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Evidence for Thermal-Stress-Induced Rockfalls on Mars Impact Crater Slopes
Icarus 342 (2020) 113503 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Evidence for thermal-stress-induced rockfalls on Mars impact crater slopes P.-A. Tesson a,b,*, S.J. Conway b, N. Mangold b, J. Ciazela a, S.R. Lewis c, D. M�ege a a Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Wrocław, Poland b Laboratoire de Plan�etologie et G�eodynamique UMR 6112, CNRS, Nantes, France c School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Here we study rocks falling from exposed outcrops of bedrock, which have left tracks on the slope over which Mars, surface they have bounced and/or rolled, in fresh impact craters (1–10 km in diameter) on Mars. The presence of these Thermal stress tracks shows that these rocks have fallen relatively recently because aeolian processes are known to infill Ices topographic lows over time. Mapping of rockfall tracks indicate trends in frequency with orientation, which in Solar radiation � � turn depend on the latitudinal position of the crater. Craters in the equatorial belt (between 15 N and 15 S) Weathering exhibit higher frequencies of rockfall on their north-south oriented slopes compared to their east-west ones. � Craters >15 N/S have notably higher frequencies on their equator-facing slopes as opposed to the other ori entations. We computed solar radiation on the surface of crater slopes to compare insolation patterns with the spatial distribution of rockfalls, and found statistically significant correlations between maximum diurnal inso lation and rockfall frequency. -
Roundup Fall 2015
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Roundup LYNDON B. JOHNSON SPACE CENTER Fall | 2015 Global (and cosmic) expansion Expansión global (y cósmica) In this edition… Guest Column 3 ISS Science Corner 4 Veteran explorers slated for future commercial crew flights 5 All aboard the education I’M WRITING THIS COLUMN having only been on the job for about two station! weeks, so I’m still learning the duties of a deputy director. While I have 6 White House lands at the been to the ninth floor of Building 1 many times, it is interesting how I house of human spaceflight have begun to see the center differently as I take on this new role. to praise our Commitment to I was the Orion Program manager for nearly eight years. During that Action for Hispanic education time, I experienced many transitions in NASA leadership and policy. 8 ‘Leaf’ it to NASA to grow Some of these were difficult for the team to weather, but they met the lettuce on space station challenge. I believe these experiences taught me how to anticipate, adapt and lead a team through change. It is my hope that these 9 It’s complicated: New Pluto experiences will provide me the insight to help Ellen lead the center images from NASA’s New into NASA’s next chapters of human spaceflight. Horizons offer many surprises I know that the other programs and directorates at JSC are faced 10 Meet Delene Sedillo, with their own specific, dynamic environments. In the coming weeks, NASA/PHOTO Associate Director, Office of I’ll be taking some time to get an understanding of the strategies and Mark Geyer Procurement challenges involving all of the organizations here at JSC. -
The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Shuttle Era
The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Shuttle Era Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board ∙ Air Force Studies Board ∙ Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences ∙ September 2011 As the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) retires the Space Shuttle and shifts involvement in International Space Station (ISS) operations, changes in the role and requirements of NASA’s Astronaut Corps will take place. At the request of NASA, the National Research Council (NRC) addressed three main questions about these changes: What should be the role and size of Johnson Space Center’s (JSC) Flight Crew Operations Directorate (FCOD); what will be the requirements of astronaut training facilities; and is the Astronaut Corps’ fleet of training aircraft a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts for NASA’s spaceflight program? This report presents an assessment of several issues driven by these questions. This report does not address explicitly the future of human spaceflight. Background Corps—defined in this report as the number he United States has been launching as- of astronauts qualified to fly into space. As Ttronauts into space for more than five of May 2011, the Astronaut Corps consist- decades and, for a majority of those years, ed of 61 people, compared with a peak size astronauts have been selected and trained of nearly 150 people in 2000. NASA uses a through NASA’s Astronaut Corps. Since its model for projecting minimum ISS manifest inception in 1959, the Astronaut Corps— requirements. Using the model on the next which is based at the Lyndon B. Johnson page, NASA has projected that the Astronaut Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas—has Corps will need a minimum of 55-60 astro- experienced periodic fluctuations in size and nauts to meet ISS crew requirements through training emphasis based on various program 2016. -
