XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS Worldwide Underground Facilities Jaret Heise, Science Director (on behalf of many!)
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 Underground Facilities
UG Facilities serve a diverse community
UG Facilities can provide: Decreasing cosmic Decreasing • Overburden protection from cosmic-ray muons • Local radiation shielding • Material screening - • UG material production or raymuon flux purification • Environmental control • Implementation and operations support Note: Circles represent volume of science space
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 2 UG Labs Underground Facilities – Worldwide
UGLabs.xlsx SURF - Lead, SD Callio Lab SNOLAB - Lively, ON Boulby KURF - Ripplemead, VA SNOLAB Modane WIPP - Carlsbad, NM SURF Y2L Gran Sasso - d'Italia Kimballton Canfranc LNGS Baksan Yemilab LSBB Boulby - Loftus, Saltburn-by- WIPP Kamioka the-Sea CJPL Canfranc - Baksan - INO LSBB Modane - Pyhasalimi Jinping - ANDES Kamioka - Mt. Ikeno YangYang - Yangyang-gun SUPL
Yemilab - Jengseon County, Gangwon Prov INO ANDES - Agua Negra SUPL - Stawell, Victoria
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 3 UG Labs Underground Facilities – Worldwide
Conference Location - Neutrino2020 Callio Lab Chicago, IL Boulby SNOLAB Modane UGLabs.xlsx SURF Y2L SURF - Lead, SD Kimballton Canfranc LNGS Baksan Yemilab SNOLAB - Lively, ON LSBB KURF - Ripplemead, VA WIPP Wish We Kamioka CJPL WIPP - Carlsbad, NM Were Here! Gran Sasso - d'Italia INO Boulby - Loftus, Saltburn-by- the-Sea Canfranc - Baksan - ANDES LSBB Modane - SUPL Pyhasalimi Jinping - Kamioka - Mt. Ikeno YangYang - Yangyang-gun
Yemilab - Jengseon County, Gangwon Prov Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 4 INO ANDES - Agua Negra SUPL - Stawell, Victoria SURF Underground Lab Geography ANDES:Yates & Ross Agua+ ventilation Negra shafts, Deep multiple Experimentlevels for science Site • General: • Laboratory − Agua Negra tunnel between Argentina and Chile. − Main Hall: 50m L x 21m x 23m Vertical depth = 1775m (1675m omnidirectional) − Secondary Hall: 40m L x 16m x 14m 2 3 − Size: ~4000 m and ~70000 m , horizontal access − Experiment Pit: 30m diameter x 30m tall − Tunnel financed by Inter-American Development − Geosciences + biology areas Bank; construction 2021-2029 − Offices and small labs, incl cleanrooms − ANDES will be run by an international consortium ü Final exact location to be determined once geology is better known (initial geology studies already performed) ü Conceptual study finished by Lombardi in January 2015 ü Detailed engineering design ($0.5 M) finished May 2019
More information at http://andeslab.org
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 5 SUPL: Stawell Underground Physics Lab
• Laboratory: − Location: Hosted in active Stawell Gold Mine in Western Victoria (250 km from Melbourne); drive-in access via decline − Depth: 1050 m (~2900 m.w.e.), flat overburden − Footprint: 30m L x 10m W x 10m H − Gamma counting performed at 729-m depth to select low-bkgd materials for facility construction (e.g., concrete, rock bolts) Temporary underground • Status: materials test lab − Fully funded by federal ($5M) and Victoria ($5M) governments Main Experimental Hall − Excavation completed April 2020, incl shotcreting cavern walls, ceiling Excavated and Shotcreted − Outfitting design completed, start delayed until ~Sep 2020 due to COVID − Lab completion late 2021
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 6 SUPL: Stawell Underground Physics Lab
