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Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)
i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |". -
Yellowstone National Park to Canyon Creek, Montana
United States Department of Agriculture Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, to Broadview, Montana Experience the Nez Perce Trail Forest Service 1 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, E NE C E R -M E P E to Canyon Creek, Montana - P 12 Z O E O N N L TM ATI RAI ONAL IC T The Nez Perce To Lavina H IST OR (Nee-Me-Poo) Broadview To Miles City 87 National Historic Trail 3 94 Designated by Congress in 1986, the entire Nez Perce National Historic Trail (NPNHT) stretches 1,170 miles 90 from the Wallowa Valley of eastern Oregon to the plains K E E Billings C R of north-central Montana. The NPNHT includes a N O To Crow Y Agency designated corridor encompassing 4,161 miles of roads, N A C trails and routes. 0 2.5 5 10 20 Miles Laurel This segment of the Nez Perce National Historic Trail from Yellowstone National Park to Broadview, Montana is 90 one of eight available tours (complete list on page 35). These N E R I V E Y E L L O W S T O R Columbus are available at Forest Service offices and other federal and 90 Rockvale local visitor centers along the route. Pryor As you travel this historic trail, you will see highway signs 212 E P d Nez Perce Route ryor R marking the official Auto Tour route. Each Mainstream US Army Route 310 Boyd Auto Tour route stays on all-weather roads passable for 90 Interstate 93 U.S. Highway all types of vehicles. -
Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma Ca
Tickanwa•tic Informational Guide to the History and Culture of the Tonkawa Tribe. Tonkawas photographed by Rhinehart in 1898. Standing L-R: Winnie Richards, John Rush Buffalo, William Stevens, John Allen, and Mary Richards. Seated L-R: John Williams, Grant Richards, and Sherman Miles. Ft. Oakland - Oklahoma Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma ca. 1980 ca. 1999 ca. 1885 - 1901 ca. 2003 On the cover: Tickanwa•tic Tribal name in Tonkawa Language means:“Real People” Pronounced: “Titch-kun-wha-titch” 1 Tonkawa Tribal History The Tonkawa belong to the Tonkawan linguistic family, that was once composed of a number of small sub tribes that lived in a region that extended west from south central Texas and western Oklahoma to eastern New Mexico. The Tonkawa had a distinct language, and their name, as that of the leading tribe, was applied to their linguistic family. They were one of the most warlike tribes during nearly two centu- ries of conflict with their enemy tribes on the Western plains and with the Spanish and, later, American settlers in the Southwest. Their men were famous warriors, and their chiefs bore many scars of battle. The Tonkawa women were also strong physically and vindictive in disposition. The people of this tribe were no- madic in their habits in the early his- toric period, moving their tipi villages according to the wishes of the chiefs Winnie and Chief Grant Richards ca. 1898 of the different bands. They planted a few crops, but were well known as great hunters of buffalo and deer, using bows and arrows and spears for weapons, as well as some firearms secured from early Spanish traders. -
By SENATOR CHET BLAYLOCK, on February 11, 1991, at 3:00 P
MINUTES MONTANA SENATE 52nd LEGISLATURE - REGULAR SESSION COMMITTEE ON EDuCATION Call to Order: By SENATOR CHET BLAYLOCK, on February 11, 1991, at 3:00 P. M. ROLL CALL Members Present: Chet Blaylock, Chairman (D) Harry Fritz, Vice Chairman (D) Robert Brown (R) Bill Farrell (R) H.W. Hammond (R) Dennis Nathe (R) Dick Pinsoneault (D) Mignon Waterman (D) Members Excused: Bill Yellowtail, (D) Staff Present: Eddye McClure (Legislative Council). Please Note: These are su~~ary minutes. Testimony and discussion are paraphrased and condensed. HEARING ON SJR 13 Presentation and opening statement by sponsor: Senator Greg Jergeson from Senate DistrictB presented SJR 13, a joint resolution urging congress to amend Nez Perce National Historical Park. Senator Jergeson said that his district encompasses the Bear Paw Battlefield site and that last session he served on the Natural Resources subco~mittee. Exhibits 1. One of the things that the committee did was meet jointly with the long range building committee and try to make some decisions on the Montana State Park system and within that system is included the Bear Paw Battlefield. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks had suggested in their proposal to charge fees for entrance and use of their state parks with the Bear Paw Battlefield site being one of the places where fees would be set. The Senator said that at the time he objected to a fee being charged because it was not a preserved area. The sponsor said that since the last session a great many people from Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana have worked on a ED021191.SMI SENATE EDUCATION COMMITTEE February 11, 1991 Page 2 of 4 proposal to get several of these sites included into the national park system in the state of Montana. -