Surface Sediment Characteristics and Distribution
United States Department of the Interior United States Geological Survey Inner West-Central Florida Continental Shelf: Surface Sediment Characteristics and Distribution by: Gregg R. Brooks \ Larry J. Doyle 2, Nancy T. DeWitt 2'3, and Beau C. Suthard 1 Open File Report: 98-37 1 Eckerd College, Department of Marine Science, Saint Petersburg, FL 2 University of South Florida, Department of Marine Science, Saint Petersburg, FL 3 United States Geological Survey, Saint Petersburg, FL This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with United States Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Geological Survey. TABLE OF CONTENTS page List of Figures iii Introduction 1 Methods 5 Results and Discussion 13 Sediment Distribution 45 References Cited 47 Appendix 1. Sedimentologic data for all sample sites A1 Ill List of Figures page Fig 1. Location map of west-central Florida 3 showing study area. Fig. 2. Map of entire study area showing sites of 7 samples collected at 1/2-hour intervals during seismic survey. Fig. 3. Map showing sample sites of area of 9 concentration off Sarasota Bay (see Fig. 1). Fig. 4. Map of entire study area showing mean 15 grain size values in 0 units. Fig 5. Map of entire study area showing mean 17 grain size distribution. Fig. 6. Map of area of concentration showing 19 mean grain size values in 0 units. Fig. 7. Map of area of concentration showing 21 mean grain size distribution. -
Gene and Genome Duplication in Acanthamoeba Polyphaga Mimivirus
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Nov. 2005, p. 14095–14101 Vol. 79, No. 22 0022-538X/05/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/JVI.79.22.14095–14101.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Gene and Genome Duplication in Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus Karsten Suhre* Information Ge´nomique et Structurale, UPR CNRS 2589, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France Received 27 June 2005/Accepted 8 August 2005 Gene duplication is key to molecular evolution in all three domains of life and may be the first step in the emergence of new gene function. It is a well-recognized feature in large DNA viruses but has not been studied extensively in the largest known virus to date, the recently discovered Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus. Here, I present a systematic analysis of gene and genome duplication events in the mimivirus genome. I found that one-third of the mimivirus genes are related to at least one other gene in the mimivirus genome, either through a large segmental genome duplication event that occurred in the more remote past or through more recent gene duplication events, which often occur in tandem. This shows that gene and genome duplication played a major role in shaping the mimivirus genome. Using multiple alignments, together with remote-homology detection methods based on Hidden Markov Model comparison, I assign putative functions to some of the paralogous gene families. I suggest that a large part of the duplicated mimivirus gene families are likely to interfere with important host cell processes, such as transcription control, protein degradation, and cell regulatory processes. -
Nhhpc Workshop 2014 Bios
Innovation through Co-development: Engaging Partners Workshop and Networking Event Biographies Keynote Speaker Biographies ……………………………………………. p 02 Panelist and Breakout Moderator Biographies …………………………. p 07 Partner Biographies ……………………………………………………….. p 12 1 Innovation through Co-development: Engaging Partners Workshop and Networking Event Keynote Biographies Mr. Gene Kranz As the leader of the “Tiger Team” of flight directors who brought the Apollo 13 spaceship safely back to Earth on April 17, 1970, Gene Kranz demonstrated extraordinary courage and heroism. The hit film, Apollo 13, chronicles Kranz’s struggle to devise the plan that would safely bring the ship and its crew of three astronauts home after its oxygen system failed. Actor Ed Harris portrays Kranz in the film, which was directed by Ron Howard. Kranz retired from NASA in 1994 after 37 years of federal service, and is currently a consultant and speaker. “Failure is not an option,” the motto that carried him through the Apollo 13 crisis, is a major theme of his motivational message. After receiving his B.S. degree in aeronautical engineering from Parks College of St. Louis University in 1954, Kranz was commissioned in the U.S. Air Force, and flew high performance jet fighter aircraft, including the F-80, F-86, and F-100. In 1958, he worked as a flight-test engineer for McDonnell Aircraft, developing the Quail Decoy Missile for B-52 and B-47 aircraft. Kranz joined the NASA Space Task Group at Langley, Virginia, in 1960, and was assigned the position of assistant flight director for Project Mercury. He assumed flight director duties for all Project Gemini Missions, and was branch chief for Flight Control Operations. -
AMPEZZO a Cura Di C
