one of the two judges of the Su- perior Court of the Territory of Florida. Presi- dent Monroe had appointed Judge Smith to that post in the new territorial government that was then being set up by the United States after the acquisi- tion of Florida from Spain in 1821. St. Augustine, then the principal city in East Florida, was the point to which Judge Smith came in 1823 to select a home and prepare for the removal of his family from Litchfield, Connecticut. He was a graduate of Yale in the class of 1796 and had studied law under the direction of Judge Tap- ping Beeves in Litchfield.3 This training, curiously enough, parallels that of the great state-rights lead- er, John C. Calhoun, who was graduated from Yale in 1804 and studied for eighteen months in the law school at Litchfield. Since Joseph Smith was carrying on his legal practice in that locality while the South Carolinian was studying law, it is very likely that they knew each other, at least to some slight degree.

1 Dwight, M. E., The Kirbys of New England, p. 183; memorial tablet in All Saints Chapel, University of the South, Se- wanee, Tenn. ; monument in Sewanee Cemetery. 2 Dwight, op. cit., p. 176; Soldiers of Florida in the Seminole In- dians, Civil, Spanish-American Wars, p. 323 3 Dwight, op. cit., p. 176 4 Van Holst, H., John C. Calhoun, p. 9

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The outbreak of the War of 1812 had cut short the legal career of Joseph Lee Smith. He was com- missioned major in the 25th U. S. Infantry and served throughout the struggle. After hostilities ceased he continued in the military service. In 1821, when he retired permanently from army life, he was colonel of the 3rd Infantry. Besides his father, other ancestors of Edmund Kirby Smith were active in military affairs and achieved some distinction as soldiers. His paternal grandfather, Elnathan Smith, took part in the French and Indian War and served as a major in the commissary department during the Revolution. Ephraim Kirby, his maternal grandfather, volun- teered early in the struggle for American independence. Me fought in. the engagements around Boston and followed Washington in the New Jersey and Pennsylvania campaigns of 1777. This ancestor of General Kirby Smith later became known as an ar- dent supporter of Thomas Jefferson despite the fact that he lived in Connecticut, the hotbed of Jef- fersonian opposition. When Judge Smith came to St. Augustine in 1823, the territory of Florida, and even the town itself; was very unlike the more populous and industrially developed state of Connecticut. The mail arrived weekly but communication with points in the North was irregular and not at all dependable. Illustrative of the isolated locality to which Judge Smith came to assume his legal duties is the fact that; a letter

5 Dwight, op. cit., p. 176. For a contemporaneous portrayal see, Autobiography of Thomas Douglas, Late Judge of the Su- preme Court of Florida. (New York, 1856) pp. 68, 70-74. 6 Dwight, op. cit., p. 178 7 Ibid., p. 174

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written by him to his wife in Litchfield on February 25, was not received until March 18. After the exchange of flags in St. Augustine, July 10, 1821, the Spanish inhabitants of the old city generally remained. Although people from other states settled there, this Latin element continued to lend much to the picturesqueness of the place. To Judge Smith, St. Augustine seemed full of gaiety and its social life impressed him as being more extensive than that to which he and his family had . been accustomed in Litchfield. He wrote his wife, who soon would follow him to St. Augustine, that the society there was “heterogeneous, transitory and collected from all parts of the world, some with polished intellect and more with neither intellect nor polish.’’ The fiestas of the Spanish people formed a large part of the town’s social activity. Among these, the carnival fiesta which was celebrated before Lent especially interested the newly-appointed judge of the Superior Court. In St. Augustine, as in every town with a large Spanish element, the Catholic Church occupied a place of importance. In a letter to his wife, Judge Smith wrote: “We have a Catholic Church but el padre is lately off with a cancer on his tongue." The Smith family were not Catholics, but as Epis- copalians they appear to have been rather tolerant toward the Roman Church. One of the older houses of St. Augustine, a part of the Segu estate, was selected by Judge Smith

8 Judge J. L. Smith to his wife, Feb. 25, 1823 9 Fairbanks, G. R., “St. Augustine, the Oldest Town in the United States,” Historic Towns of the Southern States, p. 578 10 Judge J. L. Smith to his wife, Feb. 25, 1823 11 Judge J. L. Smith to his wife, Feb. 25, 1823 12 Interview with Dr. J. L. Kirby-Smith, July 22, 1934

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for his future home. Here he brought his family which at that time consisted of his wife, nee Frances Kirby, and three children. The oldest child, Eph- raim, was a cadet at West Point. Frances, a girl in her teens, and Josephine, who was five, accompanied their mother on the long journey to the Flor- ida frontier. A second son, the subject of this narrative, was born the following year. Edmund Kirby Smith passed the first twelve years of his life in St. Augustine. This time-worn city, although full of the memories of a European settlement more than two centuries old, was still a frontier town. Indians continued to make up a large part of the population of the Florida territory. Old Fort San Marcos, now known as Fort Marion, housed a garrison of troops at all times and lent a military atmosphere to the town. The view of that grim old fortress and an acquaintance with at least some of the officers and men stationed there were among the influences under which young Edmund grew. Judge Smith, having retired after nine years service in the army, only three years before his second son’s birth, doubtless had friends on garrison duty at Fort Marion. It is but natural that in a frontier town, men with much in common should as- sociate a great deal with one another. It is thus likely that Edmund came at an early age under the influence of military men. Added to other forces that seemed always drawing him toward an army life was his brother’s example. At the time of Ed- mund’s birth, this brother was a cadet at West

13 Bills for rent and communications relative to the purchase of the house by Judge Smith signed by administrators of the Segui estate. 14 Dwight, op. cit., p. 176

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Point where he was graduated in 1826. As an officer in the army during his younger brother’s boyhood, Ephraim was constantly exerting an influence toward a soldier’s career. Edmund Smith seems to have lived the well rounded life of the usual healthy, wide-awake boy. He rode his horse, Rocket, about the town and ad- jacent country, gaining an early training in horse- manship that added much to his later ability to en- dure and even enjoy the rigorous riding that was to be demanded of him as an army officer on the Texas frontier. On his excursions into the nearby country, he sometimes picked wild berries. On other occasions he participated with boyish enthusiasm in scheming enterprises to obtain watermelons and oranges from the fields and groves of the neighborhood without the owners’ permission. Like most boys, he thoroughly enjoyed the privilege of going barefoot. We have record of Edmund’s returning home one day after a swim in the ocean, forgetting the shoes that he had worn before entering the water. Obviously wearing shoes had not become a habit to him at that time. Certainly the youthful Edmund was a normal boy in most of his interests. He seems to have had the usual boyish enthusiasm for military trappings and guns. It was in a very evident tone of disappoint- ment that he wrote in the summer of 1835 when he was eleven: “We had a miserable fourth of july and there were no guns fired except Capt. South- wick’s [;] the militia and the barracks soldiers did not nor fire the large guns."

15 Cullum, G. W., Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, p. 138 16 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, June (July) 25, 1835 17 Ibid., March 1, 1849 18 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, June (July) 25, 185 19 Ibid.

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During these early years of boyish pleasures, Ed- mund was subject to another influence which was to mean a great deal to the mature man. Although somewhat irregular in attendance, he was a pupil in Sunday School. For a time he was a member of a class taught by a Mr. Dice. The church which he probably attended was the Trinity Episcopal Church the construction of which was begun in 1827. 21 Judge Smith was a well educated man for the time in which he lived, when college training was the privilege of very few and was out of the question for the majority of men. There is no way of determ- ining what books nor how many made up the Smith family library in St. Augustine. However, we can say with a great degree of certainty that in- cluded in this collection were certain volumes now in the possession of General Kirby Smith’s children and bearing on their flyleaves either Joseph Lee Smith’s or Ephraim Kirby’s signature. Among these works are Cornelius Nepos’ Lives of Excellent Commanders, Rev. William Beloe’s History of Herodotus, Public Characters 1801-2 and The Works of Lady Montagu. To this collection we may add the Bible which undoubtedly was one of the greatest literary influences in the life of General Kirby Smith. It is not likely that a man of ordi- nary means living in an isolated territory would own a large library. It is safe to say, however, that what few books there were in Judge Smith’s home in all probability were read more than once. Al- though hardly suited to the interests of a pre- adolescent boy, the above-mentioned works were

21 Fairbanks, op. cit., p. 580

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probably read by Edmund because of the scarcity of reading material. In those days, private instruction was customary in the South. Like so many other boys, Edmund studied and recited his lessons under the direction of a member of the family. Frances, his older sister, was his teacher. Judging from his later record as a student, both in preparatory school and at West Point, we can say that his early training must have been of good quality. The old Segui place, which had become the Smith home, seems to have been a very comfortable residence in spite of occasional difficulties a leaky roof. .23 A “magnificent multiflora” shaded the back balcony. In this delightful retreat, some of the meals were served. Many years later, General Kirby Smith’s mother fondly recalled a breakfast on that balcony when Josiah Tatnall had been the guest of honor. This distinguished naval officer had taken young Edmund on his knee that morning and called him “a handsome lad.“ Edmund liked to climb an old fig tree located near the house and from a vantage point high in its branches enjoy himself immensely not only by eat- ing the fruit but by “stoning old Gould’s chickens til the Deacon wished his Devils had the little imp of Satan.” This tree, the yard in which it grew, and the old home itself were scenes of many happy experiences and were so indelibly impressed upon the

22 Mrs. L. B. Webster to Edmund K. Smith, May 24, 1844 23 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, March 1, 1849 24 Mrs. F. K. Smith to Edmund K. Smith, Dec. 2, 1861 25 Elias B. Gould (?). County judge, mayor, member Leg. Council. Estab. Florida Herald (St. Augustine) 1822; hence probably the allusion to printer’s devils.

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youthful mind that they were always the center of many treasured memories. At the age of eleven, Edmund felt for the first time the sorrow that a death in one’s immediate family brings. In November, 1835, his sister Jose- phine died in Brownsville, New York where she and her mother were visiting. The boy was very fond of Josephine, who was six years his senior, and must have felt his loss deeply. At about this time there occurred the first of the Indian massacres that introduced the long, drawn- out encounter known as the Seminole War. Not long after these first terrors and before Edmund was twelve, he accompanied his father on a trip to Tallahassee, the capital of the Florida territory.. That very January in 1836, sixteen plantations located south of St. Augustine were attacked and devastated. Refugees were entering the town daily for the supposed protection of the fort. Troops were arriving from nearby states to supplement the small, garrison at Fort Marion. These military preparations and the tense excitement that pre- vailed must have vividly impressed the young soldier-to-be. The shorter overland route to Tallahassee was made too dangerous by the warring savages. For ease, of travel as well as to avoid the danger, Judge Smith and his son made the trip by steamer around the peninsula to St. Marks. From that busy port they would travel the remaining distance to Talla- hassee over a much-frequented road. 26 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, March 1, 1849 27 Dwight, op. cit., p. 177 28 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, June (July) 25, 1935 29 Fairbanks, G. R., History of Florida, p. 295 30 Young, R. W., “Fort Marion During the Seminole War,” Florida Hist. Soc. Quarterly, Vol. XIII, p. 194

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Leaving St. Augustine in January, 1836, they sailed down the Florida coast. They halted at In- dian Key where fresh tales of recent massacres were heard. But war, exciting as it was, did not prevent Edmund from being much interested in the coconuts that grew in wild profusion. Much to his delight, he was allowed to pull some of the more accessible ones. Other tropical fruits that he found there, bananas, papaws, and tamarinds, were novel- ties to him. After passing near several villages, deserted because of the recent ravages of the Indians, they stopped for six days at Key West. Edmund thought the place a “handsome town.” Of special interest to him was the light-house and, farther down the beach the salt works where the salt-making process caught his attention. It is likely that on arriving at Key West, Edmund Kirby Smith, future general of the Confederacy, saw the future Secretary of the Confederate States Navy, Stephen R. Mallory. At this time, Mallory was a young man of twenty-three and inspector of the customs at Key West. Though young Edmund makes no mention of Mallory, such a meeting is not only possible but probable since Judge Smith, with whom his son was constantly seen, was one of the most prominent men in the territory. While in Key West, Edmund enjoyed an experi- ence to which almost any boy would thrill. It so happened that the famous frigate, Constellation, with full war equipment in arms and men was anchored there. President Jackson’s forceful foreign policy had severed diplomatic relations with

31 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, Jan. 31, 1836 32 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, Jan. 31, 1836

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France and war with that country was expected by many. According to young Edmund Smith, the crew of the Constellation was eager for such a con- flict. Commodore Dallas, who commanded the vessel, spoke kindly to the boy who was more than pleased with both the commodore and his ship. Ed- mund so impressed with the tidy appearance of the naval craft that he wrote: “the decks were cleaner than the parlour of any house.“ Continuing their journey, Judge Smith and his son cruised along the west coast of Florida making no more stops before reaching their destination. The captain considered it too dangerous to enter Tampa Bay even though it would have made a convenient stopping point. Before reaching St. Marks, the steamer on which they were passengers spoke a cutter of sixteen guns and a sloop of war, the Van- , dalia. During the last night before making port, their ship caught fire and the alarm was sounded. However, no great damage was suffered. All this must have been very exciting to a boy of eleven. Indian troubles were becoming more serious and by now were developing a more personal interest for Edmund. It was expected that his brother, who was now an officer in the army, would be sent to Florida for active duty against the Seminoles. Also at about this time, Major Putnam, an old friend of the family, was wounded while leading an expedition of two militia companies against King Philip, a hostile chief. At St. Marks, they found the population in a state of nervous excitement. An Indian attack was

34 Edmund K. Smith to his mother, Jan. 31, 1836 35 Ibid., Fairbanks, History of Florida, p. 295

LETTERS OF WILLIAM CULLEN B RYANT F ROM F LORIDA

C HARLES I. GLICESBERG In 1843; on the invitation of William Gil&ore Sims, Bryant had taken a journey to the South. He visited Richmond, watched the sale of tobacco, and inspected a typical tobacco factory. Later, while enjoying the ‘hospitality of some planters in the Barnwell district of South Carolina, he had the good ” fortune of witnessing a corn shucking and attending a racoon hunt. But of far greater interest to him was the life of the negro observed at first hand. He. listened to negro ballads and the lively music of the banjo and heard, perhaps for the first time, the hearty, extravagant laughter of the slaves on the plantation. From personal observation he, judged that the blacks of that region were “a cheerful, careless, dirty race, not hard-worked, and in many respects indulgently treated.“l In Picolata, East Florida, what impressed him immediately was the luxuriance and fragrant fresh- ness of the vegetation. Beneath the window of his lodging’ flowed the’waters of the St. Johns, one “of the noblest streams of the country.” Much interested even then in botany and horticulture, Bryant studied the pine barrens and the fruits and plants that grew on them. He visited St. Augustine,2 whose, ancient appearance made him think of some Dutch towns. The old fort of St. Mark impressed

‘Prose Writilzgs of William CuZlen Bryant. Edited by Parke Godwin. ‘(P\Tew-York. lS34), 11, 34. 2Florida Herald, St. Augustine (April 10, 1343): “‘William C. Bryant. Esq. Editor of the Kew York Evening Post. one of the ablest democratic papers in the country, and one of the sweetest of American poets, arrived in this city on Saturday last. He holds a proud place in the literature of his country. He has taken lodgings at the Florida House.”

Published by STARS, 1935 25 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14 [1935], Iss. 4, Art. 1 I 254 constantly expected and any sudden dist,urbance was sufficient to throw the entire town in an uproar. Father and son stopped only one night th.ere and set out next day toward Tallahassee. The jolting journey by stage must have been far from Ipleasant to Judge Smith who was suffering from a swollen, rheumatic knee. However, the road, busy with wagons carrying cotton to waiting ships at St. Marks was full of interest to his ~012.~” That same year, ,Edmund was sent to Alexandria Boarding School in Alexandria, Virginia.“7 This school was conducted by Benjamin Hallowell, who shaped its course of study toward preparing boys to meet successfully the entrance examinations at West Point.38 So Edmund Eirby Smith left a scene ?f actual warfare in his native Florida to begin preparatory training that would lead’ him into a military career. Only for short visits did he return to Florida after 1836.

