Theories of Personality 12.3.17 Preprint
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 304 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2018) The Relationship between Personality and Self-Esteem towards University Students in Malaysia Eswari A/P Varanarasamma Avanish Kaur A/P Gurmit Singh University of Sains Malaysia University of Sains Malaysia [email protected] [email protected] Kavitha A/P Nalla Muthu University of Sains Malaysia [email protected] Abstract. This research investigated the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem among university students in Malaysia. The main objective of this research is to assess the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem among university students. This research examined the predictive value of Big Five Personality Factors for university students’ self-esteem and surveyed the gender difference in Big Five Personality Factors. Participants of this study were 515 university students (258 females and 257 males). The sampling method that was used in this study is purposive sampling. Two highly versatile instruments were used in this research which are Big Five Personality Factor's Scale (Goldberg, 1999) and Coopersmith’s Esteem Scale (CSEI). The Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) is comprised of 44 items, Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree). This instrument has five subscales which are extraversion (E), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), openness (O) and neuroticism (N). The CSEI is a 58 item scale developed by Coopersmith (1967) to measure self-esteem. This scale was based on two options which are, “Like me” or “Unlike me”. Results show a significant positive correlation of self-esteem and personality. -
Personality Theory and the Nature of Human Nature Robert Hogan
Personality Theory and The Nature of Human Nature Robert Hogan & Ryne A. Sherman Hogan Assessment Systems Pre-print under review for special issue at Personality and Individual Differences Abstract This overview of modern personality theory makes six points. First, personality theory is crucial for understanding life. Second, life is largely about competition. Third, there is competition within groups for individual status, and there is competition between groups for collective survival. Fourth, academic psychology focuses on within group competition, but between group competition can be more consequential. Fifth, successful within group competition depends on social skill; successful between group competition depends on leadership. And finally, personality determines/explains the outcome of both forms of competition. Personality Theory and The Nature of Human Nature People are the deadliest invasive species in the history of the earth. People have the potential to kill every living thing and, in certain instances have already done so (e.g., passenger pigeons, western black rhinoceros, great auk) or are on their way to doing so (e.g., sea turtles, elephants, tigers, polar bears). Given their frightful potential and world-wide presence, it would be useful to know something about people. Personality psychology is the “go-to” discipline for understanding people; personality psychology is the only discipline whose primary focus is the nature of human nature. What does personality psychology tell us about human nature? The answer depends on whom you ask; or more precisely, to which theory of personality you subscribe. Modern personality psychology began in Vienna at the end of the 19th century, where an amazing flowering of human creativity brought revolutions in a wide variety of fields including architecture, music, physics, medicine, music, painting, literature, economics, and especially philosophy. -
The Construts of Agreeableness.Pmd
39 The construct of agreeableness: Facet vs. item level analysis Rebecca A. Newgent, Sang Min Lee, Kristin K. Higgins, and Sean W. Mulvenon University of Arkansas Joanie V. Connors Fayetteville, Arkansas Abstract The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) was developed to operationalize the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Using correlational analysis and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, the present study investigates the facet structure of the domain of Agreeableness of the NEO- PI-R at the facet and item level to assess which is a more appropriate level of analysis for interpretation. While the six Agreeableness facets fit the domain, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the original six facet model at the item level did not fit the data well. Exploratory factor analysis indicates that only 35 of the 48 items associated with the Agreeableness domain had salient loadings on their intended facet. Results indicate that performing item-level factor analysis can produce misleading or un-interpretable results. Implications for research and assessment are discussed. The Construct of Agreeableness: Facet vs. Item Level Analysis The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992a) was originally developed in 1978 as the NEO Inventory. The NEO Inventory consisted of three domain scales and 18 facet scales which measured Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992b). Scales, consisting of 18 items, were added in 1985 to measure the domains of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and the inventory was renamed the NEO Personality Inventory. These new domain scales were inadequate in capturing the complete personality picture as the number of items was limited. -
Leadership Theory: a Different Conceptual Approach
