XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS Worldwide Underground Facilities Jaret Heise, Science Director (on behalf of many!) Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 Underground Facilities UG Facilities serve a diverse community UG Facilities can provide: Decreasing cosmic • Overburden protection from cosmic-ray muons • Local radiation shielding • Material screening - • UG material production or flux muon ray purification • Environmental control • Implementation and operations support Note: Circles represent volume of science space Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 2 UG Labs Underground Facilities – Worldwide UGLabs.xlsx SURF - Lead, SD Callio Lab SNOLAB - Lively, ON Boulby KURF - Ripplemead, VA SNOLAB Modane WIPP - Carlsbad, NM SURF Y2L Gran Sasso - d'Italia Kimballton Canfranc LNGS Baksan Yemilab LSBB Boulby - Loftus, Saltburn-by- WIPP Kamioka the-Sea CJPL Canfranc - Baksan - INO LSBB Modane - Pyhasalimi Jinping - ANDES Kamioka - Mt. Ikeno YangYang - Yangyang-gun SUPL Yemilab - Jengseon County, Gangwon Prov INO ANDES - Agua Negra SUPL - Stawell, Victoria Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 3 UG Labs Underground Facilities – Worldwide Conference Location - Neutrino2020 Callio Lab Chicago, IL Boulby SNOLAB Modane UGLabs.xlsx SURF Y2L SURF - Lead, SD Kimballton Canfranc LNGS Baksan Yemilab SNOLAB - Lively, ON LSBB KURF - Ripplemead, VA WIPP Wish We Kamioka CJPL WIPP - Carlsbad, NM Were Here! Gran Sasso - d'Italia INO Boulby - Loftus, Saltburn-by- the-Sea Canfranc - Baksan - ANDES LSBB Modane - SUPL Pyhasalimi Jinping - Kamioka - Mt. Ikeno YangYang - Yangyang-gun Yemilab - Jengseon County, Gangwon Prov Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 4 INO ANDES - Agua Negra SUPL - Stawell, Victoria SURF Underground Lab Geography ANDES:Yates & Ross Agua+ ventilation Negra shafts, Deep multiple Experimentlevels for science Site • General: • Laboratory − Agua Negra tunnel between Argentina and Chile. − Main Hall: 50m L x 21m x 23m Vertical depth = 1775m (1675m omnidirectional) − Secondary Hall: 40m L x 16m x 14m 2 3 − Size: ~4000 m and ~70000 m , horizontal access − Experiment Pit: 30m diameter x 30m tall − Tunnel financed by Inter-American Development − Geosciences + biology areas Bank; construction 2021-2029 − Offices and small labs, incl cleanrooms − ANDES will be run by an international consortium ü Final exact location to be determined once geology is better known (initial geology studies already performed) ü Conceptual study finished by Lombardi in January 2015 ü Detailed engineering design ($0.5 M) finished May 2019 More information at http://andeslab.org Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 5 SUPL: Stawell Underground Physics Lab • Laboratory: − Location: Hosted in active Stawell Gold Mine in Western Victoria (250 km from Melbourne); drive-in access via decline − Depth: 1050 m (~2900 m.w.e.), flat overburden − Footprint: 30m L x 10m W x 10m H − Gamma counting performed at 729-m depth to select low-bkgd materials for facility construction (e.g., concrete, rock bolts) Temporary underground • Status: materials test lab − Fully funded by federal ($5M) and Victoria ($5M) governments Main Experimental Hall − Excavation completed April 2020, incl shotcreting cavern walls, ceiling Excavated and Shotcreted − Outfitting design completed, start delayed until ~Sep 2020 due to COVID − Lab completion late 2021 Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 6 SUPL: Stawell Underground Physics Lab Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 7 Kamioka Observatory Dormitory Mt. Ikeno-yama 1368m Lab building Mozumi KamLAND A new research building is under Super- construction in Kamioka, built by Kamiokande spring 2021 KAGRA May 12, 2020 4 floors and 3,050 m2 total floor area Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 8 KamiokaKamiokaObservatoryunderground Underground facilities (Mt. Ikeno Labs-yama) KamLAND (Tohoku Univ.) Super-Kamiokande Mt. Ikeno-yama 1000ton liquid scintillator detector 50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector Reactor, geo neutrinos Atmospheric, solar, supernova neutrinos 136Xe double beta decay Proton decay, indirect dark matter search Far detector for T2K 1000m CANDLES KamLAND CaF2 scintillation detector for 48Ca double beta decay Gravitational-wave CLIO 100m x 100m prototype Geo-physics 100m x 100m Lab.A Laser strainmeter Super-K dome clean room Lab.E/IMPU water IMPU Lab.2 