%Edmund K. Smith to his mother, jan. 31, 1836 “Date of entrance gained from letter of Judge Smith to Edmund K. Smith, Oct. 1, 1845. In this letter, the Judge writes: “I have not seen Edmund more than 5 or 6 hours for a single day in nine years including prep [aratory] studies. . ” R’ame of school obtained from Statements of Progress, &. 25, 1839 and Feb. 14, 1840 “Name of director of school obtained from letter of Edmund K Smith to his mother, July 1, 1838. Type of courses seen od report blanks sent to Judge J. L. Smith.

scr5%i-X%7X9n-g--guuuu -x_ race, who “have appearance %wGyted. You rarely see a negro in ragged clothing, and the colored children, though slaves, are often dressed with neatness.“3 About thirty years later Bryant again vi;Gted the South and described his impressions in a iseries of three Ietters which were printed in the New York Evewing Post. During those three strenuous and eventful decades, numerous changes had come. In the embittered days of the reconstruction period, Bryant earnestly pleaded for moderation and for- bearance. As he saw it then, it was the better part. of wisdom to end the military occupation as soon as possible and remove from the devastated and demor- alized Southern states the stigma, the visible token of their humiliation. There was also the difficult negro problem to be considered. Bryant was not a fanatic on the subject of abolition. He ‘was fully aware that a hitherto suppressed and degraded slave population could not be immediately granted the rights and privileges of citizenship. The illiterate negroes would have to undergo the influences of civilization; before they could be permitted to vote, they would have to be educated. Bryant wished to give the negroes a chance to acquire economic mde- pendence and political enfranchisement, but the fiat of the law could not make them become the equal of the whites. No legislative enactment could change the plain fact that the negroes were at this time . hopelessly incompetent to assume the duties of citizenship. He approved of the Civil Rights bill, he urged that the Fourteenth Amendment ble adopted,

SIbid., 46. ’

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but he could not support the demands and tactics of the radicals. Moreover, now that the war was over, Bryant har- bored no grudge against the South. Slavery had been abolished, the Union restored. The problem of reconstruction should be solved in an amicable and conciliatory spirit. Bryant had no prejudice concerning the character and native ability of the colored race. They were hard-working and law-abiding; in contrast with the dissolute and illiterate poor white, they were often far superior. They were eager to receive the benefits of education. In a few years, he predicted sanguinely, their educated men would take their place as the professional men, the politicians and orators of the community. While factionalism was rife, Bryant was consoled by the thought that God in his great wisdom would bring order out of confusion. This brief introduction will perhaps suffice to outline Bryant’s general attitude towards the South when he visited Florida in the spring of 1873. The three letters that follow have never been collected. A LETTER FROM MR. BRYANT. Some Observations and Reflections in East Florida. Palatka, Florida, March 18, 1873. It is thirty years since I was last in Florida. In that time several of our western states, which then lay in wildernesses, have become populous and boast their large cities and intersecting railways, and count their millions where they counted their hundreds inhabitants. East Florida still remains for the most part a forest. The long peninsula of sand-sand formed by the

4 New York Evening Post, March 24, 1873.

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disintegration of the coral rock on which East Flor- ida lies, is divided for nearly its whole length by the majestic river of St. John, which rises in the southern part of the peninsula, a broad, deep, placid stream, as black as a Claude Lorraine mirror, with no motion that makes a ripple, and here and there spreading into lakes. Into this great artery scores of smaller streams, just as dark and just as quiet, and either drained from swamps or fed by copious springs, bring their waters and keep its channels full, in some places almost even with the banks. These low tracts are, of course, swamp; they are corded with trees and shrubs of various kinds, the roots of which are in a black mould, which stains the water drained from them. As you pass along this calm, dark river, or its calm, dark tributaries, you sweep by these marshy spots, and come to others where the shore rises a few feet above the water, and the soil is almost pure white sand. On the more fertile of these spots grow more lofty live- oaks and magnolias, and here the settler makes his openings, and builds his dwelling, and plants his orchard of orange trees. In one of these spots, named Mandarin, Mrs. Stowe has her tinter mansion, in the, shadow of some enormous live oaks, and here she has planted an orange grove. In another, named Magnolia, is an excellent hotel, with a row of cottages for guests, and all around them the solitary woodland. A south of Magnolia is Green Cove Spring, where a little village has sprung up, with the yellow jessamine, now in late bloom, clambering over the cottages. The spring itself is one of the most beautiful objects of its kind that I ever saw-a natural well of twenty feet in diameter, throwing up the translucent water in huge gushes. So clear is the water that the minutest object at the bottom is readily discerned as it were near the eye, and that

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bottom, pearly white in some parts and bright green in others, gleams through the water with a bril- liancy like that of some precious stone. From the spring a copious stream runs rapidly to the St. John, supplying in its way the baths for which the place for many years past has been famous. The beauty of the ground has been marred by cutting away the evergreen shrubs that once hung over the water and putting around it an ugly border of planks. But these are merely stations the great forest, which for the most part, where it is not swamp, is a sandy plain covered with the trees of the long- leaved pine, under which is a growth of the dwarf palmetto, shading size of a man’s leg. In many parts the trees have been thinned by the gatherers of turpentine; no others have sprung up in place of those that have been destroyed, and the wind sighs drearily through the branches of a few that are left. Sometimes you see a track made by the wheels of carts leading from the river bank, and looking that way YOU discern a log cabin or two in the distance. At times you come upon groups of the palmettos, towering to a height which they do not attain further north, and giving a tropical aspect to the woods. On one side of the river you perhaps see a tangled growth of evergreen shrubs and twining plants apparently impenetrable, and on the other bank small lean cows browsing upon the green things that come within their reach, and you are told that here in Florida, on. account of the scarcity of the neat cattle soon degenerate. For three hundred years has Florida been open to settlement, and St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States by more than fifty years. How does it happen that East Florida is still for the most

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part a wilderness? It certainly is not the fault of the region immediately north of it. The ocean winds from the Gulf of Mexico on the west, and the At- lantic on the east, mitigate the summer heats and prevent the winter frosts. It is claimed, and probably with truth, that the diseases which arise from malaria are of a milder character than in the lower parts of Georgia and South Carolina. The reason of the slow increase of population must be the mea- greness of soil in the greater part of the peninsula. I remember that a writer in the Evening Post some time since spoke of the soil of East Florida as “the despair of the cultivator.” The expression is a strong one, and perhaps, as applied to the whole region is not quite deserved. There are some noble orange groves along the St. John and in St. Augus- tine, which flourish and yield large returns of profit. The mud is dug from the neighboring marshes and mingled with the sand which forms the greater part of the soil, and the ground becomes fertile. The oranges of Florida are among the finest produced anywhere. The keeper of an apple-stand at Jack- sonville, on the St. John, as we stopped coming up the river, asked me if I had ever tasted the Indian River oranges. I thought he said Indian rubber, and answered him accordingly. “Indian River,” said he, “and you will find it the finest fruit that grows.” I tried his Indian River oranges brought from New Smyrna, many leagues south of this, and could not but own that his praise was not ill-deserved, so rich and agreeably tempered to the palate was the juice, and so delicately tender the little cells in which the juice was contained. How far it is practicable to carry this method of obtaining muck from the marshes to make the immense tracts of sand pro- ductive I have not the means of judging. There is

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an Orange Growers’ Association here, who say in their prospectus that the best soil for the orange tree is that of the marshes when “properly drained.’’ But the draining of the marshes seems to me a very doubtful undertaking, on account of their very slight elevation above the surface of the rivers. Could not the marshes in Florida be treated in the manner of the Chinampas in Mexico? There the wet ground is trenched with broad and deep ditches like canals, and the earth heaped in narrow parallel-ograms high above the water; and here all manner of vegetables and fruits are cultivated all the year round. In the dry season these narrow platforms are watered from the broad ditches that surround them. But there are some indications of growth in East Florida. Thirty -years ago, when I visited it, Jack- sonville, on the St. John, was known only by its single orange grove just planted. It is now a thriving town of four thousand inhabitants or more, and two hotels, at this season full of guests. I have just returned from St. Augustine, where thirty years since I passed nearly three weeks. It was then almost bare of trees, the orange groves by which it had been overshadowed having shortly before been killed by a severe- frost. It has lost something of its ancient aspect; a few new houses having been built, among which are two hotels, but its orange trees have been renewed and they are now in bloom, sweetening the air for a great distance around them, and the mocking birds are singing among their branches. At present the place is suffering a northern invasion. All the hotels are crowded with 5 In 1843, Bryant spoke of Jacksonville as “a little town of great activity, which has sprung up on the sandy bank within two or three years.” Prose Writings of William Cullen Bryant, 11, 39.

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guests, and every spare room in town which can be had for money is occupied by persons sent from the hotels, and still the tram-road over which the ve- hicles are drawn by mules, brings every day its fresh load of visitors. Whatever may be the fortune of the rest of East Florida, this place is likely to flourish on account of the purity of the air and the benignity of the climate, and to become the great winter watering-place of the United States. In a few years it will probably part with nearly all that is left reminding the visitor of its Spanish origin- its narrow streets, its high garden walls of shell-rock and its overhanging balconies-all but its fine old fort of St. Mark-and look like any other American town in the Southern States, saving its orange groves and the date palms, which, planted within thirty years, are now beginning to peer over the roofs of the houses. It will then be the resort of invalids who need not only a mild climate but the open air, and of idlers who come back to bask in the sunshine of this softer climate and these serener skies. For the sunshine here has been almost per- petual since we entered Florida, and although the climate here sympathizes in some degree with that of the Northern States and the great snow storms of that region chill the air even in these latitudes, yet they only make one the better for a brisk walk, and are a relief from the feeling of enervation which attends one of the warm days here. One of the sights most worth seeing here is the place of the late Mr. Buckingham Smith. That gentleman directed it by his will to be sold and the proceeds to be applied to the support of an hospital for poor and aged colored people. His executor, Dr. Bronson, a resident of this place and one of its most public-spirited citizens, has already begun the

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building. The place is one of the finest things to be seen in East Florida. A lane between overhanging orange trees, now shining with their golden fruit, forming a fragrant covered way, leads to the mansion, which is overshadowed by gigantic mulberry trees. All around the mansion are rows of orange trees now in full bloom, yet with their bright yellow fruit glittering here and there among the dark green, and scattered irregularly about are great gnarled fig trees, and pomegranate bushes putting forth their young leaves. The dark color of the soil attests the care which has been taken to enrich it with the dark mould of the marshes, and here and there you have the grateful feeling of treading upon an elastic turf formed by the vigorously growing grass, a sensation quite rare in Florida, where the grass of our northern region is almost a stranger.

MR. BRYANT IN FLORIDA. The effects of Freedom on the Negro--Noah as a Reader of the Bible-A New Industry--A Voyage on the Ochlawaha River-A Visit to the House of Osceola-The Present and Future Attractions of Florida. [Correspondence of the Evening Post.] Green Cove Springs, On the St. John’s River, March 23, I did not in my last finish what I had to say of St. Augustine. Since I visited it thirty years ago, a great change has taken place in the constitution of society here; the slaves have been set free. I then observed that

6 New York, Evening Post, April 3, 1873.

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the negro race in the town had a sleek, well-fed look, and were for the most part neatly attired. In both respects it has seemed to me that there is a change for the worse. A lady who has long resided in the place said to me: “I am sure that the generation which have grown up since the war are decidedly more intelligent than their predecessors, but physic- ally they are inferior. They are not so well sup- plied with wholesome food, and the consequence is that they are not so strong and hardy. They are easily fatigued with work, in comparison with their fathers and mothers. As to their manners, they are not disrespectful, but they are, of course, not trained to the same courtesy as their parents.” I was conducted, while at St, Augustine, to their principal school, in which are two departments, each of them with its female teacher from the Northern States. The pay of the teacher in the most advanced of their departments is forty dollars a month, on which she subsists, keeping house in a dwelling erected for that purpose by Dr. Bronson in the school-house yard, and presented by him to the school. In both departments the attendance was not large, but the pupils were quick in their answers to questions, and showed a respectable proficiency. “You should see the school,” said a lady who was present, and who took a lively interest in its suc- cess, "when the town is not, as now, full of strangers. Every little creature of the colored race who is able to carry a cup of tea on a waiter without spilling it, is kept at home to wait on the guests at the hotels and boarding houses. But the scholars whom we were most proud of have lately left us, and are at the colleges for colored people in Atlanta. They had become experts in algebra and had made a beginning in Latin, and in these and other

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branches of education were so well trained that professors from our northern colleges, who were here last winter, expressed their astonishment at their proficiency. We shall soon have colored teach- ers for the colored race.” The lady said that the colored people were so eager to learn that she gave, last summer, lessons to washerwomen at ten o’clock in the evening, after the labors of the day were over, and found others waiting at her door for their daily lessons at six o’clock in the morning, before their work was begun. Some of our party were present at a Sunday-school held in a Methodist church in St. Augustine, and were struck with the readiness shown by the little pupils in apprehending their instructions. They are collecting funds for founding a college at a place called Live Oaks. The frame is a structure, and has been put up and enclosed; seven thousand dollars have been raised for the comple- tion of its plan, and eighteen thousand more are wanted. I was present at a meeting at which a colored man was setting forth its claim on the public liberality. “We have nothing narrow or exclusive in our plan,” he said, extending his arms by way, of giving greater emphasis to his words; “we have no preju- dices of caste or color, all will be freely admitted into our institution, whatever their profession or their race;" by which I understood that no person would be refused admission on the ground that he was white. Save in the case of the very young, however, the schools have made but little impression upon the ignorance in which the colored race have been reared. Their worship in their churches gives evi-

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dence of this. A lady, the other day, gave me an account of a sermon which she heard not long since in St. Augustine, as an example of their mode of embellishing Scripture history. The preacher had dwelt awhile on the fall of man and the act of dis- obedience by which sin came into the world, and had got as far as the time of Noah. He then said: “De world got to be berry wicked; de people all bad, and de Lord make up his mind to drown dem. But Noah was a good man who read his Bible, and did jus as de Lord tole him. And de Lord tole Noah to build a big ark, big enough to hole part of ebery thing alive on de And Noah built it. And de Lord call upon ebery living ting to come into de ark, and be save. And de birds come flyin’ to de ark, and de big lion and de cow and de possum come in, and de horse come trotting to de ark, and de leetle worm come creepin’ in; but only de wicked sinner wouldn’t come in, and dey laugh at Noah and his big ark. And den de rain come down, but Noah he set comfortable and dry in de ark and read his Bible. And de rain come down in big spouts, and come up to de doo’ step of de houses and gin to cober de floo’, and den de sinner be scaret and knock at de doo’ ob de ark berry hard. And de big lion hear de racket and roar, and de dog bark, and de ox bellow, but Noah keep on readin’ de Bible. And de sinner say, ‘Noah, Noah, let us come in.’ And Noah say, ‘I berry sorry, but I can’t let you in, for de Lord lock de doo’ and trow away de key’.” The fund bequeathed by the late Mr. Peabody to the Southern States for the support of schools is found to be very convenient for the people of Flor- ida. I visited a school for white children which received annually a thousand dollars from this source, and is under the care of a most skilful instructor

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from the North. “At this school, when it was first opened,” said the gentleman who accompanied me, “we thought that we could not possibly expect more than fifty or sixty scholars, but we opened with a hundred and twenty.” The Catholic priesthood in Florida, as everywhere else, discourage the attendance of the children of their flocks at schools not under their especial care, and the population of St. Augustine is principally Catholic. The result shows that there are many of them who prefer that their children should be educated with those of other re- ligious denominations, instead of being forced to keep by themselves as a peculiar caste. Since my first visit to Florida a new branch of industry has been introduced, the credit of which is given to a lady with a Spanish name, Mrs. Olivarez. Thousands of acres in Florida are overspread with the dwarf Palmetto, a plant which has a shaggy stem lying flat on the ground and rooting itself by fibres from the under side, while its summit is crowned with a tuft of fan-like leaves of a tough fibre. Those leaves, dried and bleached in the sun and shredded into strips, are formed into braids and the braids into hats and bonnets of a texture as flexi- ble, and I should think nearly as durable, as that of the well-known hat. In this way a plant which the settler has regarded as a pest is made to give bread to thousands, and becomes so valuable that its disappearance would be regarded as a mis- fortune. The names of Mrs. Pucetti, Mrs. Carrana, Mrs. Canova, and Miss Usina, over the shop doors in St. Augustine, show how generally the original population of the town have concerned themselves in this branch of industry. Our party went the other day to the Magnolia Grove, a few miles north of St. Augustine, a noble wood of great live oaks,