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 7 Kamioka Observatory
Dormitory Mt. Ikeno-yama 1368m Lab building Mozumi KamLAND A new research building is under Super- construction in Kamioka, built by Kamiokande spring 2021
KAGRA
May 12, 2020
4 floors and 3,050 m2 total floor area Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 8 KamiokaKamiokaObservatoryunderground Underground facilities (Mt. Ikeno Labs-yama)
KamLAND (Tohoku Univ.) Super-Kamiokande Mt. Ikeno-yama 1000ton liquid scintillator detector 50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector Reactor, geo neutrinos Atmospheric, solar, supernova neutrinos 136Xe double beta decay Proton decay, indirect dark matter search Far detector for T2K 1000m
CANDLES KamLAND CaF2 scintillation detector for 48Ca double beta decay Gravitational-wave CLIO 100m x 100m prototype Geo-physics 100m x 100m Lab.A Laser strainmeter Super-K dome
clean room Lab.E/IMPU water IMPU Lab.2 system XMASS Lab.1 Lab.G Direct dark matter 100m search experiment EGADS Atotsu 200t Gd test tank entrance NEWAGE Direction dark matter experiment
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 9 Kamioka Observatory: Hyper-Kamiokande
In the beginning of 2020 the Hyper-Kamiokande project officially started. Hyper-K detector Construction schedule includes 5 years of cavern excavation and 2 years Total mass: 260 kton of instrumentation. Data taking is scheduled to commence in 2027. Fid. mass: 187 kton Detector location (8.4x SK) 71m PMTs with high Ø 8 km south of Super-K, 295 km from J-PARC sensitivity Ø 650 m rock overburden m
2020.5 The Univ Tokyo president Makoto [R] Gonokami and KEK Director General Masanori Yamauchi [L] signed the MoU to advance Hyper-K.
2020.5 Entrance yard is under construction.
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 10 Y2L: YangYang Underground Lab in Korea
1. Muons : 327.9±9.5 muons/day/m2 2. Rocks : U = 3.9±1.4 ppm, Th = 10.5±6.5 ppm 3. Rn level : ~ 50 Bq/m3 at Tunnel. 4. Thermal neutrons : 2.4x10-5 /cm2/sec 700m Entrance ~ an order higher than Gran Sasso lab.
Muon modulation amplitude = 0.6% Y2L-A5 Y2L-A6 COSINE Muon Data ECMWF Temperature Data 10 Y2L-A5 (200m2) Alpha Counter
0 Rn-reduction system Deviation from mean (%) -10 500 1000 Days from Jan. 1st, 2016
• COSINE-100 & AMoRE-I currently running. HPGe-Array COSINE-100 AMoRE-I • Radon Reduction system, HPGe detectors, alpha counters will be moved to Yemilab in 2022. • We plan to run COSINE-200 at Y2L until 2025 if crystal development is done until 2021.
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 11 Yemilab – New Underground Lab in Korea • A new underground lab, deeper and larger than Y2L, is constructed. • ~ 1000-meter deep space at an active mine. • An independent access (vertical lift for human) from mine activity. Active Iron Mine Mountain (EL 998m)
Entrance of Human Elevator Rampway 600m long
Underground Laboratory
Entrance Tunnel Bird’s eye view of Handuk Iron Mine (730m long)
Large (>2000m2), deeper (1100m depth)
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 12 Yemilab – Construction Step 1
§ Human elevator is installed. § 95% of excavation is completed. Upper side of the AMoRE hall 21(W) x 21(L) x 16(H) m3
135m expr. zone 782m access tunnel, 12% down slope
AMoRE Hall
Colored: done RMR White : on going experimental area
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 13 Yemilab – Construction Step 2, Expts
§ 2nd step construction will resume from Jan. 2021 to Mar. 2022 (incl excavation, outfitting). § Excavation of large size hall for multi-purpose experiments.
