Challenges of an Urbanising World Rapid Population Growth Contrasting Qualities of Life (QOL) Bottom Up Development

Case Study: Mumbai is a globally important megacity, but falls short in terms SPARC Community Toilets of quality of life. Mumbai has a poor level of infrastructure when The opposite of top- Mumbai has a total Mumbai is located in the compared with megacities in other emerging Asian economies. Definition: population of 18 million region of down. No government people! Compare this to Why is QOL so low in Mumbai? involvement, these are strategies Birmingham, which has designed by local communities to population of just 1 million! Factor Effect improve the QOL. These organisations are often NGOs. Notice how well connected The government is ineffective. Housing projects take a long Mumbai is to other areas in Inefficient Government Why Toilets? time to develop, with a lack of  India. This allows for the easy (political, economic) Improved sanitation. Disease and poor health are often a result flow of resources and people sanitation systems being a of poor sanitation and raw sewage. into, and out of Mumbai. major hold up.  Access to clean water for washing purposes – again improving Think like a geographer: How does Mumbai’s location and Limits put on how much rent healthcare and lowering the risk of disease. connectivity promote economic development? can cost. This discourages the Rent Controlled Access to clean toilets that are connected to the cities sewage network • Access to the ocean: Natural deep harbour, easily accessible Convinces a person to move property owner from investing for modern container ships, promoting exports and imports. Attracts a person to Mumbai (economic) away from their rural home in the property as they cannot SPARC toilet blocks offer: • Mumbai’s location in India: Western coastline of India. make as much profit.  Electrical lighting making Quick access via boat or plane to the major emerging them safe for night time economies of the middle east. Housing that is redeveloped is use. • So how important is Mumbai’s location? 25% of all often sold to developers that Corruption  Separate toilets for international trade within India is handled by the dock in build expensive properties, far (economic, social) children to use, ensure Mumbai. out of reach of most local privacy and safety Mumbai residents. The suburban railways of Mumbai Top Down Development A bottom up development encourages the local community to become are vital to the connectivity of the involved in the project. You could argue though that this is a job that city. The roads are often gridlocked. The Challenges of Living in Mumbai The Mumbai the Mumbai government should be addressing, and NOT local NGOs! In a single day, the suburban train Large, expensive network carries around 7.5 million Traffic Congestion: Definition = SWOT Analysis of Mumbai people. Rapid rise to 1.8 million privately infrastructure projects often owned cars in Mumbai as people gain funded by governments or Strengths Opportunities The structure of Mumbai wealth and cars become affordable. FDI.

Does it fit with the Burgess Model? Slum settlements: Why a monorail?  Slums = inner city/suburbs, making are a form of public transport, reducing the travel to work cheap. Slums are not congestion of cars. Outer Inner Suburbs:  officially recognised. In , water Green transport – Reduction in total emissions due to fewer Suburbs First area is only available from a standpipe for a cars generating atmospheric pollutants. developed to 2 hour period each day. house workers. In 2005, the Mumbai government agreed to invest £310 million CBD: Tip of Large pound in a 9km stretch of Monorail. Mumbai, Working Conditions: percentage in Most work in the ‘informal’ sector major historic Tickets are cheap (10p per person), but the route DOES NOT travel poverty and in (unregulated), which means low pay, centre. Bank of through the main area of the city. As a result, only 15,000 journeys Weaknesses Targets slum housing. long working hours and dangerous India and Walt are made each day, most of these being tourists!!! This does not working conditions. These conditions Disney located match Burgess exist due to extreme poverty, and the Conclusion: The monorail is arguably an here. Large model. need for any work to earn a wage. attention grabbing prestige project, port shipping designed to impress other countries by internationally. Rapid Expansion: Major strain on showing how developed and futuristic infrastructure and services. Ensuring a Mumbai is. This is FAR from the truth! Inner City: Major contrasts in reliable electric supply and adequate development levels. Some very water supplies is difficult. No waste expensive, some old slum collection = 800 million tonnes of Are they the solution to Mumbai’s housing (25,000 people) untreated sewage dumped . development crisis?