THE CRISIS EASTER 1914 PUBLIC OPINION ALL OVER THE WORLD
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Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager
Contents copyrighted, 1914, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Contents for April, 1914
PICTURES COVER. Photograph from life. Copyrighted by W. L. Brockman. (For reproductions write THE CRISIS.) MEN'S BIBLE CLASS, METROPOLITAN A. M. E. CHURCH, Page WASHINGTON, D. C 272 COLORED RAILWAY MAIL CLERKS 276
ARTICLES SPRING. A Poem. By William Moore 288 THE NEW ABOLITION AND ITS WORK 289 OUR LEGAL BUREAU. By Chapin Brinsmade 291 JIMMY. A Story. By French Wilson 293 THE NEGRO AS A LAND OWNER. By Henry W. Wilbur 297 IN MOSLEM SPAIN. By Joseph F. Gould 298
DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE 267 MEN OF THE MONTH 273 OPINION 277 EDITORIAL 285 SONG AND STORY 300 BURDEN 302
TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscription is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be chanced as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. 264 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
Atlanta University LINCOLN INSTITUTE Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. Jefferson City, Missouri The courses of study include High School, Nor Founded by the Negro soldiers of mal School and College, with manual training the 64th and 65th Regiments. Sup and domestic science. Among the teachers are ported by the State of Missouri. graduates of Yale. Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith One of the best-equipped schools and Wellesley. Forty-two years of successful in the country for the education of work have been completed. Students come from Negro boys and girls. Normal, all parts of the South. Graduates are almost Collegiate, Agricultural and Indus universally successful. trial Courses. Normal diplomas For further information address carrying with them the degree B. Pd. are life certificates to teach in the President EDWARD T. WARE public schools of Missouri. The ATLANTA, GA. degree A. B. conferred upon those who complete the collegiate course. Four teachers of Music: Voice Cul ture, Piano. Violin. Band and Knoxville College Orchestra Practice. Elocution and. Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. Athletics. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Board $9.50 a month. Tuition $3.00 the A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. year to Missouri students. All others pay Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. $13.00 a year. Catalog free. B. F. ALLEN, A. M., LL. D. Offers full courses in the following departments: President. College, Normal, High School. Grammar School and Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Opportunity for Self-help. Fall Term Begins September, 1914. Morehouse College For information address (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) President R. W. McGRANAHAN ATLANTA, GA. KNOSVELLE. TESTN. College, Academy, Divinity School An institution famous within recent years for its emphasis on all sides of manly development—the only institution in the far South devoted solely to the education of The Agricultural and Negro young men. Graduates given high ranking by greatest Northern universities. Debating, Mechanical College Y. M. C. A., athletics, all live features. For information address JOHN HOPE, President.
Maintained by the govern ments of North Carolina and of ST. MARY'S SCHOOL An Episcopal boarding and day school the United States. Open all the for girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St. Mar>r. Address: year round. For males only. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Spring term began March 2, 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa 1914. Board, lodging and tuition, $7 per month. Best opportunities Fisk University for Negro youth. Night school NASHVILLE, TENN. for indigent but ambitious young Founded 1866 C. W. Morrow, Dean Thorough Literary. Scientific, Educa men. For catalog or further tional and Social Science Courses. Pioneer information, address in Negro music. Special study in Negro history. Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds, PRESIDENT DUDLEY Well-equipped Science building. Christian home life. A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C. High standards of independent manhood and womanhood.
Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 265
The National Religious Training School
"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." — REV, DR. CHARLES H. PAKKIIURST, New York City.
IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a compre hensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us.
For catalog and detailed information address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD National Religious Training School ------Durham, N. C. The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund of S15.000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?
The Cheyney Training School for Teachers CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA
Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located, healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educational institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educa tional problems and practice. This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers, carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art, manual crafts and agriculture. For teachers of experience and intending teachers it offers also a six weeks' summer-school course, extending from July 1 to August 12. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge, for the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to
LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal
Mention THE CRISIS 266 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS TONE-PLACING AND VOICE- DEVELOPMENT Facts of Reconstruction Points explained, viz.: Breath in Singing, Trying the Voice, the Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the By MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the In this book Major Lynch presents the readers and thinkers of the present genera Mouth, the Tongue, Position When tion with accurate, reliable and impartial Practising, Position When Singing, information, based upon his knowledge and How to Practice, Good Rules for experience, about Reconstruction, the most Singing. important and eventful epoch in our country's history. Comment from the world-renowned conductor of the Paulist Choir of Chicago, 111., whose choir has Major Lynch has been prominently before just received the first prize awarded at the Sing the public during the last forty years. He ing Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: was a member of Congress in 1876-7 and was an active participant in the decision of "Dear Mr. Tlnsley: the closely contested election between Hayes "I take great pleasure In commending your very useful and and Tilden for the Presidency of the United succinctly written book on 'Tone-Plaolno and Voice-Develop ment.' Tour own appreciation of the psychology of singing States. Many interesting points in that con and the fundamental principles of the art you have cleverly test not heretofore published will be found reduced to a simple system. Cordially youre, in this book. "Father WILLIAM J. FINN. C. 8. P.. As a member of Congress, member of the Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago.'' National Republican Committee, auditor for From "Musical Courier," N. T.: "A very practical little the Navy Department, a member of many book Is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development.' by Pedro T. National Republican Conventions, over one of Tlnsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal which he presided as temporary chairman, exercises, and should be In the hands of all vocal students." From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly his Major Lynch was brought in contact with 'Practical Method of Singing' Is a most concise and practical many of the most prominent and influential little manual, containing many valuable vocal exercises. It men of the country. The chapters giving an eannot fall to be helpful to all ambitious vocal students." account of his interviews with Presidents Grant and Cleveland, and with Messrs. Blaine. HELPED HIM GREATLY Lamar and Gresham, are both interesting and instructive. The book ought to be in the '"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing library of every home. and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant than it has been for years. It seems to me that I Price, net 51.50. By mail, $1.65. am getting a new voice" Prof. John T. Lay ton, Address: Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 4321 ForestviUe Ave. Chicago, 111. PRICE 51-00 Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 64-18 Drexel Ave., Chicago, 111.; or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash Ave.. Chicago. 111. A Day
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Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS
Vol. 7—No. 6 APRIL. 1914 Whole No. 42
ALONG THE COLOR LINE
MUSIC AND ART. has contributed several drawings to the ON February 12, at the Parkway Build-daily newspapers, and is among the prize ing, Philadelphia, Pa., the Bel-canto winners in one of the papers for the Singers, a chorus composed of well-known children's page. The December high-school artists of Philadelphia, gave a concert under Spectator bore a frontispiece drawn by Miss the direction of Mr. William A. Cowderey. Kemp. The chorus was recently established for ^ The annual "pre-Lenten" given under the the purpose of maintaining a vocal scholar direction of Mr. Walter Craig was held on ship in one of the leading conservatories of February 19 in New York City. The music for talented young singers of color. soloists were Mme. Katharine Skeene- The committee is composed of six represen Mitchell, of Cleveland, 0., soprano; Mr. tative citizens, with Hon. George H. White Clark, of Pittsburgh, Pa., baritone; Mr. treasurer of the scholarship fund. Hill, of Philadelphia, Pa., violinist, and Mr. *J Mrs. Marie Burton-Hyram, dramatic Richard B. Harrison, of Chicago, 111., reader. soprano, of Chicago, 111., gave a song recital The enjoyment of the program was enhanced on February 23 in Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. by the fine accompaniment of Mr. Melville Hyram is a graduate of the Chicago Music Charlton. College.
Hall, on February 13. A chorus under the exhibit of Mrs. Rice's large collection of direction of Benjamin Lanbord, an orchestra Lincoln mementoes. Mrs. Rice was assisted and Maggie Teyte, soprano of grand opera in her hospitality by Mrs. Eugene N. Foss, and concert fame, were engaged for the wife of ex-Governor Foss, of- Massachusetts, occasion. Henry F. Gilbert's "Humoresque," and other ladies of social prominence. in which Negro melodies with banjo effects *! It is rare that Negro music gets so favor are employed, was one of the interesting able mention and presentation as was the numbers on the program. case in the recent Lincoln-week celebration *I The distinguished pianist, Mr. R. at the John Wanamaker store in New Augustus Lawson, of Hartford, Conn., ap York City. Alexander Russell, the concert peared with the Hartford Philharmonic director, spoke in glowing terms of the place Orchestra on January 29 at their second of the Negro in American music. A chorus concert of the season. Leopold Godowsky of twenty-five voices, picked from the Negro was the piano soloist. Mr. Lawson played employees of the Wanamaker store, sang the harp parts in the "Reverie," on the their folk songs under the direction of piano—a Debussy number transcribed by Daisy R. Tapley, with Mrs. Tapley at the Mr. Prutting, the conductor. Mr. Lawson pianoforte and Mr. Russell at the organ. had the distinction a year ago of appearing Mrs. Tapley was especially pleasing in as piano soloist with the orchestra. her solo work from Negro composers. An ^ The , Howard University dramatic club orchestra of thirty pieces, also chosen from presented Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton's Negro employees of the Wanamaker store, "Richelieu" at the Howard Theatre, Wash was another worthy feature of the program. ington, D. O, on February 21, before a *J A concert was given on February 28, at capacity house. The histrionic ability dis the Howard Theatre, Washington, D. C, played by Mr. L. A. Howard, '14, as Car by the Folk-song Singers, under the direction dinal Richelieu, and Mr. C. E. Lane, '14, of the conductor-composer, Mr. Will Marion as Chevalier de Mauprat, is deserving of Cook. The chorus was organized early in special mention. the season by Mrs. Harriet Gibbs-Marshall, *I The Prairie View Chorus, of the Texas director of the Washington Conservatory of State Normal School for Colored Youth, Music, for the cultivation of the singing of sang in Houston, Tex., early in February Negro folk music. Mr. Cook had as assistant for the benefit of the proposed general hos conductors Mr. Reese Europe and Mr. pital. The chorus, which numbers .115, is Harry T. Burleigh, of New York, with Miss directed by Miss Wilhelmina Patterson. The Mary Europe, the excellent accompanist, of program was divided between Negro folk Washington, at the piano. The soloists were songs and compositions of colored composers. Mme. Abbie Mitchell, soprano; Miss Lottie ^ Mrs. George Brackett Rice, of Brookline, Wallace, contralto, and Mr. Harry T. Bur Mass., following her usual custom of observ leigh, baritone. The purity and sweetness of ing Lincoln Day, held, on February 12, a Miss Wallace's voice, added to her unaffected "Lincoln Day" reception at her home in stage bearing, gave much pleasure to an Brookline, Mass. The program for the enthusiastic audience. The program consisted pleasure of the guests included a short ad of Negro folk songs, characteristic songs by dress by Rev. Charles F. Dole, D. D., of Will Marion Cook, modern songs and selec the Unitarian Church of Jamaica Plain, the tions from the operas by Mr. Burleigh. reading of poems and unpublished family *( The third annual concert of Negro music, letters of Lincoln by Dr. Frank C. Richard under the auspices and for the benefit of the son, the singing of appropriate selections Music School Settlement for Colored People, by a quartet composed of Mrs. Alice Bates of the city of New York, was held on Rice, soprano; Mrs. Rice, the hostess, con March 11 at Carnegie Hall. Mr. Harry T. tralto; George J. Parker, tenor, and Dr. Burleigh, baritone, and Miss Abbie Mitchell, George B. Rice, bass. Cornet, solo by Miss soprano, were the soloists. Anna Wise, witli Mme. Edith Noyes Greene Mr. Rosamond Johnson sang, and the accompanist, and baritone solo by Mr. Wm. Negro Symphony Orchestra, under the direc H. Richardson, of Boston, assisted by Mrs. tion of James Reese Europe, and a chorus Maude Cuney Hare at the piano. An inter of eighty voices, conducted by Will Marion esting feature of the reception was the Cook and Harry T. Burleigh, furnished the ALONG THE COLOR LINE 269 other numbers on the program. All of the were playing on the railroad tracks in selections were by Negro composers. The Greensboro, N. C. A freight train was annual prizes for composition given by the coming unnoticed by the children and Mrs. Music School Settlement were awarded to Reid, dropping her bundles, ran and jerked Carl Diton and R. Nathaniel Dett. them off of the track just as the train lumbered by. SOCIAL UPLIFT. *! Walter R. Wright, a colored man, is THE report of the work of the Young secretary to the president of the New York, Women's Christian Association for the Chicago and St. Louis Railway Company. past year shows that six new secretaries have been employed; there have been two large *J In spite of the long-continued fight of successful building campaigns and more than the wealthy residenls of Riverdale, N. Y., 1,500 members have been added. The Kansas for the exclusion of all colored people, City association, which has been established several of the while churches have estab less than a year, began this year with $300 lished Sunday-school classes for colored in the treasury and recently received a testi children from the orphan asylum. monial of $87 from the teachers in the city. 1 Julius Rosenwald will be responsible for The organization of girls' work in most of one-fourth of the annual budget of the Wen the associations has had good results. dell Phillips Social Settlement in Chicago, provided that colored people are among the
<3 The Francis E. W. Harper Club, of An- *I A meeting was held on February 17, at sonia, Conn., a branch of the Northeastern McCoy Hall, Johns Hopkins University, for Federation of Women's Clubs, pays for the purpose of familiarizing the people of yearly subscriptions to THE CRISIS for the Baltimore with the work of Hampton Insti three public libraries in that city. tute. Several of the speakers, among whom <3 During the six years that the colored were Dr. Frissel, Dr. G. A. Griffiths and branch of the Louisville Free Public Library Major Moten, took occasion to protest against has been established the attendance has been segregation and point out its many evils. 