NOTE ILLUSTRATIVE della CARTA GEOLOGICA D’ITALIA alla scala 1:50.000 foglio 031 AMPEZZO a cura di C. Venturini1 (coordinamento e redazione) contributi tematici C. Venturini1, C. Spalletta1, G.B. Vai1, M. Pondrelli2, C. Fontana3, S. Delzotto3, G. Longo Salvador4 & G.B. Carulli4 con la collaborazione di: D. Garuti3, D. Ciavatta3, M. Ponton4 & F. Podda4 Analisi micropaleontologiche: M.C. Perri1 & C. Spalletta1 (conodonti), M. Pasini5 (fusulinidi) Analisi macropaleontologiche: M.A. Conti6 (ichnologia dei vertebrati), P. Mietto7 (ammonoidi) Sezioni stratigrafiche, disegni e foto: C. Venturini1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-Ambientali - Università di Bologna 2 Dipartimento di Scienze - Università di Chieti e Pescara 3 Consulente Università di Bologna 4 Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Ambientali e Marine - Università di Trieste 8 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università di Firenze 6 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università La Sapienza - Roma 7 Dipartimento di Geologia, Paleontologia e Geofisica - Università di Padova UNIVERSITÀ DI BOLOGNA Ente realizzatore Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-Ambientali Direttore del Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo - Servizio Geologico d’Italia: L. Serva Responsabile del Progetto CARG per il Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo - Servizio Geologico d’Italia: F. Galluzzo Responsabile del Progetto CARG per l’Università di Bologna: G.B. Vai PER IL DI P ARTIMENTO DIFESA D EL SUOLO - SERVIZIO GEOLO G ICO D’ITALIA Revisione scientifica M. Pantaloni (coord.), M.L. Pampaloni, R. Graciotti Coordinamento cartografico D. Tacchia (coordinatore), F. Pilato Revisione informatizzazione dei dati geologici D. Delogu (coord.), L. Battaglini, M.C. Giovagnoli, R. Ventura Coordinamento editoriale e allestimento per la stampa M. Cosci, F. -
SARS-Cov-2 Spike Opening Dynamics and Energetics Reveal the Individual Roles of Glycans and Their Collective Impact
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.456168; this version posted August 13, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. SARS-CoV-2 spike opening dynamics and energetics reveal the individual roles of glycans and their collective impact Yui Tik Pang,y,z Atanu Acharya,y,z Diane L. Lynch,y Anna Pavlova,y and James C. Gumbart∗,y ySchool of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 zContributed equally to this work E-mail: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.456168; this version posted August 13, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract The trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein, which protrudes from the SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope, is responsible for binding to human ACE2 receptors. The binding process is initiated when the receptor binding domain (RBD) of at least one protomer switches from a “down” (closed) to an “up” (open) state. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations and two-dimensional replica exchange umbrella sampling calculations to investigate the transition between the two S-protein conformations with and without glycosylation. We show that the glycosylated spike has a higher barrier to opening than the non-glycosylated one with comparable populations of the down and up states. In contrast, we observed that the up conformation is favored without glycans. -
Perspectives on the Shuttle Program 1 Space Exploration and the Future
National Aeronautics and Space Administration News Farewell from all your NASA colleagues & NASA HISTORY PROGRAM OFFICE Notes Office of Communications Volume 28, Number 4 Fourth Quarter 2011 From Perspectives on the the Chief Shuttle Program Historian For this special issue, our contributors focused on their Centers’ roles With the end of the during the Space Shuttle Program. These varying articles examine the Space Shuttle flights early beginnings as well as the end of this epic era and also illustrate the in 2011, we thought diversity of work at the NASA Centers. we’d try something new for News and Ames Research Center (ARC) Notes this time—a thematic approach focus- ing on the Shuttle Program. In addition The NASA Ames community reflected upon its many contributions to the to much of our usual content, you’ll find Space Shuttle Program at a Center-wide Shuttle Family Reunion on 9 articles inside from the Centers with perspec- August 2011. The highlight of the day was an award ceremony, attended tives on their roles in the Shuttle Program and by Ames staff and retirees, introduced by Jack Boyd, and with a program its conclusion, information on historic pres- prepared by Sheila Johnson and Glenn Bugos. Jim Arnold spoke on his ervation efforts related to the Shuttle, some work in thermal protection systems, John Allmen on Ames’s key work in great Shuttle-related pictures, and even the Return to Flight effort, Walt Brooks on the Columbia supercomputer a cartoon. to support computational fluid dynamics, Tom Alderete on pilot familiar- ization and cockpit simulation in the Vertical Motion Simulator, and Ken For the cartoon, we have to thank Souza on how Ames biologists used the Shuttle to advance fundamental Tim Rickard, creator of “Brewster Rockit: space life science. -
Remarks for Administrator Bolden First Flight