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festooned and curtained with moss, with a magnolia tree in the midst, where picnics are held, and on our way we passed by a solitary cabin, about which the sandy soil was spread with the leaves of the dwarf palmetto, whitening in the sun, which here at this season shines almost perpetually. Some benevolent ladies among the guests from the North at Magnolia have discovered, in the depths of the surrounding forest, a family of Crackers, as they are called, or poor whites, who have attained a certain humble prosperity by this occupation. There is a mother and several children, among whom are daughters, unlettered, ignorant if you please, but not unintelligent, dwelling in a cabin kept with the most scrupulous neatness, kind, courteous, labor- ious and cheerful. Within the last year they had received eight hundred dollars for Palmetto braid, sent by them to New York. I returned the other day from a little voyage up the Ochlawaha River to Silver Spring. We took passage at Palatka, a little town on the St. John, beyond which the larger steamers do not ascend, and which, therefore, is a sort of mart for the surrounding region. It has its rich orange groves, on both sides of the river, and its little plantations of bananas, from amidst the long leaves of which, withered by the frosts of last January, new ones are breaking forth with a greenness and vigor which give some promise of fruit in the approaching season. Our steamer was a little thing of its kind, rudely constructed, with slight attention to com- fort or convenience, for navigating a narrow and extremely winding river, where it must occasionally strike the trunks of the trees rising from the water’s edge. We left our wharf at eight o’clock in the evening, and when the morning broke found our-

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selves in the Ochlawaha, with the steersman, a sturdy black fellow, at the wheel, apparently exerting his utmost strength to keep the little steamer from running into the bank, on some sudden turn of the stream, or dashing itself against the cypress stems that grew directly from the dark waters. In the night a lady of our party had her finger stung by a scorpin. Our way was for more than a hundred miles along a narrow passage made by the river channel through a woodland solitude, mostly a morass, in which the roots of the trees far as the sight could penetrate were steeped in the water. We looked for alligators, but the sunshine, though bright, was not warm enough to call them forth, but occasionally we passed a huge snake, the water moccassin, coiled up on a log or projecting branch over the stream. The kingfisher chattered and dived for his prey before us, brilliantly colored butterflies crossed from one bank to the other; the water-turkey left his perch, and the noisy, long-necked birds which they call the lepkin flew away screaming into the depth of the woods. Once a deer showed himself on the bank, and quickly disappeared. When again came on the crew lighted a fire of resinous pine on the upper deck over the bow of the steamer, and then the scene presented was one of the most remarkable that I ever saw. The strong ruddy glare of the fire seemed to bring closer to each other the leafy walls of the green arcade through which we were passing, and, changing their hue to the eye, gave them an unearthly yet beautiful aspect, such as we might ascribe to the groves of the Underworlds. The morning found us moored to the landing in Silver Spring, a basin some five or six rods across,

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a natural well of transparent water, with patches of a bright green color at the bottom, and so clear that you see at a great depth the fish with which it abounds. It feeds a stream called the Silver Run, which flows with a current of clear white water into the Ochlawaha, and gives to that river a pre- ceptible flow and frequent ripples, which you do not remark in the lower branches of the St. John. Five of the party on board our steamer in carriages to Ocala, six miles distant, the principal town of Marion county, and before the Indian war of Florida the residence of the famous chief Osce- ola, which we reached by a sandy road through pine barrens. The town is pleasantly situated, in a region of more varied surface than I had seen in any part of Florida, gentle declivities and long smooth valleys, with groups of lofty and spreading trees, looking like a country long settled, although the town was only laid out twenty-seven years since. It is, in short, such a region as Bartram, in his account of Florida, loves to describe, or rather to ex- aggerate in his flowery prose. The landlord of the Ocala House, who escorted us to the town, gave us, as we went, some account of his neighborhood. “Here,” he said, “in Marion county is some of the best land in Florida. There were large plantations on both sides of the way that we are travelling, where Sea Island cotton and sugar cane were raised. They are abandoned; there is nobody to work them. The negroes in this county exceed the whites in number, and the moment they were free they took advantage of the Homestead act and took up lands in the tracts belonging the government, and refused to work on the plantations. There are plantations on which were machines and implements for making sugar, costing, perhaps, twenty thousand

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dollars, all of which are useless and ruined for that reason. But we do the best we can. We have thirty public schools in this state, and we cheerfully pay our school tax for the education of the blacks. Our most eminent men sit with them on juries and as- sociate with them in various departments of public business. We have, in the main, a law-abiding population. I was foreman of the Grand Jury at the term of our court now sitting, and we found but two indictments.” I went with Mr. Harris, our landlord, into the Court-house. Two persons stood up, arraigned on one of these indictments, while it was read to them -a man and woman, black as jet. It was an in- dictment for adultery; from which I inferred that an effort was making to enforce the marriage obligation, hitherto but little respected by the colored race; one of the consequences of a state of slavery. Our guide returned with us to Silver Spring, taking another route, or rather passing from one old plantation road to another. “I do this,” he said, “that you may see that Florida is not all swamp and sand, but contains good land. Here is a hum- mock of twenty-five thousand acres, and there are numerous other large ones between this and the Gulf of Mexico.” We passed through a beautiful forest of lofty trees-the sweet and gum, the magnolia, the water oak, the prickly ash and others, with a dark soil, a firm road beneath our wheels, and here and there the limestone rock cropping out in the roadsides. We reached Silver Spring after a long drive, and thence made our way to this place. Since writing about the braiding of palmetto leaves I have seen people at work on the leaves of

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the tree palmetto, which are larger and longer than those of the dwarf species. They claim that it has a tougher fibre and is more durable, and object to the braid made from the foliage of the dwarf plant, that after a certain time it acquires a red tinge. Coming to this place, I found the two hotels crowded with guests, many of whom were quartered in the neighboring cottages. This hotel, the Claren- don, is like a beehive, murmuring all day, and far into the night, with its swarm of inmates. It is so everywhere. Florida is overrun with a northern invasion. The Jacksonville newspapers give long lists of passengers daily arriving. The hotel at Magnolia is full, the two hotels at Palatka are full, and accommodations for strangers are sought in private houses. At St. Augustine they come in daily by scores; and people are seen wandering about the streets with their travelling bags, seeking quarters. “We have accomodations in St. Augustine,” said the keeper of our hotel, “for twice as many-visitors as we had last winter. We were crowded then, and are crowded now.” For my part I have no doubt that the number of those who resort to Florida will increase with every season-for this reason, if for no other, that this region may be reached without a sea voyage. With the increase of resort, the accomodations for visitors will be improved and multiplied. There will be better means of reaching Silver Spring and the glades of Ocala, and of penetrating to Indian River, that the children of the North may pluck, where they grow, those apples of the Hesperides, the finest oranges in the world. In many more places the arid sands will be coaxed into fertility and beauty by being mingled with the dark soil of the

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marshes, and kept perpetually fresh by water drawn from a very little depth by windmills, and distri- buted over the surface. At some future time here will be groves of the date palm, which has flourished at St. Augustine, and gardens with hedges of myr- tle, and walks embowered with the arbutus, and the laurel of Europe, and every beautiful evergreen which grows under the skies of Italy, for the re- freshment of those who come from the snow fields of our harsher clime. * * * A LETTER FROM MR. BRYANT A Florida Town-A Glimpse of Savannah...... Norfolk, Virginia, April 9, 1873. I have yet one or two things to say to the South, which furnish matter for another letter. On my journey hither I stopped for two or three days at Jacksonville, the principal town in East Florida, and really a flourishing place. When I said, the other day, that its population exceeds four thousand, I merely repeated what somebody told me. I afterwards inquired of one who has lived there ever since the civil war. "The place,” he answered, “is rated at ten thousand, but probably that is more than it contains; we may fairly call it eight thousand.” It is laid out with very broad streets, shaded with sturdy trees, the live oak and water oak, evergreens both, and through the unpav- ed sandy streets, without a pebble, the wheel carriages plough their way unheard, or run as noise- lessly over the sawdust with which some of them are overspread, while the foot-passengers make their way on sidewalks of plank. Steamers and other river

7 New York Evening Post, April 15, 1873.

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craft lie at the wharfs on the river St. John, new buildings are going up, and the private dwellings are, for the most part, spacious and surrounded by gardens. If the wheel carriages roll silent- ly, the steam sawmills, on the other hand, keep up a continual grating and creaking. The broad, sandy plains around the town are stripped of their huge pines, the growth of centuries, which are here slit into planks, and the refuse parts of the trees are pushed upward on ascending platforms and then flung down upon a fire that blazes and crackles from morning till night. At present, certainly, Jacksonville seems to be prosperous. In approaching Savannah by rail I preceived some striking indications of the ravages of the late civil war. Mansions of the former large plantations reduced to ashes, with the chimneys’ standing, and new log cabins raised in the clearings of the dreary pine forest, marked the changed relations of the white and black races. Here and there we passed breastworks of earth thrown up for defence. Savannah, however, shows to the casual observer no traces of the late struggle. Its well-built rows of houses, extending over what were open fields when I last saw the city, its great trees spreading a broader shadow, its glossy broad-leaved evergreens peeping over the garden walls, and its ware- houses crammed with bales of cotton, give no report of the terrible collision between the North and the South. Between Savannah and Charleston, however, the ruined dwellings of the planters are not infrequently seen. [The remainder of the letter relates to Charleston and Virginia.]

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THE PANTON, LESLIE PAPERS LETTERS OF WILLIAM PANTON TO JOHN FORBES Pensacola, 26 April 1800 Mr. John Forbes My Dear Sir [One line missing] disappointed as we are in every attempt hitherto made to procure a supply of Gunpowder from Americas for the wretched Indians nor from any other Neutral Port during the present unfortunate War, I see no other recourse left than to submit to the terms of the Intendant General be they what they will in order to procure such a supply as will enable us to sell the goods we have on hand and I am of the opinion that no more [two lines missing] we may call for of those articles & payable in kind at the end of the War. Look over Mr. Rendon’s letters to you or see if he does not encourage us to expect a yearly grant of ammunition sufficient to supply the Indians during the War as being a boon indespensably requisite for the existence of this Commerce in compensation for the heavy losses we sustained during the French War. I am certain that some such promise was made to us & which induced us to remain here at a sacrifice too great to be credited. We have been playing a losing game for Eight years past & it is full time it should end, otherwise the last shilling will go. You will herewith receive duplicate of the Royal NOTE-These letters are in continuation of the series of surviv- ing records of Panton, Leslie & Co. the publication of which has been continuous in the Quarterly. They are in the possession of Mrs. John W. Greenslade who has transcribed them.

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orders granting the privileges to our House [three lines missing] Service for fifteen years past I looked forward for rewards in place of restrictions, but in this we have greatly been disappointed. The Port of the Havannah from which we were ordered to receive supplies of sugar rum Taffia & coffee has been forbid to us as also that of sending to Campeachy for Log wood to mix with our skins for the purpose of Ballast, and altho’ the Americans have enjoyed the indulgence of supplying the Span- ish Colonies in America with all kinds of Coarse goods and procuring in return whatever they deem- ed necessary these privileges have unfortunately been denied to us unless under circumstances and . restrictions that we could not comply with & which the American Merchants were exempted from- We have stated to the King our distresses at various periods or accompanied with well founded certificates of the utility of our houses from the Governor & Intendants [3 lines missing] In the year 1792 our stores at Appalachy were robbed of upwards of $15,000 by a vagabond of the name of Bowles who was taken to New Orleans & from thence sent to Spain where instead of the punishment he merited he has been suffered to escape & is returned to the Coast of Appalachy to commit fresh depredations which we are left to deplore our past losses & to suffer more. And even here these officers of Haciendo have threatened to add to our other misfortunes by opening the Package of wool- ens & exposing them to destruction the Moth- This I was obliged to get over by agreeing to pay them five hundred Dollars & as F. [Folch(?)] will expect that much or more & which with other items of expense you must judge if our business can sup-

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port it-that you should see from them how far they have power to redress these painful matters Relying on you to promote our Interest I remain Dr Sir Your most obed. Servt WM PANTON

DRAUGHT OF AN ORDER OF COUNCIL Where as it has been represented to his Majesty at this Board by the humble petition & memorial of Jas. Strachan, Jas Mac Kenzie & Alex Glennie on behalf of Wm Panton, Jno Leslie & Thos Forbes are British born subjects were formally inhabitants of South Carolina & Georgia from whence they were banished on account to their attachment to the Brit- ish Government, that they afterwards retired to his Majesty’s Province of East Florida where they carried on an extensive commerce with the Indian Tribes during the last War, & that since the conclusion of the late Peace they have been permitted to carry on their trade in East & West Florida under a Royal indulgence of the King of Spain the said indulgence assuring to them the power of re- moving their effects within a limited time after any declaration of Hostilities that might happen to take place between his Majesty the Crown of Spain & whereas they are deprived of the Benefit of the said indulgence by the apprehension that the said effects if taken by British Cruizers may be subject to com- plication as the effects of British subjects imported from the Enemy’s country, His Majesty taking the same into his most gracious consideration doth here- by declare that it shall be lawful for the said Wm Panton Jno Leslie & Thos Forbes to import in

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British or Neutral Vessels from the Ports of East or West Florida into the Ports of the Bahama Islands, such articles as may be legally imported, the same being the produce of East or West Florida, & and have been the property of the said persons or of some of them before the Declaration of Hostili- ties published by the King of Spain, & continuing to be their property or coming in Exchange for or payment of commodities which they have carried there for their account & in the cause of their trade before the said declaration, & there being certificates on board the vessels employed in bringing the same upon the oaths of one or more of these three persons, that the goods are in all respects conform- able to the Terms of this order which order shall continue in Force for the space of Two years from the date here of, [date and subscription missing] * * *

Pensacola 23d October 1800 Mr. John Forbes, The Post is arrived from Georgia & has brought me letters & copys of letters from England from the month of March to the 12th of July, voluminous indeed, but the information they contain may be abridged to the following- Our dispute with Mincinglane House is submitted to Arbritration, but the Party’s concerned seem in no hurry to bring it to a decision, owing to Grants absence & James Gairdner being expected- The loss p. Nancy & W. D. not settled neither is the loss p. Sisters. The Margaret Ann, Capt. Ross taken and carried into France, we are fully covered, but insurance

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could not be recovered for want of Invoice & Bill of Lading. Hindman was arrived & has again sailed on a voyage to Russia- The Brig Campbell, Greenwood, or Brig Peggy foundered at Sea, & all hands lost- The House in Mincinglane refuse to replace them by a new Purchase, & the Nassau goods will be sent to that place by that House in a vessel belonging to Cap’ Wilson freight-The vessel which Mr. Forbes sent to Havannah to withdraw sugars for the amount of the money advanced Minor, refused admittance, & returned as she went which has put your Brother Tom in a rage, & under its influence he has wrote me several offensive things which I shall not be in a hurry to answer- The Bills on Penman & Co by Gairdner & Co for to raise Minor’s money is noted for non acceptance & the House of Fernandez & Co has acted with timidity & Tom writes that the truth is not in them- Adam Gordon has obtained from the Earle of Liverpool in our favour the liberty of shipping under License directly to Spanish America any quantity of British goods on giving Bond that an equal quantity of the produce of the Colony’s & value shall be imported from thence to Great Britian; small skins will not answer at the London Markett of which I shall advise Simpson that they may be put on one side-They may be better man- aged in France.- The American Commissioners have not suc- ceeded in their expectations at France & some say they will return as they went.