280,941 and the total number of books drawn *I On February 18 the sixteenth annual has been 258,438. farmers' conference of Georgia convened in ^ The council of bishops of the African •1 Courses in methods of teaching agricul Methodist Church met in Atlanta on Feb ture, home economics and the common school ruary 4. branches will be given at the Florida A. and M. College from June 15 to August 1. *I Governor Dunne, in an address before a colored audience celebrating Lincoln's Birth *I A tract of about eighteen acres of land day, declared that he intended to do all in has been acquired in San Antonio, Tex., his power to bring about political equality upon which an industrial school for Negroes for them. will be built. A meeting was held at the Robert Gould POLITICAL. Shaw House on the Sunday following THE President has reappointed Robert Lincoln's Birthday to protest against segre H. Terrell as justice of the municipal gation in the Federal departments at Wash court of the District of Columbia. His ap ington. Mr. Rolfe Cobleigh, of the Congre- pointment has not yet been confirmed by the gationalist, stated the facts of segregation, Senate. Mr. Moorfield Storey urged all factions to unite in the cause of justice and Dr. Du 1 An industrial school for colored Catholics *I The Hardrick Brothers are the colored in Lafayette, Tex., costing $30,000, has been owners of a large grocery store in Spring completed. field, Mo. The firm employs ten clerks, one *J Boynton, Va., has a new modern school bookkeeper, one cashier and four delivery building for colored children. men and eaters to a large white and colored *$ The late Mrs. Francis A. Hackley, who patronage. was head of the boys' school at Tarrytown, <3 Negroes in New York are said to be N. Y., bequeathed $5,000 to Manassas making plans for the erection of a hotel for Industrial School for Colored Youths and colored people in Harlem. the same amount to the Fort Valley Indus 1 On January 15 the Enterprise Building trial School. and Loan Association was incorporated ^ Col. George W. Breckenridge, of San under the laws of the State of South Caro Antonio, Tex., will give $35,000 to Guada lina by a company of colored men of Charles lupe College, at Seguin, Tex., conditional ton, S. C. upon the school raising $10,000. ^ In Ellis County, Tex., the colored popula AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. LAURENCE DEWITT SIMMONS, a young man 33 years old, holds a responsible position in his profession. He was born in New Orleans, La., and received bis education at Talladega College, Alabama, graduating in 1903. Upon graduation he immediately took up mechanical engineering at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, from which he was graduated in 1906. He was employed by the General Electric Company, of Schenectady, N. Y., and has remained there ever since with frequent pro motions. From 190C to 1908 he was em ployed in the experimental turbine depart ment, doing research and experimental work THE LATE EARL EDWARD FINCH. on steam turbines and steam meters; from that time to 1910 he was in the turbine engineering department, and for the past three years has been engineer in the con sulting engineering department. AN EARNEST LIFE. EARL EDWARD FINCH was born in ^ Marion, 0., February 28, 1877. He was graduated from the Bellefontaine high school with first honors. He sought to enter Wilberforce University and asked for work, saying: "You just must give me something to do; I cannot attend school unless I work." LAURENCE DE WITT SIMMONS. He was graduated in 1900, and finally 274 THE CRISIS attended the University of Chicago for four summer quarters, graduating from the arts course magna cum laude in 1909. He was a wide reader and careful student and his paper at the races congress in London, 1911, brought him much sincere praise. He became a professor and dean of the college department of Wilberforce and gave his young life to the work. Often his salary was not paid, his work received scanty recognition and petty jealousies embittered his soul. His young wife died and left a lonely baby. Yet the man never faltered. With splen did sacrifice and unswerving loyalty he forged on and did splendid work for the students and for the community. At last the baby sickened. He went to nurse him, caught the same fever and died at the age of 36. A CITY COUNCILMAN. JOHN OLIVER HOPKINS was born in 1886 at Chestertown, Md., and reared in Wilmington, Del. He attended Howard ROBERT CURTIS OGDEN, High School, leaving in the second year to enter the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and during his school life he had the largest from which school he was graduated in 1908. paper route in the city. After graduating He was early noted for thrift and industry. he opened a drug store in partnership with Dr. Conwell Banton, in 1909, and this is now ,the most successful and prosperous Negro business enterprise in the city. He is also proprietor of a vaudeville theatre, which does a good business. He was married in 1909 to Miss Josephine Fisher, and has two children. In June, 1913, he was elected to the city council from the sixth ward by an overwhelming . majority, and is its youngest member. He is the second Negro to sit in the council. During his term in office he has already secured a public'bathhouse for Negroes and a Negro detective on the police force. A WELL WISHER. IT is difficult for a Negro before whom the vision of race ideals stands to write of Robert Curtis Ogden. The facts of his life are simple: He was born in Phila delphia in 1836. He did not attend college, but went into business and eventually became a member of the firm of John Wanamaker. JOHN OLIVER HOPKINS. He died in August, 1913. MEN OF THE MONTH 275 Mr. Ogden's greatest work was accom young fellow had not only fooled me and his plished as the president of the hoard of numerous friends, but he had fooled his trustees" of Hampton Institute and as parents and his sister. founder of the "Ogden parties" of Northern "For three and a half years he has been and Southern whites who annually took leaving home regularly for school in the journeys into the South. morning and returning promptly in the These things Were worth doing: Mr. evening. He managed, somehow, to secure Ogden added over $2,000,(100 to Hampton's blanks for reports. These he has been filling- endowment; he founded the Southern Edu out himself and showing them to his parents cation Board; but he did both these things regularly. Not only that, he has brought new and especially the latter at a great and books home regularly, also drawings in serious sacrifice. We doubt if he was geometry and trigonometry and has con conscious of the sacrifice. Mr. Ogden looked stantly reported names and conversations that on the Negro as an incomplete man. He went on in the classes at the school. was willing to help him and he thought he "The commencement for the midyear sec wanted the Negro to help himself. But he tion of the school was held Friday. Young did not. A self-conscious, self-helping Fareira had sent out numerous invitations Negro was beyond Mr. Ogden's conception. to his friends and had received presents from Such a phenomenon irritated him unreason dozens of them. He even went so far as to ably. He wanted Negroes to be satisfied and issue tickets for' the commencement. The do well in the place which he was sure they tickets were written in his own handwriting, must and on the whole ought to occupy. He hut he-explained this fact to his parents, could not sympathize with the revolt of saying that the authorities were dilatory in honest far-seeing men against such caste. getting out the tickets and programs and The result was that the white-' South cap consequently each student had been allowed tured Mr. Ogden. He saw their side of the so many seats .and were authorized to issue race problem and strongly sympathized with their own tickets. His parents and sister them. The Southern Education Board went to the commencement with these tickets, came to be a movement "for white people also Mrs. , who was his kindergarten only," and the color line appeared in his teacher in Germantown. They were all dum- interests in new and hitherto unheard-of founded upon reaching th,e school to be form. informed that their tickets were no good. When they sought the principal of the high How shall the Negro race judge such a school they were informed that ,young man? "He was sincere and unselfish. He Fareira had not been. in the high school wanted the right. But he lacked vision—he since June, 1911. lacked human understanding. He did great "His mother is prostrated and his family good, but he also did great harm. is simply paralyzed by the awful humiliation. M ' The matter has not reached the press as yet. A LIAR. I do not know whether you think it advis THE CRISIS is so eager to record the able to correct the statement in the next achievements of Negroes, and par issue of THE CRISIS. It may do us more ticularly young Negroes, that sometimes it harm than good." errs. In the case of Joseph Fareira we must THE CRISIS has no fear of the truth. ' confess to have been victims of astonishing- deception. The case was reported to us by a Philadelphia professional man of unim MAIL CLERKS. peachable standing who himself collected the WHO are the persons against whom so data for the article in the February number. strenuous effort has been made in He now writes us: "I regret to have to the railway mail service recently? Mr. report to you that my entire account of Burleson wishes to reduce them to menial young Fareira's remarkable career in the service. Mr. Stephens is segregating them Boys' Central High School here was all in the South by giving the whites the best false. Of course I had every reason -to be runs. Mr. Edwards wishes to eliminate lieve that what I wrote was the truth. This them from the civil service entirely. From 276 THE CRISIS such facts most persons would conclude that twenty-one own or are buying real estate, these clerks must be personally the most and the average assessed value of these hold objectionable kind of folk. It is character ing's is $2,700; thirty-two have families; all istic of the Negro "problem" that the con- belong to civic organizations; one, Mr. trary is true. For example, there are fifty- William Humphries, has the best examina two colored mail clerks training out of St. tion record of any clerk in the United States, Louis. Only one lias less than a high-school having to his credit twenty-one examinations education; fourteen have college degrees; of 100 per cent. each. OPINION SOME POLITICAL ECHOES. York World have wrestled merrily with the THERE are signs that the Republican problem. Says the former: party, out of power and severely put "In attempting to warn the women to cease to it for defense, is beginning to note the troubling Congress, lest disaster befall them, Democratic asset in the "Solid South" with the World goes on to point out that the only something of the same nervous interest that time that the nation departed from the the English Liberals showed in their remarks principle of State control of the franchise on the House of Lords. The Pittsburgh it reopened the issue of the Civil War and Gazette-Times, indeed, gets real sarcastic and created new causes for race hatred and race says: strife, which still perplex it, despite the fact "In all Southern States, while the Negro that Southern constitutions have practically is theoretically protected by the Federal Con nullified the Fifteenth Amendment. The stitution to and from and at the ballot box, warning is given that if an equal-suffrage the protection is an iridescent unreality, un- amendment to the Constitution were secured perceivable and non-existent in practice. It by its advocates, it 'would not be long before was in these States that President Wilson some of the States began to enact grand was given popular majorities of the recorded mother clauses, to disfranchise women, like vote. In other States the electors were won the grandfather clauses by which Negroes are for him by mere pluralities, and in the whole disfranchised in the South.' So the moral nation he received a mere minority of the is drawn that 'the Democratic majority in popular vote. Only in the 'sweet, sunny respect to equal suffrage is standing on the South,' where the Negro was first kept from solid ground of the Constitution and 125 the ballot box by the persuasive shotgun and years of experience.' then legislated away from it notwithstanding "It seems to us that this goes pretty far the Constitution of the United States, did the in defense of national dishonesty. The election returns show a 'popular uprising' women are warned to desist from troubling for Wilson." Congress, lest Congress disfranchises them, The editor, animadverting to the proposed as it has consented to the disfranchisement woman's suffrage amendment, points out of the Negroes. But if the sentiment of the President Wilson's dependence on the South: nation should demand the enforcement of "How could he plead for enfranchisement the constitutional provision for the penalty of white and colored sisters with a Congress of such disfranchisement, there would be no yoked by men who have disfranchised hun disfranchisement. Is this not a plain hint dreds' of thousands of colored brethren, first to the suffragists that they cannot expect by violence and then by legislation which national recognition, until they force Con skilfully evades the terms of the supreme gress to obey the Constitution, which demands organic law? To do so would have been a that the representation of every State, which slap in the face of the persons upon whom disfranchises any of its citizens, shall be re he has relied and expects to rely for the duced in the House of Representatives and success of his legislative policies and his in the Electoral College?" administration." The Augusta (Ga.) Chronicle sees several This same woman-suffrage matter has, as disquieting symptoms: THE CRISIS predicted, led to a widespread "The Macon Telegraph holds that 'votes discussion of Negro suffrage, North and for Negro women will mean votes for Negro South. The Boston Advertiser and the New men, the abolition of the present restric- 278 THE CRISIS tions—an uninspiring prospect in view of the The Boston Advertiser returns again and fact that the Negroes have a majority in again to the fray in its attempt to force two Southern States and in many counties moral issues on the Republican party. It of all the Southern States.' Senator B. R. declares the Democratic party's treatment of Tillman takes about the same view of the the Negro in the South is simply barbarous: matter. "For that matter, the record of the Pro "Southern women who have allied them gressive party is just as bad. It has been put selves with the suffragette movement main on record (against the protests of many tain that the Southern Negro woman will not honest, sincere Progressives, it is true) in expect to vote. But the Telegraph does not favor of the policy of militarism; the policy rest the matter there, and turns to the of spending on the show and the 'graft' of "men's league.' saying: the war materials trust, hundreds of millions " 'But the members of the "men's league" wrung from the pay of all American wage must know that many years were required earners. It has placed itself on record in to reach even a temporary solution of the favor of the disfranchisement of the Ameri problem of the Negro man's vote, and they can Negro, in far more public- and determined ought to know that for the problem of the fashion than the Democratic party has done. Negro woman's vote there will be no solution, In California it has gone on record in favor at all—against the shrill protest of Northern of other kinds of race discrimination, founded woman suffragist teachers from Maine to on no other test than ancestry, and excluding California.' even the ablest men of Asiatic races.'* "There is in many thing's before the public Some Democrats are refusing to be cata now much for the people of the South to logued with Negro haters, and the Maryland well deliberate. Direct elections of United editor who tried to put Governor Baldwin States Senators, including the Bristow on record succeeded beyond his desire: amendment, has its dangers. So has the "I am not in favor of repealing the proposition of direct presidential primaries, Fifteenth Amendment to the United States." the forerunner (as already pointed out) of writes the governor. elections of Presidents by direct vote. So "The Negro is a citizen of the United is there danger in the enfranchisement of States and of the State in which he may the Negro women in the South, carrying with it, as the Telegraph suggests, ballot rights reside. The grant of suffrage to a citizen for Negro men in the Southern States not ought not. in my judgment, to be predicted now enjoyed. A pretty good suggestion just on his color, but on his capacity for using now. when 'the South is in the saddle.' is, his vote with intelligence and fidelity to his 'Go slowly.' " duty to his country. "Such intelligence may reasonably be in St. Luke's Herald, edited by a sturdy ferred as a general rule, from ability to read Virginia colored business woman, declares the English language. I am in favor of such that: a test in every State. Wherever it is im "The Negro has not even as yet realized posed the State has secured itself from the the value and the importance of the ballot. control of the uneducated. Educated Negroes We have been taught to eschew the ballot; can be trusted with a share of political power but the first thing that the foreigner is taught more safely than illiterate white men.'" as soon as he gets here is to learn how to use the ballot, even if it be in a dumb, automatic way. THE FORTNER BILL. "The women of the world are demanding THE South Carolina bill to "prevent the and receiving the ballot: they are battling possibility of equality between the for it in every civilized country. The white races" by driving white teachers out of women in the United States, rich and poor, colored schools and other similar measures high and low, educated and uneducated, are have provoked a storm even in the South. working for the ballot—save the white women The Lexington (Ky.) Herald cries: of the South. In the South white women "South Carolina was a glorious State; want to join their sisters, but they are afraid South Carolina is a glorious State: but by all lest in striving for the ballot for themselves that's holy, the good people of South Carolina they should in some way help the Negro ought to take hold of their State government. woman." The impossible Blease is a blot on the splen- OPINION 279 did history of the Palmetto State. Those of South Carolina of the Fortner bill, who follow his lead deserve, as they will in prohibiting white men and women from time receive, the condemnation of the better teaching in colored schools, may bring about people of the South, irrespective of color. the collapse of Bleaseism and all that it To defeat Hampton and Butler, and the type portends." of gentleman-statesmen of whom they were And then its Southern editor proceeds to representative, Tillman and his followers write of the superior merits, as compared sowed the dragons' teeth, which in the fertile with Blease, of a "son of the famous Con soil of prejudice fructified and grew, until federate chaplain," of "women with the to-day there is a harvest of blind passion and purest blood of the South in their veins," of brutal prejudice rampant in the State that "famous living Southern artists," and so for years was in the forefront of American forth, using the usual Southern rhetoric. civilization." The News and Courier approaches "the Various changes are rung on this theme Negro question again"—why "again," pray? of the moral deserts of the aristocrats and This bill and another to prevent Negroes the "poor white trash." and whites working in cotton mills together "Hampton and his friends, when they supplies the motive here: were in power," says the Greensboro (X. C.) "What a confession ! Have we reached the News, "scourged the 'vulgar' with whips. point in South Carolina where we must legis Never did Augustales ride more ruthlessly late Negroes, out of their jobs or out of over the herd than did the aristocratic getting them in order to take care of white regime, led by Hampton, trample under foot men who could not otherwise take care of every consideration of right and justice themselves?" toward hill billies. The wood-hat boys simply Having thus disposed of this horrible legis did not exist, politically, and that was all lation, the News waltzes about and says that there was to it. if real pressing subjects of legislation were "Like every other aristocracy, they stored needed why not listen to "Land Segregation" up vials of wrath against the days of wrath, Poe of North Carolina: foolishly bent upon making more swift and "There is, for example, no apparent terrible their own undoing. When Tillman interest in the tremendously important facts finally struck the match he had the mine which Mr. Clarence Poe is constantly dinning ready laid to his hand; all that was neces into the ears of all he can reach, namely, sary was to light the fuse to loose a cata that during the last census period the Negro clysm that no earthly power can control. The farm acreage in every part of the South 'vulgar' are in power now, and they are scourging the aristocrats with scorpions." showed an increase and the white farm acreage a decrease; that the Negro 'already The News thinks that "the lamentable owns five acres in every fourteen he culti phase of the situation is the fact that the vates and has to acquire but one-seventh more responsible people of the State even yet do of his farm acreage in order to own one- not appear to have waked to the true mean half the land he tills;' and, finally, that from ing of the situation." 