Lubań, Lower Silesia, Poland
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Economic Geography and Its Effect on the Development of the German
Economic Geography and its Effect on the Development of the German States from the Holy Roman Empire to the German Zollverein (Wirtschaftsgeographie und ihr Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der deutschen Staaten vom Heiligen Romischen¨ Reich bis zum Deutschen Zollverein) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum politicarum (Doktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaft) eingereicht an der WIRTSCHAFTSWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FAKULTAT¨ DER HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITAT¨ ZU BERLIN von THILO RENE´ HUNING M.SC. Pr¨asidentin der Humboldt-Universit¨at zu Berlin: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. Sabine Kunst Dekan der Wirtschaftwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at: Prof. Dr. Daniel Klapper Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Wolf 2. Prof. Barry Eichengreen, Ph.D. Tag des Kolloqiums: 02. Mai 2018 Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Dissertation setzt sich mit dem Einfluß okonomischer¨ Geographie auf die Geschichte des Heiligen Romischen¨ Reichs deutscher Nation bis zum Deutschen Zollverein auseinander. Die Dissertation besteht aus drei Kapiteln. Im ersten Kapitel werden die Effekte von Heterogenitat¨ in der Beobacht- barkeit der Bodenqualitat¨ auf Besteuerung und politischen Institutionen erlautert,¨ theoretisch betrachtet und empirisch anhand von Kartendaten analysiert. Es wird ein statistischer Zusammenhang zwischen Beobachtbarkeit der Bodenqualitat¨ und Große¨ und Uberlebenswahrschenlichkeit¨ von mittelalterlichen Staaten hergestelt. Das zweite Kapitel befasst sich mit dem Einfluß dieses Mechanismus auf die spezielle Geschichte Brandenburg-Preußens, und erlautert¨ die Rolle der Beobachtbarkeut der Bodenqualitat¨ auf die Entwicklung zentraler Institutionen nach dem Dreißigjahrigen¨ Krieg. Im empirischen Teil wird anhand von Daten zu Provinzkontributionen ein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Bodenqualitat¨ und Besteuerug erst im Laufe des siebzehnten Jahrhundert deutlich. Das dritte Kapitel befasst sich mit dem Einfluß relativer Geographie auf die Grundung¨ des Deutschen Zollvereins als Folge des Wiener Kongresses. -
Idyllium Patria Upper Lusatia Through the Eyes of a Late Humanist Author1
2012 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CAROLINAE PAG. 127–146 PHILOLOGICA 3 / GRAECOLATINA PRAGENSIA XXIV IdyLLIUM PATRIA UPPER LUSATIA THROUGH THE EYES OF A LATE HUMANIST AUTHOR1 JAN ZDICHYNEC The Dictionary of Latin Writers (Slovník latinských spisovatelů), which Eva Kuťáková2 was a co-author and co-editor of in the first and second edition, provides the basic information about many Latin writers of the Early Modern Period of impor- tance in connection with Europe and Bohemia in particular. And yet Caspar Peucer (1525–1602), who created his works in the spirit of Latin Humanism and who, more- over, fostered numerous contacts with Bohemian surroundings, is not mentioned in it. Peucer, a professor of Wittenberg’s university, was an all-around intellectual who devoted himself primarily to medicine, mathematics and astronomy, but also worked as a theologian and politician. He was born in the Upper Lusatian town of Bautzen, meaning he was the subject of the Bohemian king, under whose rule Upper Lusatia belonged to up until 1635. From the Bohemian milieu he was in regular contact with the members of the Unity of the Brethren, particularly with his contemporary, Jan Bla- hoslav (1523–1571), who studied in Wittenberg at the same time as Peucer.3 He even exchanged letters with the scientist and doctor, Tadeáš Hájek of Hájek (1525–1600), Pietro Andrea Gregorio Matthioli (1500–1577), Vavřinec Špán (1530–1575) and also communicated with the scholars in Upper Hungary (present-day Slovakia) and in Transylvania. Peucer was extremely literarily prolific and in his age thanks to his works and troubled lot in life, very well known. -
Attitudes Towards Lusatia and Its Heritage in Polish