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My Friend Howard must not be angry with me, I will make up for my not writing him by & bye I have sent to the Govr, Colo Howard, Morales, & Intendant newspapers & you must say to them what you think will be agreeable or what you think they merit- Don Andrews will see their papers, or you can supply him, with my best respects- I send you copy of a letter from Colo Hawkins & another from Timothy Barnard-Show them to the Marquess, Colo Howard Don Andrews but to no one else- I suspect that the Americans are not hearty in suppressing Bowles but whether my opinion is well or ill founded a little time will show-Hyndman may be expected here in Jany. Penman thinks American vessels will now answer better but he tells me not on what he grounds his opinion nor am I disposed to adopt that expensive mode of sending skins to England I have received your letters dated 29th ulo 4th 6th 15th & 16th Instant together with your notes to the Marquess but I must take a few days more to Consider them & your intended Journey to Mad- rid before I reply- The Shark is coming in from Sea-I think & am almost sure of it so that you may expect to hear from me by Bartholome who sails on Saturday two days hence I remain Dr Sir Your most obed. Servt WM PANTON

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THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY On the invitation of President Chase, those officers and directors of the Society who were able to attend met in conference with him at Winter Park on December 14. Coming from a distance were Vice president Kathryn T. Abbey, of Talla- hassee; Secretary Herbert Lamson, Librarian Carl Bohnenberger, and Mrs. Frank E. Jennings, director, of Jacksonville; and Mrs. Roy V. Ott, director, of Ocala. The president also asked Professor A. J. Hanna, retiring vice president, and Mr. Watt Marchmann, archivist of Rollins College, to attend. It was the opinion of those present that the by- laws of the Society should be revised and possibly the charter amended. The president appointed Mrs. Frank E. Jennings chairman of a committee to be selected by her to make a study of the charter and by-laws, and recommend changes and additions at the next annual meeting or at a meeting called for that purpose. It was agreed that the most pressing need of the Society is additional members, and it was suggested that the directors, and as many members as would do so, make a wide distribution of application-for- membership blanks. Doctor Abbey outlined the present general status of the vast amount of Florida historical material brought together, mainly from foreign archives, during the past ten years by Mr. John B. Stetson, Jr. and Dr. James A. Robertson, a small part of which have been published by the Florida State Historical Society. She expressed the hope that this valuable collection might be brought to Flor- ida; and was requested, and agreed, to secure de- tailed information on the matter for the use of the directors. For the extension of the influence and work of the Society, President Chase proposed that sectional

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meetings, formal but not official, of members and friends of the Society be held in each of the five Congressional districts of the State before the next annual meeting, preferably on anniversaries signi- ficant to each district with a program of one or more historical papers and an explanation of the objects of the Society and the desirability of making Florida conscious of the importance of its history. This proposal had the endorsement of all present. In accordance with the proposal outlined above, the first of these regional historical meetings was held in Tallahassee on January 10-this being the seventy-fifth anniversary of the passage of the ordinance of secession by the constitutional convention elected for its consideration, through which Florida severed its connection with the United States and became an independent nation. The celebration was held jointly by the Florida Histor- ical Society and the Tallahassee Historical Society. The feature of the occasion was a paper read by Dr. Dorothy Dodd who has made a study of secession in Florida. President Chase came to Tallahassee to attend. A similar district meeting was held in Sanford on February 8, Founder’s Day, there, jointly by the Florida Historical Society and the Daughters of the American Revolution. Commemorative exer- cises were held in the afternoon and a dinner with a historical program followed. Senator A. M. Taylor, of St. Augustine, a director of the Society, was chairman. President Chase spoke of the purpose of the meeting; Mr. Irving Bacheller, a member of the Sanford family, told of the life of General Sanford, as did Mr. S. 0. Chase, and the latter also recounted the extensive and well-known horti- cultural experiments of the General. Meetings are to be held in the other districts also.

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FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY QUARTERLY INDEX

VOLUMES ‘II-XIV

(Titles of articles which have appeared ANTHROPOLOGY IN FLORIDA, Rhea in the Quarterly are in ITALIC CAPI- M. Smith: XI. 151: bibliography: 171 TALS. Titles of books and other printed Apalache: XIV. 74, 75; Description of, 116 material relating wholly or in part to Apalachian Indians: VII. 224 Florida are in italic.) APALACHEE DURING THE BRITISH (This index was prepared by F. W. OCCUPATION, Mark F. Boyd: XII. Hoskins, of Pensacola, District Supervisor, 114 Federal Writers’ Projects, Florida Works Appleyard. T. J.: in memoriam, IX. 301 Progress Administration.) Arbuthnot, ------: VII. 67 (An index to Vols. I-VI appeared in ARCHIVAL DISTRIRUTION OF FLOR- the Quarterly, the issue of January, 1929.) IDA MANUSCRIPTS, James Alexan- der Robertson: X. 35 Abbey, K. T. DOCUMENTS RELATING Aredondo Grant : VII. 102 TO EL DESTINO AND CHEMONIE Ashby, Major ------: VII. 90 PLANTATIONS: ATTACK, AN EXPECTED, ON PENSA- VII. 179. 291 VIII. 3, 79; Review of COLA: 1816, Letter from John In- A. P. Whitaker, The Spanish-American nerarity : XI. 140 Frontier : VII. 106: vice-president. Aury. Luis: VII. 31, 37; orders for ex- Florida Historical Society: XIV. 222: pulsion from Amelia Island: VII. 39; THE STORY OF THE LAFAYETTE surrenders Amelia: VII. 49 LANDS IN FLORIDA: X. 115 Austin, Mrs. George L.: mem. IX. 193 Abel, Mrs. Mary D.: mem. VII. 263 Averette, Mrs. Annie: in memoriam, X. Abernathy, Marie: mem. XI. 194 Abridgment of Christian Doctrine: VII. 216 Avila, Fray Francisco de: VII. 218 Agricultural Society of Middle Florida : Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de: VII. 214 XI. 121 Alabama, Florida & Georgia Railroad Com- Bailey, William J.:. . VII. 245 pany: IX. 225 Baird, Eberle: mem. VII. 109; in memor- Albertson Public Library: mem. XI. 194 iam, IX. 301 Allen, G. Frank: mem. VII. 109 Baker, Hansell: mem. VIII. 73; in memor- Alley, R. C.: mem. VII. 263 iam, XI. 192 Altamaha River: VII. 7, 8. 12 Baker, Thelma: VIII. 206 Amathia, Chief Holata (Indian) : VII. 337 BALLARD OF JEAN RIBAULT, Clinton Amathla, Charley : VII. 341, 344 Scollard: X. 201 Ambrister, Robert Christie: VII. 66 Baltzell, George L. : mem. IX. 193; BAT- Amelia Island : VII. 6, 10; Map: VII. TLE OF OLUSTEE (Ocean Pond), 10 ; Amelia Island annexed to Mexico: IX. 199 VII. 33, 61 Banditry: IX. 30 American Catholic Society Record: L. D. Banditti : X. 61, 62, 79, 158 Scisco; XI. 6 Bangs, Frances M.: mem. VIII. 234 American Garland. C. H. Firth, Printer: Bankhead, Major James: VII. 41, 50, 52 VII. 72 Banks: XI. 122 American State Papers, Foreign Relations Bank of Pensacola: IX. 234 Vol. IV: VII. 56, 69 Barns, Paul D.: mem. VII. 109 Anderson, Robert H.: mem. XII. 42 Barbour, James, Sec. of War: XII. 113 Anderson, R. L.: mem. VIII. 234 Barnard, Timothy: IX. 88 Anderson, Mrs. Robert L.: men. VIII. 73 Barrancas, road to: XIV. 185, 190 ANDERSON, WALKER, 1801-1857, Julia Barrow, D. C.: in memoriam, VIII. 217 J. Yonge: XI. 173 Battle Ground, Newnan’s: IX. 150 Annon, Fray Miguel de: VII. 219 Baxter, Ruth H.: mem. VII. 109 ANNUAL MEETING OF TEE FLORIDA Beach, Rex: mem. IX. 61 HISTORICAL SOCIETY: VII. 357; Beard, Major John: XII. 11, 59 VIII. 204, IX. 290; X. 197; XI. 142; Bell, Capt. -: VII. 90 XII. 135; VIII. 172; XIV. 221 Bell, Mrs. Emily Lagow, My Pioneer Days Anthropology of Florida, Ales Hrdlicka: in Florida : VII. 172; donation, 174 XI. 152 Benavides, Gov. Don Antonio de: XIV. 75

Published by STARS, 1935 53 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14 [1935], Iss. 4, Art. 1 BERNARD ROMAN’S MAP OF FLORIDA Bryant, William Cullen, LETTERS FROM ENGRAVED BY PAUL REVERE, FLORIDA: XIV. 255 AND OTHER EARLY MAPS IN THE Buchanan, President James: XIII, 69 LIBRARY OF THE FLORIDA HIS- Buenos Ayres: VII. 14. 15, 18 TORICAL SOCIETY, A. F. Harley: Buford, Rivers H. mem. VIII. 128 IX. 47 Bullard, B. F.: mem. XI. 194 Bethune, Farquhar: VII. 22 Bullard, Mrs. B. F.: mem. XI. 194 Beverly, Captain: VII. 25 Bullock, W. S.: VIII. 211 Big Factor: IX. 70 Burbridge, Ben: mem. IX. 61 Burdette, Susan: donation, IX. 193 Big Warrior (Indian): IX. 73-86 Burial Grounds (Indian): VIII. 48-49 Billie Bowlegs (Indian): VII. 83 Burkhim, L. J.: mem. VII. 109 Bimini: XI. 5 Burroughs, Rosa T.: mem. VII. 109 Bishop, M. Priscilla: mem. VII. 109 Butler’s Ferry: XIV. 84. 85 Bisset, Capt. ------: X. 17 Butler, J. Turner: mem. XII. 42 Blake, Sallie E.: mem. VIII. 73 Butler, Col. Robert: XIV. 232, 233 Blakeley, road to: XIV. 189 Buzzard Island, Mound, plan of: XIII. 187 Blount, John, (Indian): XIII. 18; his Cabell, Edward Carrington: XII. 3, 5, reservation on Apalahicola River, 18. 15-16 XIV. 92 Call. Gen. R. K.: XII. 95 Blountstown: XIII. 18 CALL, WILKINSON, SOLDIER AND Blount, Thos. M.: IX 225 SENATOR, Albert Hubbard Roberts: Bloxham, William D.: XII. 187; centen- XII. 95, 179 nial of birth: XIV. 133 Caloosahatchee . . . . and Fort Myers, Blue Snake, Seminole: VII. 92, 93 Florida: Thomas A. Gonzalez: X. Bodiford, J. S.: VII. 109 196 Bogart, Mrs. E. M.: mem. VII. 263; dona- Calvit, M. : mem. VII. 263 tion. 264 Caminho Real (highway): XIV. 74, 75, 77 Bogigian, Hagop: mem. VIII. 73 Camp Fires of the Confederacy, Clarence Bohnenberger, Carl: cor. see. and librarian Smith: VII, 136 Florida Hist. Soc. XI. 143 Camp Moultrie Treaty 1823: VII. 330 Bolivar, Simon, Gen’l: VII. 3 Camp New Hope, map of: IX. 276 Bone Key: VIII. 48 Cannon, E. Finley: mem. VII. 109 Bosanquet, Louis P.: mem. VII. 263 Canso, Gonzalo Menendez: VII. 217, 218 Bourne, G. T.: Centennial of the Uchee Cantonment Brooks (Tampa) road to: Valley Presbyterian Church, 1828-1928 XIV. 143, 181 VII. 259 Cantonment Clinch: XIV. 101, 103, 183 Bowles, William Augustus: IX. 156; let- Capital, location of site: XI. 108 ter, 166; SEIZURE OF WILLIAM Caracas: VII. 3 AUGUSTUS BOWLES: IX. 279: X. Carlton, Lt. Alderman: VIII. 183 67, 73; XI. 33, 36: XIV. 120, 276; Carnegie Institution, donation, Catalogues THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BOWLES’ of Documents in Spanish and Cuban SEIZURE OF PANTON’S APALA- Archives Relating to the United States, CHEE STORE. Lawrence Kinnaird: 22 vols. : VII. 264 IX. 156 Carpetbag Rule in Florida, John Wallace: Boyd, Mark F.: mem. XII. 42; APALA- VIII. 92 CHEE DURING THE BRITISH OC- Carter, Jesse Lee: mem. VIII. 234 CUPATION, XII. 114; A TOPO- Carter, S. G.: mem. VII. 109 GRAPHICAL MEMOIR ON EAST Carter, Sydney L.: in memoriam; VIII. AND WEST FLORIDA, WITH 217 ITINERARIES OF GEN. JACKSON’S Catholic Church, St. Augustine: IX. 117; ARMY, 1818, XIII. 16, 82, 129 THE XIV. 246 FIRST AMERICAN ROAD IN FLOR- Carty, Gen. John J.: X. 202 IDA. XIV. 73, 139 Cash, W. T., address of: X. 199 Brigadier Generals; List of: IX. 255 Cattle range (Rollstown): VII. 121 BRITISH INVASION OF FLORIDA IN Casualties, first of Florida troops, (1861): IX. 250 1788: X. 79 Bronangh, Dr. James C.: XI. 104; Ad- Cawthon, W. S.: mem. VII. 109; donation, dress of, 184 111 Broome, James E.: XII. 17 Cayo Yuesson, Bone Key: VIII. 48 Brosnaham, John: IX. 231 Centennial of the Uchee Valley Presby- Brown, John: XII. 46 terian Church, 1828-1928, G. T. Bourne: Brown, Gov. Thomas: XII. 7 VII. 259 Bruce, F. W., in memoriam: XI. 193 Chandler, William, letter of: VIII. 197 Bryant, Fred T.: mem. VII. 109 Chapel: XIV. 204

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 54 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 Charles, Abbot, ST. FRANCIS BAR- Corpa, Fray Pedro de: VII. 219 RACKS, ST. AUGUSTINE, THE Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, James FRANCISCANS IN FLORIDA: VII. Spencer Bassett: VIII. 127 214 Corse, Carita Doggett: donation, VIII. 128; Charles, John C.: mem. XI. 194 DENYS ROLLE AND ROLLESTOWN, Charleston Courier: VII. 20, 30, 69, 174 VII. 115 Chase. Joshua C. pres. Fla. Hist. Soc.: COTTON, THE MANUFACTURE OF, IN XIV. 222 FLORIDA, BEFORE AND DURING Chase, Wm. H.: IX. 225 THE CIVIL WAR, Dorothy Dodd: CHECK LIST OF EXTANT FLORIDA VIII, 3 NEWSPAPERSI 1845-1876: Elmer J. Courts: Jefferson Co. VII. 143-147: Dade Emig: XI. 77 & Monroe Cos., lack of jurors: VII. Chemonie Plantation, journal of: VII. 165-172 292-329 Cowford: VII. 9; IX. 36: XIV. 79. 93 Cherokee Indians: XII. 26-36 Cox, Capt. Chas. G. XIII: 118 Chief justice, Walker Anderson: XI. 178, Crawford, H. Clay, in memoriam: VIII. 179 217 donation: VII. 111 Chipley, William D.: XII. 186, 193 Crawford, W. B., in memoriam: XI. 193 Chipola River: XIV. 94 Crawford. William H.: VII. 39 Christ Church Parish, Pensacola, Florida, Creek Confederacy: VII. 75 1827-1927, Julia J. Yonge: VII. 259 GREEK NATION, AN ACCOUNT OF: Church: Rollstown, VII. 120, 121, 127, 134; VIII. 156, X. 60 Jefferson Co., VII. 147-153; El Des- Cresap, Mrs. Ida Keeling: mem. VIII. 234 tino Plantation, 197; VII. 220-224; Crow, C. L., EAST FLORIDA SEMINARY, Key West, VIII. 52 MICANOPY: XIV. 193 Churchill, Gen. Sylvester, Sketch of the Crowinshield, B. W.: VII. 42 Life of: VIII. 200 Cruzat, Mrs. Heloise H., in memoriam: CLAIM OF JOHN FORBES & CO. FOR X. 217: donation, records and letters CATTLE KILLED BY THE IN- of Panton, Leslie & Co.: XII. 138 DIANS: XI. 190 Crystal River, Mound at: XIII. 185; Clark, George I. F.: VII. 9, 10, 11 pottery (plate). 183 Clemente, Lino de, Deputy Venezuela: Cubberly, Frederick, v. pres. Fla. Hist. VII. 5 Soc.: IX. 295; president: X. 204: Clinch, Gen’l. -----: VII. 236 donation, VII. 111, VIII. 74, VIII. Clubbs, Occie: mem. XI. 194 204, 206, 235, XI. 42; in memoriam: Caa-euchee: VII. 88, 89 XI. 193 Cohen, M. M., Notices of Florida and the Cunningham, Lester W.: mem. XII. 42 Campaigns: VII. 334 Cunningham, Wm., statement of: IX: Cochrane, Admiral Alex.: X. 52 177-192 Cockrell, Alston: vice-president Fla. Hist. Cushing, Frank Hamilton: XI. 162 Soc., XI. 143; president, XIII; 175 Cole, A. H.: mem. VII. 109 Dabney, Chas. W.: X. 202 Cole, Ruth H., author, donation: IX. 62 Dade County, Florida, (Lack of jurors): Colee, Harold W.: address of, VII. 361; VII. 168-172 an address, VIII. 64-68 Dade Massacre, anniversary of: XIV. 230 College life in the Old South, E. Merton DANIA, A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Coulter: VIII. 125 MY HOME TOWN, Lillian Jordan: Colony, Rolle’s: VII. 115 X. 109 Colson, Barney R.: mem. VII. 109 Daniel, J. J., Historical Sketch of the Colson, J. H.: mem. VII. 109 Church: XI. 115 Comedians, murder of: VIII. 200 Daniel, Col. Robert: VII. 223 Commercial Policy of Spain in the Floridas, Davis, R. W., in memoriam: VIII. 217 Documents Relating to, A. P. Whita- Davis, T. Frederick, treas. Fla. Hist. Soc.: ker: X. 195 VII. 362 donation: VII. 111, 174, VIII. Compte, Louis: Vii. 47 74, IX. 193, XII. 77; The History of Conner, Wilson: Viii. 154, 155 Jacksonville, Florida and Vicinity : Conquistadores: X. 198 VII. 172; JUAN PONCE DE LEON’S Constitution (1816): VII. 9, 137 VOYAGES TO FLORIDA : XIV. l-70 Convent, St. Augustine, 1559: VII. 221-227 ELOTCHAWAY, EAST FLORIDA, Cooper, J. C.: mem. IX. 61 1814: VIII. 143; FORT CAROLINE: COOPERATION OF STATE GOVERN- XII. 77; THE SEMINOLE COUNCIL. MENTS WITH HISTORICAL SOCIE- 1834: VII. 330; UNITED STATES TIES, Harold Colee: VIII. 64-68 TROOPS IN SPANISH EAST FLOR- Coppinger, Jose Spanish Governor: VII. IDA, 1812-1813: IX. 3, 96, 135, 259; 9, 10, 14, 20, 21, 26, 55; XIV. 233 X. 24; ARTHUR TILMAN WIL- Cornells, Alex C.: IX. 88 LIAMS, XI. 45