1900 to 1910 'the Negro farm acreage gained Of course not; why should they? They on the white farm acreage a million and a are getting their part of the blood money half acres a year, and the increase in num that disfranchised the Negro and sowed ber of white tenants during the decade was hatred between two working classes. They nearly twice the increase in number of have an ideal working class working for Negro tenants—118,000 Negroes to nearly next to nothing in factory and field—why 200,000 whites.' should they disturb this idyllic situation just "Mr. Poe argues from these facts, and because of Blease? others of the same nature which we have But the champions of Bourbonism, like the not the space to present, that certain legis Outlook and that hoary old sinner, the lative action which he proposes is necessary Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier, ap if we are to save the agricultural lands of proach the subject with due solemnity and the South for the whites. We have not sermonizing. The Outlook learns that "the regarded his plan as practicable, but never passage by the house of representatives theless we have great respect for his judg- 280 THE CRISIS ment as well as for his sincerity, and we IS THE SOUTH AWAKENING? cordially agree that the situation to which THE CRISIS is not among those who he calls attention merits the most careful •*• greet every manifestation of ordinary investigation and study." decency on the part of a Southerner as a But alas! South Carolina's legislature has foreshadowing of the millennium. On the not been moved by this bit of philanthropy other hand, we are glad and eager to note and the News is fearful: every sign of the weakening of Southern "For years the people of the South pleaded provincialism and narrowness. that if they were only let alone they could One of the most interesting of such signs handle the race question without difficulty. is an article in the Outlook by 'a Southern They are being let alone. They have never woman' who is naturally anonymous. She been so free from disturbing outside in arraigns the lack of community conscience fluences as at the present time. Is the South in the South on the Negro problem: Carolina legislature determined to arouse "Our criminals, like the criminals of every once more the fanaticism against which we country, come chiefly from the economic all protested so bitterly when we were suffer class which lives on, or over, the poverty ing only a few years ago from its line—our 'submerged tenth.' The large onslaughts'?" majority of those in this economic class in Meantime a Southern correspondent in the the South are Negroes—a fact which has Boston Transcript pictures the real resulted in our confusing the poverty line situation: with the color line, and charging Negroes "The mill population is the answer to the racially with sins and tendencies which be economic pressure of the Negro in the long the world over to any race living in agricultural regions. He has driven the poor their economic condition. But it is just the whites out. They cannot compete. In all Negroes who belong in this economic class, the Charleston district there probably can those Negroes who form our submerged tenth not be found one white man who is doing his and who furnish most of our criminal sup own farm work. He is an employer of labor ply, whom we white people do not know, and or he is not in agriculture. It is in the up- who consequently have no white folks to send country, however, where the mills are, that to, to see that they are protected in the courts. the 'red necks' or 'hill billies' have flocked Oh, there is the Negro problem, and the solu to the towns. They are working for a wage. tion of it! The poorest, the ones least able They hate the Negro for economic reasons." to resist temptation, the most ignorant, the folk unhelped, untaught, who are born in Thus the effort to boost the white race by squalor, who live in ignorance and in want special legal privilege goes on, despite the of all things necessary for useful, innocent, hysterical denial of the Columbia (S. C.) happy lives—they do not know us, nor we Record: them. * * * "We deny that the white man needs any law to prevent the Negro from measuring up "Nor does the administration of criminal to a plane of equality with him. If that law in our courts always tend to lessen this proposition is once admitted and entered on distrust of white people. At each session our statute books it will stand as an ineffae- of the Southern sociological congresses able libel on our South Carolina manhood. Southern men high in office among us— "In addition, the measure proposed to judges, professors in our great universities, prevent race equality, if enacted into law, Young Men's Christian Association leaders will open the doors for the very evils which and others—stated that despite individual we most fear, and have reason to fear. If exceptions the trend of our court is to mete white teachers are removed from our public out heavier punishment to black offenders schools and the youthful Negro, mind is than to white. It is not, they say, that turned over to the mercy of vicious Northern Negroes are illegally sentenced, but that for Negro teachers to implant therein the seeds similar offenses the Negro gets one of the of race hatred, we will soon be face to face heavier sentences permissible under the law, with incendiary conditions that may burst and the white man gets one of the lighter. forth at any moment of the night or day More than one Southern governor has de with terrible consequences." fended his wholesale use of the pardoning OPINION 281 power on the express ground 'that the pro attempt to cause water to run up hill, as to portion of convictions is greater, and the attempt to eradicate that instinctive and terms of sentences longer, for Negroes than unconscious feeling that holds the grand for whites.' * * * divisions of the human race apart and pro "Why should a colored woman who loves duces the color line; for it is the barrier cleanliness as much as I do, and who is quite erected by nature itself in order to prevent as willing to pay for it, be forced to travel the distinct races of men from being merged in that disgusting filth? I know that if I into one inferior and undesirable amalga were forced to do it my husband and my mation. The analogue of the color line is children and all my friends would feel out seen throughout nature, yet it does not occur raged about it, and would never have any use to us to disapprove. Robins and wrens, for for the people who made me do it. Why example, nest and flock apart, but not even should these people feel differently? * • • the most enthusiastic and determined 'reformer' among us is offended." "There is no sense in mincing matters. We are no longer children. It is the first step Yes, but, 0 Simplest of Brothers, there is that costs, always; but the first step is very no line between human beings like that plain. It is to put away childish things— between robins and wrens, and the knottiest unreasoning prejudice and unreasoning pride of race problems comes not from separation, —and to look truth squarely in the face, as but from the mingling which whites have men and women who love it at all costs. insisted on and still insist on. Who, for There is no truth in a detached view of the instance, began the mingling of white and Negro or of any human being. Everybody black? And when did Dumas, Pushkin, on earth is human first and racial after Coleridge-Taylor and Booker Washing ward. We must see in the Negro, first' of ton become "inferior and undesirable all, deeper than all, higher than all, a man amalgamations" ? made in the image of God as truly as we A Tennessee paper quoted in La Follette's ourselves. If in the race that image be less says: developed than in our own, in some individu als of the race it is certainly more highly "The Negro is at present the heavy labor developed than in some individuals of ours. power in the South. The Negroes nurse And whatever grows is growable. children, cook, work on the streets, drive automobiles, work in homes, work in the "My only fear for white supremacy is factories and work everywhere else. As a that we should prove unworthy of it. If rule the Negro works with his hands and we fail there we shall pass. Supremacy is the white man bosses. for service. It is suicide to thrust other races "If we are to continue to use Negro labor, back from the good which we hold in trust we must see to it that it is effective, and it for humanity. For him who would be will be effective only to the point that the greatest the price is still that he shall be Negro remains healthy and strong. servant of all." "If we would protect our children, we have got to see to it that Negro men and women The Macon Telegraph is still wrestling do not have tuberculosis and do not fall manfully with its own conscience: victims to other diseases. "In nearly all discussions of an ever timely "From a purely commercial and sanitary subject," complains the editor, "we observe point of view, then, the Negroes should have a failure to discriminate between the in opportunity to live under conditions con justice or crime that results from race preju ducive to health, and there is nothing so dice combined with wickedness and that health giving as plenty of fresh air. instinctive race exclusiveness which would "We denounce Negroes for herding in make a color line inevitable even if we all dives, and yet the presiding genius of the daily practised the Christian virtues. The craps table is usually some low-down but one should be uncompromisingly condemned thrifty white man. both by law and the universal sentiment of a "We denounce Negroes for frequenting civilized public. The other we may deplore dives, and yet they are about the only places but cannot condemn as conscious wrong. where they can have amusement of any sort. "We might as well attempt to reconstruct And the Negro is an amusement-loving the laws governing the universe, as well person. 282 THE CRISIS "The Negro, then, ought to have a separate "This race" was formerly 90 per cent, park and he should have reasonably con illiterate and raised crops worth about venient means of access to that park. $100,000,000; to-day they have 36.5 per cent, "There is a higher cause than that of of illiteracy and the crops of Georgia (1909) commercial prosperity for a Negro recreation were worth $226,000,000. But they are not so "efficient" as formerly because now the park. It is a part of humanity to give to Negro gets wages, albeit low ones. Thus the the Negroes opportunity for innocent whole argument above is the argument of amusement. employers and exploiters looking after their "The Negro is the great wealth producer money-making machines. It is better than in this territory, and an appreciation of this no argument, but it is not much better. fact in the shape of improved living con ditions for him would be responded to by The Tampa (Fla.) Tribune sounds a more generous effort on his part to observe clearer note on an evil characteristic of nearly the law and to merit the trust that is put in every Southern city: him." "The Negro population of Tampa suffers a serious handicap in its desire to establish This same line of argument is being pressed a higher standard of morality and citizen in Georgia: ship for itself. The section of the city which "A great dinner of 2,000 representative embraces its churches and its homes is also citizens of Georgia was recently given in the section devoted by the illicit resorts for Atlanta," says the Seattle Intelligencer, "one the practice of their demoralizing 'trade.' The feature of which was that the tables were Negro of good purposes and better senti spread exclusively with products of that ment cannot hope to rear his children prop State. The menu contained many epigrams erly amid such surroundings. upon conditions in Georgia. One of the notable ones was to the effect that the "We may cease to wonder that the Negro presence in that State of the greatest body furnishes the majority of our criminals and of Negroes and the least progressive was 'at occupies the major attention of our officers once the white man's burden and the white and courts, when we realize that he is forced man's opportunity. If the Negroes are to establish his family altar, to bring up his allowed to remain in this condition they will children and even to worship his Maker in continue to be a brake on the progress of the shadow of the 'sporting house,' where the State. If they are taught and led into dissolute whites parade their shame with the such a state of efficiency as this race formerly tolerance if not the outright protection of the developed, with the added value of freedom civil authorities." and practical education, they will reward all The Miami (Fla.) Herald seconds this of the care and money expended on them.' motion : "The Houston Post comments approvingly "It is doubtful whether any community in upon these utterances and adds a number of the State, or of the South, for that matter, has a more orderly, industrious and respect its own along similar lines, concluding thus: able Negro population than has this city. " 'The Southern white people are simply The members of that race live by themselves, neglecting their own welfare and impeding have their own separate communities, their their own progress so long as they do not, in own businesses and their own special activi every possible way, encourage the Negroes ties. They are struggling to elevate their to become intelligent, efficient, industrious race in all the civic virtues. and thrifty people. They are going to be "And yet, it is painful to chronicle, there here always and we cannot afford to permit is frequent complaint on the part of the them to drift. Their labor is needed and better class of colored people that they are always will be needed, and when they learn often most unjustly used by unscrupulous how to do -things well they will be a tre mendous factor in the South's progress and white men. Defenseless Negroes are assaulted civilization.' " by white men and practically have no de fense or protection. They are imposed upon All this argument is encouraging, but not in business transactions and it has been cir altogether satisfactory. That bit, for cumstantially related that they are often sub instance, on the "state of efficiency" which jected to official tyranny by overbearing and "this race formerly developed," is delicious. brutal officers." OPINION 283 On the other hand, read these two bits of other forms of manual labor, rather than Southern humor—for joy, like grief, reveals book learning. 'Teach the Negro to use his the real man. The Greensboro (N. C.) hands in honest labor and not his head in Everything says: scheming how to avoid labor,' is believed to "The race question bobbed up a little in be an extract from an address by Senator Greensboro this week. A Negro wanted to Vardaman. And yet, when the opportunity move in a house he had bought, located arises to teach the Negro on the lines laid among the whites, and the whites simply said down by the Senator, and on the lines of it wouldn't do. The matter will be amicably greatest economic benefit to the race and to settled. It must be. This is a white man's the South, Mr. Vardaman is the first to town, and the African knows it. For the object ! most part he is willing to admit it. There "Such an exhibition of racial antagonism may be no written law saying where a Negro as the Mississippi Senator gave in the Senate shall live and where a white man shall live, last week is not calculated to strengthen faith but in a white man's town there need be no in the sincerity of his previous utterances. law, because the Negroes cannot mix with It displayed his mental limitations in deal the whites. That is the long and short of ing with a subject which the South, and it. The whites are always willing to treat especially his own Slate, must face with an the colored brother right—but if he tries to open mind and without prejudice." butt in in any way he is going to be made butt out either legally or illegally." The Boston Transcript says: "Some of the speeches delivered by Varda This is from the Taylor (Tex.) Journal: man and his sympathizers read like extracts "Carl Schulenberg, a farmer living near from the harangues of the secession Senators Taylor, has started a new method of collect of 1S60, not the men who fought for the ing. He had advanced goods to a Negro man Southern Confederacy, but those who talked to be paid for in picking cotton. The Negro other men into fighting for it. The spark left him before paying up. Monday morn which has kindled the blaze of antiquated ing he found him on Main Street at the Negrophobia is the amendment offered by crossing of Broad. The Negro was very Senator Jones, of Washington, to the effect independent and seemed to feel that Mr. that the color line shall not be drawn in the Schulenberg was a soft egg because he gave application of Federal aid. In reply to this him credit. This made the axe handle in Mr. very reasonable stipulation Vardaman has Schulenberg's hand very mad and it began declared that to give Negroes the benefit of to lambast the Negro in the latest improved the funds for agricultural colleges is like an style. The Negro ran up the street and the offer to guide a man through a powder maga axe handle, accompanied by Mr. Schulenberg, zine with a lighted torch. Senator Martin, of ran after him and interested the Negro Virginia, 'argued' that the Negroes were greatly. better off under slavery than they have been since emancipation. "Don't know what the officers did about it, but guess they put the Negro to work on "The Northern reader has to rub his eyes the rock pile and rewarded the axe handle." as he reads such harangues delivered in this year of grace li) 14, to be sure that he is not dreaming." THE SMITH-LEVER BILL AND JUDGE TERRELL. Even the Waco (Tex.) News: THERE is a strong suspicion that the "We agree thoroughly with Senators Jones, South is not so anxious to debate the Clapp and Gallinger that the Negro indus Negro question as it used to be. Certainly trial and agricultural schools of the South the debate on the Smith-Lever bill was any should share some of the Federal appropria thing but encouraging to the Bourbons. One tion for farm demonstration work in this paper (we do not know its name) says: section of the country. They are citizens "Whenever the. Bleases and the Varda- the same as the whites. Many of them own mans of the South are overhauled for their property. Those who own property pay their intemperance of speech on the Negro ques taxes. The large majority of the Negro tion, they invariably point to the colored race citizens are law abiding, and the gentleman as needing instruction in agriculture and from Mississippi was playing politics—and 284 THE CRISIS very small politics at that—and catering to record was seventy-nine. Only twenty-four a reprehensible race prejudice when he op were accused of the 'usual crime' of assault posed such a measure." or attempted assault on women. On the Terrell appointment the Evening "These recent events, to which many others Post says sarcastically: could be added, reveal a state of affairs so "Can a black judge know the law? Are brutally unjust, so undemocratic, so un proud white men who violate the city ordi christian and false to our national ideals