Enhanced Resilience Notable Programs and Strategies

Stephen S. Szoke, P.E., F.ACI, F.ASCE, F. SEI, LEEP/AP Code Advocacy Engineer American Concrete Institute

October 27, 2020

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Source: cambridgema.gov

Buildings Infrastructure Communities

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Inter-Relationship

Source: usfa.fema.gov

Source: portlandorgegon.gov

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Community Assessment Hours Days Months Facility 0 4 24 48 30 60 4 36 >36 Hospitals Police/Fire Shelters Schools Dwellings Services Based on: San Francisco Target Survey (SPUR)

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Community Assessment Hours Days Months Facility 0 4 24 48 30 60 4 36 >36

Hospitals 100%

Police/Fire 100%

Shelters 10% 90%

Schools 10% 90%

Dwellings 20% 100%

Services 30% 100% Based on: San Francisco Target Survey (SPUR)

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Source: US Environmental Protection Agency Source: National weather Service Impacts Can Be Far Reaching: 2005 Hurricane Katrina 2011 Tsunami in Japan

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Rockefeller Foundation 100 Resilient Cities Argentina (2) Australia (2) Brazil (3) Canada (3) China (4) Columbia (2) Greece (2) India (5) Indonesia (2) Italy (2) Japan (2) Mexico (4) Netherlands (2) New Zealand (2) I City Nigeria (2) 2 or More South Africa (2) United Kingdom (5) United States (25) Vietnam (2)

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE 100 Resilient Cities Resilient Cities Catalyst rcc.city

Source: sandiego.gov San Francisco San Diego climate change stormwater runoff seismic events urban forests

housing and income Source: sf.gov drought conditions disparity rising sea levels

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction

Sendai Framework – guide for development of public and private sector partnerships

The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries.

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction Sendai Framework – Targets 1. Reduce disaster mortality 2. Reduce number of affected people 3. Reduce economic losses in relation to GDP 4. Reduce infrastructure damage and disruption 5. Increase number of countries with DRR strategies 6. Enhance assistance to developing countries 7. Increase use of early warning systems

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Disaster Risk Reduction Countries

Priority Earmarked Ethiopia Cambodia Ghana Lao PDR Mozambique Vanuatu Togo Columbia Indonesia Costa Rica Marshall Islands Ecuador Papua New Guinea Guatemala Solomon Islands Bangladesh Vietnam Pakistan Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka Haiti Dominican Republic Nepal

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology 1) Community resilience Guides and analysis tools

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology Community Resilience Community Planning Guide (Vol I and II)

Interdependent Networked Community Resilience Modeling Environment (IN- CORE)

Economic Decision Guide Software (Edge$)

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology 1) Community resilience 2) Disaster & failure studies Investigation of structural and response failues

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology

No city would argue that building back better is undesirable… It may be difficult to justify the huge upfront cost of such long-term investments, especially in the aftermath of a disaster when the priority is recovery.

Cedar Rapids, IA 2008 Flood control started 2016

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology 1) Community resilience 2) Disaster & failure studies 3) Earthquake risk reduction Collapse assessment and Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP)

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology 1) Community resilience 2) Disaster & failure studies 3) Earthquake risk reduction 4) Resilient materials Quantification of Material, Loading, and Modeling Uncertainties of Reinforced Concrete Column Components and Frame Systems under Seismic and Gravity Loads for Use in PBSE

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology

Uncertainties of Reinforced Concrete Column Components and Frame Systems Incorporate three main sources of uncertainty to be applicable for reinforced concrete columns and frames a) Improve the existing component-level uncertainty b) Investigate the impact of loading uncertainty, and c) Integrate the results with work on steel beam- columns.

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology 1) Community resilience 2) Disaster & failure studies 3) Earthquake risk reduction 4) Resilient materials 5) Windstorm impact reduction Calm Before the Storm: Reauthorizing the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Standards and Technology Windstorm impact reduction

Structural Performance for Multi-hazards Program

Assessment of Available Collapse Simulation Methods for Use in Performance-Based Seismic Engineering Project

Coastal Inundation: Hazard Characterization and Structural Design

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures Development of Tornado Load Provisions for ASCE 7-22

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Federal Emergency Management Agency

Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Additional 5 percent Initiative for Promoting Resilience through Disaster-Resistant Building Codes Current International Building Code® and improving a community’s BCEGS score.

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule

Highest Rated

Lowest Rated Not Listed

Source: ISO

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Charlotte, NC

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Building Sciences

Building Seismic Safety Council

Multi-Hazard Mitigation Council

Council on Finance Insurance and Real Estate

Whole Building Performance Gudielines

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE National Institute of Building Sciences

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE FM Global

Property Loss Prevention Fact Sheets safeguards during construction, fire safe buildings, earthquakes, fire resistance, roof anchorage, exterior fire exposure, foreseeable loss, wind design, hail damage, flood, damage-limiting construction, reliability of suppression systems, wind turbines…

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Anheuser-Busch – 1994 Northridge • $1.2 million in seismic retrofits and other upgrades • Saved the business more than $1.1 billion in combined property and business loss

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE International Building Code Table 1605.5 Risk Category… Risk Nature of Occupancy Category Low hazard to human life I Agriculture, temporary, minor storage II Building snot Category I, III, or IV Substantial Risk to human life III Large assembly, educational, institutional… Essential Facilities IV Fire, police, shelters, hospitals…