Published by STARS, 1935 55 Dawe, Grosvenor,Florida author, Historical donation: Quarterly, VIII. Vol.DUVAL, 14 [1935], WILLIAM Iss. 4, Art. 1POPE, PIONEER 74 AND STATE BUILDER, James 0. Knauss: XI. 95; portrait: XI. 94, Dayton, 0. L. mem. IX. 61 marriage. 99; Governor of Florida, Debts due Panton, Leslie & Co.: IX. 86; 100; first message, 103; first legisla- obligation to pay, 87 tive council, 104, 107; death, 139; Deer Point: XIV. 93, 94, 103, 185, 186 message to council, 185; delegate to Dell, George A.: mem. VII. 109 first Constitutional Convention, 130- Democratic convention: XII. 21, 47 134 Democratic Executive Committee, chair- Dykman, Prof. Howard, address: VIII. man of: VII. 137 207 DENYS ROLLE AND ROLLESTOWN A Earl of Shelburne: VII. 122 PIONEER FOR UTOPIA, Carita Dog- Early Churchmen of Florida, George R. gett Corse: VII. 115 Fairbanks: XI. 193 DePass, M. H.: mem. VII. 109 EARLY POEM ON FLORIDA, AN: Edgar Depredations, (1776): X. 139 Legare Pennington and C. S. Northup: VII. 72 Detwiler, John Y. donation: VIII. 74; Early Voyages in America, Virginia His- in memoriam: X. 217 torical Society: XI. 5 Dick, Mrs. A. E., address of: X. 200 East Florida, Republic of: VIII. 145; Discovery of Florida, year of: XI. 14 evacuation of: X. 28-34, XIII. 20-50 District meetings, Florida Historical So- East Florida as a Refuge of Southern ciety: XIV. 281, 282 Loyalists, 1774-1785, Wilbur H. Sie- bert: VII. 259 DOCUMENTS RELATING TO COLONEL East Florida Gazette (1783) : IX. 292 EDWARD NICHOLLS AND CAP- WOODBINE Iii’ EAST FLORIDA IN THE AMERICAN TAIN GEORGE REVOLUTION, 1775-1778, Edgar Le PENSACOLA 1814: X. 51-54 gare Pennington: IX. 24-46 Documents Relating to the Commercial EAST FLORIDA SEMINARY-MICAN- Policy of Spain in the Floridas, Arthur OPY : C. L. Crow: XIV. 193 Preston Whitaker: X. 195 East Florida, Spanish Evacuation of: XIV. Dodd, Dorothy: mem. VIII. 73; THE 242 MANUFACTURE OF COTTON IN Eaton, John, Gov.: XI. 114, 128 FLORIDA BEFORE AND DURING Eaton, Mary Wheeler, in memoriam: VIII. THE CIVIL WAR: XII. 3; THE 217 NEW CITY OF PENSACOLA, 1835- Eberle, Carl George: mem. VII. 109 1837: IX. 224; THE SCHOONER Econfina Natural Bridge: XII. 119, XIV EMPEROR: XIII. 117; THE SECES- 79 SION MOVEMENT IN FLORIDA : Eddins, Mrs. Arthur H.: mem. VIII. 73 VII. 3, 45; EDMUND RUFFIN‘S AC- Edison, Thomas A.: VIII. 210 COUNT OF THE FLORIDA SECES- Editor, Pensacola Gazette, on Highway: SION CONVENTION: XII. 67 XIV. 177 Dodge, John W.: mem. XII. 42 Editor, St. Augustine Herald, on High- Donations: VII. 110, 111, 172, 372, VIII. way: XIV. 178, 180 74, 128, 235, IX. 61, 193, 194 Edmonds, Richard H., in memoriam: IX. 301 Douglas, Stephen A., XIII. 67 EL DESTINO AND CHEMONIE PLAN- Douglas, Mrs. Z. H.: mem. VII. 109 TATIONS, MIDDLE FLORIDA, 1828- Doyle, Edmund: XI. 191 1868. PART 1, DOCUMENTS RE- Drake, Mrs. Trusten P.: mem. XI. 194 LATING TO, Kathryn T. Abbey: Part I. VII. 179: Part II. VII. 291- Drane, H. J., donation: IX. 61 329; Part III, VIII. 3-46; Part IV, Drew, Alice J.: mem. VII. 109; dona- VIII. 79-111 tion, 110 El Destino Plantation, Nuttall, J., James, Drew, Frank: director Fla. Historical So- Wm. B.. owners: VII. 181: Articles ciety: VII. 2; donation, VII. 110; of Agreement concerning the sale of in memoriam: XI. 193 -to Wm. B. Nuttall : VII. 207; Let- Drew, Wm. B., in memoriam: VIII. 217 ter of A. H. Nuttall to Wm. B. Nut- Dueling: XI. 178 tall : VII. 208 Mortgage on Cotton Dunmore, Lord: X. 64, 69 Crop of : VII. 210; Letter of Hector Dunn. Joseph R.: mem. VIII. 234 W. Braden to Mrs. Mary Savage con- DuPont, Alfred I.: mem. XII. 42 cerning death of Wm. B. Nuttall: Durrance, Capt. F. M.: VIII. 184 VII. 211 DuVal, Mrs. : XI. 126, death, 134 Ellis, William H. : mem. VIII. 128 https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 56 287 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 Elmore, Wm. T.: mem. VII. 109 FLORIDA LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIE- ELOTCHAWAY, EAST FLORIDA, 1814, TIES: XII. 200-201 T. Frederick Davis: VIII. 143 FLORIDA INTRIGUES OF JOSE AL- El Telegrafo de las Floridas, Spanish VAREZ DE TOLEDO, Joseph B. newspaper: VII. 48 Lockey: XII. 145 Elton, Capt. John H.: VII. 25, 33 FLORlDA’S MYSTERIOUS PERSONAL- Elvas, Gentleman of, De Soto, Robertson, ITY, Alfred J. Hanna: VIII. 218 reviewed: XII. 89 Florida place-names of Indian origin and Emerson, Ralph Waldo: XI. 127 Seminole personal names, William A. Emig. E. J.: A CHECK LIST OF EXTANT Read: XIII. 111. FLORIDA NEWSPAPERS, 1845-1876 : Florida Plantation Records: VII. 180, 181; XI. 77 VIII. 111 EMPEROR, THE SCHOONER, Dorothy Florida Sentinel: VII. 164, 165 Dodd: XIII. 118 Florida Soldiers, record of: XII. 100 Eneheematla, (Indian Chief) : XIV. 92 Folsom, Moses. donations: VII. 174; VIII. Enig, Clayton E.: mem. XI. 194 74, 128, 235 Episcopal (church) : VIII. 164, XI. 183 FOOT NOTE TO CAPTAIN YOUNG’S Eppes, F., Mayor Tallahassee, Proclama- ITINERARIES, Joseph B. Lockey: tion: VII. 164 XIII. 224 Escambia River, ferry: IX. 68 FORBES REV. JOHN. Edgar Legare Pen- Euchee Valley: XI. 27 nington: VIII. 164 Evacuation of Florida (1783): X. 60-63 Forbes, John: X. 204; letter from Wil- Evans, Rev. Josiah: VII. 147 liam Panton, XIII. 51: letters of and Evans, Lewis A.: mem. VIII. 73 to, XIII. 236; JOURNAL OF: IX. 279 Evans, R. M.: mem. VII. 109 FORBES PURCHASE. THE. A LETTER Everglades: VII, 77, 84-87 OF JAMES INNERARITY: X. 102 FORRESTER, ED WARD, STATEMENT Fairlie, Margaret: mem. VIII. 234 OF: IX. 170 Farming: X. 9, 10, 13, 16; XI. 121 FORRY, LT. SAMUEL, LETTERS OF, Federal Occupation of Forts: IX. 249 1837-1838: VII. 88 Feliu, Gov. ------: X. 5 FORT CAROLINE, T. Frederick Davis: Fennell, Alma: mem. VII. 263 XII. 77; View of: XII. 77; VII. 161 Fernandina, map of: VII. 10; Articles Fort Dade: VII. 102 of capitulation, VII. 13; martial law. Fort Gibson Treaty, 1833: VII. 333 VII. 37 Fort King: VIII. 205, 212 Ferries: XIV. 95 Fort Lane: VII. 98. 101 Findley, R.: VII, 24 FORT MARION DURING THE SEMI- Finegan, Gen. Joseph: IX. 203 NOLE WAR, 1835-1842, Rogers W. FIRST AMERICAN ROAD IN FLORIDA, Young: XIII. 193 Mark F. Boyd: XIV. 73, 139 Fort Meade: VIII. 183, 186, 187 First Florida Constitutional Convention: Fort Peyton: VII. 88, 90 XI. 131, 133 Fort Pierce: VII. 98 Firth, C. H.: VII. 72 Fort San Carlos: VII. 12, 13 Fisher, ------, author, donation: VIII. Fort San Marcos: XIV. 231, 247 235 Fort San Nicholas: VII. 19 Flag: VII. 14, 18, 25, 32, 33, 76, 90; Fort St. Marks, description of: XII. 114 IX. 163: XII. 46: XIV. 134. 241 Fort Taylor: VII. 96, 98, 101, 102 Fleming, C. Seton: director, Fla. Hist. Foster, J. Clifford R., in memoriam: VII. Soc.: X. 166 Fleming, F. P.: mem. IX. 61 Fountain of Youth Myth: XI. 5 Fleming, Gov. Francis P.: XII. 189 Fowler, J. R.: mem. VII. 109 Fleming, Mrs. Francis P. Sr., in memor- Fowl Town: XIII. 85 iam: XI. 193 FRANCE VERSUS SPAIN IN FLORIDA, Fleming, Mary Theodore: mem. IX. 193 1562-1564, Donald Jaegar: VIII. 69 Fletcher, Duncan U. donation: VII. 111, Franciscans: VII. 216, 221, 225; depar- 264; VIII. 74; 235; IX.. 61 ture of: VII. 226 Florida, English occupation of: VII. 224; Franklin, State of: IX. 178 slavery in, X. 3 Friedman, Kenneth: mem. XI. 194 Florida Conference: XIV. 193 French in Florida: XI. 25 Florida, earliest known poem on: VII. Fugitives: X. 3, 5, 20. 72-74 Fugitive Slave Law: XI. 179, XII. 10, 13 FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AN- Fur trade: IX. 93 NUAL MEETING OF: VII. 357; VIII. 204; IX. 290; X. 197; XI. 142; XII. Gadsden, Col. James : VII. 331, 350; XI. 135; XIII. 173; XIV. 221 109

Published by STARS, 1935 57 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14 [1935], Iss. 4, Art. 1 Gaines. Gen. ------: VII. 54 Hanna, Alfred J.: director Fla. Hist. Soc. Gaines road: XIV. 84 VII. 2; v. pres. XIII. 175; FLORIDA’S Gale, Albert: VII. 115 MYSTERIOUS PERSONALITY, VIII. Galveston Island: VII. 31, 32 218 Gamble. John G. VII. 141: XII. 5: XIII. 4 Hardee, Cary A. donation: IX. 61 Gamble, Robert: VII. 141 Harper's Magazine (1859) Wrecking at Gardner, Rev. Brevet Major John L.: VII. 97, 101 Key West: VIII. 47 Gary, W. T.: mem. VIII. 234 Harris, Frank E., XII. 192 Gaul Pedro, Deputy New Granada: VII. 5 Harris, Gen. B.: VIII. 145 Genealogical Notes on the Family of Mays Harrison plantation: VII. 27 and Reminiscences of the War be- Hartridge, John E., donations: VII. 174; tween the States: VIII. 126 in memoriam VIII. 217 Genius, Mrs. Richard M., in memoriam: Harvey, P. W.: mem. VIII. 73 VIII. 217 Haughton, H. M.: mem. VIII. 234 Germain, Lord: IX. 29, 39, 46 Hawkins and Drake, Edward Everett Hale: Geronimo de Ore: VII. 222 X. 101 Gibbons, Fred H.: mem. XI. 194 Hawkins, Benjamin: XI. 33 Gibbs, George C., address of: IX. 291 Hawkins, Col. (Indian Agent) old home: Glicksberg, Charles I., LETTERS OF WIL- IX. 72, 76, 78 LIAM CULLEN BRYANT FROM HAWKINS, SIR JOHN. IN FLORIDA, FLORIDA : XIV. 255 Edgar Legare Pennington: X. 86 Glass, A. Martin: mem. VII. 110 Hawkins, Wm.: X. 86, 87, 95 Gonzalez, Thomas A.: The Caloosahatchee Heath, John D.: VII. 18, 22 ...and Fort Myers: X. 195 Henderson, R. A. Jr.: mem. XII. 42 Gower, Jennie: mem. VII. 110 Hendry: William T.: mem. VII. 263 Grady, H. L., author, donation: IX. 61 Henley, J. D.: VII. 42, 50, 52 Graham, George: VII. 41 Herald, The Sunday Morning’s, and Volun- Graham, Lee: mem. VII. 110 teer’s Gazette, Fort Marion: XIII. 198 Grant, Gov. James, NOTES ON TEE LIFE Hernandez, Gen. ------: VII. 88, 94 OF GOVERNOR JAMES GRANT: Herrera, Antonia de: XI. 6 VIII. 112, VII. 122; X. 7; JOURNAL Herrera, Manuel de: VII. 31 OF LT. COL. JAMES GRANT, 1761: Hickory Ground: IX. 80 XII. 25: Letters of. to Lord Shel- Hicks, Joe: VII. 88 burne, X. 12, 21; XII. 25 Hicks, John: XI. 112 Grant, Sir Alexander: X. 14 Hiers, B. D.: mem. VII. 110 Grey, Rev. Horatio N.: XI. 115 Highlanders: X. 14; at Apalachicola, X. Greeks: X. 18 135 Green Cove Springs: XIV. 258 Historia de los Hechos de los Castellanos, Greenslade, Marie Taylor, JOHN INNER- Herrera: XI. 6 ARITY: IX. 90; WILLIAM PANTON: Historical Sketch of the Church, J. J. XIV. 107 Daniel: XI. 115 “Green Cross of Florida” Flag: VII. 14, 67 History of Jacksonville and Vicinity, T. Gregory, Walter: IX. 225 Frederick Davis: X. 208 Grenville. Lord George: X. 18 History of Methodism in Pensacola, Flor- Gribbel, Mrs. John: mem. VII. 109 ida. Its rise and Progress, F. W. Griffin, Mrs. S. S.: mem. VII. 110 Hoskins: VIII. 126 Grimm, C. G.: mem. IX. 193 Hocker, Fred R.: mem. VIII. 73 Grinnell, George Bird: mem. VII. 173 Hocker, H. R.: mem. VIII. 234 Groover, Frank C.: mem. IX. 61 Hocker, Mrs. Wm.: mem. VIII. 234 Groover, Frank C. Mrs.: mem. IX. 61 Holbrook, Mrs. J. P.: mem. VIII. 73 Guale, peninsular of: VII. 217 Holland, John W.: mem. IX. 61 Gulf States Historical Magazine: XI. 107 Holland, Spessard L.: mem. XI. 194; di- Gwinnett, Button: IX. 37 rector Fla. Hist. Soc. XIV. 224 Haigo, Eufau (Indian): XI. 33 Hollingsworth, map of: IX. 276 Haile, Mrs. Evans: mem. IX. 61 Holmes, S. L.: VII. 52 Hakluyt: X. 94 Holt, A. J.: VII. 82 Hall, M. Lewis: mem. VII. 263 Holt, Mrs. Francis M.: IX. 293 Hambly, William: XIII. 18, 20; trading Holt, Hamilton: VII. 261; address of: house, 34 x. 197 Hampton, B. Frank: VII. 109, VIII. 217 Homestead Public Library: mem. VII. Hampton, E. B.: mem. VII. 110 110 Hampton, Fred J.: mem. VII. 110 HORGER, D. F., LETTERS OF, TO Hampton, Wade W., in memoriam: VII. GEORGE NOBLE JONES & WAL- 371 LACE SAVAGE JONES, 1865-1871: Hampton, W. F.: mem. VII. 110 VIII. 87-98

