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Senecavirus A- a Study in Immunogenicity, Seroprevalence, Pathogenesis, and Transmission Elizabeth Rose Houston Iowa State University

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Senecavirus A- a Study in Immunogenicity, Seroprevalence, Pathogenesis, and Transmission Elizabeth Rose Houston Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 Senecavirus A- a study in immunogenicity, seroprevalence, pathogenesis, and transmission Elizabeth Rose Houston Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Veterinary Medicine Commons, and the Virology Commons Recommended Citation Houston, Elizabeth Rose, "Senecavirus A- a study in immunogenicity, seroprevalence, pathogenesis, and transmission" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17209. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17209 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Senecavirus A- a study in immunogenicity, seroprevalence, pathogenesis, and transmission by Elizabeth Houston A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Veterinary Preventive Medicine Program of Study Committee: Pablo Piñeyro, Major Professor James Roth Eric Burrough Luis Giménez-Lirola The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Elizabeth Houston, 2019. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi NOMENCLATURE ..................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 Virus structure ......................................................................................................................... 1 History ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Clinical signs and lesions associated with SVA infection ....................................................... 6 Pathogenesis ............................................................................................................................ 9 Immune Response.................................................................................................................. 12 Epidemiology and Transmission ........................................................................................... 13 Diagnosis ............................................................................................................................... 15 Oncolytic Properties .............................................................................................................. 17 Thesis Formatting ...................................................................................................................... 18 References ................................................................................................................................. 18 Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 2: SEROPREVALENCE OF SENECAVIRUS A IN SOWS AND GROWER- FINISHER PIGS IN MAJOR SWINE PRODUCING STATES IN THE UNITED STATES .... 28 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 29 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 31 Study design and recruitment of farms .................................................................................. 31 SVA recombinant VP1 indirect ELISA (SVA rVP1 ELISA) ............................................... 32 SVA immunofluorescence assay (SVA IFA) ........................................................................ 33 Statistical analysis.................................................................................................................. 34 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 35 Senecavirus seroprevalence in grower-finisher pigs ............................................................. 35 Senecavirus seroprevalence in adult pigs .............................................................................. 36 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 37 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 42 References ................................................................................................................................. 42 Figure Legends .......................................................................................................................... 46 Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 51 iii CHAPTER 3. DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUSE MODEL FOR SENECAVIRUS PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION................................................................................. 53 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 53 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 54 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 56 Determination of mouse strain susceptibility - Study design ................................................ 56 Determination of mouse infectious route - Study design ...................................................... 57 SVA antibody detection in mice ............................................................................................ 58 SVA detection in serum, feces and tissue by RT-qPCR........................................................ 59 Histological evaluation and SVA detection in tissue by RNAScope in situ hybridization ... 60 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................................ 61 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 61 Senecavirus can cause subclinical infection in different laboratory mouse strains ............... 61 Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculation resulted in subclinical infection .................... 62 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 64 References ................................................................................................................................. 68 Figure Legends .......................................................................................................................... 71 Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 80 CHAPTER 4. CHARTERIZATION OF THE IMMUNODOMINANT REGIONS OF SENECAVIRUS A-VP1 STRUCTUAL PROTEIN BY ELISA EPITOPE MAPPING ............. 82 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 82 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 83 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 85 Viruses and cells .................................................................................................................... 85 Generation of SVA-VP1 monoclonal and SVA polyclonal antibodies ................................. 85 Indirect rVP1-ELISA and SVA-whole virus ELISA ............................................................ 86 VP1 peptide synthesis and indirect VP1 peptide ELISA ...................................................... 89 Antibody affinity
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