REMARKS FOR ADMINISTRATOR BOLDEN FIRST FLIGHT SOCIETY 109TH CELEBRATION OF POWERED FLIGHT - RECOGNIZING THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF MARINE CORPS AVIATION Dec. 17, 2012 Thank you for this special honor. I am so proud to be inducted into the Paul E. Garber First Flight Shrine. It's an honor to be recognized at a monument named for an aviation pioneer who has been responsible for so much of the history of my field being preserved. Thanks to Mr. Garber, the amazing flying machines that continually inspire new generations to take to the sky, or even to space, will be seen and appreciated for generations. 1 It's quite an honor to be in the company of Alan Shepard and John Glenn; Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins; the Tuskegee Airmen, Bruce McCandless, and so many others who have enlarged this shrine with their accomplishments and inspiration. Ever since NASA got its roadmap forward with the NASA Authorization Act of 2010, we've been moving toward the missions of tomorrow and the capabilities we'll need to visit new places, launch cutting edge science missions, and help develop the next generation of aviation and space systems from which we'll all benefit. A lot of that work will be with the help of people who gained valuable skills through their military service and I'm happy to honor that legacy today as we celebrate the 100th anniversary of Marine aviation. 2 NASA and the military have a long and storied history. Our earliest astronauts came from the military because we wanted that test pilot experience and the willingness to face dangerous situations. -
Curiosity, Un Premier Point Deux Semaines Après L'arrivée Sur Mars
1/8 Curiosity, un premier point deux semaines après l'arrivée sur Mars 19/08/2012 Auteur(s) : Pierre Thomas Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon / ENS Lyon Publié par : Olivier Dequincey Résumé Quelques images du robot Curiosity et premiers objectifs de la mission Mars Science Laboratory. Le 6 août à 7h31 (heure française), le robot Curiosity s'est posé avec succès sur Mars. Cela fait maintenant deux semaines que cet évènement a eu lieu, et il est temps de faire un premier point. Source - © 2012 NASA/Bill Ingalls Figure 1. Explosion de joie de l'équipe de Mars Science Laboratory à l'annonce du succès de l'atterrissage de Curiosity. Mission réussie au Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Vous pouvez avoir une idée (1) du déroulement de l'atterrissage qui s'est déroulé comme prévu, (2) de la géologie du cratère Gale, site d'atterrissage telle qu'elle a pu être déterminée depuis l'orbite et (3) de l'équipement scientifique du rover en (re)consultant les diaporamas présentant la mission Mars Science Laboratory proposés avant l'arrivée sur Mars de Curiosity. Pour suivre vous-même l'activité du rover dans les années qui viennent, la NASA propose un site dédié à la mission Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) et à Curiosity. Qu'a fait le robot depuis son atterrissage ? Son principal travail depuis le 6 août a été de faire un check-up complet de tous ses équipements techniques et scientifiques. Aux dernières nouvelles, tout va bien. Les seuls "résultats scientifiques" actuels sont des images : (1) images prises depuis l'orbite par la sonde Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), aussi bien images de la descente qu'images du site d'atterrissage, et (2) images et film pris pendant la descente et au sol par les 17 caméras de Curiosity. -
Walking the High Ground: the Manned Orbiting Laboratory And
Walking the High Ground: The Manned Orbiting Laboratory and the Age of the Air Force Astronauts by Will Holsclaw Department of History Defense Date: April 9, 2018 Thesis Advisor: Andrew DeRoche, Department of History Thesis Committee: Matthew Gerber, Department of History Allison Anderson, Department of Aerospace Engineering 2 i Abstract This thesis is an examination of the U.S. Air Force’s cancelled – and heretofore substantially classified – Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) space program of the 1960s, situating it in the broader context of military and civilian space policy from the dawn of the Space Age in the 1950s to the aftermath of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Several hundred documents related to the MOL have recently been declassified by the National Reconnaissance Office, and these permit historians a better understanding of the origins of the program and its impact. By studying this new windfall of primary source material and linking it with more familiar and visible episodes of space history, this thesis aims to reevaluate not only the MOL program itself but the dynamic relationship between America’s purportedly bifurcated civilian and military space programs. Many actors in Cold War space policy, some well-known and some less well- known, participated in the secretive program and used it as a tool for intertwining the interests of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with the Air Force and reshaping national space policy. Their actions would lead, for a time, to an unprecedented militarization of NASA by the Department of Defense which would prove to be to the benefit of neither party.