Archeology Along the Nez Perce National Historic Trail (U.S
Archeology Along the Nez Perce National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service) COVID-19 Response Following guidance from the White House, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and state and local public health authorities, we are increasing access and services in a phased approach across all units of the National Park System. Before visiting a park, please check the park website to determine its operating status. Updates about the overall NPS response to COVID-19, including safety information, are posted on www.nps.gov/coronavirus. National Park Service SEARCH MENU Series: Yellowstone Science - Volume 26 Issue 1: Archeology in Yellowstone ARTICLE Archeology Along the Nez Perce National Historic Trail Yellowstone National Park https://www.nps.gov/articles/archeology-nez-perce-national-historic-trail.htm[11/16/2020 3:25:29 PM] Archeology Along the Nez Perce National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service) Figure 1. Map showing Nez Perce National Historic Trail. Archeology along the Nez Perce National Hisoric Trail by Daniel H. Eakin & Elizabeth Horton When Yellowstone National Park (YNP) was created in 1872, much of the western Great Plains and Rocky Mountains remained uncharted wilderness still dominated by various Native American tribal groups, some of which were fighting for their own survival. Though the southern Plains Indian wars were winding down, Custer’s defeat on the Little Bighorn was still four years away. Nonetheless, YNP quickly caught the imagination of the American public with accounts of steaming geysers, bubbling hot springs, and other geological wonders. By the mid-1870s, a few settlements had sprung up in surrounding mining regions; and although there were virtually no roads and mostly Indian trails to follow on horseback, a few adventurous citizens visited YNP on sightseeing and other excursions. -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-001 (Revised Feb. 1993) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NFS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Elfers. Jurden Henry. Barn and Field other names/site number IHSI #49-17934: SITS #10-IH-527 2. Location street & number John Day Creek N/A not for publication City or town Lucile X vicinity state Idaho code ID county Idaho code 049 zip code 83530 3. State/Federal Agency Certification_____ As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this _X nomination _request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _X_meets _does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant _X_nationally _statewide _locally. -
Charles Erskine Scott Wood Died in January 1944
o . Boise State University Western Writers Series Number 94 By Edwin R. Bingham University of Oregon Editors; Wayne Chatterton James H. Maguire Business Manager: Ja mes Hadden Cover Design and Illustration by Amy Skov, Copyright 1990 Boise State University, Boise, Idaho Copyright 1990 by the Boise State University Western Writers Series ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Library of Congress Card No. 90-80259 International Standard Book No. 1Nl843o-093·5 Pri nted in the United States of America by Boise State University Printing and Graphics Services Boise, Idaho Chtt/'/eJ ~/"Jkihe ~cett Weed Like a number of Western ....riters.-Bret Harte. Mary Austin, Joaquin Miller, and Mary Hallock Foote, to name four-Charles Er skine Scott Wood came to the American West in his youth. He spent the rest of his life on the Pacific Slope-in Oregon. for more than thirty years, and then in California, where he died at Los Gatos, a month short of his ninety-second birt hday. That long caree r has nearly as many facets as a fly's eye. West Pointer, Indian fighter. attorney, poet, artist, anar chist, satirist, land agent, lec turer, columnist , reformer. Wood was all of these and more . Indeed. he spread diverse talents and remarkable energy in such a sweep ing art that he resembles a renaissance figure out of place and out of time. According to his good friend William Rose Benet: " Something of the largeness of the early West was in Erskine Scott Wood." True enough, but the rugged, informal. Western dimension in him was tempered by the influence of his youthful reading in classical literature that imparts an urbane and Old World flavor even to his Western verse, Moreover. -