nances or who cheat and steal to be compelled that no class of our citizens can long be to hear a Negro judge define their misde safe if such conditions are tolerated in this meanors and pass sentence upon them? Not country. if Vardaman and Hoke Smith can prevent "The Bleases and Vardamans may retard it. As for President Wilson, he could not the Negro race, they may increase the num have done other than name Judge Terrell ber of indolent and vicious blacks by again without stultifying himself." denying them knowledge and a fair chance; The Ogdensburg Journal adds: but the Negro race in America is advancing "Senator Vardaman is preparing to fight rapidly in spite of all opposition; increasing confirmation. The performance may be in thousands of them are virtuous, wise and teresting if not edifying, for Mr. Vardaman useful Americans. As far as those who seek has long, glossy hair and might be mistaken to submerge the Negro succeed in their by some for a medicine man. When he dons efforts, so far they impoverish and corrupt our country and injure us all. When Ameri his war paint he will present just such a cans insult the Japanese who come to the picture as one would expect from a white United States, we stimulate personal enmity man who would so far forget himself as to and offend a great friendly nation, and the use his position in the greatest forum of effects of that form of race prejudice hurt the world in an effort to arouse racial us more than Japan. The same rules apply hatred." to all our manifestations of race prejudice. "The gospel that we proclaim and which A FOLLOWER OF JESUS CHRIST. we send and carry to distant lands is the IT is so seldom that the Christian church gospel of universal brotherhood; but when to-day speaks a clear true word on the people of the races to whom we have sent Negro problem that it is all the more wel that gospel move into our neighborhood, we come when it comes. The Congregationalist forget that they are brothers and let them says: alone so severely or treat them as so far "We are confronted to-day by a race prob inferior to ourselves that the missionaries lem which is rapidly becoming more acute and the members of the- churches which sent and menacing. It demands the immediate them to convert the heathen seem to have an action of those who love their country and entirely different kind of religion. would prevent disaster. * * * "If the recommendations of Governor "We may be brothers to the little brown Blease are followed South Carolina will lead man in Japan, but the relationship is dis in the movement, which other Southern solved when he comes to live in California. States promise to support, for the repeal of We may be brothers to the black man in the the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution Congo, but when we meet a black man in of the United States. This would complete South Carolina, or perchance in Chicago or the disfranchisement of Negro-American Boston, we are sometimes so far from pro citizens. North Carolina is seriously con claiming our kinship that we fail to recog sidering the proposal of Clarence Poe, of nize his rights as a man. the Progressive Farmer, to exclude colored "God, give us vision to-day! Our greatest farmers from land ownership in any district prophets in the twentieth century carry for where a majority vote could be polled against ward as a torch to light our pathway the them. ideals of Washington and Lincoln. They "The lynching record, which declined from proclaim the brotherhood of man. The su 1908 through 1912, rose in 1913 above every preme test of our lives comes in being year but one since 1904. Last year's terrible brothers." EDITORIAL DOES ORGANIZATION PAY? '' Nothing can be done." " It's no use.'' THE colored Americans "Let prejudice alone." Nonsense! have not yet realized the Weak and slow though our cause still strength or efficiency of may be, yet remember: organization. They con Not to the swift nor to the strong tinually complain of The battles of the right belong, inability to co-operate, For he who strikes for freedom wears of disintegrating tendencies, of inef The armor of the captive's prayers. fective beginnings of union. And Nature proffers to his cause The strength of her eternal laws. Yet even in the midst of complaints While she whose arm essays to bind union has been accomplished, organiza And herd with common brutes, his kind, tion has become effective. We have Strives evermore at fearful odds passed those pitiable years of internal With Nature and the jealous gods, turmoil when half the race seemed to And dares the dread recoil which late have their faces turned back toward Or soon, their right shall vindicate. slavery. We have entered an epoch when There are 36,000 copies of this issue so great an enemy of the Negro race as of THE CRISIS being read this month. Clarence Poe, of North Carolina, can There are at least 100,000 readers. If write: "Everybody knows that the every reader becomes a member of the Negroes stand together!" National Association for the Advance Having thus taken the first steps ment of Colored People, the battle for toward effective organization, let us go Negro rights is won! forward. Let us not halt and bicker and criticise, like Harry C. Smith in the Cleveland Gazette, because we have not THE CIVILIZATION OF MISSISSIPPI. in a few years undone the structure IN the Western part of the reared by prejudice in a half century. State of Mississippi, on We have not, to be sure, even stirred the low banks of the the foundations of disfranchisement and Father of Waters, and "Jim Crow" legislation. But we are about fifty miles above welding the hammers and we mean Vicksburg, is the quiet business. and beautiful county of Washington. But, reader, do you mean business? Fifty thousand people live there, of Do you realize what 10,000,000 united whom 41,500 are colored and the rest are people can do? Have you joined the whites of good native American parent National Association for the Advance age. In the county seat—Greenville— ment of Colored People and sent your live 10,000 people, largely white, and dollar to do its duty? ten miles west of Greenville is the little Or are you drifting, with so many village of Leland, with a thousand souls white Americans, under the excuse that or less. 286 THE CRISIS It is a typical Southern country vil These are the simple facts. Mr. lage. Doubtless the Methodist Church. Roosevelt has hitherto rather ostenta South, has one of the Lord's Shepherds tiously avoided them. He visited Rio there and, of course, there is a Baptist Janeiro, with a Negroid population in Church for whites, not to mention one the hundred thousands, and almost over or two colored churches. looked them; he visited Bahia, if we mis After this preliminary information take not, which has more Negroes than we append this society note from Leland any city in the world, and quite forgot sent by the Associated Press: them. At last, however, Mr. Roosevelt coyly LELAND, "MISS., February 24—Sam Petty, approaches his subject. The editors warn a Negro, accused of having' killed a deputy away the frivolous with these protesting sheriff. Charles W. Kirkland, was shot by a italics: "It may be noted that in this mob of 300 men to-night and his body article Mr. Roosevelt is not attempting burned. Petty, wanted on a trivial charge, killed to justify or condemn the Brazilian Kirkland with a shotgun when the officer attitude toward the Negro as con entered a cabin late to-day in which the trasted with that of the United States, Negro had taken refuge. Petty was cap but simply to set forth clearly what the tured by a posse, bound and placed in an Brazilian attitude is hi fact." oil-soaked dry-goods box and the match ap Mr. Roosevelt then, in characteristic plied. A moment later the man, his clothing fashion, states three facts and two aflame, broke from his fastenings and started falsehoods. to run. but before he could gain headway was shot dead. The facts are: The body was put back in the box, fresh 1. Brazil is absorbing the Negro inflammables were piled about it, and within race. half an hour it was burned to ashes. 2. There is no color bar to advance Nothing has been done in this matter. ment. The President is busy in Mexico and 3. There is no social bar to advance Panama and the Reverend G. Campbell ment, but the mass of full-blooded Morgan is preaching in Atlanta on the Negroes are still in the lower social evils of the tango. President Eliot is class. toying with woman's suffrage and James Then come the falsehoods: K. Vardaman is flooding Congress with 1. The best men in the United States light and hope. In fact, "God's in His believe "in treating each man of what Heaven, all's right with the world." ever color absolutely on his worth as a man, allowing him full opportunity to achieve the success warranted by his BRAZIL. ability and integrity, and giving to him AS a magnificent essay in the full measure of respect to which that valiant timidity we success entitles him." This is not so recommend Mr. and Mr. Roosevelt knows it is not so. Theodore Roosevelt's The best men in the United States be "Brazil and the Negro" lieve that their "civilization" can only in the Outlook. The be maintained by compelling all per story which he has to tell is simple: sons of Negro descent to occupy an There are in Brazil 8,300,000 Negroes inferior place. The exceptions to this and mulattoes; 3.700,000 Indian and belief are negligible. mixed Indian-whites and 8,000.000 per 2. That the Brazilians regard the sons of European descent. All these Negro element in their blood as "a elements are fusing into one light slight weakening." What do Brazilians mulatto race. say as to this "slight weakening"? We EDITORIAL 287 quote from Dr. Jean Baptiste de But a vast number of people are not Lacerda, director of the National satisfied with such bare facts. They Museum of Rio Janeiro: want to bolster them up with scientific The metis of Brazil have given birth lies and social insult. They want to down to our own time to poets of no mean scare and beat people into doing pre inspiration, painters, sculptors, distin cisely what people would do without guished musicians, magistrates, lawyers, bogies and force, and the result is that eloquent orators, remarkable writers, they not only accomplish what they medical men and engineers, who have wish, but they also accomplish poverty, been unrivaled in the technical skill and crime, prostitution, ignorance, lynching, professional ability. * * * mob violence and the ruin of democratic government for the unfortunate victims •"The co-operation of the metis in the of their lies. All this is clear, but to advance of Brazil is notorious and far expect Theodore Roosevelt to say it from inconsiderable. They played the plainly without twistings and equivoca chief part during many years in Brazil tion is to expect the millennium. in the campaign for the abolition of slavery. I could quote celebrated names of more than one of these metis who put A HELPER. themselves at the head of the literary THE National Association movement. They fought with firmness for the Advancement of and intrepidity in the press and on the Colored People regrets platform. They faced with courage the to lose the services of greatest perils to which they were ex Dr. M. C. B. Mason. We posed in their struggle against the have need, and pressing powerful slave owners, who had the pro need, of an organizer in the field, but tection of a conservative government. funds are not yet available and it is They gave evidence of sentiments of manifestly unfair to ask a man of Dr. patriotism, self-denial and appreciation Mason's standing to serve for a pittance during the long campaign in Paraguay, or upon a contingent salary. We hope fighting heroically at the boarding of still to retain Dr. Mason's interest and the ships in the canal battle of Ria we wish him all success in his new work. chuelo and in the attacks of the Brazilian army, on numerous occasions VEILED INSULTS. in the course of this long South Ameri WE have spoken before of can war. It was owing to their support the custom in the United that the republic was erected on the States of refusing to ruins of the empire." capitalize the word And what of all this? Is it not a '' Negro.'' plea for intermarriage of whites and Before 1850 the use blacks in the United States? It is not. of the capital letter was practically It is a plea for truth. It is a denial universal, but with the determined on that lying will settle any human prob slaught upon the Negro-American in the lem. Most white people in the United decade previous to the war, the present States prefer to marry white people. insulting custom was fixed. Note for a That is perfectly proper and defensible. moment the quite unconscious result: Most colored people prefer to marry The Kansas City Journal publishes an colored people. This is perfectly logical admirable little lay sermon on a certain and commendable. These facts need no much heralded experiment in racial defense and need no proof. They are culture. We abstract three paragraphs: the easily understandable desire of both "The imagination readily responds to races. the effort to bring up representatives of 288 THE CRISIS half a dozen or more races—American, in some instances may be the attain Chinese, Indian, negro, Japanese, Jew, ment or utilization of these means, is Russian, etc.— in an environment which a child race no more, and nothing short shall be uniform, which shall be directed of a deliberate intention to subscribe to to the task of permitting human nature, Tillman-Vardamanism and to help in rather than any of its racial subdivi the propagation of the doctrine of sions, to take its course, subject to the ineradicable race inferiority should per modifications of a universal environ mit us for a moment to designate ment. * # * ourselves or each other as "black Web- "Will the little American, the little sters," "black Sousas," "black Emer- Jew, the little Italian, the little sons," black this and black that. Chinese, the little negro and all the I can think of no reason, inherent, other little ones grow up to be men and acquired or otherwise conditional, why women who conform to a uniform in our respective lines of endeavor we standard of intellectual and spiritual should not be willing to be measured measurement, forgetting in the new fairly by universal standards, with the knowledge of proper training all the hope of giving a good account of our heritage of their racial origin and all selves, and, in any event, be content the evils of an undesirable environ with the result. ment? * * * Who ever heard of a "white Fred. "In still other words, is not one good Douglass," a "white Coleridge-Taylor" citizen just as good as any other good or even a "white Jack Johnson"? Let's citizen, regardless of whether he is an stand a little more nearly erect on our American, a Jew, an Italian, a negro, a own feet and be sensible. Chinese, a Japanese or what not?" B. F. BOWLES. In substance nothing could be better than these statements; but can anyone MUSIC. read them and for a moment think of the Negro race as equal to other races? ONE of the methods of Yet some of the best friends of colored exploiting inexperienced people persist in this species of insult. persons is to advertise for song poems to be set to music. The ambitious THE IMITATION MANIA. poet is then mulcted of IMITATION is the sin- $25 or $50 and the "song" published. cerest flattery." It is One such fearsome mess comes to us also a confession of from Oklahoma, published by music inferiority. publishers in Washington, D. C. The A race even fifty music is nothing and the poetry is less. years removed from We warn our readers against such slavery surrounded as ours is by "the schemes. They involve a waste of means of grace," however inconvenient precious time and money. SPRING. By WILLIAM MOORE I COME with a song and flowers; And green growing grass and rill Of brooks, and spell of showers, And life to your heart's sweet fill, For I am spring! THE New Abolition and Its Work THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE 19, to raise the funds necessary to meet the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE expenses of the conference. The branch has ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. engaged the Williams colored singers for the occasion. THE sixth annual conference of the * National Association will be held in Baltimore is the furthest South that the Baltimore May 3, 4 and 5, with a post- National Association has yet called a con conference meeting in Washington May 6, ference. We urge every reader of THE and a meeting with the National Conference CRISIS and every member of the association of Charities and Correction in Memphis, to help us by advertising the conference and Tenn., during the week of May 8. by being present, if possible, in person to encourage us in our work. The opening session of the Baltimore con ference will be Sunday afternoon, May 3, and there will be afternoon and evening ses NOTES FROM BRANCHES. sions Monday and Tuesday. All the sessions will be public, with the exception of the ST. PAUL. executive sessions Monday and Tuesday THE officers of the new branch recently mornings, which will be open only to A formed at St. Paul are: Col. J. H. members. Davidson, president; Mrs. Lillian A. Various aspects of the following subjects Turner, secretary; Mr. Louis Nash, treasurer; will be considered at the conference: Edu executive committee: Mr. Hugh F. Halbert, cation, segregation, "Jim Crow" cars and the Dr. Parley P. Womer, Rabbi Rypins, Mrs. political rights of the Negro. Among the T. H. Lyles, Mr. Jose H. Sherwood, Mr. speakers are Mr. Charles J. Bonaparte, ex- W. T. Francis, Dr. Val Do Turner, Mr. 0. Attorney-General of the United States, a C. Hall, Mr. J. H. Loomis, Judge Grier M. grandson of a brother of Napoleon Bona Orr, Mrs. Bryant, Mr. George W. James, parte; Dr. Katherine Bement Davis, com Mr. J. Q. Adams. missioner of correction of New York City; The branch has a membership of over Senator Wesley L. Jones, of Washington, 100 and includes many of the leading busi who led the fight for the Jones amendment ness men and educators of the city, both to the Smith-Lever bill; Mrs. La Follette, white and colored. The first meeting that wife of Senator La Follette; Mr. Oswald the new branch held does great credit to its Garrison Villard; Mrs. Coralie F. Cook; enterprise and to the talent of its members. Bishop John Hurst; the Rev. R. W. Bag- The meeting was held in the Plymouth Con nall; Mr. Archibald H. Grimke and others. gregational Church. On the platform were The local committee of arrangements in Dr. George Vincent, president of the State Baltimore consists of Dr. Harvey Johnson, University; Dr. T. Morey, president of chairman; Dr. F. N. Cardoza, vice-chairman; MacAlester College; Dr. Samuel Kerfoot, Dr. G. R. Waller; Mr. W. T. McGuinn; Dr. president of Hamline University, and the H. S. McCard; Mr. C. L. Davis; Mr. John Rev. P. P. Womer, pastor of the Plymouth Murphy, Sr., and Miss Lucy D. Slowe, Congregational Church. The address of the secretary. Additional members of the evening was made by Dr. Shailer Matthews, various committees are Prof. Mason A- dean .of the divinity department of the Hawkins, Messrs. James Hughes and Harry Chicago University. His subject was "Abra 0. Wilson and Mrs. Jennie Ross. They have ham Lincoln and Fifty Years After." Dr. already begun their work. Clippings just Matthews was introduced by Governor A. 0. received at national headquarters announce Eberhart. Dr. Matthews said in part: a concert to be given under the auspices of "There, is a disposition to treat the Negro the committee at Albaugh's Theatre, March as a half personality, a half man; he must 290 THE CRISIS be considered as a personality, for he is SEATTLE. unquestionably one of the great factors in The officers of the branch recently formed tins country to-day. Race antagonism has in Seattle are as follows: Mrs. Letitia A. developed within the last fifty years. There Graves, president; Mr. G. W. Jones, vice- is antagonism between various races, but president ; Mrs. Zoe Graves Young, recording the feeling against the Negro has increased secretary; Mrs. W. L. Presto, corresponding to an unusual extent. The difficult phase of secretary; Mr. G. 0. Allen, treasurer; execu the present situation, which is approaching tive board: Mr. G. W. Thompson, Mr. Lee a crisis, is that the best element of the Negro A. Hankins, Mr. B. F. Tutt, Mrs. S. D. Stone, race is not in the best position to help the Mr. A. R. Black, Mr. S. H. Stone. worse element. They lack education, finan TALLADEGA. cial status and influence, and their mental The Talladega branch announces the fol state is not developed highly enough. Give lowing officers elected at their last meeting: them the education, give them the oppor Prof. William Pickens, president; Mr. E. E. tunity to make good, give the Negro the Lightner, secretary; Mr. Hampton Taylor, 'square deal' to which he is entitled." treasurer; executive committee: Dr. E. H. