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Assessment of the State of Marine Biodiversity in the Region of the CCLME

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Assessment of the State of Marine Biodiversity in the Region of the CCLME Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem Project (CCLME) Assessment of the state of marine biodiversity in the region of the CCLME STUDY REPORT M. INEJIH CHEIKH ABDELLAHI, MAHFOUDH O TALEB SIDI ET HAMET DIAW DIADHIOU FINAL REPORT July 2014 « No problem can be solved from the same level of consciousness that created it» 1 Albert Einstein Acronyms CBD : Convention on Biological Diversity CCLME: Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (Grand Ecosystème Marin du Courant des Canaries) CIPA : Centro de Investigaçao Pesqueira Applicada, Bissau. Guinea-Bissau CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS: Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals CNSHB : Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura, Conakry, Guinea. CRODT : Centre de Recherche Océanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroy, Dakar, Senegal EBSA: Ecological and Biological Significant Area CBD EEZ: Economi Exclusive Zone FAO: Food Agriculture Organisation, UN IBAP : Institut de la Biodiversité et des Aires Protégées ; Guinée-Bissau ICCAT: International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna IMR: Institute of Marine Research Bergen, Norvège IMROP : Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des Pêches. Nouadhibou, Mauritania INDP: National Institute for the Development of Fisheries. Mindelo, Cabo Verde INRH : Institut National de recherches halieutiques, Casablanca, Morocco MPA : Marine Protected Area PNBA: Parc National du Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania PRCM : Regional Partenariat for the Conservation of West African marine and Coastal Area RAMPAO : Réseau Régional d'Aires Marines Protégées en Afrique de l’Ouest RD: Research and Development, Fisheries Department, Banjul, Gambia SIBE : Site d’Intérêt Biologique et Ecologique (Morocco Network) SRFC : Sub-Regional Fishery Commission, West Africa UN: Unated Nation UNCLOS: Unated Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization i Sommaire ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................ I SOMMAIRE .......................................................................................................................................... II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... II The status of the biodiversity in the region CCLME ............................................................................................... vii Conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................................................................ ix Conclusions......................................................................................................................................................... ix Recommendations .............................................................................................................................................. x FIGURES AND TABLES ..................................................................................................................... IV Figures ..................................................................................................................................................................... iv Tables ...................................................................................................................................................................... vi I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 II. KEY FEATURES OF THE CCLME .................................................................................................. 3 II.1. Geographical, physical and ecological framework ...................................................................................... 3 II.2. Social and economic framework ................................................................................................................. 5 II.3. Political and administrative framework of biodiversity in the CCLME ........................................................ 8 III. CHARACTERIZATION OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS .............................. 14 III.1 Overall context of marine biodiversity and methodology ............................................................................. 14 III.2. The state of marine biodiversity in CCLME countries ................................................................................... 17 III.2.1 General Inventory of marine biodiversity in the CCLME ........................................................................ 18 III.2.2 National inventory of biodiversity .......................................................................................................... 36 III.3 CCLME marine and coastal key habitats and conservation status ................................................................. 67 III.3.1 Critical coastal habitats and CCLME marine space ................................................................................. 67 III.3.2 State of conservation of CCLME key habitats ......................................................................................... 75 IV: ANALYSIS OF PRESSURES AND THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY ........................................ 80 IV.1 Fishing and other economic activities............................................................................................................ 80 IV.2 Exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbures ............................................................................................. 81 IV.3 Pollution ......................................................................................................................................................... 82 IV.4 invasive marine species ................................................................................................................................. 84 IV.5 Climate Change .............................................................................................................................................. 87 V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 88 V.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................... 88 V. 2 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 94 ii BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 97 Websites.............................................................................................................................................................. 119 ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................... 121 Appendix 1 : Study TOR ....................................................................................................................................... 122 Appendix 2: Types of services and biodiversity values. ...................................................................................... 125 Appendix 3 : List of species repertoried in CCLME’s Countries with references................................................. 128 Appendix 4: List of seabird species of CCLME ..................................................................................................... 129 ANNEXE 5: List of CCLME key habitats under conservation status ..................................................................... 131 iii Figures and Tables Figures Figure 1: Approach and steps taken to address the TdR of the study .......................................................................... 1 Figure 2: Figure 2: (a) Schematic map of the Canary Current with the main currents (light blue: surface current, dark blue: current slope), the main caps, freshwater (blue arrows) and deposition of sand aerosols (> 10 g / m² per year yellow shaded area), retentio areas (orange), dispersion (green) on the shelf, frontal zones between water bodies (discontinuous blue lines) and eddies (blue: cyclones red : anticyclones) south of the canary islands (b) Map of sea-surface temperature over the study area on 25 July 2007 from OSTIA (Arístegui et al, 2009) ..................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Methodological census of marine and coastal biodiversity in the region CCLME...................................... 16 Figure 4: Microalgae of the Pediastrum genus ............................................................................................................ 20 Figure 5: Distribution of events in 1970 (left map) and 2009 (right map), respectively, where paralytic toxins were detected in shellfish and fish, providing circumstantial evidence for an extension in the distribution of these agents (According to Medlin and Cembella 2013).................................................................... 21 Figure 6: Distribution of Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena ............................................................................... 29 Figure 7:Interactions marine mammals fishing (photo credit: IMROP) .....................................................................
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