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Bulletin 160-98

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Bulletin 160-98 The California Water Plan Update BULLETIN 160-98 Options for Meeting Future Water Needs in Coastal Regions of California his chapter covers the coastal hydrologic regions of the State: the North Coast, San Francisco Bay, Central Coast, and South Coast (Figure 7-1). These four T regions make up 29 percent of the State’s land area and were home to 78 per- cent of the State’s population in 1995. FIGURE 7-1 Coastal Hydrologic Regions The Pulgas Water Temple, owned by the City and County of San Francisco. 7-1 OPTIONS - COASTAL REGIONS The California Water Plan Update BULLETIN 160-98 FIGURE 7-2 North Coast Hydrologic Region OREGON Smith Lower DEL River Klamath Clear Lake NORTE Meiss Lake Tule Shasta Lake Reservoir River Butte Lake Scott MODOC River Klamath Creek SISKIYOU River Klamath Lake Shastina Salmon River Redwood River Creek Trinity Mad Trinity Lake River Lewiston HUMBOLDT Lake River Clear Creek TRINITY Tunnel Van zen South Du River Mattole Fork Ruth Lake River P Eel a South River c Fork i f MENDOCINO i River Noyo River Lake c Pillsbury Eel LAKE COUNTY Lake Navarro Mendocino Van Arsdale Russian Diversion River O Gar cia ver Ri Dry c e River Lake Creek a Sonoma n SONOMA Santa Rosa-Sonoma- Petaluma Aqueducts OPTIONS - COASTAL REGIONS 7-2 The California Water Plan Update BULLETIN 160-98 North Coast Hydrologic Region . Description of the Area City, Yreka, Eureka, Fort Bragg, Ukiah, Santa Rosa, and Rohnert Park. Table 7-1 shows the 1995 popula- The North Coast Region comprises the Pacific tion and irrigated crop acreage in the region and 2020 Ocean coastline from Tomales Bay to the Oregon bor- forecasts. der, extending inland to the crest of coastal watersheds. The region includes all or large portions of Modoc, Siskiyou, Del Norte, Trinity, Humboldt, Mendocino, Water Demands and Supplies Lake, and Sonoma Counties. Small areas of Shasta, Because of the water dedicated to the North Tehama, Glenn, Colusa, and Marin Counties are also Coast’s wild and scenic rivers, environmental water use within the North Coast Region (Figure 7-2). comprises the majority of the total water demand in Most of the region is comprised of rugged moun- the North Coast Region. Water shortages are expected tains; the dominant topographic features are the to occur only under drought conditions, as shown in Klamath Mountains and the Coast Range. Mountain Table 7-2. These water shortages will be mostly in the elevations range from 5,000 feet along the coast to more USBR’s Klamath Project’s service area and in some than 8,000 feet in the Klamath River watershed. Val- small coastal communities. ley areas include the high plateau of the Klamath River Three existing projects provide much of the North Basin in Modoc County, the Eureka/Arcata area, Coast’s developed surface water supply—USBR’s Kla- Hoopa Valley in Humboldt County, Anderson Valley, math Project, Humboldt Bay Municipal Water the Ukiah area, Alexander Valley, and the Santa Rosa District’s Ruth Lake, and USACE’s Russian River Plain. Project. The primary water storage facilities of USBR’s Precipitation in the region varies depending on Klamath Project are Upper Klamath Lake, Clear Lake, location and elevation. In the Modoc Plateau of the and Gerber Reservoir. This project was authorized by Klamath River Basin, annual precipitation averages 10 the Secretary of the Interior in 1905, and is one of the inches, while higher elevation lands of the Smith River West’s earliest reclamation projects. The project’s pri- Basin in Del Norte County average more than 100 mary purpose is to store and divert water for inches of rain per year. The southern portion of the agricultural use. The project service area includes more region is drier; Santa Rosa averages about 29 inches of than 230,000 acres of irrigable lands in Oregon and rain annually. Most land area in the North Coast Region is for- TABLE 7-1 est or range land. Irrigated agriculture is concentrated Population and Crop Acreage in narrow river valleys such as the Russian River Valley in Sonoma County, and on the high plateau of the Population Irrigated Crop Acreage Klamath River Basin. The primary crops are pasture, (thousands) (thousands of acres) grain, alfalfa, wine grapes, truck crops, and nursery 1995 606 323 stock. Principal cities in the region include Crescent 2020 835 335 7-3 OPTIONS - COASTAL REGIONS The California Water Plan Update BULLETIN 160-98 TABLE 7-2 North Coast Region Water Budget (taf)a 1995 2020 Average Drought Average Drought Water Use Urban 169 177 201 212 Agricultural 894 973 927 1,011 Environmental 19,544 9,518 19,545 9,518 Total 20,607 10,668 20,672 10,740 Supplies Surface Water 20,331 10,183 20,371 10,212 Groundwater 263 294 288 321 Recycled