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Jones, Dr. J. P. Barton, Dr. F. W. Terry, The District of Columbia branch keeps Rev. W. L. Boyd, Mr. Y. A. Brockman. Rev. up its high standard of remarkable meetings. A. T. Clark. On the anniversary of the birthday of TRENTON. Frederick Douglass, February 18, a mass The officers of the Trenton branch are as meeting was held in the Nineteenth Street follows: Rev. J. A. White, president; Mr. Baptist Church. The chief speakers were Nathan Hovington, vice-president; Sir. T. Dr. Joel E. Spingarn, Dr. Du Bois, Senator Edward Kinney, secretary; Mr. J. Williams, Clapp, the Reverend Mr. Hudson and Mr. treasurer; Rev. R. M. Johnson, chaplain; Archibald H. Grinike, who presided. executive committee: Dr. Solomon Porter The chairman read a paper which Senator Hood, chairman; Rev. L. 0. Jones, Prof. Clapp called one of the best he had ever George W. Clark, Mr. Philijj Logan, Sir. heard. Dr. Spingarn told of his Western D. J. Graham, Dr. Howard Bundy, Rev. trip, and Dr. Du Bois related the history of L. C. Hurdle, Sir. John Lewis, Sir. William the 'Irish struggle for liberty. Senator H. Salters, Sir. John SI. Herbert. Clapp and the Reverend Mr. Hudson aroused the audience to prolonged applause by elo quent appeals. There were S00 persons present. SEGREGATION. PHILADELPHIA. THAT segregation among civil service is The Philadelphia branch, which has had a still with us is indicated by the bills intro most creditable increase in its members, an duced by Congressman Edwards, of Georgia, nounces a meeting to be held in the Friends' and Aswell, of Louisiana, which propose the Sleeting House. Dr. Edgar F. Smith, provost segregation of the races in various govern of the University of Pennsylvania, is to lie ment departments and throughout the civil the chief speaker. Mr. Henry Wilbur, service in the United States. At a hearing secretary of the Friends' general conference, before the House committee on reform in will make the welcoming address, and there the civil service, held on March 6, Mr. will be other noted people on the program. Edwards frankly said that if he could have PROVIDENCE. his way he would eliminate the colored The recently elected officers of the Provi government employee. dence branch are: Dr. J. J. Robinson, presi Sir. Archibald H. Grimke, president of the dent; Mr. J. C. Minkins, first vice-president District of Columbia branch, represented the and chairman of the executive board; National Association. Sir. Grimke predicted Rev. C. C. Alleyne, second vice-president; that the colored race would be a part of the Mr. Frederic Carter, third vice-president; governing class of this country within fifty Miss Roberta J. Dunbar, secretary; Rev. years. He declared that the South had Zechariah Harrison, treasurer; executive handled the Negro problem in the wrong way board: Mr. James Dixon, Mr. William A. and that this eventually would become ap Heathman, Dr. A. L. Jackson, Mr. William parent. Sir. Grimke made a deep P. H. Freeman, Mr. Robert L. Smith. impression. OUR LEGAL BUREAU By CHAPIN BRINSMADE Attorney-in-charge IF the National Association for the co-operation with the branches, he can not Advancement of Colored People is only more successfully conduct his own work, to obtain the best possible results from but also can the better advise the branches its legal work we should keep constantly with respect to their eases. in mind the ultimate object which we In an attempt to put the legal work upon hope to accomplish by it. This object this desirable basis, all the branches have we conceive to be the building up of been asked to send a statement describing a body of judicial decisions which shall (1) the organization and personnel of their comprehensively state the law on the subject legal-redress committees; (2) the arrange of civil and political rights; which shall ments, financial and otherwise, which they mold that law, so far as possible, along have made with attorneys, and (3) the legal lines which admit of no distinctions whatever work which they have recently done, are on grounds of race or color; and which, in now doing or have in prospect. The pro so far as they fail to do this, shall point out curing of this information, it is hoped, will the direction which legislation calculated to inaugurate a system of cordial and helpful supplement these decisions should take. co-operation which should get results. Viewing the matter in this light, it is The following are some of the matters on apparent at once that the work becomes a which the attorney is now engaged: national and not a local problem. Of course, each locality has its peculiar needs. Dis CIVIL RIGHTS. crimination manifests itself differently in New York has proved a difficult place to different places, so that one locality neces win civil-rights actions. Of the six or seven sarily devotes particular attention to civil- cases recently reported, all but one were rights cases, another to educational matters such that, for one reason or another, we did and still another to residential segregation. not feel justified in pressing them. As to All, however, should look at these problems the one good case, we are moving slowly. from the same point of view. All should Our object is not to bring as many cases regard them as different manifestations of as possible, but to win one or two decisively. the one evil which we are fighting, namely, It is hoped that in the next issue of THE race discrimination. That is the principle CRISIS we shall have something of impor under which all these seemingly different tance to report in this connection. problems can be harmonized. CONGRESS. If then we are to regard this matter as a national problem it is apparent that close Smith-Lever Bill—Whatever the final co-operation between the various branches outcome of our fight for justice in the of the National Association for the Advance distribution of funds for agricultural ment of Colored People and between each extension work, much will have been branch and the national attorney is essen accomplished. The name of the asso tial. The national attorney must know at ciation was brought prominently before the all times what cases are being handled by Senate and through it before the people of the different branches. He is in a position to the country as a champion of equality and view the problem as a whole, to see in what justice. The attorney, during his stay in respects the law of race discrimination is Washington, saw a great number of Senators, lagging behind and in what directions it is and in personal interviews brought clearly keeping abreast of the times. If having this to their attention the work of the associa viewpoint he has also the benefit of cordial tion. A large part of his time was also 292 THE CRISIS spent in seeing newspaper men and getting that Southern Senators are openly making them to give space to our side of the ques color a reason for declining to confirm an tion. But, best of all, the fact that it was' appointment of the President. Judge our association which caused the two days' Terrell's record on the bench has been such debate in the Senate and forced the accept that the South was unable to find any pre ance by the South of the Shafroth amend text for this opposition. It was forced ment was made plain to the Senate. Senator to come out into the open and oppose him Gallinger read on the floor of the Senate a on account of his color. Senator Clapp has letter of protest from this association, com stated that he will do all in his power to menting on the fact that such people as Mr. get the Senate to act favorably on the Storey, Miss Addams and Mr. Villard were nomination. members of our board, and Senator Works read a telegram from the California branch PRIVATE ANDERSON. of the National Association for the Advance The association has achieved another ment of Colored People. Our part in the notable success in the legal-aid work. Some fight was made clear to the people of the months ago Private Samuel Anderson, of country through newspaper comments which the mounted detachment of the 25th Infantry, stated that the Jones amendment was insti a soldier who had served one enlistment gated by this association. blamelessly in the 9th Cavalry and had never The bill is now in conference, the House had a serious charge against him in the having declined to concur in the Senate 25th Infantrj', was sentenced by a court amendments. The personnel of the con martial in Honolulu to a period of five years' ference committee is as follows: For the imprisonment on the charge of having bur Senate: Smith, of Georgia; Smith, of South glariously entered the quarters of a white Carolina, and Brady, of Idaho. For the woman, wife of a soldier, with intent to House: Lever, of South Carolina; Lee, of do wrong. The testimony was largely cir Georgia, and Haugen, of Iowa. All the cumstantial and the character of the chief Democrats are Southern Democrats. More witness against him was not what it had over, Brady was one of the two Republicans first appeared. Fortunately, Anderson found who opposed the Jones amendment through a warm champion in Capt. Charles F. Bates, out. We have therefore only one friend on of the 25th Infantry. Captain Bates laid the conference committee. In spite of this the matter before the then chairman of the fact, we hope for a favorable conference association, Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, report on the Shafroth amendment. We be in September last, and Mr. Villard person lieve that the chairman of the committee and ally interviewed the judge-advocate-general the man who will probably control it, Hoke of the army. Captain Bates brought the Smith, of Georgia, will prevent the rejec details of the case to New York in December, tion of the amendment, not from any fond when he arrived on leave of absence, most of ness for it—far from it—but from a dis which he has devoted in the most self- inclination which seems to be shared by a sacrificing way to this case. In addition, in number of other Southern Senators for a connection with Captain Bates, Mr. Villard further debate on the race question in the submitted to the judge-advocate-general three Senate. opinions on the case obtained from John Should the conference committee reject Chipman Gray, of the Harvard law school, the amendment our friends are prepared to Moorfield Storey, our national president, and make a fight against the report. Should this ex-judge William G. Choate, of New York, fight fail our protest will be promptly made all of which strongly upheld the view that to the President, urging him to veto the bill. the conviction was an improper one. The JUDGE TERRELL. ease was duly passed upon by the judge- advocate-general, the Assistant Secretary of Apprised by newspaper reports of Senator War and the Secretary of War, and as a Vardaman's announced intention to defeat result of the association's work Samuel Judge Terrell's confirmation, we promptly Anderson has been released from confinement sent to Senator Clapp an open letter pro and given his liberty. This does not undo the testing against such action. The letter has wrong done, but at least it saves him from received wide publicity and will serve to four and a half years' imprisonment. call the attention of the country to the fact JIMMY (A Story) By FRENCH WILSON THE little boy (it was a There was a true love between these two, Negro child) stirred and the man and the woman, a love that had tossed feverishly. The started in childhood and remained faithful woman (and she was also until Monroe had graduated from the law "colored") knelt by the cot school of H University and returned to with all a mother's agony take up his practice in his home town, and showing in her dark moist to. marry the girl of his heart. It had been eyes. Her husband sat beside her, his face a long uphill fight for the young lawyer, expressing nothing but the patient, suffering, but he had borne his burden unfalteringly doglike humility of his race. The tall and now was beginning to reap his reward. physician (he was a white man) straightened Certainly he was a well-known figure in himself and slowly, sorrowfully shook his court circles, and his modern, well-furnished head. home gave token of his material prosperity. "It's too bad," he said in his kindly voice. A staunch supporter of his race, his sus "The lad's life is wrecked, physically, and I picions were continually on watch, and there fear mentally." was never a measure to degrade it that did A tear welled up and dropped from the not receive his bitterest opposition, and never woman's eye. The man had arisen, and now one to help or uplift it to which he did not gazed apathetically down upon the little give his utmost zeal. patient. The doctor paused in the act of When a warden of the State reformatory reaching for bis case. Again he shook his surrendered his position and came before head as he looked at the figure outlined the court with a horrible tale of the mis beneath the coverlet. Bandages, he knew, treatment of the children at the institution, covered cruel welts on breast and back. A Monroe was one of the first to demand an bruise on the lip and a gap in the row of investigation; and when, among other little teeth completed the story. Something things, the committee discovered one little Negro lad almost dead and raving mad, it choking arose in his throat. He turned was Monroe who, in the fulness of his heart, swiftly away. procured the child's immediate release and "By God," he muttered fiercely, "it's un carried him to his own home. bearable. This sort of thing can't go on. It must stop." Twelve years of age was "Jimmy" Brown. Twelve orphan years had he lived, and two He blindly grasped his hat and strode of them had been spent under the bane of from the room. At the door he turned: the "reform farm." Twelve years, but the "Don't forget. Every hour while he's little figure was frail and the face, thin and awake. And if anything develops don't fail old looking as it was, held nothing of a to call me." boyish nature. The man followed him downstairs. In "He's only a baby." There was something the hall below they looked into each other's of awe in her voice. eyes and their hands met in a long, firm, The man gulped and nodded. "Only a comprehensive grasp. And the doctor left. baby." The woman looked up when she felt the The boy awoke. His gaze wandered, man's comforting arm around her. uncomprehending, over the walls and ceil "He'll never have to go through it again," ing until it rested upon the twain kneeling she said. together by the cot. There was a sharp "No, Lela, he's ours now." exclamation. A wild terror dawned and "Jimmy," she whispered. "My boy." deepened in the eyes, and the child shrank 294 THE CRISIS to the extreme edge of the cot, his face Jimmy improved slowly, but the doctor wincing in pain. stopped leaving medicine and his calls be "God," came in a hoarse whisper from the came less and less frequent, some restriction man as he turned away. on the patient's diet being removed at every Some minutes later his wife found him call. in his study. Desperation was pictured on He was a lovable little chap, uncomplain her face and her voice was tremulous as she ing, grateful. They loved him and it seemed asked: as if his frail fingers but drew their hearts "Won't you see what you can do with him? the closer together. He was a born story He won't eat or take his medicine, and every teller also, and many an evening was spent time that I come near him he screams and listening to his quaint dialect as he told queer looks just awful." little tales which he had picked up from Without a word the man arose and fol somewhere, or recounted bits of conversation, lowed her. He noticed how the terror- scenes or incidents that he had heard or stricken eyes fell upon them as they entered witnessed from his window. Sometimes he the door, and followed their every move. He would break into a boisterous laugh, and noticed how the thin lips drew back in a the woman's hand would reach out and snarl as he approached the bed. Then it touch the man's; and he, understanding, came to him at once. Of course, force had would return the pressure. But sometimes always been used. the boy's voice would be grave and there "Jimmy." he said in a harsh tone, "be would be tears in his eyes as he told some quiet." cruel story of the "reform farm." And It hurt him to see the child cowering into sometimes he would tell of his own mis whimpering obedience, but he grit his teeth treatment: but then there would be no .tears, and forced the boy to take and swallow the only a light that softly glowed: medicine. Not until they had retreated to " 'Ah'll break yo sperit, yo' li'l brack the other side of the room, however, would bastard,' he sed. 