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Muoz-Elefantesyrascacielos.Pdf 1 9 3 9 - 2 0 1 9 ELEFANTES & RASCACIELOS Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Centro Universitario, Ciudad de Mendoza (5500) Tel: (261) 4135000Interno Editorial: 2240 - [email protected] Muñoz, María Victoria Elefantes&rascacielos : tradición e innovación en la poesía de E.E.Cummings / María Victoria Muñoz. - 1a edición para el profesor - Mendoza : Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 2019. 215 p. ; 21 x 15 cm. ISBN 978-950-774-357-3 1. Estudios Literarios. I. Título. CDD 807 Imagen de tapa: acuarela de Andrea Zucol "Ganesha" Diseño gráfico y maquetación: Clara Luz Muñiz Versión impresa: Talleres Gráficos de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UNCUYO, Argentina - Printed in Argentina Se permite la reproducción de los artículos siempre y cuando se cite la fuente. Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Atribución-NoComercial- CompartirIgual 2.5 Argentina (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 AR. Usted es libre de: copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato; adaptar, transformar y construir a partir del material citando la fuente. Bajo los siguientes términos: Atribución —debe dar crédito de manera adecuada, brindar un enlace a la licencia, e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo en cualquier forma razonable, pero no de forma tal que sugiera que usted o su uso tienen el apoyo de la licenciante. NoComercial —no puede hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales. CompartirIgual — Si remezcla, transforma o crea a partir del material, debe distribuir su contribución bajo la lamisma licencia del original. No hay restricciones adicionales — No puede aplicar términos legales ni medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otras a hacer cualquier uso permitido por la licencia. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ Esta revista se publica a través del SID (Sistema Integrado de Documentación), que constituye el repositorio digital de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Mendoza): http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/, en su Portal de Revistas Digitales en OJS: http://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs/index.php/index/index Nuestro Repositorio Digital Institucional forma parte del SNRD (Sistema Nacional de Repositorios Digitales) http://repositorios.mincyt.gob.ar/, enmarcado en las leyes argentinas: Ley N° 25.467, Ley N° 26.899, Resolución N° 253 del 27 de diciembre de 2002 de la entonces SECRETARÍA DE CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN PRODUCTIVA, Resoluciones del MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN PRODUCTIVA N° 545 del 10 de septiembre del 2008, N° 469 del 17 de mayo de 2011, N° 622 del 14 de septiembre de 2010 y Nº 438 del 29 de junio de 2010, que en conjunto establecen y regulan el acceso abierto (libre y gratuito) a la literatura científica, fomentando su libre disponibilidad en Internet y permitiendo a cualquier usuario su lectura, descarga, copia, impresión, distribución u otro uso legal de la misma, sin barrera financiera [de cualquier tipo]. De la misma manera, los editores no tendrán derecho a cobrar por la distribución del material. La única restricción sobre la distribución y reproducción es dar al autor el control moral sobre la integridad de su trabajo y el derecho a ser adecuadamente reconocido y citado. Elefantes & rascacielos Tradición e innovación en la poesía de E. E. Cummings MARÍA VICTORIA MUÑOZ A mi madre, Victoria Cortizo. ÍNDICE Introducción ....................................................................................... 9 Breve biografía de E. E. Cummings .............................................. 11 Hablan los críticos ............................................................................ 21 Hablan los críticos ........................................................................ 22 Algunas consideraciones de estilo ................................................... 71 Sobre la poesía............................................................................. 72 Sobre la tradición ......................................................................... 78 Sobre la innovación ..................................................................... 81 La tradición en la obra poética de E. E. Cummings .......................... 87 Los temas ..................................................................................... 88 Invocación a la naturaleza ........................................................... 91 Laudatio Funebris ........................................................................ 98 Descriptio puellae ...................................................................... 104 El género .................................................................................... 115 Spenserian Stanza ...................................................................... 116 Verso sáfico................................................................................ 118 Epigramas .................................................................................. 120 Haiku .......................................................................................... 121 Ballade ....................................................................................... 124 Soneto ........................................................................................ 126 El léxico ...................................................................................... 130 Arcaísmos y usos arcaicos .......................................................... 131 7 MARÍA VICTORIA MUÑOZ Extranjerismos ........................................................................... 134 Dialectos .................................................................................... 143 La innovación en la obra poética de E. E. Cummings ..................... 151 La forma ..................................................................................... 152 La tipografía y la puntuación ..................................................... 162 La sintaxis ................................................................................... 172 Anáfora ...................................................................................... 174 Geminación ................................................................................ 183 Epifonema .................................................................................. 191 Conclusión ...................................................................................... 203 Bibliografía y fuentes ..................................................................... 211 Fuentes ...................................................................................... 211 Bibliografía del Marco teórico ................................................... 211 Bibliografía general .................................................................... 212 Bibliografía específica ................................................................ 214 8 Introducción El libro que hoy llega a sus manos es el resultado de la investigación final realizada para la Maestría en Literaturas Contemporáneas en Lengua Inglesa, cuya defensa oral se llevó a cabo en noviembre de 2014. Al concluir el cursado de dicha maestría y luego delargos meses de deliberación interna, terminé de confirmar que el único autor que me podía llevar a emprender la ardua tarea de escribir una tesis era el poeta que había cautivado mi curiosidad en los últimos años de la carrera de profesorado de inglés en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNCuyo. El hechizo provocado al leer los indescifrables versos de E. E. Cummings por primera vez seguía invitándome, años después, a atravesar la aparente inaccesibilidad de su particular estilo. Entonces, me propuse, como me propongo ahora al compartir este libro, dar a conocer la obra cummingsiana y para ello mencionaremos en primer lugar algunos aspectos de la vida de E. E. Cummings y de cuál fue su camino en la adquisición de su sello poético inconfundible. Además, teniendo en cuenta que hemos planteado esta publicación para un público que gusta de la literatura, aunque no necesariamente se especializa en temas relacionados a ella, identificaremos también los rasgos estilísticos de la poesía tradicional y de la poesía moderna 9 MARÍA VICTORIA MUÑOZ como una manera de ahondar en los aspectos que son inherentes a ella y que serán abordados a lo largo del libro. Por otro lado, a partir de la lectura de la obra de E. E. Cummings, y también de su biografía, Dreams in the Mirror: A Biography of E. E. Cummings de Richard S. Kennedy, advertimos una tensión entre dos modos de expresión: por un lado, un entronque en la tradición, tanto en lo formal/estilístico como en los temas, no solo de la poesía norteamericana sino también con algunos de los clásicos de la literatura universal; y por otro lado, un deseo de innovación, marcado por la ruptura de esos mismos moldes tradicionales, ya sea en sintaxis, puntuación, expresión, en la obra de este poeta nacido en Cambridge. Por ello, también intentaremos realizar un acercamiento crítico a estos dos elementos, tradición e innovación. Por último, y como aspecto central de este trabajo, analizaremos una serie de poemas seleccionados de la colección de Complete Poems de Cummings, y para ello, procederemos a trabajar de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, prestaremos atención a aquellos rasgos que reflejan lo tradicional en la obra de Cummings, ya que, según podrá observar el lector en el desarrollo de este trabajo, su formación académica estuvo repleta del estudio de los autores clásicos. Esta experticia en los clásicos
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