doi: 10.19090/i.2017.28.189-205 UDC: 323.1(=162.5)(437.3) ISTRAŽIVANJA ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCHES Received: 15 May 2017 28 (2017) Accepted: 26 September 2017 MAŁGORZATA ŁUKIANOW Polish Academy of Sciences [email protected] MARCIN MACIEJEWSKI University of Zielona Góra [email protected] ATTITUDES TOWARDS LUSATIA AND ITS HERITAGE IN POLISH. HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES∗ Abstract: The paper discusses contemporary attitudes towards Lusatian heritage in Poland, with special attention to the region called Eastern Lusatia situated in the western part of the country. This approach aims to present the phenomenon within an interdisciplinary context of history and social sciences. The broad historical context included in this paper covers mostly the period of post-war border changes, especially those between Poland and Germany. The communist period in Poland and the specificity of communist minority policies is one of the key factors shaping today’s image of Sorbian heritage. Another important perspective is the contemporary trend for creating new localities as a form of the affective bond with the place of inhabitance. This, in the authors’ view, is deeply rooted in post-war social phenomena such as mass-scale migrations. The authors claim that today’s presence and presentation of Lusatian heritage is mostly instrumental and serves local communities as tourist attractions rather than including the Sorbian minority in the discourse of identity. Keywords: Sorbs, Lower Lusatia, Lower Sorbian, minorities in Poland, Polish Western and Northern Territories, new locality, memory discourse. 1. Introduction orbs are said to be the smallest Slavonic nation, who today dwell predominantly in Germany and are strongly Germanized. -
3 King Foreigner and Pater Patriae
3 King Foreigner and Pater Patriae When political legitimacy depended on the right of descent, the extinc- tion of a ruling dynasty spelled trouble. During the four centuries of Prˇemyslid rule, however, the Czechs created a state with enough territo- rial and institutional stability to weather these problems. Beginning with the later Prˇemyslids and continuing under succeeding dynasties, a politi- cal system emerged based on estates (lords, knights, towns, and some- times clergy), giving the Bohemian crownlands their characteristic politi- cal structure for the next several centuries. During those centuries, the fluctuating fortunes of the realm would also provide much material for later generations to shape into the historical myth-images of golden ages and times of darkness, of ‘‘a nation great in glory and suffering.’’1 The first years after Va´clav III inclined to the latter image. BOHEMIA UNDER THE LUXEMBURGS: MEDIEVAL HIGH-WATER MARK After Va´clav III’s death, his sisters Anna and Elisˇka repre- sented the legitimate Prˇemyslid line. The Czech nobles preferred Anna’s husband, Henry of Carinthia, but Albrecht of Habsburg, King of the .......................... 10888$ $CH3 08-05-04 15:18:18 PS PAGE 29 30 THE CZECHS Romans, forced them to accept his son, Rudolf. Rudolf (1306–1307) died the year after his election, whereupon the Bohemian crown went to Henry (1307–1310), but his reliance on the towns and armed support from Carinthia and Meissen made him unpopular. Finally a group of nobles and church leaders approached Henry VII of Luxemburg, King of the Romans since Albrecht’s murder in 1308. -
Of Silesia Vol
Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of Silesia vol. 5 eds Lucyna Harc, Przemysław Wiszewski, Rościsław Żerelik Online access: http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/publication/78119 Joanna Nowosielska-Sobel, Grzegorz Strauchold, Przemysław Wiszewski Permanent Change. The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015) ed. Przemysław Wiszewski Wrocław 2015 The book was published with funds of the program Cuius regio. Analiza sił spajających i destrukcyjnych w obrębie regionu określających przynależność osób (grup społecznych) oraz spójność społeczną jako zjawisko historyczne / Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces destining the attachment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within regions as a historical phenomenon, decision of the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education No. 832/N-ESF-CORECODE/2010/0. Peer review: Małgorzata Ruchniewicz Translated by: Matthew La Fontaine, Paweł Ausir Dembowski, Anna Lidia Błaszczyk, Piotr Szutt Language proofreading: Matthew La Fontaine, Judson Hamilton © Copyright by Authors and Uniwersytet Wrocławski Cover design: Marcin Fajfruk Typesetting: Aleksandra Kumaszka, Tomasz Kalota ISBN 978-83-942651-2-0 Publishing House eBooki.com.pl ul. Obornicka 37/2 51-113 Wrocław tel.: +48 602 606 508 email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.ebooki.com.pl Table of Contents Przemysław Wiszewski A time of transformation. New Silesia under construction (1945-2015) ............ 9 Joanna Nowosielska-Sobel Administrative changes.................................................................................... -