'Yas, ah'll show yo' who's the lad touch the broth which Mrs. Monroe de boss.' An' he beat me wid dat hosswhup. had prepared, and then it was pitiful to see An' w'en ah cried, he hollahed: 'Shet up.' the hurried avidity with which he devoured An' he hit me in de mouf, lak dat. An' den it, keeping watchful eve, meanwhile, upon his ah stahted lafifin'. Ah didn' wantah laff, but benefactors. hit seem lak ah jes' couldn't he'p it. An' For one whole delirious week they nursed dat made him mad an' he beat me a 'hole him thus. And sometimes there were cries lot mo". An' somehow 'r othar, ah jes' and moans, and cruel laughs, and horrible couldn't stop laffin". An' bimeby ah jes' curses, things that issued strangely from the fell ovah an', he kep' on beatin' me. An' boy's lips, those baby lips that should have den " known nothing but childish prattle. And "And then what, Jimmy?" always there was that terrorstricken look "Don" know," with a tired sigh. " 'Pears in the eyes, and ever anon would come that lak ah jes cain't ricollec'." ugly snarl to his lips. Then the man would clench his hands and But one morning the woman found a new hurriedly leave the room, and the woman expression on his face. The fear was still would clasp the little waif to her breast. there, but a curiosity lay back of it and the "It's all right now, Jimmy. You're my wildness was gone. boy now." "Dis hyeh fo' me?" he asked hesitantly, A contented smile and a murmured: as she lay his breakfast before him. "Yas'm, 's all right now." "Yes. Jimmy." The summer waned into fall, and though And when he had finished: his face brightened continually, the patient's " 'Sense me, but whut's yo' name? Ah body remained weak and he still had to be don' know whut to call yo'-all." carried up and down for his few daily hours A great tenderness welled up in the in the morning and evening air. But the woman's breast. She took the little face remembrance of his happy, grateful eyes between her hands and imprinted a gentle lightened Mrs. Monroe's household cares kiss on the thin lips. considerably, and the sight of them, after "Call me mamma. Jimmy," she said. a hard afternoon's work, was like a tonic "You're my boy now." to the young lawyer. JIMMY 295 But one day the woman, hearing' a cry The autumn deepened into the haze of from the sickroom, hastened to find Jimmy Indian summer and Jimmy advanced so far on his knees before the window, his form that he was able to walk downstairs. Then stiffened in an attitude of fright. When it was touching to witness his eagerness to she called him he turned with a wild work, to help with I lie household duties, to grating laugh that made her heart sink; she do something, anything, that might be a fell to weeping softly. He yielded to her slight return for the kindness shown him. comforting arms, but in answer to her Mrs. Monroe did assign him a few tasks and questions he only shook his head. In a few the sight of his happy, busy little self made minutes, however, it was apparently all her face her own cares with singing heart, over, and if she thought it strange she kept while Mr. Monroe, seeing the life shining her ponderings to herself. in the little face again, began to lay plans Jimmy's room had now become a settled for entering him into school at the beginning meeting place for the family at bedtime. of the next term. Attired for the night's rest, they would dis Came the day when the man, returning cuss the day's happenings or lay plans for for dinner, wore a careworn expression on the morrow or the next day or for the time his usually stolid face, and would vouchsafe when Jimmy should have convalesced. Or no reply to the woman's questions. maybe Monroe would talk of some of the After the meal, in a constrained voice: problems that were confronting him. "Could you fix me a little lunch? I might One evening he seemed somewhat more not be home this evening." morose than usual. After their conversa But he did return that evening, and tion he told his wife, in a low tone, of again: several discouraging happenings, certain bills "Could you fix me another lunch? I'll introduced into the legislature that the have to go back." governor had been only too glad to com Then she caught him by the shoulders and, mend: segregation in the civil service, dis looking up into his eyes, said tenderly: crimination politically at Washington and "Frank, you just must tell me. If any lynching*—two in Texas, one in Alabama, thing should happen." one in Pennsylvania and two in their own He sat down and covered his face with State. When he had finished there was his hands. silence for a while and then little Jimmy "It's not much. Henry Tailor is hiding in sadly shook his head: my office." "Dey does treat mah peop'l bad— "Henry Tailor—hiding—in your office? evahwheb." Oh, Frank, what is it?" He told of incidents that had come under "White girl living next door was his small ken. But at the last the eyes took assaulted. The family accused Tailor. on a far-away look and the voice became That's about all." weird: A low groan escaped the woman's lips. "But deyll come a time w'en mah peop'l The man arose. jes' won' stan' fo' it no longah. An' dey'll "Well. I'm trying to get him to give him be fiah, an' shootin' an' men yellin' and self up." wimmen faintin' an' chillun cryiri', an' "Frank, do you think " evahbody'll be jes' wil\ An' w'en dat time He nodded. gits hyeh " He trailed off into silence. "I'm going to try. You know the sheriff "What then, Jimmy?" promised me that no client of mine would The boy smiled and shook his head. But ever get out. Tailor's evidence is clean cut. after the others were asleep- he crawled out If -" of bed and over to the window. One small And upstairs, crouched before the window, finger pointed across the street. one tiny finger pointing across the street, "An' w'en dat time gits hyeh," he Jimmy was saying: repeated, "I'se gwine ter kill him." "An' w'en dat time gits hyeh, I'se A ml into his mind came the picture of a gwine ter kill him." big coarse-faced man holding a horsewhip— Two days later the man burst into the the warden who had nearly finished Jimmy's house in midafternoon, with a dark grim- young life and who was now living in the ness on his lips and a shadowy light in his house just opposite. eyes. 296 THE CRISIS "Oh, there's hell to pay," he muttered squarely on the distorted features of a man hoarsely in answer to her unspoken question. who had his hand twisted in the victim's "They're trying to get him." collar. He dashed up the stairs, grabbed his "It's him." cartridge belt with the brace of holsters, A moment's hesitation and—a small dark fastened it about him under his coat as he figure shot out into the street, threading its hurried down, roughly kissed his wife and, way through the legs of the crowd toward with a slam of the door, was gone. the cruel-faced warden. One instant and the Jimmy awoke with noise ringing in his flashing blade had buried itself in the fel ears. He listened eagerly. Yes, there it low's breast. The next—and the boy was was. He could hear the shooting and the knocked down and trodden under the feet shouting. At last, at of the mob. last. The time had ar * * * rived. He dressed with The woman moaned trembling, hastening and it seemed to the fingers and stole softly listening man that in the into Monroe's room. He sound of her voice was noticed that the brace of embodied all the pulsing pistols was gone, but grief of a mother race for what he wanted hung on her sons. The boy on the the wall beside an old cot lay very still. The rifle—a slender, stiletto flesh hung on his bones like hunting knife. in quivering shreds, a The woman did not deep furrow showed hear the soft opening where a bullet had and closing of the door. ploughed, along his Neither did she see the crushed face, and it little figure gliding across seemed to the three who the street. Nor did she watched in silent woe witness the disappoint that each feeble breath ment on the face as he that dragged into the sensed, somehow, that his shattered lungs must be enemy was out of reach, the last. and crouched in sudden "Oh, God, how long?" weakness beside the fence. came through the gritted A discouraging fear teeth of the physician, stole over the boy's soul, and the man knew that and the knife in his hand the cry was against the seemed to mock him. prejudice and vicious Then he started and license that had placed looked around the corner the boy there. of the fence, realizing A long stillness fol that the noise that lowed while they watched awakened him had been the life ebb in and out of steadily growing and now the little body. was almost deafening. At last the eyes opened, He saw men and boys and back of their poig running back and forth, nant suffering lay the and behind, a great crowd of them, yelling peace of great content. The lips essayed to like infuriated demons, pushing, pulling, move, and three hearts stood still as the three dragging, knocking, kicking along one heads bent to catch the husky, broken defenseless Negro, one of "his people." whisper. He shivered and a sob arose in his throat. "A'—go'—got 'im." But the next instant the starting tears Silence. Then one long despairing wail drew back and his muscles tensed. For the last ray of the setting sun had fallen from the woman: "Jimmy! THE NEGRO AS A LAND OWNER By HENRY W. WILBUR Economic prosperity has secure the Negro a share of the soil of his come to all the races of native land before it is too late. Such men more normally and plan can be projected as a business transac easily by land ownership tion, involving practically no possibility of and successful tilling of the loss. While the plan should contain the soil than in any other way. element of a wise sympathy, it should not In short, this is the road be philanthropic to the extent of any of progress for men along the line of least attempt to pauperize the Negro. What the resistance. This observation is literally true black man wants is not charity, but a applied to the American Negro, whether chance. we consider him in the North as a trans There are colored men in every Southern planted citizen from Dixie, or on his native community who under proper conditions heather in the Southland, where the sweat can buy land, produce crops and pay for of his ancestors contributed so largely to their farms. They are doing it now under the economic prosperity of the master class, such an unfavorable handicap as would and indirectly to that hold-over prejudice paralyze the average Northern man who has and injustice which stares the Negro in the had to become a land owner by first face in the South and unfortunately to a becoming a borrower. Two ways of practi considerable extent in the North. cally and safely helping the Southern Negro Economic possibility for any class of men to become a successful tiller of his own who are practically without capital de farm present themselves. mands cheap land. The South has such The first thing to do is to face a situa land; in the main, the North has not. For tion already prevalent in many communi that reason the combined land and Negro ties in Dixie. That involves helping colored question has its most natural application men to carry the load of debt under which in the South. But conditions are rapidly they are now necessarily struggling. In the shifting in that section. Land is increasing first place, the interest charges are heavier in value, and in all probability the cheap than are warranted by the earning capacity land of the South will be either segregated of the land, except under the most con or appropriated within a decade. tinuous favorable circumstances. It is Very soon the land speculator will be in almost axiomatic that nowhere can the land evidence, and land will be secured and held pay 12 to 18 per cent, interest on the pur for the easy unearned increment which chase price and permit the debtor owner walks side by side and in the wake of an to pay off the principal, at the same time expanding civilization. The Negro's oppor maintaining a family in a self-respecting tunity as a land owner is likely to be environment. Help of the kind indicated further endangered by the growing disposi means an organized plan to loan money at tion to enforce a rule of race segregation a reasonable rate of interest, with such applied to land ownership. The purpose protection involved as would tide the land of this plan,' which is now being vigorously holder over the occasional lean years, which pushed in the South is to put it within are bound to come, until there is an the power of the dominant land-owning approach to economic prosperity. race in any community to decide by vote The second phase of the Negro land of the favored class that men of the pro movement has immediate and prospective scribed race shall not be allowed to purchase possibilities. It involves the same system or hold land in such community. It is of loans referred to above, but does not bluntly admitted that the plan will work stop there. It calls for the purchase of infallibly to keep the white community tracts of land to be held and sold to white, but cannot be employed to keep the Negroes for cost plus accrued interest. black neighborhood black. This is vital if the Negro is to have any The conditions outlined demand a well- place on the land, save occasionally as a organized and vigorously applied plan to tenant, but generally as a servant, with the 298 THE CRISIS dangers of serfdom constantly confronting the rest being that they forego the increase him as a menace. By a fine-spun interpre of land value for the economic good of the tation of the character of a financial obliga race whose sweat has already enriched the tion to the landlord, on the part of the soil of the Southland. Negro tenant, a diluted sort of serfdom is These plans do not contemplate giving already at hand. the Negroes money. They do not anticipate Either the loan scheme or the land-pur loaning money to the shiftless, the intem chase scheme, or both, are financially safe. perate or the improvident. On the other The land in the South is bound to steadily hand, they demand a businesslike inquiry increase in value. The only element of into the standing of every probable buyer philanthropy and sympathy in the plans of land or borrower of money. The good outlined is held in solution in the purpose. results contemplated are twofold. Apart First, to make the interest charge so rea from the benefits to accrue to buyers and sonable and legal that the colored land borrowers, the plans applied will be re owner, who is a borrower, shall be protected wards for persistent, honest effort and in from the money loan shark from without, centives to self-help, and the approach to and from the paralysis of hope from with success on the part of the Negroes. in. This depression is sure to come to the No better opportunity for the capitalist man who is uneasy under the constant and the careful philanthropist to do good consciousness that a single crop failure may to the blacks and do no harm to themselves cause him to be dispossessed and lose all he exists than is outlined in these plans to had paid on his farm. help the submerged race to be self-respect In the land-purchase scheme the possible ing and successful farmers. They are philanthropic element is the purpose to attached to the soil. As a result of freedom, give the benefit of the unearned increment, after their long period of servitude, it not to the speculator, but to the Negro would be economically and morally just to purchaser. Those who put their money into help the race rise as citizens of a free either plan are sure of its return and the government, as economically free men on legal rate of interest on their investment. the soil. IN MOSLEM SPAIN By JOSEPH F. GOULD IT is not generally known that tion which was his due, and so one of the the Negro appeared in first events in the career of the Negro in history as a soldier of the Spain was the attempt of lbn Horaith, the Egyptian Pharaohs cen son of the chief of the Judhamile tribe of turies before we find him as Arabs, by a Negro woman, to gain the a slave. Perhaps no other emirate in Spain. race in existence has had Thoaba, the emir, died in the year 746, and as long a record of military progress, and his son, Amr, claimed his father's place, lbn one of the most interesting epochs of the Horaith disputed the succession, lbn Horaith Negro's martial career was spent in Spain had such a dislike for the Syrian Arabs that as the ally of the tolerant Arab and Berber he said: "If one bowl contained the blood conquerors. of all the Syrians I would drain it to the One of the great pro-Islamic poets was dregs." For this reason Sumayl, the leader Antar, whose mother was a black slave, and of the Syrians in Spain, used his influence his father a powerful chief. The poems of to have Yusuf, of the tribe of Fihrites, ap Antar are still extant anil there is a long pointed emir, and lbn Horaith was made romance describing his deeds of prowess, prefect of Regio to console him. which finally compelled his father to acknowl Sumayl, by treachery, had lbn Horaith edge him as his heir. Thenceforth it would deprived of his prefecture in January, 747, seem that being of Negro blood did not after he had enjoyed that honor only a little prevent any Arab from claiming the posi while. lbn Horaith allied himself with IN MOSLEM SPAIN 299 Abu'l Khattir, another pretender to the he took advantage of Yahya's absence emirate, who reluctantly gave up his claim in Malaga to enter the city. On September because the tribe to which Ibn Horaith 6 the Cordovans again expelled his forces, belonged was most numerous in Spain. This but with his Negro troops he besieged them open quarrel revived a feud of very remote and cut off their supply of food. On antiquity between the Northern and October 31 the Cordovans, in a concentrated Southern Arabs, and the nobles enrolled force, sallied out and put the attenuated themselves under the banners of the oppos line of besiegers to flight, but the Negroes ing clans. made a desperate resistance and only sur The battle took place at Secunda, a rendered when Kasim had lied. Kasim was suburb of Cordova, and the remains of an later captured at Xeres. old Roman walled town. There were only Yahya Ibn Hammud had been im two or three hundred on each side, and they pressed by the loyalty of the Negroes to fought in the manner of the old chivalry. his uncle, and so he employed them to gar At first they tourneyed until all the spears rison Carmona, a city he had captured from were shattered, and then drew their swords, the cadi of Seville. In November, 1035, and when these broke they fought with clubs Ismail, the son of this cadi, lured Yahya from and their bare fists. his secure position within the city walls and Toward evening Sumayl, the Syrian, de slew him in battle. Nevertheless, the Negroes parted from this fair procedure and sent to who held the city gates and walls would not Cordova for reinforcements of tradespeople. surrender to Ismail or Ibn Abdallah, the By force of •numbers the party of Ibn former ruler of Carmona, and they were Horaith was conquered and in the dusk he nearly annihilated by their foes. At Alge- sought to escape by hiding under a mill. ciras Negro soldiers played the role of king Thereupon his former ally, Abu'l Khattir, makers and proclaimed Mohammed, a cousin pointed him out to Sumayl and, with a taunt of Y7ahya, caliph, but this venture was for Ibn Horaith's hatred of the Syrians, unsuccessful. said: "Son of a Negress, is there one drop Zuhair, of Almeria, was unpopular among left in your bowl ?" Sumayl beheaded Ibn his subjects because he was a so-called Slav Horaith with his own hand, and then, be prince—that is, a descendent of Northern cause the blood lust had seized him, he slew mercenaries, such as the mamelukes of more seventy of his followers. recent times. Ibn Abbas, his vizier, gave In October, 998, Muzaffar, the son of the him treacherous advice, which induced him Caliph Almanzor, fought a battle near Ceuta, to make an expedition into Granadan terri in North Africa, against Ziri, the Berber. tory. On August 3, 1038, he found himself The combat waged from dawn to sunset and surrounded. His Slav cavalry fled when Muzaffar was on the verge of defeat. A their leader, Hudhail, was dismounted, and Negro whose brother had been put to death his Andalusian troops were dispirited and by Ziri's commaud avenged himself by useless. His 500 Xegro infantry thereupon wounding Ziri thrice and then rode off at seized the armory and went over to the full speed to the Spanish lines. At first the enemy. It is possible that their desertion Negro's story was not believed because the was prearranged also, for Badis, king