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 58 Horseback: XIV. 149 Jacksonville Historical Society: XII. 200, Hoskins, F. W. HistorySociety: of FloridaMethodism Historical in Quarterly,XIII. 182Vol. 14, Issue 4 Pensacola, Florida: VIII. 126; mem. Jacksonville Florida, The History of, and 227 Vicinity, T. Frederick Davis: VII. 172 Howell, Harry B.: mem. VII. 263 James, Joseph B., EDMUND KIRBY HOW THE SPANIARDS EVACUATED SMITH’S BOYHOOD IN FLORIDA: PENSACOLA IN 1763, Wilbur H. Sie- XIV. 244 bert: XI. 48 JEAN RIBAUT. HIS PERSONALITY Hoyt, Charles A. donation: IX. 193 AND ACHIEVEMENTS, Kenneth Cur- Hoyt, Fred Willis, memorial to: VII. ry: VII. 159 262; report of: VII. 370; in memor- Jefferson County, Fla., Samuel Pasco, iam: VII. 371 Clerk of: VII. 136, 137; Early set- Hrdlicka, Ales: XI. 155, 162 tlers in: VII. 140-143; churches of: Hubbard, Ruggles: VII. 24, 30, 35 147; education in: VII. 153; courts Huguenots: VII. 159-163 of: VII. 143-147 Hugh Embry Memorial Library, Dade JEFFERSON COUNTY, FLORIDA, (1827- City: mem. VIII. 73 1910), Samuel Pasco: VII. 139, 234 Huie, Margaret: mem. VII. 130 Jeffreys, Linwood: mem. VII. 263, dona- Hulse, Isaac: IX. 94, 95 tion. IX. 193 Humphreys, Col. Gad.: VII. 234. VIII. 205 Jennings, Mrs. Frank E.: XIV. 281; di- Hurricane, Key West: VIII. 61 rector Fla. Hist. Soc.: XIV. 224 Imeson, T. C., author, donation: VII. 110 Jerry, Rev. John L.: VII. 147 Impending Crisis of the South, Helper: Jessup, Gen. ------: VII. 88 XII. 46 JOHN FORBES & CO., SUCCESSORS TO Index, Vols. I-VI. (inclusive): VII. 265 PANTON LESLIE & CO., VS. THE INDIAN BURIAL SITE AT CRYSTAL CHICHASAW NATION, A Journal of RIVER, FLORIDA: F. A. Rainey: an Indian talk, Chichasaw Nation, XIII. 185 July, 1805 VIII. 131-142: THE CREEK Indians, habits and customs: X. 91; Tal- NATION DEBTOR TO JOHN FOR- lapoosa: XI. 52, XIII. 82; Uchees: BES & CO., A JOURNAL OF JOHN XIII. 85; customs-manners. 89; trade, INNERARITY, 1812: IX. 67 91, 99; negro, 100; agriculture, 101 JOHN HAWKINS IN FLORIDA, Edgar Indian Congress, Pensacola: X. 65 Legare Pennington: X. 86 Indian depredations: VII. 102-104, 243, John Jumper, (Seminole): VII. 82, 83 244; VIII. 179, 188, 197, 200: XIV. Johnson, W. C.: mem. VII. 263 251 Jones, George Noble, El Destino and Che- INDIAN MURDERS: VIII. 200 monie Plantations: VII. 187; food Indigo: X. 12, 13, 16, 17, 21 and health, VII. 191-195; discipline, In memoriam: VII. 262, 371; VIII. 217; VII. 195-197; mills, 197; deed of sale, IX. 301; X. 217; X I. 41, 193 XII. 202 ; 202-204; establishment, 205; list of VIII. 179-181 negroes, 206; INNERARITY, JAMES, LETTER OF, ON Jones. Rev. Lewis: X. 4 PANTON’S ESTATE: X. 185; IX: 94; Jones, Sam, (Seminole): VII. 94 Letters of: X. 102, XII. 123; Jordan, Lillian; A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF MY HOME TOWN, DANIA: X. INNERARITY, JOHN, Marie Taylor Greenslade: IX. 90, 95. 127; X. 53; 109 XII. 37-41. 86; portrait: X. 90 JOURNAL OF LT. COL. JAMES GRANT, INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY IN THE COMMANDING ON EXPEDITION CREEK COUNTRY. PART I. THE AGAINST THE CHEROKEE IN- ASCENDENCY OF ALEXANDER Mc- DIANS, JUNE-JULY, 1761: XII. 25 GILLIVRAY, 1783-1789, Lawrence JOURNAL OF JOHN FORBES, MAY, Kinnaird: X. 59 1803, Seizure of William Augustus Inter-state Commerce Commission: XII. Bowles: IX. 279 183 JUAN PONCE DE LEON’S VOYAGES TO Irving Bacheller, contest: VII. 260 FLORIDA, T. Frederick Davis: XIV. Irving, Washington, The Early Experiences 3-70: preface, 5; records, 8; patent, of Ralph Ringwood: XI. 97 9, 53; source of authority, 15, 59, 61, Irwin, Jared: VII. 22, 25, 26 62; Herrera’s account, 16; purpose of voyage, 25; maps, 26, 35, 43; dis- Jackson, Gen. A., letters of, to J. In- covery of Florida, 27; first landing, nerarity: X. 133-4; Seminole cam- 34; no priests, 37; why named, 38; paign: XIII. 20 route, XIII. 129; Bimini named, 45; first Florida maps of, 137, 153; XIV. 232; Cor- names, 48; second voyage, 51; letters respondence of Andrew Jackson, Bas- of, 57; priests on second voyage, 60, sett (Ed): XIV. 232 64; chronology of, 65, 66; index, 67-70 Jacksonville: XIV. 272, 261 Jumper (Indian): VII. 339, 334

Published by STARS, 1935 59 Kansas-Nebraska Bill: XII. 19 LETTERS OF JOHN INNERARITY Keen, J. V.: mem.Florida XII. Historical 42 Quarterly, Vol. 14AND [1935], A. Iss.H. 4,GORDON: Art. 1 XII. 37-41 Kelley. Mrs. Josephine: mem. VII. 110 LETTERS OF JOHN INNERARITY Keemper, C. G., in memoriam: VIII. 217 (to James Innerarity): IX. 127; seizure of Pensacola by Gen. Jackson, Kenney, Rev. Michael: mem. XI. 194; 1814; IX. 127 The Romance of the Floridas (re- LETTER OF MARCUS CICERO STEPH- viewed) XIV. 228 ENS from Quincy, Florida, October Kerr. Henry. AN EARLY NINETEENTH 13, 1835: VIII. 120 CENTURY TRAVELER IN PENSA- LETTERS OF SAMUEL FORRY, SUR- COLA: X. 162 GEON U. S. ARMY 1837-1838, St. KEY WEST AND SALVAGE IN 1859: Augustine: VII. 88 VIII. 47 LETTERS OF WILLIAM CULLEN BRY- Key West, the Old and the New. Jeffer- ANT FROM FLORIDA, Charles I. son B. Browne: VII. 47; XI. 28 Glicksberg: XIV. 255 Kindelan, Gov. Don Sebastian, Proclama- Levett, Francis: X. 22 tion of: X. 26 Levy, David: XII. 3 Kinnaird, Lawrence. THE SIGNIFICANCE Ley, Rev. J. C.: XIV. 214, 215 OF BOWLER’S SEIZURE OF PAN- Library, The University of Michigan: TON’S APALACHEE STORE IN mem. IX. 61 1792: IX. 156: THE ASCENDENCY Life and Labor in the Old South, Ulrich OF ALEXANDER McGILLIVRAY: X. B. Phillips: VIII. 125 59 Life and Letters of Washington Irving, Kingsley. Zephaniah: VII. 9 Pierre M. Irving: XI. 97 King’s highway: VII. 9, XIV. 141, 145, Lighthouses, Key West: VIII. 59, XIV. 156, 189, 190 252 Kinloch, Francis: X. 11 Limbaugh, Christian: IX. 88 Kirby-Smith. J. Lee: mem. VIII. 73 Lindsey, Mrs. B. H.. Sr.: mem. VII. 263 Knauss, James 0. VII. 180: WILLIAM Live Oak: XIV. 265 POPE DvVAL. PIONEER AND Live Oak Plantation: XI. 182 STATE BUILDER: XI. 95 Lochaway Tribes, expedition against: IX. Knight. Peter 0.: v.-pres. Fla. Hist. Soc.: 271 XII. 2 Lockey, Joseph B.: THE FLORIDA IN- Knight. Floyd L.: mem. VII. 110 TRIGUES OF JOSE ALVAREZ DE Know-Nothing Convention: XII. 21 TOLEDO, XII. 145; FOOTNOTE TO Kooker, T. Hurd: VII. 69 CAPT. YOUNG’S ITINERARIES, Koonce, J. C. B., author, donation: VII. XIII. 224 Long. Elizabeth V., in memoriam: IX. 301 Krome, W. J., in memoriam: VIII. 217 Lonn, Ella, THE IMPORTANCE OF FED- ERAL NAVAL RAIDS ON SALT- Lafayette, Gen’l -----. land grant to: MAKING IN FLORIDA: X. 167 VII. 185; Lafayette grant in Louisiana, Lovera, Senora Josefa: VII. 3 X. 117: Florida grant, X. 123. XI. Louisiana, Cession of: XIII. 105 138: THE STORY OF THE LAFAY- Loyalist: X. 59, 60. 61, 73; XI. 26 ETTE LANDS IN FLORIDA, Kath- Loyalists in East Florida, 1774-1785, Wil- ryn T. Abbey, X. 115 bur Henry Siebert: IX. 58 Lake Worth Public Library: mem. XI. 194 Luna Papers, The, Herbert I. Priestley: Land grants, Forbes: X. 189, 190 VII. 260 Landis. Cary D.: mem. IX. 61 Lynch’s Law: VII. 10 Lane, Edward W.: mem. IX. 61 Lynch, ------, Capt.: VII. 25 Laudonniere: XII. 77; X. 90, 94. 96-100 Lawson, Mrs. E. W.: mem. XI. 194 MacIntire, John J.: mem. VIII. 73 Leake, James M. address of.: VII. 359 McCall, Virginia: X 200 Leffler, Cornelia: mem. VII. 110 McCollum, J. W.: mem. VII. 110 Legend, white, red, black men: XI. 115 McCollum, Mrs. J. W.: mem. VII. 110 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, THE FIRST McCreary, Elmer: mem. VII. 110 SESSION OF, FLORIDA, AT PENSA- McGillivray, Alexander: IX. 156, X. 64, COLA: XI. 184 65, 66, 67, 77, X. 187, 193, XIV. 114 L’Engle. Camillus S.: mem. IX. 61 119 Leon de, Rev. Josef: X. 3 McGILLIVRAY, DANIEL, LETTER OF, Lerch, Alice H.: IX. 292 TO WM. PANTON, RESPECTING Leslie, John: heirs of, X. 194; letters of, WM. AUGUSTUS BOWLES: XI. 36 XII. 198; letters to J. Forbes, XIII. McGregor, Gregor, portrait: VII. 2; first 105 record of. in U. S.: VII. 4. 65. 68 LETTERS OF JAMES INNERARITY. MCGREGOR’S INVASION OF FLORIDA, THE WAR OF 1812: X. 134 1817, T. Frederick Davis: VII. 3-71 https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 60 291

McIntosh, John H.: Society:VII. 39. Florida IX. 4 Historical MissionaryQuarterly, Vol. Ridge. 14, IssueSamuel 4 Pasco: VII. 136 McIntosh, McQueen: XII. 61 Missouri Compromise: XII. 9 McIntosh, Wm.: IX. 88 Mitchell, A. J.: director Fla. Hist. Soc. McIntyre, W. Irwin, in memoriam: VIII. 217 XIV. 2: VIII. 234; donation, IX. 61 Mitchell, Gov. D. B., letters of: IX. 11-18; McKay, John L.: mem. VII. 110 IX. 135, 263 McKay, Mrs. M. F.: mem; VIII. 234 Mitchell, Mrs. J. F.: mem. IX. 61 McKay, Mrs. -----: X. 203 Mizell, Everett, donation: IX. 193 McKay, W. I.: mem. XII. 42 Mobile, Occupation of, 1813: XI. 88 McKinsey, M.: IX. 89 Mohr, Abbott Charles H. O. S. B.: mem. McReady, Stephen: mem. VIII. 234 VII. 173, donations, VII. 174, VIII. 74; McTimmons, W. J.: mem. VII. 173 in memoriam X. 217 Mabry, Capt. Dale: VIII. 127 Montgomery and Pensacola Railroad: XI. MacKaye Percy, address of: VII. 360 180 Macuardo, Juan Ferro: VII. 222 Monastery: VII. 222 MAD DOG, (Indian Chief) TALK FROM: Moncrief, Col. James: X. 12 XIII. 165 Monks: VII. 220 Maddox, H.: mem. VII. 263 Monroe County, Florida (Lack of jurors): Major generals: IX. 255 VII. 168-172 Mallory, Stephen R.: VII;. 14, 57 address of, Monroe. James, to Luis de Onis, Spanish XII. 64, XIV. 252 Minister to U. S.: VII. 56-64: message to Congress: VII. 63 Mallory, Mrs. (Mother of S. R. Mallory): VIII. 57 Montiano, Gov. ------: X. 3, 4, Monticello. Fla.: VII. 139; named for, Manrique, Don Gonzalez: X. 52 VII. 247 Manuel’s Cowpen (Manuel Gonzalez): IX. 67 Monuments: XIV. 134 Moore, Clarence B.: XI. 165-170; XIII. Marques, Pedro Menendez: XI 12 Marquess of Lansdowne, Village of Rolle: Moore, Gov. -----, Invasion of Flor- VII. 134 ida: VII. 223 Marron, Fray Francisco: VII. 217 Moore-Willson, Minnie: VII. 75, 111, 155 Marron, Joseph F.: director Fla. Hist. Soc. XII. 2 “Moosa” or Negro Fort (near St. Augus tine): X. 3, 5 Martin, E. H.: mem VIII 128 Morales, Francisco: VII. 13 Martin, John W. donation: IX. 61 Moreno, Francisco: TX. 225 Martyr, Peter: XI. 5 Morton, Jackson: XII. 3, 4, 61 Marvin, William: XII. 103 Mosquito: VII. 20 Masonry in Florida: VII. 137, 138 Mosquito Inlet: X. 15, 17, 19 Mather & Strother: IX. 158 Moultrie Creek treaty: XI. 109, 110, 115 Mathews, General George: VII. 8, VIII. Moultrie, Dr. John: X. 15 143, 144 Moultrie, James: X. 10 Mays, Samuel E., in memoriam: X. 217 Mounds. Indian: VII. 98, 99; bibliography Meader, R. D.: mem. VIII. 73; donation, on explorations, XT. 171 IX. 61 Murat, Prince Achille: VII. 141; attorney, Megibben, Katherine: mem. VIII. 128 145, XI. 126 Membership roll of Florida Historical Murray grant, The: VIII. 188, 193 Society: VIII. 222, X. 210; XIII. 56; MUSIC OF THE SEMINOLES, address, Members admitted 1935: XIV. 228 Mrs. Minnie Moore-Willson: VII. 155; Menendez, Pedro: VII. 214, XII. 79 Music, illustration of: 156, 157 Mercury, Newport, R. I.: VII. 65 Mutineers: (Turnbull’s colony): X. 18, 19 Micanopy (Indian): VII. 340, 344, 349; Myers, Mrs. Fred T., in memoriam: X. 217 city, XIV. 193 My Pioneer Days in Florida, 1876-1898, Mico, Holata (Indian): VII. 340, 342 Emily L. Bell: VII. 172 Miller, Alfred: mem. VII. 263 Miller, Bonnamy & Co. (traders): IX. 158, Narrative of a Voyage to the Spanish Main 161; X. 67, 73, 75, 79-85 in the Ship Two Friends: VII. 69 Miller’s (boat); IX. 68; witness, 88 Nassau, Creek village: X. 64, 68, 73, 74 Miller, Peter H.: mem. VIII. 73 National Guard of Florida: IX. 255-258 Miller, R. Beatrice: mem. VIII. 73 National Intelligencer: VII. 38 Mills, El Destino: VIII. 3-96; journal Natural Bridge, Battle of: XII. 102 of: VIII. 24-46 Neamathla (Indian): XI. 111 Milton, W. H., donation: IX 61 Negro Fort: XII. 37, 128 Minorcans: X. 18 Neilson, Alf R. mem: VIII. 73 Miranda, ------Gen’l: VII. 3 NEW CITY OF PENSACOLA, THE, 1835- Miro, Gov. ------: X. 65, 69, 75 1837, Dorothy Dodd: IX. 224

