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A Case Study of 1.5 Generation Chinese American Women's A CASE STUDY OF 1.5 GENERATION CHINESE AMERICAN WOMEN’S PERSPECTIVES OF NUTRITION EDUCATION by Diana F. Karczmarczyk A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Committee: ___________________________________________ Chair ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Education and Human Development Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA A Case Study of 1.5 Generation Chinese American Women’s Perspectives of Nutrition Education A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University By Diana Karczmarczyk Master of Public Health University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2003 Director: Anastasia P. Samaras, Professor College of Education and Human Development Fall Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2013 Diana F. Karczmarczyk All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Claudine and Darnell Howard. Thank you for always loving, supporting, and pushing me. You always knew exactly what I needed and what I was capable of, for this and so much more….I am eternally grateful. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am especially grateful, first and foremost, to the Chinese American women who participated in this research. Without their stories this work would not have been possible. Thank you for trusting me and sharing your thoughts—not just with me, but with the world. I would also like to thank my family, friends, and countless supporters for their ideas, suggestions, referrals, support, and enthusiasm throughout this research. Because of each of you listening to me vent, providing me with creative ideas, recruiting with me, and offering additional perspectives for me to consider, I am a better researcher. Thank you! Thank you! Thank you! A special thanks to my critical friends for their feedback, guidance, and support both professionally and personally. It has been a marvelous journey for us and I hope we continue to stay critical friends to each other for a very, very long time. A special thanks also to my good friend, Amanda Leibert, for her constant support and listening ear. You were with me through each step of this journey. “Thank you” just does not seem like enough! I have learned how to be a better professional, researcher, and educator because of all of my wonderful Dissertation Committee members. I am forever grateful to them all. I would like to thank Dr. Bev Shaklee for inspiring me to apply to the program with a specialization in international education when we first met and for opening my eyes to so many opportunities to pursue my passion for social justice. My commitment for social justice has been renewed and strengthened because of your passion and your genuine commitment to all people. Thank you to Dr. David Anderson for your endless support, listening ear, and office space to be creative, honest, and reflective. I am inspired by your energy, passion, and knowledge of public health education and will carry with me the patience, passion, and commitment to justice that you have shared with me. And last but not least, a special thank you to Dr. Anastasia Samaras who was my Chair, my cheerleader, and my confidant throughout this entire process. Dr. Samaras, thank you for teaching me, guiding me, supporting me at all hours, believing in me, and teaching me the beauty of qualitative research. I look forward to paying it forward! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables ..........................................................................................................x List of Figures ........................................................................................................ xi Abstract ................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1 Research Problem ....................................................................................1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1 Cultural Competence and Health .................................................................3 National Standards of CLAS .......................................................................4 Gaps in Research on Asian Americans ........................................................6 1.5 Generation ..............................................................................................7 Nutrition Education ......................................................................................9 Health Issues for Chinese Americans ........................................................12 Obesity and Related Health-Care Issues ....................................................12 Health Disparities for Women ...................................................................15 Statement of Research Problem and Purpose ............................................16 Research Questions ....................................................................................17 Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................18 Definitions of Key Terms ..........................................................................25 Summary ....................................................................................................26 Chapter 2 Review of Literature ..............................................................................28 Overview ....................................................................................................28 Demographics of Asian Americans ..........................................................28 Health Issues Related to Nutrition .............................................................31 1.5 Generation Chinese American Women ...............................................32 Importance of Delivering Culturally Competent Care and Education .......34 Nutrition Education for Chinese Americans ..............................................38 Limitations of the Literature ......................................................................45 Summary ....................................................................................................47 Chapter 3 Methods .................................................................................................48 Introduction ................................................................................................48 Research Questions ....................................................................................48 Research Design.........................................................................................50 v Participants .................................................................................................52 Recruitment ................................................................................................55 Procedures ..................................................................................................57 Tier One ................................................................................................57 Tier Two................................................................................................59 Tier Three..............................................................................................59 Recording ..............................................................................................60 Compensation .......................................................................................60 Ethical Issues .............................................................................................61 Informed Consent .................................................................................61 Confidentiality ......................................................................................61 Interview Setting ...................................................................................62 Request for Information ........................................................................63 Delimitations ..............................................................................................63 Researcher Perspective ..............................................................................64 Potential Biases and Validity Issues ..........................................................67 Triangulation .........................................................................................69 Peer Review ..........................................................................................70 Subjectivity ...........................................................................................71 Data Collected ............................................................................................73 Tier One: Written Narrative of Critical Incident ..................................74 Tier Two: Semi-Structured Interview ...................................................75 Researcher Memos ................................................................................79 Tier Three: Second Semi-Structured Interview ....................................80 Member Checks ....................................................................................81
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