of banner of the Berbers still floated aloft. Granada, was devoid of religious and racial Finally, Muzaffar was convinced and ordered prejudice and had a Jew, Samuel Ibn Nag- a charge, which put the Berbers to flight. dela, for vizier and a Negro, Kodam, as Three years later Ziri died when his wounds provost-marshal. were reopened. In the year 1047 Idris II., of Malaga, was Early in the eleventh century Kasim Ibn deposed when the Negro troops who gar Hammud bought Negroes from Berber slave risoned his citadel declared for his cousin, traders, freed them and entrusted important Mohammed. The inhabitants of Malaga were posts to their leaders. This action caused anxious to attempt to storm the heights, but resentment among the people of Cordova, of Idris declared them impregnable and . said which city he was caliph. On August 12, he would submit to the decree of Fate with 1021, lie was forced to flee with only five out further bloodshed. horsemen, and his nephew, Yahya, Ten days later Malaga was annexed by entered the city. Kasim was joined by his Badis, of Granada, who continued the em faithful Negroes, and on February 12, 1023, ployment of a Negro garrison. This was a 300 THE CRISIS wise measure, as the blacks were very loyal victory and Alfonso could only save a small to him, whereas the Arabs, who were remnant of his forces. numerous in Malaga, disliked the rule of a In Moslem Spain co-operation between Berber and were intriguing with Mutadid, of Arabs and Berbers or Arabs of different Seville. Mutadid sent his son, Al Mutamid. tribes was impossible except in the face of to aid the Arabs of Malaga. Al Mutamid a common danger, and for this reason Jews was dilatory in pressing the siege and the and Negroes were given opportunities to Negroes in the citadel managed to get word serve the State because they were neutrals through the hostile lines to Badis, who sent as regards the feuds between Arab and strong reinforcements. Berber, and because they had no connection Yusuf lbn Tashfln, the leader of the with tribes they had more personal loyalty. Almoravides, fought a battle with Alfonso It was an age of each for himself and there, VI., of Castille, at Zallaka, on October 23, are instances of Negroes looking out for 1086. Alfonso was hemmed in on both sides, their own advantages regardless of the side but resisted stubbornly. At a crucial moment for which they fought. On the whole, Yusuf ordered his Negro guards, whom he though, in that age of treachery and low had held in reserve, to charge. They did ter standards, the Negro soldier was unusually rible execution and one of them cut his way grateful and faithful to those who used him through to Alfonso and wounded him in the well, and his physical courage was never thigh with a dagger. This fight won the called in question. SONG AND STORY "Afro-American Folksongs," a study in racial which the slave songs had sprung, was pro and national music. By H. E. Krelibiel. 176 pages. duced by George W. Chadwick, Henry S. Schirmer, New York. Schoenberg, Edward R. Kroeger and Krehbiel's "Afro-American Folksongs" is others." the most important contribution to the lit erature of Negro art that has been made He shows how certain impulses from for several years. Mr. Krehbiel is the these songs are to-day capturing the world. musical critic on the New York Tribune "The song's created by the Negroes while and has written the book to settle the ques they were slaves on the plantations of the tion which some people have tried to argue: South have cried out in vain for scientific that the songs of the Negro slaves were not study, though 'ragtime' tunes, which are original folksongs native to the Negroes of their debased offspring, have seized upon this land. the fancy of the civilized world. This popu larity may be deplorable, but it serves at The author finds absolutely no reason to least to prove that a marvelous potency lies doubt this. He ridicules those who deny in the characteristic rhythmical element of and speaks of the "clamor from one class the slave songs. Would not a wider and of critics which disclosed nothing so much truer knowledge of their other character as their want of intelligent discrimination istics as well lead to the creation of a unless it was their ungenerous and illiberal better art than that which tickles the ears attitude toward a body of American citi and stimulates the feet of the pleasure zens to whom at least must be credited the seekers of London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna creation of a species of song in which an even more than it does those of New undeniable great composer had recognized York?" artistic potentialities hitherto neglected, if not suspected, in the land of its origin. Again and again he declares that "the While the critics quarreled, however, a songs of the black slaves of the South are group of American musicians acted on original and native products. They contain Dr. Dvorak's suggestion, and music in the idioms which were transplanted hither from serious, artistic forms, racy of the soil from Africa, but as songs they are the product SONG AND STORY 301 of American institutions; of the social, DREAM OF A WHISPER. political and geographical environment I shall dream! shall dream within which their creators were placed in Of a whisper soft America; of the influences to which they From the lips divine, were subjected to in America; of the joys, From the lips aloft, sorrows and experiences which fell to their From the lips of Circe. lot in America." Mention is made of the interesting music And my soul awakes, and musical instruments of Africa and the Though my eyes are closed; beautiful black Creole music. It seems that Pleasure fills my veins, both the "tango" and "turkey-trot" dances, As when Venus rose together with the Cuban "Habanera" and Sea nymphs laughed so softly. other well-known dances, are due to the Fair enchantress, weave, colored man. Indeed, the whole of this in Weave a dream for me; teresting book is an amplification and scien Let my Hellas live tific proof of Dvorak's celebrated dictum Down beside the sea— concerning American folksongs: Sea of starlit strangeness. "The most potent, as well as the most beautiful among them, according to my esti m mation, are certain of the so-called planta Teachers and parents who want stories for tion melodies and slave songs, all of which their children ought to buy A. 0. Stafford's are distinguished by unusual and subtle "Animal Fables from the Dark Continent." harmonies, the thing which I have found in Mr. Stafford is a teacher in the Washington no other songs but those of Scotland and colored schools and has done excellent work Ireland." in Negro folklore. The little book is illus trated, and published by the American Book m Company. "Liberia." By Frederick Starr. 277 pages. Chicago, 1913. m "Military Morale of Nations and Races." By Charles Yonng. 270 pages. Franklin Hudson Pub "A Child's Story of Dunbar," by Miss lishing Co., Kansas City, Mo. Julia L. Henderson, has for a year or more Two books associate themselves curiously been used in some of the Texas public on our table—one is by a white student of schools. It is an interesting little book and Liberia, the other by a colored worker for ought to have a wider circulation. THE Liberia's true freedom. Starr's "Liberia" CRISIS sells it for 25 cents. is an excellent handbook which treats Liberia's problems sympathetically. What ''The Strange Case of Eric Marotte." By J. I. Professor Starr recommends Major Charles Pearce. 366 pages. Published by the author, Chicago. Young is endeavoring to carry out with the A novel comes to us. In spite of the same unwavering sense of duty that has pretentiousness and verbosity of the author's always characterized his work. This innate style, there is for the colored reader a sense of the best characteristics of the ideal strain of interest, until it dawns upon him soldier he has written down in his treatise. that in the end John, the supposedly col It is academic and a bit "military," but ored hero, will turn out to be a dark white there is charm and straightforwardness in man. All of the sympathy which the its naivete. author has seemed to lavish upon the Negro is really for the white man who is thought Turning from information to literature we to be a Negro, and his real attitude toward have before us three little books: The first, the colored people is shown by such "A Little Dreaming," by Fenton Johnson. phrases as "taint of Negro blood," "the Readers of THE CRISIS have often read bits curse of color," and the words which he of Johnson's poetry. The poems are very puts into the mouth of John concerning his uneven in value, but here and there are bits white sweetheart: "She would have married me even knowing me to be a Negro, except of real singing and the hint of an unusual that I forbade the sacrifice." message, as in the "Ethiopian's Song." THE BURDEN A LITTLE lynching at Shreve- ard. The store is three miles from the port: nearest railroad and there are no telephones "Frank and Ernest Will in that section, which is sparsely settled, iams, Negroes, were shot to principally by small Negro farmers. Bal death by a mob a short lard was 37 years old.'"—Louisiana Herald. distance from Blanehard. about 10 o'clock last Tues D day morning. They were taken from "In referring to the case of the killing of Deputy Sheriff F. W. Katliffe by a crowd one. Calvin Ballard, white, and the mobbing of fifteen or twenty men, who are said to of the two Negroes, near Blanehard, La., have been masked. * * * they were mobbed as usual without judge "It was Ernest Williams who testified or juror. That the man was killed by before the coroner's jury, in the Ballard someone of his own color, and that the case, that he had seen the murdered man at Negroes were not guilty, is the general 4 o'clock Thursday evening, and it was opinion. It seems that they were Negroes Frank Williams who gave the alarm Satur who visited the place quite often and at day morning that Ballard was missing. * * * limes worked about the place. It is re "Calvin Ballard, who kept a general ported that this older Negro was the first store four miles from Blanchard, was found one to come up to the store for two or murdered in his place of business last three days, and on approaching he saw the Saturday. He was last seen alive the store closed; going up to it and looking Thursday afternoon previous, and as the through the window he saw this man lying store failed to open, a Negro living in the dead, and he hastened away and informed vicinity notified Mack Wasson, Ballard's the neighborhood. He and his brother were brother-in-law, who investigated and found afterward run down and lynched, for it is the body, which lay between the counter dangerous to report a dead man, should you and shelving. The victim had been shot happen to come upon one, and dangerous in the left side of the face and had proba not to report it. Is there any hope of bly been dead a day when found. refuge1?"—A REAPER. "In 1009 Calvin Ballard was sent to the State penitentiary for ten years, having been convicted of manslaughter. He killed "A Negro is a person of African blood his brother. D. E. Ballard, in a quarrel (much or little) about whom men of Eng about a Negro. He served about two years lish descent tell only half the truth, and of his sentence when he was pardoned for because of whom they do not act with preventing a wholesale escape of Negro frankness and sanity, either toward the convicts. Ballard, who was a trusty, is Negro or to one another—in a word, about said to have killed two of the convicts on whom they easily lose their common sense, that occasion. their usual good judgment, and even their "After Ballard's return home he engaged powers of accurate observation. The Negro in the mercantile business with his brother- in America, therefore, is a form of insanity in-law. the firm being Ballard & Wasson, that overtakes white men."—WALTER H. ami doing business at Albany, near Blaneh PAGE. Ambassador to England. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 303 By JACOB PEASE (Instructor at the Mando Mozart Conservatory and member of the New Amsterdam Musical Association and of the Clef Club Orchestra.) AT 5 West 125th Street (Y. M. G. A. Hall) New York City TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 21, 1914 AT EIGHT O'CLOCK Accompanied by MELVILLE CHARLTON Admission—35 cents and 50 cents Tickets may be secured by applying to: John W. Dias, 1603 Pacific Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Melville Charlton, 405 Cumberland St., B'ktyn, N. Y. Jacob Pease, 2137 Madison Avenue, New York City. Homes in Long Island! Few people realize the wonderful possibilities of Long Island property, the rapid growth of that section of the city and its wonderful future. WE ARE SELLING. GOOD HOMES IN CORONA, with all improvements, only five cents carfare to New York. Corona is in the very center of Greater New York, and in a few months will be reached by the rapid transit lines of Manhattan, giving to the people of that section of the city a five-cent carfare to any section of Manhattan. The only place within thirty minutes of Times Square, Grand Central Station or the Pennsylvania Station, where the man of small means can get a modern home with all improvements at a moderate cost. We would be glad to have you visit Corona at our expense. Corona is one of the highest elevations in New York City, has an excellent car service, good schools, excellent water supply and the best place in all New York for children. For full particulars as to price and terms address L. S. REED & COMPANY 142 Hunter Avenue Long Island City Some choice investment lots for $50 on reasonable terms Mention THE CRISIS 304 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER PUBLISHERS' CHAT Now for a circulation of 50,000! At last we have adequate office space and equipment. Kindly call. Our Atlanta number comes in May. The June number is Annual Con ference number. Other numbers will follow. Beautiful 0 20 Inches Wide Here are a few bouquets which we A-s. 4- / 19 Inches Long modestly reprint: Staytyde Only 4.95 The wonderful Stay-Tyde patent process, owned by us, "THE CRISIS, a magazine with the prevents the delicate flues from breaking. Yet they cost largest circulation ever obtained by you less than you pay elsewhere for ordinary willows. Stay-Tyde Willow Plumes a publication edited by a colored 23in. wide 22 in. long 5.90 26in.wide 25 in. long 7.90 25in. wide 24 in. long 6.90 29in. wide 27 in. long 9.90 man."—O. G. Villard, in the North 30 in. wide 27 in. long $11.90 American Review. ich Curl Plumes We have established a world 1., Special, $1.95 wide reputation on our No.401 mag nificent lSl-inch French Curl Plume, 2 48 made of rich, glossy, best male " Ex.wide, S.OO stock, with wide, broad fibres and "THE CRISIS, a particularly bright 7.SO heavy French head. "The Freeman is the peer of NegTo jour commission. Exclusive territory. All orders nals, circulating in every State and Territory filled promptly Write for samples and terms in the United States, an accomplishment which cannot be claimed by any other Negro pub The House of Chowning, Indianapolis, Ind. lication. Send us your subscription at once." —The Indianapolis Freeman. You are mistaken, sweet cousin. THE CRISIS circulates in every single DO YOU ADVERTISE? State of this Union, in each of our dependent Territories, and in Europe, If you want to bring your business to the Asia, Africa and Australia. Our attention of 150.000 discriminating readers present edition, 36,000, is the largest advertise in THE CRISIS. Advertising edition of a periodical ever issued by rate cards will be sent on application. colored men in the world. Excuse THE CRISIS our candor. 70 Fifth Avenue - - New York Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 305 Big Pay for Easy Work If You Live in a Small Town We want 6000 agonts — 6000 bright, young men willing to hustle nnd earn $5.00 to Ilfj.OO a day Rolling our fine hand • made - to - measure clothes. FREE ShotGun Thl8 throws open one qoodjob in every community or town of not over 10,000 people. To the first man in your town who writes us, will be given the firat opportunity to got our Complete Sample Or .FULL CHOKE fit Free. You need no experience, 1> start rl«ht out making money—$2.00 to $9... profit on every suit you sell. Wholesale Prices for Suits $7.98 to $28.00—Pants 1 $2.48 to $8.60. We prepay the postage or Hammerless, * express on every shipment. Double-Barrel Shot" Every carmen t 1B made-to-order nnd strictly hand tailored. Satis Gun—very superior. Fitted with faction Guaranteed or Your top snap-break, bar side locks, forged" Money Back. To prove to you the unequaled frame, case hardened locks and frames. qualityof oar tailoring, we will let Nicely finished, highly polished stock and you order a Sample Suit or even a 1 I puirof pants at the wholesale price. fore end. Polished blued steel barrels; Uemember. we want only one agent in each town. choke bored, 12 Gauge and either 30 or 32 Someone else from your town may write us to inch barrels. Well balanced and accurate. I morrow—so don't delay—but mail your letter today. A perfect beauty. The same model used by The Chicago Tailors' Association I Dept. 265 Van Buren and Market Sts.. CHICAGO some of the best shots in the country. We give it 1 Absolutely FREE to Our Agents f WANTED—ONE MAN OR WOMAN IN EVERY i require is that you locality to start a Candy Kitchen. Best paying All that we require is that you show our B small business on earth. Few dollars starts you. samples and take a few orders for our Get away from wage slavery. Write for particu special made-to-measure clothes. We lars. Native Herbarium Co., Ambler, Pa. pay highest cash profits and give extra 1 presents besides. Your choice of 628 valuable premiums—such as Leather Suit I WANTED Cases, Musical Instruments, Pipes, Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified Watches, Sporting Goods, Hats, * etc. 1 Write for elegant free outfit a nd full particulars I work. Address: 70 Fifth Avenue, • SPENCER MEAD CO., Dept. 819. CHICAGO • New York. $60 A WEEK and EXPENSES That's the money you can get this year. I mean It. I want County Sales Managers quick, men or women who believe In the square deal, who will go Into partnership with me. No capital or experience needed. My folding Bath Tub has taken the country by storm. Solves the bathing problem. No plumbing, no water works required. Full length bath In any room. Folds in small roll, handy as an umbrella. I tell you It's great! ORE AT I Rivals $100 bath room. Now llstenl I want YOU to handle your county. I'll furnish demonstrating tub free. I'm positive—absolutely certain—you can get bigger money In a wcrk with nie than you ever made In a month before—I KNOW IT 1 TWO SALES A DAY $300 A MONTH That's what you get—every month. Needed in every home, badly wanted, eagerly bought. Modern bathing facilities (or all the people. Take the orders right and left. Quick sales Immense profits. Look at these men. Kunkle. Ohio, received f240 first week; Mathias Florida. $120 In two days; Corrtgan, New York, $114 in 60 hours; Newton, California, $G() In three days. You can do as well. TWO SALES A DAY MEANS $300 A MONTH. The work is very YOU! easy, pleasant, permanent, fascinating. It means a business of your own. I grant credit, furnish sample, help you out, back you up— don't doubt, don't hesitate, don't hold back. You caonot YES.Y0U lose. My other men are building homes, bank accounts, BO can you. Act, then, quick. SEND NO MONEY. Just name CAN GET IT on penny post card for free tub offer. Hustle I DEMONSTRATING H. S. ROBINSON TUB FREE President 190 Vance St., Toledo, O. Canadian Address: WalkerviUe, Ont., Canada. Mention THE CRISIS 306 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Atlanta University IN FREEDOM'S Studies of the BIRTHPLACE Negro Problems A Study of the Boston Negroes 17 Monographs Sold Separately Address: By John Daniels, sometime holder ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE of the South End House Fellowship Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. in Harvard University; now secretary of the Social Service Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland. With an intro duction by Robert A. Woods, head of The Curse of Race Prejudice the South End House. By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. The' first comprehensive, impartial An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon analysis of the problems affecting a champion of equal rights. Startling facts and crush large colored population in a Northern ing arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity city. The result of nine years' sifting for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. of facts from every quarter. Belongs in the library of every friend of social Particularly suggestive as showing justice. Price 25 cents. Send orders to the present attitude of the city of the Abolitionists toward the Negro, not JAMES F. MORTON, JR. as a distant sentiment, but as a fellow- 244 West 143d Street - - - New York, N. Y. citizen and neighbor. 