• Lab operation begins 2022 • Operation team of 15-20 people • Rock = Limestone, U: 2ppm, Th: 8.5ppm, K: 2.2%
Large size hall Science Program: • AMoRE-II – neutrinoless l Schedule double beta decay expt. 2020 2021 2022 • Large NaI crystal array - dark matter search. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 • Large liquid scintillator - 1st Construction dark photon, solar neutrinos, Large hall excavation etc. 2nd Construction Elec. & equip. HPGe, Alpha, Radon Screening, Monitoring AMoRE-II Commissioning Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 14 SURF Underground Lab Geography YatesCJPL: & Ross China + ventilation Jinping shafts, Underground multiple levels for science Laboratory • Yalong River Jinping Hydropower Plant (highest dam in world at 305 m) • World’s deepest and largest underground lab: • 2400 m rock overburden • 300,000 m³ volume • Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2017.67:231-251
Traffic Tunnels
JUNA • CJPL-I (opened 2010): • Panda-X, CDEX, Jinping Neutrino Expt) + 3 low-bkgd counters Hall B2: • CJPL-II (excavation and civil engineering completed May 2016): PandaX-4T • 4 halls, each 14m W x 14m H x 130m L; 2 halls with pits Hall C1: * • Experiments will incl larger versions of Panda-X and CDEX CDEX-100 • National Major Scientific and Technology infrastructure award CJPL-I Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 15 SURF Underground Lab Geography YatesCJPL & Ross-II Status + ventilation shafts, multiple levels for science Pure Water Shield Liquid Nitrogen Shield • Hall B2, LXe/Ar Dark Matter Experiment • Hall C1, HPGe Dark Matter/DBD Experiment • 4500m3 pure water (L27m x W15m x D13m) • Vessel Size: ! 16.4m x H 20m (outer), ! 13m x H 13m 3 • Inner gamma bkg level: 10-5 cpkkd @ 2MeV (inner) -> 1725m liquid nitrogen • Inner gamma bkg level: 10-6 cpkkd @ 2MeV
9 km ventilation system Completed (Rn < 20 Bq/m3) LN vessel in progress Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 16 SURF Underground Lab Geography YatesCJPL & Ross DURF + ventilation shafts, multiple levels for science National Major Scientific and Technology infrastructure award • Deep Underground and ultra-low Radiation background Facility (DURF) for frontier physics experiments • Feasibility proposal approved Dec 2018, preliminary design completed in summer 2019 • Construction in existing CJPL-II space was to begin in late 2019 (now 2020) DURF • Shielding: • Liquid nitrogen, pure water, solid (e.g., polyethylene) • Low bkgd counting • Additional instruments incl alpha, liquid scintillator, ICP-MS • High-purity material production: • UG electroformed Cu • Surface laboratory in Xichang city • Schedule: Complete by the end of 2023 Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 17 INO: India Neutrino Observatory IICHEP INO salient features Inter-Institutional Centre for High Energy Physics
u To be setup on a 12.2 hectares land close to Madurai Kamaraj University.
u Will be the nodal centre for all activities and 3 smaller will operate and maintain the INO laboratory. lab spaces u INO Graduate Training programme since 2008.
u Human resource development in basic Centre Site experimental science.
u Will be a particle detector R&D laboratory for Master Plan basic and applied sciences & technology.
u A 700-ton ICAL prototype will be built in the Main Hall: 9o58′ N; 77o16′ E, 110 km from Madurai (South India) next 2.5 years, for which all the requisite 132m x 30m x 26m clearances obtained. q 51-kt magnetized Iron CALorimeter q Environmental Clearance obtained (ICAL) for measurements on second time in March 2018. atmospheric neutrinos and mass q Wildlife Clearance from Central hierarchy. 124 Government awaited. q Cryogenic bolometer of tin ( Sn) (TIN.TIN) to search for neutrino- less q Building and final construction double beta decay. Clearances awaited from Tamil Nadu q Cryogenic Scintillator based dark matter State Government. experiment @INO (DINO). q We are hoping to get these in the next q Facility for other studies in physics, 12 months. Detector R&D Lab Physics Programmes Physics biology, geology, material research etc. Status and Approvals Detector R&D Lab Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 18 Baksan Neutrino Observatory