Published by STARS, 1935 61 New Granada:Florida VII. 5, Historical14, 15, 18 Quarterly, Vol.Osceola: 14 [1935], VII. Iss. 82. 4, 95, Art. 101, 1 335, 349 New Jersey Historical Society, donation: Ott, Mrs. R. V. director Fla. Hist. Soc. IX. 193 VII. 210 New members : VII, 109, 110, 173, 263, 372; Owen, E. P., Jr. donation: VIII. 74 VIII. 73, 128, 234; IX. 61, 193 New Smyrna: VIII. 188. 193; X. 19; XI. 25 Palatines: X. 14 NEWSPAPERS, A CHECK LIST OF EX- Palmer, Henry E. mem. VIII. 73 TANT FLORIDA, 18415-1876; Elmer J. Palmer, Sarah R. W.. donation: VIII. 235 Emig; XI. 77 Palmetto, dwarf : XIV. 267; hat braid, New York University Press, donation: IX. 267, 268, 271 194 Panton, Leslie & Co.: IX. 156, X. 64, 66, Newnan’s Battle Ground, map: IX. 150 67, 74, X. 135; heirs, X. 137; cession Newnansville: VII. 102 of land, X. 187, 188: Papers of, XII. Nichols, Col. Edward: IX. 127-129; X. 53; 198. XIII. 51 DOCUMENTS RELATING TO COL. Panton Leslie Papers: XII. 198; XIII. 51, EDWARD NICHOLS AND CAPT. 105, 165; XIII. 236; XIV. 130, 217. 275 GEORGE WOODBINE IN PENSA- Panton’s store: IX. 45, 156 COLA, 1814,: X. 51 Panton, William: Estate of, X. 185, 193; Niles’ Weekly Register: VII. 38. 69: (Re- liquidation of, 194; heirs of, X. 191, printed, Vol. XXIII. pp. 23-25), XI. Xl. 35; letter to John Forbes, XIII. 51, 184 XIV. 217; early life, XIV. 107; part- Nixon, Charles A.: mem. VII. 263 ners, 108; McGillivray, 114; Bowles, Noah and the Ark: XIV. 266 120; claims, 122; death, 125; will, 128; North Carolina Historical Society, dona- letter to Gov. Folch, XIV. 130; letter tion: VIII. 235 to John Forbes, XIV. 275 WILLIAM Northern Division of East Florida: VII. PANTON, Marie Taylor Greenslade, 8. 10. 11. 27 XIV. 107 Northup, Clark Sutherland, AN EARLY Pargo, Fray Francisco: VII. 220 POEM ON FLORIDA: VII. 72 Parker, Col. -----: VII. 25 Notes on the Life and Works of Bernard Parkhill, Col. Samuel: VII. 237 Romans, P. Lee Phillips: IX. 55 Parrish, J. 0.: mem. VII. 110; donation, NOTES ON THE LIFE OF JAMES IX. 194 GRANT PRIOR AND SUBSEQUENT Parrish, Mrs. M. M.: mem. VII. 110 TO HIS GOVERNORSHIP OF EAST PASCO, SAMUEL, 1834-1917: VII. 135; FLORIDA, Philip C. Tucker: VIII. portrait. 134 ; mason, 138; JEFFER- 112-119 SON COUNTY: FLORIDA: VII. 139, Notices of Florida and the Campaigns, M. Patriots:234 IX. 100, 108, 111, 268 M. Cohen: VII. 334 Patriots invasion: VII. 8. 20. VIII. 143. Oberdorfer, Eugene, in memoriam: X. 217 IX. 4, 37 Observations Upon the Floridas, Vignoles: Payne’s Landing, Treats of 1832: VII. 332 VIII. 47 Peabody Fund: XIV. 266 Ocala: VIII. 204; XIV. 193, 270, 271 Pendelton, Kent: mem. VIII. 128 Ocala Banner: XII. 192 Peninsula resources: X. 92, 93; tobacco, Ocala Chapter, Daughters of the American 93; wild life, 93 Revolution: mem. VII. 172 Pennington, Edgar Legare, AN EARLY Ocean Pond, map of battlefield: IX. 199 POEM ON FLORIDA: VII. 72; do- Ochee-chubee: VII. 96, 98 nation, 111; SIR JOHN HAWKINS Ocheesee: XIV. 84. 93 IN FLORIDA: X. 86; EAST FLOR- Ohio Archeological and Historical Society, IDA IN THE AMERICAN REVOLU- donation: VIII. 74 TION, 1775-1778, IX. 24; REV. JOHN O’Kelley, E. B.: mem. XI. 194 FORBES. VIII. 164 Oldham, Cecil R., address of: IX. 291 Pensacola, Seizure of by Gen.A. Jackson, OLUSTEE, BATTLE OF, George F. Balt- Nov. 7, 1814: IX. 127-130: bank of, IX. zell: IX. 199; XII. 101 234; evacuation of, XI. 48; popula- O’Neill, Gov.: X. 65, 72 tion of, XI, 50; land speculators in, Onis, Luis de, to James Monroe, President: XII. 86; THE NEW CITY OF PEN- VII. 56-64, X. 25 SACOLA, 1835-1837. Dorothy Dodd: Order of Council (British): XIV. 277 IX. 224 Ordinance of Secession: XII. 61, 62 Pensacola Association: TX. 233, 234 Organization of Salt Makers: X. 181 Pensacola Historical Society: XII. 200, Origin, Progress and Conclusion of the XIV. 134 Florida War, Sprague: VIII. 200 PENSACOLA. HOW THE SPANIARDS ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF INDIAN EVACUATED, IN 1763, Wilbur H. ATTACKS IN FLORIDA: VIII. 179 Siebert: XI. 48

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 62 293 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 Pensacola Land Co.: IX. 233, 235, 237, 239 Public Record Office London, Letters Pensacola-St. Augustine Highway: XL from, concerning Denys Rolle: VII. 118, XIV. 73, 83 ; estimated cost of, 97 ; 122 map of, 72, 138; authority for, 74, XIV. Public works: X. 11 139, 184 Punta Rasa: XI. 52 Perdido River: VII. 24 Perry, Gov. Madison S.: XII. 45, 50, 54, 59 Racial chart: XI. 31 Perryman, Tom: X. 102 RACIAL STRAINS IN FLORIDA. Rhea M. Smith: XI. 16 Perryman, Wm.: IX. 167 Raney, George P.: director Fla. Hist. Soc. Petition to Congress, District of Elotcha- IX. 295: XIV. 224 way: VIII. 150 Ranson, Robert, donation: VIII. 74; mem. Phifer, J. A.: men. VII. 110 XI. 194 PHILIP KEYES YONGE, 1850-1934, Oc- Rainey, F. G., AN INDIAN BURIAL cie Clubbs, biographical sketch: XIII. SITE AT CRYSTAL RIVER, FLOR- 167-172 IDA: XIII. 185 Philips, Maggie B.: mem. VII. 110 Ray, W. Carl: mem. VIII. 234 Philips, R. L.: mem. VII., 110 Read, Opie, address of: X. 203 Picolata: VII. 101; XII. 121; XIV. 93; Read, William A., Florida place-names of X. 255 Indian origin, and Seminole personal Pigeon River: IX. 70 names: XIII. 111 Pinckney, Gen’l Thomas: X. 24 Rebels, (Am. Revolution): IX. 25-46 Reconstruction: VII. 252-256, XIV, 257 Pinckney’s Treaty, Samuel Flagg Bemis: Reed, Davenport: mem. VII. 173 X. 59 Refugees (Spanish-1763), list of: XI. 54 Pine Barren Creek: IX. 68 Reid, Robert Raymond: XI. 131, XII. 4 Piracy “Challenge”.: VII. 20, 22, 24, 25, Religion: VII. 97, 197, 2l4, 217, X. 3, 88, 26, 31, 32 XI. 52 Pirates of the Florida Coast, Ruthjeanne Religion, (Seminoles): VII. 77 Bellamy: VII. 159 Republican party: XII. 45 Pirates of the Florida Coast, Nellie Ken- Republic of East Florida: VIII. 145-153 nedy: VII. 159 Republic of Florida: VII. 10, 46, 48 Pittman, Lt. R. E., reports of: XII. 114 Revolution, Am.: IX. 24 Plank road: XL 182 Reynolds, Mrs. W. N.: mem. VIII. 234 Plowden, Jean, donation: IX. 62 . Ribaut, Jean.: VII. 159-163, X. 89, 201, Poem “Rose in a Green Forest”: VII. XII. 77 72; X. 89 Richardson, Ella Winslow: mem. VII. 173 Pohlkamp, Rev. Diomede: mem. XI. 194 Right of sanctuary: VII. 223 Ponce de Leon: XI. 5; voyage, 7, dis- Ringwood, Ralph, The Early Experiences covery, map of, XI. 172; JUAN PONCE of, Washington Irving: XI. 97 DE LEON’S VOYAGES TO FLOR- River of May: VII. 160, 162, X. 94 IDA, T. Frederick Davis: XIV. l-70 Roads, first public: XI. 118 Pope, Paul M. mem. VIII. 73 ROAD, FIRST AMERICAN, IN FLORIDA, Porcher, E. P.: VII. 263 Mark F. Boyd: XIV. 73, 139 Porter, Emma Rochelle: VIII. 210; asst. Roberson, Jonathan, letters of, to George ed. Fla. Hist. Soc. Quarterly VII. 1; Noble Jones: VIII. 9-24; journal of, director Fla. Hist. Soc. XI. 143 El Destino mills: 24-46 Posey, Col. Thornton: VII. 13, 22, 25 Robert E. Lee High School: mem. VII. 173 (Potter, Woodburn) The War in Florida: Roberts, Albert H.: director, Florida Hist. VII. 334 Soc.: X. 2; treas. XIV. 222; WILKIN- Pound, C. A.: VII. 110 SON CALL, SOLDIER AND SENA- Powell (Seminole): VII. 88, 90, 94 TOR: XII. 95, 179 Powers, Harris: mem: .I.X. 61 Robertson, Lt. Col. James A.: X. 6 Powers, Rose Mills: VIII. I. 208 Robertson, James A.: director Fla. Hist. Preston, J. E.: mem. VII. 263 Soc.: XI. 143; THE ARCHIVAL DIS- Priestley, Herbert I., The Luna Papers: TRIBUTION OF FLORIDA MANU- VII. 260 SCRIPTS: X. 35; Trans, Gent. of Principal Navigations vages Traffiques Elvas: XII. 89 and Discoveries of English Nation, Robinson, Corrine: mem. VIII. 128 Richard Hakluyt: Robinson, Jeremy: XIII. 224; letters to Pritchard, Myron T.: m Edward Livingston, 227 Privateer: X. 87, 89, Robineau, S. Pierre: mem. VII. 263 Prize cargoes: XII. 43 Rogers, Mrs. Henry: mem. VII. 110 Protestant settlers: X. 14 Rolle, Denys: VII. 115, 121, 122, X. 8 Proxies: VII. 358 Rollins College: VII. 261

Published by STARS, 1935 63 Rollstown, map of: VII. 119 Seminoles: music of, VII. 81-84, 155-158; Rooty Creek: FloridaIX. 69 Historical Quarterly, Vol.war, 14 [1935], VII. 234; Iss. 4, council; Art. 1 VII. 330-350; Romance of the Floridas, Michael Kenny treaty, VII. 330-350; X. 110; XL 109; (reviewed): XIV, 228 origin of, XI. 157 Jackson’ campaign Rorabeck, Miss E. M.: mem. VIII. 73 vs.: XIII. 20; route, XIII; 129; maps of, 137, 152; The Seminoles of Florida, Rouse, Capt. ------: VII. 25 Minnie Moore-Wilson: VII. 261 Royal Domain, boats of: VII. 19 SEMINOLE ATTACKS NEAR NEW Royalist refugees: X. 149-151 SMYRNA, 1835-1856, Jane Murray Royal Road (highway): XIV. 75; nine Sheldon: VIII. 188 settlements on: 75 SEMINOLE COUNCIL, THE, OCTOBER Royall, J. B.: mem. VII. 110 23-25. 1834. T. Frederick Davis: VII. Ruffin, Edmund: XII. 59, 67; EDMUND 330, 350 RUFFIN’S ACCOUNT OF THE FLORIDA SECESSION CONVEN- Seminole War: XIV. 251 TION, Dorothy Dodd, XII. 67 Semothly (Indian): X. 103-107 Ruge, John G., in memoriam: X. 217 Senate Journal (Florida) 1839: VII. 168 Russell, Annie: X. 203 Seymour, Gen. Truman: IX 202 Rutledge, Rev. Francis: XII. 60 Shackleford, Thomas M., in memoriam: VII. 371 Salt as a Factor in the Confederacy, Ella Shackleford tract: IX. 225 Lonn: XIII. 112 Shands, J. W.: mem. VIII., 73 Salt-making of the Confederates: X. 167; St. Andrews Bay: X. 170-184; XIII. Shaw, Albert: X. 200 113 THE EXTENT AND IMPORT- Shelburne, Lord: X. 12, 17 ANCE OF NAVAL RAIDS ON SALT- Sheldon, Jane Murray: VIII. 188, 196 MAKING FLORIDA, Ella Lonn: Shield, MacGregor’s: VII. 17 X. 167 Shields, Bayard B.: mem. VII. 263 Samford, Col. W. F.:, XIII. 70 Shine. W. H., in memoriam: VII. 371 SAMUEL PASCO, (1834-1917), Samuel Siebert, Wilbur H.: mem. VII. 263; Pasco, Jr..: VII. 135-138 SLAVERY IN EAST FLORIDA, 1776- Sanchez, E. M.: mem. VII. 263 1785: X. 139 SLAVERY AND Sanford, Founders Day: XIV. 281 SERVITUDE. IN EAST FLORIDA, 1726-1776: X. 3; SOME CHURCH San Luis, (fort): XIV. 93 HISTORY OF ST. AUGUSTINE DUR- San Marcos (fort) XIV. 231 ff. ING THE SPANISH REGIME: IX. Saunders, H. Rinalden: mem. VIII. 73 117 Savannah: VII. 7, 13 Silver Springs: VIII. 174-176, 212; XIV. Savannah Republican: VII. 69, 174 269 Schad, J. Harry: mem. XI. 194 Simmons, Frank K.: mem. VIII. 73 Scisco, L. D., The of Ponce de Leon Simmons, Dr. William H.: XI. 108 in 1515: XI. 7 Simms, Mrs.. Robert W.: mem. XII. 42 Schools, Key West: VIII. 52-56, X. 111, Singing Tower, poem: VIII. 208 XI. 115, 119, XI. 176, XIV. 264 SIR JOHN HAWKINS IN FLORIDA, SCHOONER EMPEROR, Dorothy Dodd: Edgar Legare Pennington: X. 86 XIII. 117 Sir John Hawkins: the time and the man, Scollard, Clinton: X. 201; in memoriam, James A. Williamson: X. 101 XI. 193; A BALLARD OF JEAN RI- Sketch of the Life of Bvt. Brig. Gen. Syl- BAULT, X. 201 vester Churchill: VIII. 200 Scotch settlement (Walton Co.): XIV. 84 Skinner. H.: VII; 5, 7 Scott, James: VII. 224 Slade, Rev. John: VII. 147 Scott, Paul R.: mem. VII. 263 Slave code; X. 141-149, 154 Scott, Gen. Winfield: IX. 244, XIII. 199, Slave immigrants: X. 150 XII. 18 Slave trade, African: X. 86, 88, 151-153 Scull, Eleanor: mem. VII. 173 Slave vessel: X. 13, 14, XIII. 117 Sea-Dog of Devon, A Life of Sir John Slavery: X. 6, 139, XIII. 65, XIV. 256 Hawkins, R. A. J. Walling: X. 101 SLAVERY IN EAST FLORIDA, 1776-1785, Seat of Government, 1822: XI. 189 W. H. Siebert: X. 139 Secession: VII. 248, XII. 54; ordinance of, SLAVERY AND WHITE SERVITUDE IN XII. 61, 62, 67 EAST FLORIDA, 1726-1776, Wilbur SECESSION MOVEMENT IN FLORIDA, H. Siebert: X. 3-23 Dorothy Dodd: XII. 3, 45 Slaves, liberation of: X. 34; labor. X. 6, Segui, Bernardo: VII. 14 7, 11, 20; abduction of, X. 53, 153; Seloy (Indian town) : XI. 13 importation of: XIII. 117 Seminary: XIV. 193 Smith, Buckingham: XIV. 262