The Horizontal Eiffel Tower of Lusatia, Germany
Smart strategies for the transition in coal intensive regions Project No: 836819 Factsheet: The horizontal Eiffel Tower of Lusatia, Germany SEPTEMBER 2019 Description Since the end of the 19th century, Lusatia has been an industrial region, producing lignite and electricity. The coal industry in the region, which needs vast areas of land, destroyed dozens of Lusatia villages in the past and is threatening some of them even now. Lusatia's mining is at the centre of the debate on a socially acceptable lignite phase-out. The region is considered structurally weak, with high unemployment, low economic growth, and high levels of emigration. With the breakdown of Eastern Germany’s heavy industry after reunification, tens of thousands of jobs disappeared. The region has still not fully recovered from this blow. Surface mining visibly shapes Lusatia region’s landscape. Despite plans to gradually phase out lignite mining after unification in the 1990s, the industry is still there, though with significantly less personnel than the 60,000 workers it once employed. The scars are still well visible, 26,000 people being forced to resettle to make way for the mines.1 Figure 1: The horizontal Eiffel Tower of Lusatia (the former conveyor bridge - F60) (source: https://www.f60.de/) 1. Location: Lichterfeld (Elbe-Elster District), Lusatia Region, Germany 2. Type of action: use of the former overburden conveyor bridge F60 as a visitor mine & open-air museum and the bridge integration into future cultural and tourist projects on the Bergheider See (Bergheide Lake) 3. Actors: representatives from local government, regional policy makers, industry, science and research under the "LUSATIA CHARTER" of IBA, Förderverein F60 4. -
THE SILESIAN IDENTITY OUTSIDE of POLAND 1. the Silesian Part Of
TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE SILESIA REGION ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES No. 5 OPOLE 2003 Tadeusz SIWEK and Jaromir KAŃOK Ostrava University THE SILESIAN IDENTITY OUTSIDE OF POLAND 1. The Silesian part of the Czech territory Silesia is an important region of modern south-western Poland, but it does not belong to Poland entirely. It is a typically border region, which for centuries remained continuously under the Polish, Czech, Austrian and German supremacy. It was populated from the Middle Ages pre- dominantly by the Germans, though its ethnic structure was never ho- mogenous. The southernmost margin of this area belongs to Czechia (4,423 sq km = 1,708 sq mi, approximately 10% of the whole area), while the westernmost part of this territory belongs to Germany (only 2—3% of the whole area).1 The Czech Silesia is almost the same area as form er Austrian Silesia (1742-1918). The German bit of the land is the relict of former German Silesia (which existed at the same time as Austrian Sile sia). This paper deals with the Silesian identity in the Czech part of Sile sia. The identity is considered not in a political sense as national identi ty [Smith, 1993, 227], but also as regional identity [Vencalek, 1998, 207]. The Austrian Silesia consisted of two different parts. The former Opavia Duchy with fragments of counties of Krnov (Jagerndorf) and Nisa (Neisse) was situated in the west and it was populated predomi- nantly by the Germans till 1945, like the German Silesia at that time. The former Teschen Duchy was situated in the east and it was popula ted predominantly by the Poles [for morę details see Hannan, 1996], The Czech population increased significantly after incorporating a substan- xThe Silesian area means the area of former Austrian Silesia divided in 1742 between Austria and Germany (including a part of Lusatia incorporated in 1815) within the ad- ministrative borders valid at least till World War II. -
A Future for Lusatia