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE ASCE 7 Table 1.5-2 Improtance Factors… Risk Snow Ice Wind Seismic Category I 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00

II 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

III 1.10 1.25 1.00 1.25

IV 1.20 1.25 1.00 1.50

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Risk Assessment

Large high-volume facilities - voluntary

Risk Category III and IV - mandatory

Other structures – voluntary but little opportunity for occupant influence

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Institute of Business and Home Safety

• Wind Design (Hurricane, High Wind and Tornado/Hail) • Flood Design • Severe Winter Weather Design • Seismic Design • Wildfire Design • Building Envelope and Water/Air Management • Interior Fires Design • Burglary Design • Electrical Surge Protection

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Alliance for National and Community Resilience Develop community benchmarks for local leaders to assess and improve resilience of all community functions • Resilience in every segment • Unique risk profiles • Usable, useful and used benchmarks • Acceptance within and outside community

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE USBGC Reli 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction PA: Panoramic Approach HP: Hazard Preparedness HA: Hazard Mitigation + Adaptation CV: Community Cohesion PH: Productivity, Health + Diversity EW: Energy, Water, Food MA: Materials + Artifacts

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE USBGC Reli 2.0 PA: Panoramic Approach (Community Level) Studies Analyses and Design: Short-Term Hazard, Stakeholders, Commissioning, Monitoring, Maintenance, Business and Community Continuity, Management, Regulation Conflicts, Synergies, Infrastructure Integration, Adaptability, Diversity, Redundancy, Ecology Based Perspectives HP: Hazard Preparedness (Emergency Response) Emergency Planning, First Aid, Supplies, Water, Food, Communications, Longer Timeframes, Community Education

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE USBGC Reli 2.0 HA: Hazard Mitigation + Adaptation Hazard Avoidance) Site Avoidance, Back-up Power, Passive Survivability, Extreme Weather, Wildfire, Earthquakes, Lighting, Critical Services, Water, Transportation, Environmental Protection CV: Community Cohesion (Community Level) Quality of Life, Community Input and Connectivity, Mixed-Use, Social Equity, Employment, Regional Sourcing, Sustainable Growth PH: Productivity, Health + Diversity (Human/Environmental) IAQ, Daylight, View, Thermal Safety: Habitat Protection, Social Equity, Interdisciplinary, Intercultural, Pesticides, Contamination, Wetlands, Biodiversity

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE EW: Energy, Water, Food (Emergency Resources) Water Efficiency, Landscapes, Energy Efficiency, Atmospheric, Rainwater Harvesting, Site Orientation, On-Site Renewable Energy, Edible Landscaping, Urban Agriculture, Lighting, Heat- Island, Airborne Toxins MA:Materials + Artifacts Material Effectiveness, Life Cycle, Non-Toxic, Durability, Adaptability, Flexibility, Disassembly, Reuse, Remanufacturing, Recycling, Composting, Local Sources, Legally Logged Wood, Embodied Energy, Carbon, Water and Toxins; Landfill and Excavation Avoidance THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE ISO/TC 292 Security and resilience 22316 Organizational Resilience - resilience for any size or type of organization. 22301 Business Continuity Management Systems - prepare for, respond to and recover from disruptions 22320 Emergency Management - guidelines for incident management 22395 - Community Resilience - guidelines for supporting vulnerable persons in an emergency

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE ASTM E06 Bldg. Perf. and E53 Asset Mgmt. E3032 - Guide for Climate Resiliency Planning and Strategy - plan for extreme weather and related changes. E2026 Guide for Seismic Risk Assessment of Buildings - assessing buildings for possible earthquake-related losses. E2557 Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) - evaluate and rate seismic risk for buildings E3075 Test Method for Water Immersion and Drying - evaluation of flood damage resistance E3210 Practice for Infrastructure Management - asset management

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE American Concrete Institute

562: Code Reqts. Assessment, Repair, and Rehabilitation 364.1R: Guide on Assessment Before Rehabilitation 369.1: Standard for Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit 365.1R: Report on Service Life Prediction 437R: Strength Evaluation of Existing Concrete Buildings 437.2: Code Reqts for Load Testing 130R: Report on Materials in Sustainable Concrete 370R: Report for the Design for Blast Effects

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE U.S. Resiliency Council

Rating Safety Damage Recovery Immediate/ Exit Paths <5% Days Days/ Injuries <10% Weeks Weeks/ No Live <20% Months Months/ Isolated Lives <40% Year

Lives Likely >40% >Year

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Resilience The capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems to survive, adapt, and grow no matter of:

Chronic Stresses Acute Shocks Earthquake Terrorism Water Scarcity Poverty Wildfires Disease Poor Housing Crime Sandstorms Riots Poor Air Quality Unemployment Extreme Cold Storms Macroeconomics Homlessness HAZMAT Extreme Heat Changing Demographics Infrastructure Failure Aging Infrastructure Lack of Social Cohesion

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE Thank You!

Stephen S. Szoke, P.E. F.ACI, F.ASCE, F.SEI, LEED/AP Code Advocacy Engineer American Concrete Institute

THE WORLD’S GATHERING PLACE FOR ADVANCING CONCRETE