Majes-Camana River)
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Challenges and Opportunities of International University Partnerships to Support Water Management
Issue 171 December 2020 2019 1966 Challenges and Opportunities of International University Partnerships to Support Water Management A publication of the Universities Council on Water Resources with support from Southern Illinois University Carbondale JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY WATER RESEARCH & EDUCATION Universities Council on Water Resources 1231 Lincoln Drive, Mail Code 4526 Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 Telephone: (618) 536-7571 www.ucowr.org CO-EDITORS Karl W. J. Williard Jackie F. Crim Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois Carbondale, Illinois [email protected] [email protected] SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORS Laura C. Bowling Katy E. Mazer John E. McCray Professor, Dept. of Agronomy Sustainable Water Management Coordinator Professor Co-Director, Natural Resources & Arequipa Nexus Institute Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept. Environmental Sciences Program Purdue University Hydrologic Science & Engineering Program Purdue University [email protected] Colorado School of Mines [email protected] [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS Kofi Akamani Natalie Carroll Mae Davenport Gurpreet Kaur Policy and Human Dimensions Education Policy and Human Dimensions Agricultural Water and Nutrient Management Southern Illinois University Purdue University University of Minnesota Mississippi State University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prem B. Parajuli Gurbir Singh Kevin Wagner Engineering and Modeling Agriculture and Watershed Management Water Quality and Watershed -
Cultivating What Is Ours Local Agro-Food Heritage As a Development Strategy in the Peruvian Andes
Cultivating what is ours Local agro-food heritage as a development strategy in the Peruvian Andes Simon Bidwell A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2020 Abstract The Peruvian Andes has long been portrayed as a space of poverty and marginalisation, but more recently Andean places have been reinterpreted as reservoirs of valuable patrimonio agroalimentario (agro-food heritage). Amidst global interest in food provenance and Peru’s gastronomic ‘boom’, Andean people and places have connected with different networks that value the geographical, ecological and social origins of food. This thesis explores the meaning of these changes by combining a discourse genealogy with local case studies. I first trace the emergence of interconnecting discourses of territorial development with identity and local agro-food heritage in Latin America. I explore how these discourses bring together diverse actors and agendas through arguments that collective action to revalue local agro-food heritage can offer equitable economic gains while conserving biocultural diversity, a theoretical dynamic that I term the ‘virtuous circle of products with identity.’ These promises frame in-depth case studies of Cabanaconde and Tuti, two rural localities in the southern Peruvian Andes where a range of development initiatives based on local agro-food heritage were undertaken from around the mid-2000s. The case studies combine evaluation of the economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts of the initiatives, with ethnographic perspectives that look at them through the lens of local livelihoods. The partial successes and multiple setbacks of the initiatives highlight the tensions between economic impact, social equity and biocultural diversity while underlining the limitations of existing markets to value the rich connections between place and food in the Andes. -
Development of a Pilot Smart Irrigation System for Peruvian Highlands
49 Universities Council on Water Resources Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education Issue 171, Pages 49-62, December 2020 Development of a Pilot Smart Irrigation System for Peruvian Highlands Santiago Guevara1, Yogang Singh1,2, Austin Shores1, Juan Mercado3, Mauricio Postigo3, Jose Garcia1, and *Brittany Newell1 1Purdue Polytechnic School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; 2KU Leuven Department of Mechanical Engineering, Belgium; 3School of Electronics Engineering Universidad Nacional San Agustin Arequipa, Peru; *Corresponding Author Abstract: With growing developments in the technology of cloud storage and the Internet of Things, smart systems have become the latest trend in major agricultural regions of the world. The Arequipa and Caylloma provinces of Peru are highly productive agricultural areas that could benefit from these technologies. This region has low precipitation, generally less than 100 mm per year. Electricity is not available in most of the agricultural fields, limiting the types of irrigation methods and technologies that can be supported. Currently, 20 ponds supplied by water runoff from the Andean glaciers are used for irrigating approximately 545 hectares of land in the Majes district (Caylloma province). In order to develop optimal techniques for water irrigation in Arequipa and improve the infrastructure, there is a need for development of a smart water irrigation system applicable to the existing conditions in the region. The current study proposes a pilot smart water irrigation framework comprised of a drip irrigation module, wireless communication module, and a sensor network for intelligently regulating water flow from the cloud. In this study, a TEROS 12 soil moisture sensor is connected to a Digi XBee wireless module for collecting measurements of volumetric water content, temperature, and electrical conductivity, which are sent through a secure IP gateway to the cloud. -
Coproduction Challenges in the Context of Changing Rural Livelihoods *Ruxandra Popovici1, Katy E
111 Universities Council on Water Resources Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education Issue 171, Pages 111-126, December 2020 Coproduction Challenges in the Context of Changing Rural Livelihoods *Ruxandra Popovici1, Katy E. Mazer2, Anna E. Erwin1, Zhao Ma1, José P. Pinto Cáceres3, Laura C. Bowling2, Edwin F. Bocardo-Delgado4, and Linda S. Prokopy1 1Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; 2Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; 3Department of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru; 4Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru; *Corresponding Author Abstract: Coproduction is a process that involves scientists and citizens engaging throughout the production of knowledge, decisions, and/or policies. This approach has been widely applied in an international context for addressing global environmental issues. It is customary for scientists to travel to rural communities, where both scientists and local knowledge holders work together and jointly design solutions to pressing problems. Such collaboration, however, often involves high costs for both residents and scientists, which can reduce project effectiveness. This study examines the challenges associated with coproduction in the context of changing rural livelihoods in beneficiary communities. We specifically conduct a self-analysis of the coproduction process led by our own university team, where scientists designed tools for water and crop management together with community members in Peru’s Caylloma province. We collected qualitative data on the coproduction challenges in five local districts in Caylloma, using focus groups and semi- structured interviews. Our results indicate that changing socioeconomic conditions in rural communities undermined the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of the coproduction efforts and deliverables.