A Future for Lusatia A Structural Change Plan for the Lusatia Coal-Mining Region IMPULSE A Future for Lusatia ABOUT IMPULSE REPORT A Future for Lusatia A Structural Change Plan for the Lusatia Coal-Mining Region PRODUCED BY Agora Energiewende Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2 10178 Berlin, Germany T +49 (0)30 700 14 35-000 F +49 (0)30 700 14 35-129 www.agora-energiewende.de [email protected] PROJECT LEADS Dr. Patrick Graichen Dr. Gerd Rosenkranz [email protected] Cover image: istock/hxdyl Please cite as: Agora Energiewende (2018): A Future for Lusatia: A Structural Change Plan for the Lusatia Coal- Mining Region. 132/03-I-2018/EN Published: April 2018 www.agora-energiewende.de Preface Dear readers, to formulate a concrete proposal that would accom- modate a broad spectrum of interests. In Germany’s most recent legislative session, the future of coal-fired energy generation was the What is ultimately at stake here is the structural devel- subject of frequent and vigorous debate. All par- opment of the Lusatia region for the 21st century. The ties were nonetheless unanimous that the regions key elements of this development include an innova- most affected by structural change in the lignite coal tive economy, a prominent place in Germany’s energy industry should not be left to fend for themselves. transition, up-to-date infrastructure, and a cultural sphere that encourages people to remain in or return Agora Energiewende made a key contribution to the to the region. Such a development process of course debate through the publication of its Eleven Principles works best when a region can shape its own future, for a Consensus on Coal. -
Moldavites from Lusatia (Germany) 11: a Chemical Compari- Sion with Czech Moldavites J.-M
LPS XXVI 825 MOLDAVITES FROM LUSATIA (GERMANY) 11: A CHEMICAL COMPARI- SION WITH CZECH MOLDAVITES J.-M. Langel, K.T. Fehr2, T. Grund3, M. Langenaue1.4, T. Meisels, H. Palme6, B. Spettel7, D. StBffler8. 1Institut fiir Geologische Wissenschaften und Geiseltalmuseum, Martin-Luther-Universitit Halle-Wittenberg, present adress: Institut fiir Geophysik und Geologie, Universitiit Leipzig, Talstralk 35, D-04103 Leipzig; Wine- ralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitiitMiinchen; 3Institut fir Planetologie, West&- lische Wilhelms-Universitiit Miinster; 4Laboratorium fiir Radiochemie, Universim Bern; 5Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Maryland; 6Mineralogisches Institut der Universitiit Kiln; 7Kosrnochemie, Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie Mainz; 8Museum fir Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitiit Berlin Abstract: Chemical analyses of Lusatian moldavites confirm previous suggestions con- cerning their affinity to Bohemian and Moravian moldavites. Small but characteristic chemical differences exist between moldavites from Bohemia, Moravia and Radomilice area. Lusatian moldavites cannot be assigned unambiguously to any of the three groups. Some Lusatian molda- vites have compositions matching the Bohemian sub-set others are similiar to the Moravian group. Thus the origin of Lusatian moldavites cannot be explained by fluvial transport from the Bohemian sub-strewn fields alone. Samples and Methods: The major element composition of 69 moldavites (Bohemia 43, Radomilice 3, Lusatia 15, Moravia 8) were analysed by EMA. Trace elements were determined for 24 moldavites (Bohemia 6, Radomilice 3, Lusatia 11, Moravia 4) by INAA, RNAA, ICP, GAAS, FAAS. Results: Our results confirm the observations of [I] of three distinct chemical groups char- acterized by correlations among three groups of elements (Fig. 1.): 1. Ti02, A1203,FeO, Na20, K20 (REE, Th, Zr, Hf, Ga, Rb, Cs, Sb, Cr, Co, Sc); 2. -
Geographical Characteristics of Silesia
Gerard Kosmala Academy of Physical Education in Katowice Geographical characteristics of Silesia Abstract: This article contains basic geographical information about Silesia, useful as a starting point for further historical analysis. Silesia is a region of central Europe located within the borders of several nations. At different times in its history it has been part of Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. The rough outline of the relief of Silesia was formed in the Paleozoic Era, finally reaching its ultimate form in the Cenozoic Era. The same holds true for both the Sudetes as well as the entire tectonic fore- land, which was shaped by a glacier. Silesian land has always been