system XMASS Lab.1 Lab.G Direct dark matter 100m search experiment EGADS Atotsu 200t Gd test tank entrance NEWAGE Direction dark matter experiment Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 9 Kamioka Observatory: Hyper-Kamiokande In the beginning of 2020 the Hyper-Kamiokande project officially started. Hyper-K detector Construction schedule includes 5 years of cavern excavation and 2 years Total mass: 260 kton of instrumentation. Data taking is scheduled to commence in 2027. Fid. mass: 187 kton Detector location (8.4x SK) 71m PMTs with high Ø 8 km south of Super-K, 295 km from J-PARC sensitivity Ø 650 m rock overburden m 2020.5 The Univ Tokyo president Makoto [R] Gonokami and KEK Director General Masanori Yamauchi [L] signed the MoU to advance Hyper-K. 2020.5 Entrance yard is under construction. Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 10 Y2L: YangYang Underground Lab in Korea 1. Muons : 327.9±9.5 muons/day/m2 2. Rocks : U = 3.9±1.4 ppm, Th = 10.5±6.5 ppm 3. Rn level : ~ 50 Bq/m3 at Tunnel. 4. Thermal neutrons : 2.4x10-5 /cm2/sec 700m EntrancE ~ an order higher than Gran Sasso lab. Muon modulation amplitude = 0.6% Y2L-A5 Y2L-A6 COSINE Muon Data ECMWF Temperature Data 10 Y2L-A5 (200m2) Alpha Counter 0 Rn-reduction system Deviation from mean (%) -10 500 1000 Days from Jan. 1st, 2016 • COSINE-100 & AMoRE-I currently running. HPGe-Array COSINE-100 AMoRE-I • Radon Reduction system, HPGe detectors, alpha counters will be moved to Yemilab in 2022. • We plan to run COSINE-200 at Y2L until 2025 if crystal development is done until 2021. Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 11 Yemilab – New Underground Lab in Korea • A new underground lab, deeper and larger than Y2L, is constructed. • ~ 1000-meter deep space at an active mine. • An independent access (vertical lift for human) from mine activity. Active Iron Mine Mountain (EL 998m) Entrance of Human Elevator Rampway 600m long Underground Laboratory Entrance Tunnel Bird’s eye view of Handuk Iron Mine (730m long) Large (>2000m2), deeper (1100m depth) Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 12 Yemilab – Construction Step 1 § Human elevator is installed. § 95% of excavation is completed. Upper side of the AMoRE hall 21(W) x 21(L) x 16(H) m3 135m expr. zone 782m access tunnel, 12% down slope AMoRE Hall Colored: done RMR White : on going experimental area Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 13 Yemilab – Construction Step 2, Expts § 2nd step construction will resume from Jan. 2021 to Mar. 2022 (incl excavation, outfitting). § Excavation of large size hall for multi-purpose experiments. • Lab operation begins 2022 • Operation team of 15-20 people • Rock = Limestone, U: 2ppm, Th: 8.5ppm, K: 2.2% Large size hall Science Program: • AMoRE-II – neutrinoless l Schedule double beta decay expt. 2020 2021 2022 • Large NaI crystal array - dark matter search. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 • Large liquid scintillator - 1st Construction dark photon, solar neutrinos, Large hall excavation etc. 2nd Construction ElEc. & Equip. HPGe, Alpha, Radon ScrEEning, Monitoring AMoRE-II Commissioning Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 14 SURF Underground Lab Geography YatesCJPL: & Ross China + ventilation Jinping shafts, Underground multiple levels for science Laboratory • Yalong River Jinping Hydropower Plant (highest dam in world at 305 m) • World’s deepest and largest underground lab: • 2400 m rock overburden • 300,000 m³ volume • Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2017.67:231-251 Traffic Tunnels JUNA • CJPL-I (opened 2010): • Panda-X, CDEX, Jinping Neutrino Expt) + 3 low-bkgd counters Hall B2: • CJPL-II (excavation and civil engineering completed May 2016): PandaX-4T • 4 halls, each 14m W x 14m H x 130m L; 2 halls with pits Hall C1: * • Experiments will incl larger versions of Panda-X and CDEX CDEX-100 • National MaJor Scientific and Technology infrastructure award CJPL-I Jaret Heise | XXIX International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Jun 22 – Jul 2, 2020 15 SURF Underground Lab Geography YatesCJPL & Ross-II Status + ventilation shafts, multiple levels for science Pure Water Shield Liquid Nitrogen Shield • Hall B2, LXe/Ar Dark Matter Experiment • Hall C1, HPGe Dark Matter/DBD Experiment • 4500m3 pure water (L27m x W15m x D13m) • Vessel Size: ! 16.4m x H 20m (outer), ! 13m x H 13m 3 • Inner gamma bkg level: 10-5 cpkkd @ 2MeV (inner) -> 1725m liquid nitrogen