Nez Perce National Historic Trail Progress Report Fall 2009
Nez Perce National Historic Trail Progress Report Fall 2009 Administrator’s Corner I would like to open this message by introducing you to Roger Peterson. Roger recently accepted the position of Public Affairs Specialist for the Nez Perce National Historic Trail (NPNHT). I want to recognize him for his exemplary work and for stepping up to take on this position. He has already earned respect for us within our Administration through his professionalism, knowledge, and dedication to the NPNHT. I know that you will welcome him to our trails community. I have a long list of items that I want to work on over the next year. These include the need to continue fine tuning our challenge cost share program, Sandi McFarland, at the Conference on National Scenic and Historic trails in Missoula, launching into our public sensing meetings in preparation for the revision of the Mont., July 2009 NPNHT comprehensive management plan, implementing a trail wide interpretive strategy to update old signs, and finding opportunities for new ones, to name a few. As Trail Administrator, the stewardship and care of our NPNHT, service to our visitors, education, interpretation, and expansion of our challenge cost share program are some of my core responsibilities. I will continue working to ensure that all Trail visitors have a positive experience, no matter if they visit by foot, horse, motorized, or virtually via the Trail’s website. Stewardship of our natural and cultural resources has always been a core value of mine. Our mission is to manage this treasured landscape of history for the enjoyment of future generations. -
Native History: ‘I Will Fight No More,’ Nez Perce War Ends
Native History: ‘I Will Fight No More,’ Nez Perce War Ends Jack McNeel / Memorial services have been held annually at Bear Paw Battlefield, often with a riderless horse led to commemorate those tribal members who died in war. byJack McNeel Oct 5, 2013 Native History: ‘I Will Fight No More,’ Nez Perce War Ends This Date in Native History: On October 5, 1877, the Nez Perce War officially ended as Chief Joseph rode slowly up a hill at the Bear Paw battlefield to where General Howard and Colonel Miles waited. The Bear Paw was only 40 miles from the Canadian border where the Nez Perce hoped to join with Chief Sitting Bull of the Sioux. Some did reach Canada, but the larger number laid down their guns with the promise they could return to their homeland, a promise that was never kept. It was where Joseph was credited with the famous speech: “From where the sun not sets I will fight no more forever.” The Nez Perce had been on the trail since early June. Between 700 and 800 tribal members had left their homeland, covering roughly 1,500 miles on foot and on horseback by October. Only about 200 were warriors while the rest were family members: wives, youngsters, and elders. They hadn’t wanted to leave their ancestral homeland, where the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho come together, but the only option was to move to a reservation in Idaho. Chief Joseph led his people 1,500 miles on foot and horseback. The problems started years earlier. -
The Nez Perce War of 1877 COLOR BOOK TWO
• • • " • " " •, • " " o ~ -Cl • • • • •<I.l .~ • o CQ z 0 0 ~ 1: S 0 c .. ......Z 0 ::r: z '" C/) 0 ~~ ~ d ~ 0 T I .-..-..-.P The Nez Perce War of 1877 COLOR BOOK TWO NEILSEN & PROFERES ...... ~..:-=- "'. BIRCH-JIILL. BOO:S:S Lewiston, Idaho THE NIMIIPU Color Book Two, Copyright © by Diane Neilsen & and Jo Proferes 2003 NIMIIPU COLORBOOK SKETCHES Copyright © by Minerva Josephine Proferes 2000 Other sketches from: Nez Perce War of 1877 - sketches © 1990, and More Nez Perce Sketches © )991 by Minerva Josephine Proferes. Narration by Jo Proferes. Some nalTatives & text are from NEE-MEE-POO from the Blood of the Heart ofthe Monster, © 1998 by Jo Proferes. Other text from nanatives of the Nez Perce Bicenten nwl Exhibit (20 paintings of the War of 1877 used by the ttibe as it's bicentennial project in 1976), also by 10 Proferes. Used by pel:"mission. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher, except for brief quotations by a reviewer. BIRCH HILL Books is a division of BIRCH HILL STUDIO. For infonnation address: BIRCH HILL Books, Box 1246, Lewiston, ID 83501 E-mail: [email protected] Websites: www.proferes.com users.lewiston. comJproferes/index.htmI Colorbook concept by Diane Neilsen Book design by Jo Proferes Artwork by 10 Proferes Printed in United States of America First Edition ISBN 0-9710578~2~6 12345678910 Front cover: Howard Shows the Rifle, colored with Crayola Color Pencils. Colored by ]anessa Neilsen. Dedication: To Ollokot, Looking Glass, Toohoolhoolzote, Poker Joe, and all the others who lived this drama, suffered, and died during this unnecessary war, and to the courageous survivors whose lives were forever changed. -
Joseph to Imnaha, Oregon: Take Oregon State Highway 82 North for 3 Miles Toward Enterprise
Wallowa Valley, Oregon, to Kooskia, Idaho DiscoverDiscover thethe NezNez PercePerce TrailTrail © HaroldHarold PfeifferPfeiffer © 2004 The Nez Perce (Nee-Me-Poo) National Historic Trail Designated by Congress in 1986, the entire Nez Perce National Historic Trail stretches 1,170 miles from the Wallowa Valley of eastern Oregon to the plains of north-central Montana. This segment of the Nez Perce National Historic Trail from the Wallowa Valley, Oregon, to Kooskia, Idaho is one of five available tours. As you travel this historic trail, you will see highway signs marking the official Auto Tour route. Each designated Auto Tour route stays on all-weather roads passable for all types of vehicles. Adventure Routes are an alternative for those seeking the most authentic historic route. They are often on gravel or dirt roads, so plan ahead. Check weather and road conditions before embarking on your journey. Current Auto Tour Opportunities See the available Auto Tour brochure for each trail segment indicated on map below for specific route information. Nez Perce National Historic Trail Wallowa Valley, Oregon, to Kooskia, Idaho segment Trail Segments (Auto Tour brochure available) Traditional Nez Perce Tribe Homelands Nez Perce Indian Reservation Colville Indian Reservation Yellowstone National Park Umatilla Indian Reservation Two Ways to Experience the Nez Perce Trail Auto Tour Route: Wallowa Valley, Oregon, to Lewiston, Idaho • La Grande to Joseph, Oregon: go east on Oregon State Highway 82, Hells Canyon Scenic Byway, to Minam, continue southeast to Joseph. • Joseph, Oregon to Lewiston, Idaho: go north on Oregon State Highway 82 to Enterprise. At Enterprise go north on Oregon State Highway 3 (becomes Washington State Highway 129 at the state line) to Lewiston/Clarkston. -
Ethnographic Overview of the Nez Perce Tribe
ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW OF THE NEZ PERCE TRIBE A. Introduction Long ago, a huge monster, Its-welx, filled the Kamiah Valley in the Clearwater River region. Its-welx was hungry so he swallowed all the animals and the people, and imprisoned them in his stomach. Coyote, It'se-ye-ye, was building a fish ladder for the salmon by tearing down the waterfall at Celilo. He heard about what happened and traveled to where the monster had eaten the people. He had with him five stone knives. He asked Its-welx to swallow him too, because he had become lonely. It'se- ye-ye jumped down the throat, went to the heart of the monster, and began to cut away. After Its-welx died, It'se-ye-ye carved up the monster, and scattered the pieces in many directions, each time naming a particular tribe and their physical characteristics. It'se-ye-ye left the "heart" in Kamiah, and sprinkled the heart's best blood from his fingers. From this he made the last and noblest of the tribe's, the Nimíipu (The Nez Perce). Later, It'se-ye-ye turned the Heart of the Monster to stone. The Heart of the Monster site (10-IH-936) remains in Kamiah, Idaho (Haines 1955:8; Slickpoo 1972:201; Slickpoo and Walker 1973; Walker 1980:106). The Nez Perce people call themselves Nimíipu, which means the "real people" or "we the people." The name "Nez Perce" was given to the people through an interpreter with the 1805 Lewis and Clark expedition. French Canadians interpreted the meaning as "Pierced Nose." However this cultural practice was not common to the Nimíipu (Slickpoo and Walker 1973:1).