496 pages; $1.50 net. Postage extra. HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO. "HEAVEN AND HELL" 4 Park Street Boston, Mass. Swedenborg's great work; 400 pages; 15 cents, postpaid. Pastor Landenberger, Windsor Place, St. Louis, Mo. Read Webb's Biblical Works of THE BLACK MAN'S PART IN THE BIBLE Jesus Was a Black Man A NEW BOOK entitled ,T. , (or Negro) by Blood. The Black Man Was the Father of James Webb v Webb's book and picture show it and prove it Civilization. by the Bible. A picture 12x18 of Jesus with woolly hair and His Holy Angels at His second coming. And a book showing that Jesus was born This book defends its title exclusively by the out of the black tribe, according to Biblical history. Bible and therefore has nothing to fear. This This famous picture in colors and the Biblical book is illustrated with many pictures. Price book both for $1.50, postage prepaid. The follow $1.00 by mail. The following comment is from ing comment is upon the same, from the Seattle, Washington Daily Times: the Seattle Daily Post-Intelligencer: "The evidence submitted by Elder Webb tending to prove that the Saviour of mankind was a black "Elder J. M. Webb, Evangelist of the Church man seems to be sufficient to put those who of God, in his book describes the black man as the oppose the proposition upon their proof. Now that father of all civilization. He takes the Bible to the chain of evidence presented by Mr. Webb show that the fathers of the Church and all the seems so complete, it is strange that none of the great leaders, even the Greatest One, was black. delvers in the Biblical records have advanced the proposition before. Not only was Christ a Negro, Mr. Webb's work is able and thoughtful. Whether but it seems that Solomon, who has been held up the Anglo-Saxon believes him or not, Mr. Webb through all the ages as the _ personification of writes what he believes to be true about his race wisdom, had Ethiopian blood in his veins also." and their place in Biblical history." Combination of both books and pictures for $2, postage prepaid. Send money order, express order or registered letter to ELDER J. M. WEBB 3519 State Street, Chicago, 111. WILL SUBMIT TERMS TO AGENTS. Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 307 Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence Edited by ALICE MOORE DUNBAR. The one volume that contains the best speeches of fifty-one of the. ablest Negroes of the United States, England, Africa and France, from 1818 to 1913. The wonderful eloquence of the most powerful Negro men and women of the world is contained in this book. Nothing more interesting and inspiring has ever been written. If you would know of the history of the race, appreciate the sacrifice for principle, understand the struggle for liberty, and prop erly value the oratorical achievement of the Negro, you should place this book in your library. The "Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence" will take you back to 1818, when Prince Saunders in his fascinating style eloquently pleaded for the abolition of slavery. It will give you the speech of Henry Highland Garnett, the first Negro ever asked to deliver a sermon in the United States House of Representatives; the speech of Frederick Douglass, who in 1852 with unexcelled eloquence demanded at Rochester to know, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?"; the speech that made Booker Washington famous; an estimate of Toussaint L'Ouverture, by James McCune Smith, that ranks with Wendell Phillips's famous eulogy: Charles M. Langston's defiance of the Fugitive Slave Law, delivered in 1859; Judge Ruffin's famous eulogy of Crispus Attucks, a speech that should be read by every Negro boy and girl. These arc but a few of the gems culled at random from this great book. The best of our present generation is well represented. This is a book that is a library, a reference book and an historical work, an indispensable addition to the library of every intelligent Negro. A book that shows in the best manner the best that the Negro has done. It is carefully edited, well printed and thoroughly indexed, bound / in red and green silk cloth binding, 512 pages, gold top, uncut pages. / Crisis Coupon We want every reader of THE CRISIS to have a copy of this / book. We have set aside 50,000 copies which we are going to sell / CUT OUT AND to THE CRISIS readers by allowing them to pay 50 cents down / MAIL NOW. and 50 cents monthly for four months. i The Douglass Pub. i Co., 509 No. 4th St., Harrisburg, Pa. Do not delay; sit down immediately, clip this coupon / Enclosed find 50c, for and send it to us with 50 cents, and a copy will be sent which send me a copy of / ''The Masterpieces of Negro you by return mail. . Eloquence." I promise to pay * 50c. each month until $2.50 is / paid. Title of the book to The Douglass Publishing Company remain with vou until the sum of $2.50 is paid. HARRISBURG, PA. Name ^UMMUM^MKUUUMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMUMUMi , Address Mention THE CRISIS 308 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE AND HAIR DRESSING Kelsey'B Hair Dressing, Hair Grower, Scalp Tonic and Face Lotion have no equal. Price, 60c each. Guaranteed under Food and Drug Act, June 30, 1906. Manicuring, Shampooing, Hair Dressing, Marcel Wav ing, Facial and Body Massage, Hair Making, Chiropody, etc., scientifically taught. Unlimited practice in parlor KELSEY'S day and night. Pupils taught at home, if desired. Diplomas. Special Summer Course, $7.50 up. Send for Telephone, Morningside 8162 booklet. Mme. A. Carter Kelsey, Gen'l Instr.; Dr. Samuel 143 West 131st St. A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager. NEW YORK TEACHERS—The new, efficiency era calls for the modern way of selecting teachers, through a live agency that furnishes the connecting medium in a business way, saves time of school officials, relieves WANTED teachers of "the embarrassment of job hunting and covers the whole country. 500 Negro families (farmers preferred) We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, to settle on FREE Government Lands in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Chaves County, New Mexico. Blackdom is Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, a Negro colony. Fertile soil, ideal climate. Virginia and West Virginia. Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory. No "Jim Crow" Laws. For information THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY write 1335 T Street, N. W. . Washington, D. C. JAS. HAROLD COLEMAN Blackdom ----- New Mexico Only Wo. 24 Southern Buggy Highest Grade $65.00 A V ilue Unequaled. Sold onfi.oo $25.00 PER WEEK I'roi.t Margin From Factory to User may be made in commissions by parties handling Write for prices ' 'History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American and other styles. War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." Send for catalogue. 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. C. R. PATTERSON Address: E. A. JOHNSON & SONS, Greenfield, Ohio 154 Nassau Street - - . - - - New York Largest Xegro Carriage co United States. REGALIA Start a Mail Order Business and Make Money A Race Enterprise You can operate in your own home during spare time. The parcel post has opened up the doors of Manufacturing Badges, opportunity to YOU. Others are making $20 to Banners and Supplies $500 a week. Why can't you? By our method for all Fraternal and you can start with $5 and up. We offer you thirty live, money-making mail order plans. You can Church Societies. Cata make 95 cents profit on every dollar order. We logue upon request. furnish circulars, printed matter and place your advertising at lowest rates. Send 10 cents for CENTRAL REGALIA CO. complete outfit. Do it to-day—Now! Jos. L. Jones, Pres. N. E. Cor. 8th and Plum Sts. MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE Cincinnati, Ohio 617 Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. COLORED MEN Buy Real Estate in "Twin Cities." WANTED TO PREPARE AS You can double your money by an investment of SLEEPING-CAR AND TRAIN city and suburban property in and around PORTERS. Minneapolis. T have some good investments in new towns in Western Canada. Communicate with No experience necessary. Posi me. tions pay $65 to $100 a month. Steady work. New York roads. B. MAXEY McDEW Passes and uniforms furnished when necessary. Write now. Minneapolis, Minn I. RY. C. I., Dept. 19, Indianapolis, Ind. A COLORED DOLLY FOR THE CHILD Buy a beautiful colored doll, with lifelike features, long hair, jointed limbs and sleeping eyes. The right plaything for your child. A big attraction at church fairs and bazaars. Endorsed by leading clergymen and educators. Send for catalog. Agents wanted. Novelty souvenirs and favors. E. M. S. NOVELTY COMPANY, Dept. A, JAMAICA, N. Y. Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 309 MILES M. WEBB Beautiful Colored Doll Free Chicago's Expert Photographer This Negro doll has light brown color, long black hair, jointed limbs, sleep ing eyes. For selling our artistic Negro post cards and other beautiful cards. Large assortment; very cheap. Agents and deal ers are making big money handling them. Terms free. Sample of all post cards sent post paid for 15 cents. J. GRIFFITH ART COMPANY 36-38 Beekman St. New York "Made $28 in 1 Day I specialize in every phase of artistic picture making. Send me your photos for enlargements. I Don't Know of Anything to Compete Prices reasonable. Satisfaction guaranteed. 'Phone With the Minute Picture Business" 6688 Douglass. So says J. A. McMillian, of WEBB STUDIO Nettie, W.Va., who has one of 3519 State Street Chicago, 111. . our Champion Cameras. If you want to make more money than you've ever made before —quicker and easier —this is the business for you. No matter where you live or The Loyal Knights and what your occupa tion, you can coin mon Ladies of Malachites ey right from the start. is incorporated under the Experience Not laws of the District of Col Necessary umbia. Itsobjectistocom- bine the Negroes of the J.H. Arnold,Rock Lake, world for their mutual ad N.D., writes;*'Rec6ivea outfit O.K. Took it to a vancement along indus little town, set it up for 2 trial and commerciallines. hours and took in S12.35." "Mad© $25 yesterday," It also stands for the full writes Arthur Neely, Alvardo, Tes. "Firstday did enjoyment by the Negro of S30 in business," says it. Lasha, Bell Island. New his civil and political rights. foundland. '"Made S50 Christmas"—0. V. Lovett. Grand Supreme Fort Me.-He, Fte. "Had an excellent business of This movement is interna $29.90."—Vernard Baker, Eolbrook, Neb. Governor tional in its scope; wehave lodges not only in the United States but in Photo PostCards Allthe Rage ^^^'^i Jamaica, B. W. I.; Colon, Bocas delToro, Pan sorts. Schools, Factories Depots, on Streets—any ama {Canal Zone) and Costa Rica. It is a dark where, everywhere. Camera takes pictures size day for the Negro and he must come together. 2*frx3^, l?a'x2^ and one-inch buttons. Photograph persona singly or in groups, houses, animals, autos, Race movements have failed because our peo beautiful scenes, etc. Make them on the spot, in ple were told that by contributing thereto the broad daylight. Jvb gallery, no rent, no profits to di race only would be benefited, but no tangible vide with others. The individaal benefits were offered. By our plan Champion Minute Picture Machine the member pays 35c. per month in the Asso takes, develops and finishes perfect pictures in 30sec ciation and receives $4.00 per week sick ben onds: 200 nn hour. No Dark Room. Nearly 85cprofit efits and $100 at death. We not only look on each $1.00 you take in. Get into this lucrative business at once. Travel if you like—see the world after the race but each individual member as and enjoy life. Quit working for others; be your own well. A big convention is soon to be held here. boss. An opportunity like this does not occur every We want a lodge in every village, hamlet and dny. Take advantage of it and write for Free Book, town and a delegate to be sent to this conven Testimonials, Liberal Offer, eto, tion. Organizers wanted everywhere. For AMERICAN MINUTE PHOTO COMPANY full particulars, write 2214 Ogden Ave.. Dept A IIU CHICAGO, ILL. KNIGHTS OF MALACHITES 1111 You St. N. W. Washington, D. C\i WANTED—Colored carriage smiths, woodworkers, trimmers and paint AGENTS WANTED—Big seller. $3 to $5 per ers. Sober, experienced men only. day. Costs you from 10 to 20 cents; sella for Address: THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth 35 cents and up. Sample free for the asking. G- A. AXBURY & CO., P. 0. Box 414, Bristol, Pa. Avenue, New York City. Mention THE CHISIS 310 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER LEGAL DIRECTORY PERSONAL CARDS Residence 2546 Michigan Office Phone Telephone 5277 Morningside Bell Phone E-2161 Home 58 Main DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS C. H. CALLOWAY Surgeon Dentist Attorney and Counselor-at-Law 188 W. 135th Street - New York City Notary Public 117 W. 6th Street Kansas City, Mo. Telephone Connection Telephones: {^^(M-W R. W. FEARING Electrician HARRY E. DAVIS Contracting, Repairing, Motors, Electric and Attorney-at-Law Notary Public Gas Fixtures 1607 Williamson Building '- - - Cleveland, O. Electrician recent Emancipation Exposition in *l New York Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market 85 Marion Street - - - - Brooklyn, N. Y. Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Telephone Columbus 3935 Open All Night Counselor-at-Law RODNEY DADE & BROS. Booms 613-614, Metropolitan Building Undertakers and Emb aimers 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. Notary Public Funeral Parlor and Chapel Free General Practice Notary Public Licensed Lady Embalmer Prompt Service WILLIAM R. MORRIS 266 West 53d Street - New York City Between Broadway and 8th Avenue Attorney and Counselor-at-Law 1020 Metropolitan Life Building MME. FANNIE BELLE DE KNIGHT Minneapolis - Minn. Dramatic and Dialect Reader. Engagements so licited. Students given special training in the BROWN S. SMITH Delsarte Method. Instruction also given in Dialect.' English Grammar and Rhetoric. Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Terms Reasonable. Offices: Suite 610, Sykes Block Telephone Morningside 9045 Minneapolis Minn. Studio: 231 W. 134th St. New York City GEORGE W. MITCHELL TANDY & FOSTER Architects Attorney-at-Law 1931 Broadway New York 908 Walnut Street Telephone 5368 Columbus Philadelphia Pa. H. HENRY HARRIS Tel. 2026 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben Architect EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Corner 8th and Princess Streets Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Wilmington ------N. C. 34 School Street Boston, Mass. Telephone Connection WILLIAM L. BELL W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen Architect HAWKINS & McMECHEN 138] 1/2Auburn Avenue - - Atlanta, Ga. Attorneys-at-Law 21 East Saratoga Street - - - Baltimore, Md. Phones: Office, Bell 4059; New 420-M J. E. ORMES Residence, New 733-A ACCOUNTANT THOS. E. GREENE, JR. Audits Systems Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Business information by mail. Open for Notary Public engagements July and August Maloney Block - Youngstown, Ohio Box 25, Wilberforce University Wilberforce, O. William H. Austin Edmund O. Austin Law Offices of AUSTIN & AUSTIN Telephone 4214 Greeley St. Paul Building, 22p Broadway, New York Suite 7—H, I, J, K BRANIC'S EXPRESS Telephones: 7400. 5365. 5366 Cortlandt ANDREW J. BRANIC, Proprietor Packing and Shipping-—Goods Forwarded to All B. F. BOOTH Parts of the World Attorney-at-Law Orders by mail or 'phone receive prompt attention. 57 N. Second Street Trunks stored, 25c. per month. Memphis Tenn. 459 Seventh Avenue New York Mention THE CRISIS A Selected List of Books 00 03 PRICE INCLUDES POSTAGE yj yj THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE. W. E. B. DU Bois $1.50 HOUSE BEHIND THE CEDARS. Charles W. Chesnutt 1.65 HAZEL. Mary White Ovington 1.08 AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. Anonymous 1.40 THE TESTING FIRE. Alexander Corkey 1.35 LYRICS OF LOWLY LIFE. Paul Laurence Dunbar 1.40 MARROW OF TRADITION. Charles W. Chesnutt 1.65 THE SPORT OF THE GODS. Paul Laurence Dunbar 1.65 NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. Maud Guney Hare 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. Lelia Amos Pendleton 1.65 SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. W. E. B. DU Bois 1.35 RACE ADJUSTMENT. Kelly Miller 2.15 HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. B. G. Brawley 1.35 HALF A MAN. Mary White Ovington 1.12 MIND OF PRIMITIVE MAN. Franz Boas 1.65 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. William Sinclair 1.65 JOHN BROWN. W. E. B. DU Bois 1.45 FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. John R. Lynch 1.65 STORY OF THE NEGRO. Booker T. Washington 3.25 FLOWER O' THE PEACH. Percival Gibbon 1.45 THE COLORED INVENTOR. Henry E. Baker 15 A CHILD'S STORY OF DUNBAR. Julia L. Henderson 25 Address THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue ----- New York City C A P E MAY, N. J . This magnificent hotel, located in the heart of the most beautiful seashore resort in the world; replete with every modern improvement, superlative in construction, appointments, service, and refined patronage. Orchestra daily. Garage, bath houses, tennis, etc., on premises. Special attention given to ladies and children. Send for booklet. E. W. DALE, Owner. The Art of Printing AS EXEMPLIFIED IN OUR WORK EMBODIES THE FOLLOWING POINTS OF MERIT: | (a) Neat 1. Stationery •< {b) Attractive ( (c) Quality f (a) Polite 2. Form J. (b) Business ( (c) Social { (a) Artistic (WeROBERT2023. (c) Workmanship PrintEAST Prompt THEN. 99th WOOD, CRISIS STREET -I (b) Printing Correct Telephone: and Engraving Lenox 6667 NEW YORK