and Desalted 13 14 13 14 Total 20,607 10,491 20,672 10,546 Shortage 0 177 0 194 a Water use/supply totals and shortages may not sum due to rounding. California. The project also serves four national wild- ity Dam and the 2.4 maf Trinity Lake on the upper life areas—the Lower Klamath, Tule Lake, Clear Lake, Trinity River, Lewiston Dam, the 10.7-mile Clear and Upper Klamath Refuges. Creek Tunnel that begins at Lewiston Dam and ends The 48 taf Ruth Lake is Humboldt Bay Munici- at Whiskeytown Lake in the Sacramento River Basin, pal Water District’s water storage facility on the Mad Spring Creek Tunnel, and Spring Creek Powerplant. River. Downstream Ranney collector wells capture Exports from the Trinity River to the Sacramento water released from Ruth Lake for distribution in the River Basin began in 1963. From 1980 through 1995, Eureka-Arcata-McKinleyville area. Humboldt Bay Trinity River exports averaged 825 taf annually. In MWD is a water wholesaler with seven municipal, two 1981, the Secretary of the Interior increased instream industrial, and about 200 miscellaneous water custom- flow requirements in the Trinity River from 120 taf to ers. 287 taf in drought years, and 340 taf in wet years. In The Trinity River Division of the CVP develops 1991, the Secretary of the Interior amended the 1981 supply for export to the Central Valley and does not decision, directing that at least 340 taf be released into deliver water in the North Coast Region. USBR con- the Trinity River for water years 1992 to 1996, pend- structed Trinity River facilities in the early 1960s to ing completion of a USFWS instream flow study. In augment CVP water supplies in the Central Valley. 1992, CVPIA mandated that the secretarial decision The principal features of the Trinity Division are Trin- remain in place until the instream flow study was com- USBR’s Anderson-Rose Dam is located on the Lost River in Oregon, just north of the stateline. This Klamath Project facility diverts water to serve irrigation needs on the bed of the former Tule Lake in California and Oregon. Courtesy of USBR OPTIONS - COASTAL REGIONS 7-4 The California Water Plan Update BULLETIN 160-98 Trinity Dam and Trinity Lake. Releases from the reservoir are reregulated at Lewiston Dam, 7 miles downstream on the Trinity River. At Lewiston, water is either released back to the Trinity River or diverted through the Clear Creek Tunnel into the Sacramento River Basin. Courtesy of USBR pleted, at which time the study’s recommendations The Lost River sucker is native to Upper Klamath Lake would be implemented. Currently, a draft Trinity River and its tributaries, and the shortnose sucker is found flow evaluation report recommends that 815 taf, 701 in the Lost River, Clear Lake, Tule Lake, and Upper taf, 636 taf, 453 taf, and 369 taf be released in the Klamath Lake. Both species spawn during the spring. Trinity River during extremely wet, wet, normal, dry, Higher water levels in Upper Klamath Lake have been and critically dry years, respectively. The water year identified as an aid to recovery of these fisheries. Coho types are based on Trinity Lake inflow. and steelhead were recently listed, and water supply Lake Mendocino on the East Fork Russian River implications will not be known until management near Ukiah and Lake Sonoma on Dry Creek near plans are completed and recovery goals are established. Geyserville are the water storage facilities of USACE’s To address the need for greater certainty in project Russian River Project. Sonoma County WA receives operations, USBR began preparing a long-term Kla- most of the water from this project and delivers about math Project operations plan in 1995. Difficult and 29 taf/yr to Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Cotati, and complex issues have delayed completion of the long- Forestville in the North Coast Region, and another 25 term plan. USBR has issued an annual operations plan taf/yr to Novato, Petaluma, the Valley of the Moon, each year since 1995 as it continues the development and Sonoma in the San Francisco Bay Region. The of the long-term plan. The Klamath River Compact Russian River Project also regulates flow in the Rus- Commission is facilitating discussions on water man- sian River for agricultural, municipal, and instream agement alternatives to address ESA and water supply uses within Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, and needs. This three-member commission was established municipal uses in Marin County. Water is diverted by an interstate compact ratified by Congress in 1957 from the Eel River into Lake Mendocino through to facilitate integrated management of interstate wa- PG&E’s Potter Valley Project. ter resources and to promote intergovernmental cooperation on water allocation issues.
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