BUST (Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope) Mt. Andyrchi - study of cosmic rays with surface and underground detectors - gravitational collapse supernova (e.g., SN1987A) GGNT (Gallium-Germanium Neutrino Telescope) 3 - solar neutrino observatory General view of underground objects of BNO - BEST (Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions) with 51Cr neutrino source (3.4 MCi) and Ga (see Gavrin update this conf) Neutrino Village Entrance LBR (Low Background Researches) BUST’s hall - Investigation of rare decay processes (DBD and DM) Low Bkg Lab2 + Laser Interferom. 620 m – 1000 m w.e. LGG (Laboratory for Geophysics) Deepest lab site Low Bkg Lab1 - Geophysics and gravitational waves «НИКА» 4900 m.w.e Low Bkg Lab3 Also CARPET (surface array for PeV gamma rays) «DULB-4900» GeoPhys OGRAN’s hall GeoPhys Lab1 Lab2 Future: 4000 m - Cryogenic laboratory for bolometers (Mo-based DBD) GGNT’s hall - NBNT (New Baksan Neutrino Telescope), 5kt scale Borexino-like detector, CNO + geoneutrinos + DSNB
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 19 LAB ACTIVITIES • Callio Lab is a unique underground research • EMMA: Experiment with a MultiMuon Array, cosmic- environment in Pyhäsalmi, Finland ray induced bkgds using drift chambers • Accessibility: only two-hour drive away from five • NEMESIS: New Emma MEasurement with neutronS In airports, railway connection to the site. Installations in cosmic Showers, study neutron bursts in shielding sea containers (up to 20’) transportable via incline materials (also performed at other Eurpoean labs) • Flat overburden, deepest level 1440 m (4100 m.w.e), • C14: Measure 14C isotope in oil-based liquid main level at 1410 m scintillators (goal of 10e-20 or lower) • Multidisciplinary steering group established 2020 • BSUIN: Member of the Baltic Sea Underground • Underground mining ends in 6/2021. Agreement Innovation Network (13 partners from 8 countries), incl between the mining company and Callio allows bkgd measurements, develop best practices, etc activities at least until 2025 (/2030) • Goldeneye: Test site for remote sensing technology (safety and environmental monitoring) • Occupational Health: Intelligent, adaptive lighting studies for UG workers • Biology & food production, geology & hydrogeology • UG Rescue & mining training
Contacts: [email protected] [email protected] Web: calliolab.com Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 20 FACILITIES LAB 1 LAB 2 LAB 3
LAB 4 LAB 5 Additional R&D Geopolymers Underground Rescue Geothermal Environmental data monitoring Microseismic monitoring EM data Main level LAB 6: Level 400
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 21 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
• Vertical Depth: 1400 m / 3800 m.w.e. (under mountain profile) • Underground Space: 17,800 m2 / 180,000 m3 1400 m • Surface and underground facilities 3800 m.w.e. • Radon in underground ~100 Bq/m3 with 5-8 air changes/day
XENONnT
COSINUS
New LB facility
STELLA (new low-bkgd lab, complete in Access via traffic tunnel Dec 2021)
Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 22 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
• Neutrino astrophysics GERDA • Borexino (solar neutrinos incl CNO + pp, geo-neutrinos, and supernova neutrinos) • LVD (supernova neutrinos) • Nuclear astrophysics • LUNA (nuclear processes of interest for astrophysics) • Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (DBD): (A,Z)à (A,Z+2) + 2e- + 2n • GERDA with 76Ge (35.8 kg of 88% enriched Ge) àLEGEND-200 (>2021) • CUORE with 130Te (206 kg of 130Te) • CUPID (R&D with bolometer with particle identification, 100Mo(LSC,LSM), 82Se(LNGS), 130Te) CUORE • Dark Matter (DM): c + N à c + N • XENON-nT with xenon TPC in 2020 (+ 5ton wrt previous set-up) • DarkSide-50 (DarkSide-20k after 2023) with underground argon TPC • CRESST with tungsten-based bolometers • COSINUS with NaI bolometer (after 2021) XENON • DAMA/LIBRA and SABRE (prototype stage) • DARWIN: LoI to be deployed inside Borexino Water Tank • R&D for rare events search and biology in low radiation environments • Recent workshop on biology in DULs (Nov 2019): DULIAbio https://agenda.infn.it/event/19116/ DarkSide-50 Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 23 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
NOA at LNGS NOA oThe European Union established a program to improve the economy of “poor” regional areas by supporting new technologies and advanced training
oIn this framework, NOA was born in 2018 with an initial budget of 10 M€ (equipment) and 3M€ (personnel – MasterPlan)
oMission
• Make a new and innovative infrastructure for photosensors based on SiPM