rich in mineral resources such as building rocks, coal and copper, although only few of these can be found in abundance. The terrain’s shape results from the general structure of the hydrographical network which, with the exception of the eastern frontiers, is symmetrical, with the Odra river, flowing from the south-east to the north- west, as the axis of symmetry. Reservoirs have been built along many rivers for both energy-related and retention purposes. Due to the total absence of lakes, these reservoirs are the largest bodies of water in Silesia. The temperate, transitory climate with an annual average rainfall of 600–700 mm and average annual temperature of 8 °C results in conditions which are favourable for vegetation. Considering the abun- dance of fertile land one can easily understand why the agricultural scenery dominates the landscape. This, along with the development of industry at the base of the Sudetes and in the south-eastern part of Upper Silesia, is the reason for the relatively small amount of woodland areas. -
Und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Heinr
PUBLISHING INFORMATION Published by: Staatskanzlei des Landes Brandenburg Abteilung 3 | Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Heinrich-Mann-Allee 107 | D-14473 Potsdam Telefon: +49 (0) 331 866-0 | [email protected] www.brandenburg.de | facebook: unser brandenburg Legally responsible for content as per German Press Law: Government Spokesman Florian Engels Texts: Tobias Dürr, Florian Engels, Gerlinde Krahnert A red eagle on a white and red Layout: Schuetz Brandcom GmbH, Berlin background: The flag of the federal Print: Koch Druck, Am Sülzegraben 28, state of Brandenburg D-38820 Halberstadt Translation for the English and Polish issues: Alpha Translation Service GmbH, Berlin Editing: Tobias Dürr (english); Markus Mildenberger (polish) 1st Edition, September 2017 PICTURE CREDITS Yorck Maecke/U. Gatz/TMB-Fotoarchiv Schloss Babelsberg (Potsdam) with Havel p 1 + 48 | Shutterstock p 1 top (t.), 5 t., 8 + 9, 10 bottom (b.), 14, 15 bottom left (b. l.), 18. + 19., 25 top left (t. l.), 34 + 35 t. l. + top right (t. r.), 47 r. | Die Hoffotografen p 3 | Stadtmarketing- und Tourismusgesellschaft Brandenburg an der Havel mbH p 4 + 5 | Paul Hahn/TMB-Fotoarchiv p 5 b. | Stephanie Hochberg p 5 centre (c.),16, 21 b. l., 25 t. r., 31 bottom right (b. r.), 42 + 43, 45 t. r. | Bernd Geller p 6 | brandenburg.de p 6 Portrait (po.), 8 po., 12 po., 43 po., 47 po., 21 b. l. | Frank Lieb- ke/TMB-Fotoarchiv p 7 l., 22 + 23 | Ulf Böttcher/TMB-Fotoarchiv p 7 r. | Schütz Brandcom p 9 r., 11 b. l., 46 | Jan Wischnewski Photography p. 10 b. | Gabriele Boiselle p 11 bottom centre (b. -
FACT-FINDING VISIT to LUSATIA, GERMANY 14-16 February 2018
FACT-FINDING VISIT TO LUSATIA, GERMANY 14-16 February 2018 Lusatia: geography and history Lusatia (German: Lausitz) is a region in Central Europe. The region is the home of the ethnic group of Lusatian Sorbs, a small Western Slavic nation. Lusatia stretches from the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers in the east to the Pulsnitz and Black Elster in the west. Lusatia comprises two both scenically and historically different parts: a hilly southern "upper" section and a "lower" region, which belongs to the North European Plain. The major part of Upper Lusatia belongs to the German state of Saxony. Its Polish part, east of the Neiβe (Nysa) River, belongs to Lower Silesian Voivodeship. A small strip of land in the north together with the Polish part of Lower Lusatia, is incorporated into Lubusz Voivodeship. Lower Lusatia belongs mainly to the German state of Brandenburg. Its Polish part, to the southwest, belongs to Lubusz Voivodeship. Historically, Lusatia belonged to several different countries. It was part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (the so-called Czech Lands) for three hundred years, then of the Habsburg Monarchy and from it to the Electorate of Saxony. The greater part passed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 and the whole region merged into Germany in 1871. After the occupation of Eastern Germany by the Red Army and the partition in 1945, the eastern part of Lusatia along the Lusatian Neisse river was given to Poland where the boundary is called the Oder–Neisβe line. In the Polish part today Polish is spoken, and in the German part German, and Upper- and Lower Sorbian.