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol14/iss4/1 64 Smith. Gen. EdmundSociety: K.. EDMUND Florida HistoricalKIRBY StateQuarterly, of Muskogee: Vol. 14, Issue IX. 4165 SMITH’S BOYHOOD IN FLORIDA, State Library Board, mem. VII. 110 Joseph B. James: XIV. 244; IX. 225 States Rights: XI. 179. Smith, Lt. Col. ------, reports of: IX. Stehlin, Joseph C.: mem. XI. 194 5-23; letters of, IX. 135, 259-278 Steit, Mrs. Bertha H. mem. VII. 263. Smith, Rhea M.: ANTHROPOLOGY IN STEPHENS, MARCUS CICERO, LETTER FLORIDA: XI. 151; RACIAL OF: VIII. 120 STRAINS IN FLORIDA, XI. 16 Stirling, Frank: mem.. VII. 263 Smith, Mrs. Wm. Reece: mem. VII. 73 Stockton, Mrs. Florence O., in memoriam: Snow, T. A.: mem. VII. 110 X. 217 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel: Stockton, Gilchrist B.: mem. VIII. 128 X. 4 Stockton, Telfair, in memoriam: X. 217 SOLDIERS CONNECTED WITH FLOR- Stokes, John P.: director Fla. Hist. Soc.; IDA HISTORY SINCE 1812, Charles XIV, 224. X. 2 P. Summerall: IX. 242 Stoney Hill: IX. 71 Soldiers of Florida, Fred L. Robertson: Stoval, Bates M.: mem: XI. 194; sec. Fla. XII. 100 Hist. Soc. XIII. 175 SOME CHURCH HISTORY OF ST. Stowe, Mrs., Harriett B.: XIV. 258 AUGUSTINE DURING THE SPAN- Stuart, Mrs. E. C.: mem. VIII. 234 ISH REGIME. Wilbur H. Siebert: Stukeley, Thomas: X. 89 IX. 117 Subsidy, Spanish to Creeks: X. 77, 78 79. Songs and Ballads Chiefly of the Reign Summerall, Chas. P., address of: IX. 242, of Philip & Mary, Thomas Wright, 292 Printer: VII. 72 Surrency, Winder H.: mem. XII. 42 Soto, de, Gent. of Elvas: XII. 89 Sweating house: IX. 84 Southern Convention (1850): XII. 6 Taber, George L., in memoriam: VIII. 217 Southern Independence, War for: VII. 249 Taliafferro, James P., resolution on death Southern Rights Association: XII. 12, 20 of: XIII. 179 Spain Frank P.: mem. VII. 110 Talks, Indian: XI. 33-36 Spanish-American Frontier, Arthur Pres- TALK OF THE CREEK NATION RE- ton Whitaker (reviewed): VII. 106 SPECTING WILLIAM AUGUSTUS Spanish Settlement in the United States BOWLES: XI. 33 1513-1568, Lowery: IX. 49 Tallahassee, capital, location of site: XI. Spoliations of John Innerarity: X. 53 108; social, 126, 128; Sprague, The Origin, Progress and Con- TALLAHASSEE ALARM OF, 1836: Wil- clusion of the Florida War: VIII. 200 liam Chandler: VIII. 197 St. Andrews Bay, salt-makers: X. 170-180, Tallahassee Historical Society: XII. 200, 184; two roads to: XIV. 102 201; XIV. 133 St. Augustine Examiner: VII. 227: March TALLAHASSEE FIRE OF 1843: VII. 164 24, 1860: VIII. 47 Tallahassee Floridian: VII. 164 St. Augustine: VII. 8, 10, 20: U. S. oc- Tallahassee-St. Augustine Highway: XIV. cupation of, VII. 227; church, IX. 117; 77 siege of, IX. 138-145, 263; exchange Tallapoosa Indians: XI. 52 of flags, XIV. 241; letters from, of Tarvin’s place: IX. 68 William Cullen Bryant: XIV. 261, 263 Taylor, A. M., address of: IX. 293-4; di- St. Francis of Assisi: VII. 215 rector Fla. Hist. Soc.: XIV. 224 ST. FRANCIS BARRACKS, ST. AUGUS- Taylor, Mrs. Arabelle W.: mem. VII. 263 TINE, THE FRANCISCANS IN Taylor, H. E.: mem. VII. 110 FLORIDA, Abbot Charles: VII. 214, Taylor, J. F., in memoriam: IX. 301 227, 233; illustrations of: VII. 228; Taylor, Commodore ------: VII. 24 Act of Florida Legislature, concern- Temple, Sir Richard: X. 18 ing, 229: U. S. Senate resolutions, Third Florida Regiment: VII. 136 concerning, 231; Act of Congress, con- THOMAS CAMPBELL TO LORD DEANE cerning: 232. GORDON (1767): VIII. 156-163 St. Helena: VII. 222 Thomas, Jefferson: mem. VII. 263 St. Johns country: VII. 18 Thomas, Nathaniel S.: director Fla. Hist. St. Josephs Bay: X. 168 Soc. XIV. 224 St. Marks: X. 68; roads to XIV. 142, 150, Thomas, Ralph W.: mem. VII. 110 162, 253 Thomas, T. F.: mem. VII. 110, in memor- St. Mary’s River: VII. 9 iam, VIII. 217 St. Petersburg Public Library: mem. VII. 173 Thomas, W. R.: mem. VII. 110 Thompson, Gen’l ------: VII. 335, 342, Stahl, John M.: mem. VIII. 234 345, 349 Stahl, Mrs. Mary P.: mem. VIII. 234 Thompson, Martin, Deputy Rio de la Stark, Mrs. J. D., donations: VIII. 235 Plata: VII. 5

Published by STARS, 1935 65 Tiger Tail (Seminole): VII. 80 Villiers, Marcos de: IX. 94 Tigert, J. J.: mem.Florida XI. 194 Historical Quarterly, Villiers,Vol. 14 [1935], Marie Iss.Victoria 4, Art. Coulon 1 de: IX. 92 Tillis, Willoughby: VIII. 179 Vinton, Capt. J. R.: VII. 97 Tillis, James Dallas: VIII. 179 Volunteers (1812) : IX. 110, 113, 116, 135- Tobacco, “little DuVal”: XI. 121, agri- 141 culture, 121 Voyages of the Companions of Columbus, TOLEDO, JOSE ALVAREZ DE: THE Washington Irving: XI. 15 FLORIDA INTRIGUES OF., Joseph B. Lockey, XII. 145 Walden, Mrs. May: mem. VII, 110 WALKER ANDERSON, 1801-1857, Julia Tolomato: VII. 219 J. Yonge: XI. 173-183 Tomato: X. 109 Walker, David S.: XII. 103 Tom Tiger (Seminole): VII. 80 Walker, Jonathan: XI. 177 Toomer, W. M.: mem. VIII. 234 Walker, L. B.: VII. 245 Tonyn. Gov. ------, East Florida: VIII. Walton, Col. 167, IX. 26-46 ------: XII. 85 TOPOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF EAST Walton County, Scotch settlement: XI. 27 WEST FLORIDA, WITH War of the Spanish Succession: VII. 222 ITINERARIES OF GENERAL JACK- War in Florida, Staff Officer (Woodburn SON’S ARMY, 1818, Captain Hugh Potter): VII. 334 Young: XIII. 16, 82, 129 Warehouse, Panton, Leslie & Co., view of: Town, Rolle’s: X. 9 IX. 91 Track of Ponce de Leon in 1513, L. D. Ward, Geo. T.: XII. 61 Scisco: XI. 7 Washington, Capt. J. W.: VII. 227 Traders and Factors, Debts of: IX. 86 Waterman’s Bluff: VII. 9 TRANSFER OF SAN MARCOS AND Waukeenah: VII. 247 EAST FLORIDA TO THE UNITED Weber, Carl.: mem. IX. 61 STATES, Rogers W. Young: XIV. 231 Weed, Margaret G.: mem. XII. 42 Trails (Indian) Pensacola-Apalachy: XII. Welanee, Jefferson County, Florida, VII. 118: Apalachy-St. Augustine, XII. 120 141 Transportation: VII. 246 Treatise on the Law of Wreck and Salvage, Welch, G. W.: mem. VII. 110 Wm. Marvin: VIII. 48 Wellbanks, Wm.: IX. 169 Treaty, Seminole: VII. 330-350 Werner, Charles J.: mem. VII. 263; do- Triggs, Rev. John J.: VII. 147 nation, 264 Trout, Mrs. George W.: mem. VIII. 73 West, DuVal: mem. XI. 194 True Relation . . . . . Fernando de Soto West, Elizabeth H.: mem. XI. 194 I by a Gentleman of Elvas, Translated West, Thomas F., in memoriam: X. 217 by James Alexander Robertson. re- Westcott, James, Jr.: XI. 132 view by A. Curtis Wilgus: XII. 89 Whigs: XII. 16-23 Tuckabatche Town: IX. 73 Whig and Tory: X. 140 Tucker, Philip C., NOTES ON THE LIFE OF JAMES GRANT: VIII. 112 Whitaker, Arthur Preston: VII. 106-108. Turnbull, Dr. Andrew: X. 13, 17 Spanish-American Frontier, reviewed by K. T. Abbey, VII. 106; Documents Turnbull, Barton P.: mem. VIII. 73 Relating to the Commercial Policy of Turpentine: X. 9, 10, 16, 17 Spain in the Floridas X. 195 Turpentine farm, Rollstown: VII. 121, 134 White, Joseph M.: VII. 141 IX 229 Tustennugge, Hopoie (Indian) IX. 88 White, J. W., donation: IX. 193. White, Morris E.: mem. VII. 263 Uchees (Indians): XI. 36, XIII. 85 Whitner, Mrs. J. N.: mem. VIII. 73 UNITED STATES TROOPS IN SPANISH Whitner, Thomas Cobb, in memoriam: EAST FLORDA 1812-13, T. Frederick VIII. 217 Davis: Part I. IX. 3; Part II. IX. 96; Why the Solid South, (chapter on Flor- Part III. X. 135; Part IV. IX. 259; ida) Samuel Pasco: VII. 138 Part V. X. 24 WILDERNESS AND SPOTTSYLVANIA, University of London: mem. XII. 42 A diary of James Walter Roberts: University of Pennsylvania, donation: IX 194 Wilgus, A Curtis, review of Robertson, Usabal, Don Luis: X. 198 Gentleman of Elvas: XII. 89 U. S. Dept. of State, donation: VIII. 128 WILKINSON’S OCCUPATION OF NO- BILE, GENERAL: XI. 88 Van Hyning, T.: mem. VII. 110 Williams, John Lee,: VII. 145, XI. 108 Vego, Fray Antonia: VII. 219 WILLIAM POPE DuVAL, PIONEER AND Venable, Elizabeth: mem. IX. 61 STATE BUILDER, James Venezuela: VII. 3, 14, 15, 18 Owen Knauss: XI. 95-139; portrait: XI. 94

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Williams, Arthur T. pres.Society: Fla. Florida Hist. HistoricalSoc.: Yarbrough, Quarterly, Mrs.Vol. 14, W. Issue F.: mem.4 VIII. 123 VII. 362: donation, VII. 100: ad- Yon. Tom: mem. IX 61 dress of, VII. 365; donation: VIII. Yonge, Chandler C.: XIII. 167 74, IX. 62, 193, XI. 3; portrait: XI. Yonge, Henry: VII. 9 I 44, 45; in memoriam, XI. 193; AR- Yonge. J. E. Davis, HENRY A. WISE AND THUR TILMAN WILLIAMS, THE PRESIDENCY: XIII. 65 Davis, XI. 45 Yonge, Julia J., a letter to: VIII, 197; Williams, Emma, donation: VIII. 235 WALKER ANDERSON, 1801-1857, XI. 173; Christ Church Parish, Pensacola, Williams, Francis M.: Sec. Fla. Hist. 1827-1927. VII. 259 Soc.: VII. 362; donation, IX. 61; in Yonge, Julien C.: VIII. 210; v. pres. Fla. memoriam, XII. 202; resolution on Hist. Soc.: XIII. 175 death of: XIII. 180 Yonge, P. K., v. pres. Fla. Hist. Soc.: Williams, Kate, in memoriam: IX. 301 VII. 362: pres. XL 143: annual re- Willow Branch Library: XI. 146 port of: XI. 145; in memoriam: XIII. Wilson, F. H., in memoriam: VIII. 217 63; biographical sketch of, XIII. 167; Willson, Moore---, Minnie, The Seminoles resolutions on death of: XIII. 181; of Florida: VII. 261 PHILIP KEYES YONGE, 1850-1934, Winters, H. S.: mem. XI. 194 Occie Clubbs, XIII. 167 Wirick, Rev. Adam: VII.; 142, 148 Yonge, William P.: VII. 22 WISE, HENRY A., AND THE PRESI- York Association, donation: VIII. 74 DENCY, J. E. Davis Yonge: XIII. 65 Young, Rogers W., FORT MARION DUR- ING THE SEMINOLE WAR: XIII. Withlacoochee block house: VII. 237 193; TRANSFER OF SAN MARCOS Wolcott, Rev. P. C.: mem. IX. 61; in AND EAST FLORIDA THE memoriam: X. 217 UNITED STATES, XIV. 231 Woodbine, Capt. George: VII. 66, XI. 190- Young, Harriet M. L., mem. VII. 173 192, XII. 37; DOCUMENTS RELAT- Young, Captain Hugh, A TOPOGRAPHI- ING TO COL. EDWARD NICHOLS CAL MEMOIR OF EAST AND WEST AND CAPT. GEORGE WOODBINE FLORIDA, WITH ITINERARIES OF IN PENSACOLA, 1814, X. 51 GENERAL JACKSON’S ARMY, 1818: Wooldridge, Thomas: X. 15 XIII. 16, 82, 129 Wright, Benjamin D.: IX. 228; letter on Young, William E.: mem. VII. 173 DuVal: XI. 128 Yowell, Clarence: mem. VII. 110 Wright, Jermyn: X. 22 Yribarren, Joseph de: VII. 14, 16, 18 Wright, Thomas: VII. 72 Yulee, David Levy: XII. 3, XII. 36, 53; Wyman, Dr. Jeffries: XI. 159, 160 address of, 63 Ximines, Juan: VII. 218 Zespedes, Gov. ------: X. 61, 71, 158

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