Journal of Leadership Education DOI:10.12806/V17/I2/T1 APRIL 2018 THEORY Leadership Theory: A Different Conceptual Approach William E. Allen, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Fort Hays State University Abstract Creating a logical and consistent picture of the state of leadership theory and research is a difficult task (Hernandez, Eberly, Avolio, & Johnson, 2011). Attempts to describe leadership studies occasionally include words such as “paradox,” “inconsistencies,” “contradictions,” and “messy” (Brungardt, 1996; Klenke, 1993). These adjectives flow from many diverse ways of thinking about leadership (Bass, 2008; Grint, 2000; Northouse, 2015; Ruben, 2012). This paper presents an alternative view of leadership theory providing practitioners, educators, and students with an additional-and perhaps a singular-conceptual framework for their toolbox. It also provides leadership studies students with a unifying perspective of leadership theory without taking anything away from individual theories. Introduction This idea for a thirty-thousand-foot alternative view of leadership theory developed out of the challenges associated with teaching leadership studies concepts in China cross-culturally to Chinese students. The understanding of leadership theory that follows allows the reader to grasp the depth and breadth of discipline content in a way that makes sense from a holistic perspective. The new point of view encourages discussion with the hope for a more efficacious understanding of leadership theory in any part of the world. Prior papers have noted this same need and interest (Harter, 2012; Martin & Allen, 2016; Paxton & Van Stralen, 2016; Perkins, 2009). Moreover, this paper answers the call for a critical perspective that goes well beyond the currently available approach by addressing core assumptions in the field (Tourish, 2015). -
An Investigation of the Big Five, Narrow Traits, and Positive Psychology in Relation to Life Satisfaction
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2008 An Investigation of The Big Five, Narrow Traits, and Positive Psychology in Relation to Life Satisfaction Sarah Elizabeth Connor University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Connor, Sarah Elizabeth, "An Investigation of The Big Five, Narrow Traits, and Positive Psychology in Relation to Life Satisfaction. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2008. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/421 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Sarah Elizabeth Connor entitled "An Investigation of The Big Five, Narrow Traits, and Positive Psychology in Relation to Life Satisfaction." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Psychology. John W. Lounsbury, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Richard Saudargas, Eric Sundstrom, John -
A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11756 Behind Every High Earning Man Is a Conscientious Woman: A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages Susan Averett Cynthia Bansak Julie Smith AUGUST 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11756 Behind Every High Earning Man Is a Conscientious Woman: A Study of the Impact of Spousal Personality on Wages Susan Averett Lafayette College and IZA Cynthia Bansak St. Lawrence University and IZA Julie Smith Lafayette College AUGUST 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. -
Agreeableness: a Dimension of Personality
CHAPTER 30 AGREEABLENESS: A DIMENSION OF PERSONALITY WILLIAM G. GRAZIANO TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY NANCY EISENBERG ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY This chapter is devoted to agreeableness as a dimension of personality. This review is composed of three parts. First, we will briefly review conceptualizations and definitions of the dimension, and summarize the history of research on the dimen sion. Second, we will consider theoretical perspectives on agreeableness. Finally, we will focus on a special case of agreeableness, the prosocial personality. I. CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF AGREEABLENESS A. Historical Review of Labels for Agreeableness What is agreeableness? In the past, a basic dimension has been recognized, but it has received different labels from theorists. There may be disagreement on the origins and labels, but descriptions of the basic dimension for the phenomena of agreeableness show remarkable communalities. For example, Adler (1938/1964) suggested that successful resolution of all three problems requires Gemeinschafts- gefuhl, or "social interest," manifested in such traits as cooperation and empathy, selflessness, and identification with others. In keeping with the psychoanalytic ap- COPYRIGHT 0 1997 BY ACADEMIC PRESS. HANDBOOK OF PERSONAIITY PSYCHOLOGY 795 ALL ucins OF REPRooucnoN m ANY FORM RESERVED. 796 GRAZIANO AND EISENBERG proach to attachment, Horney (1945) linked the positive approach to others as part of dependency in response to feelings of inadequacy. Within the psychometric tradition, Fiske (1949) labeled the dimension "con formity/' In their reanalysis of six major studies, Digman and Takemota-Chock (1981) suggested the label "friendly compliance vs. hostile noncompliance." Hogan (1983) offered the label "likability." Digman and Inouye (1986) later suggested that their dimension of friendly compliance is similar, if not identical, to the "love-hate" dimension in circumplex models of personality (e.g., Leary, 1957). -
Emotional Intelligence and Big-Five Personality
PRILOZI, Odd. med. nauki, XXXV 2, 2014 MANU CONTRIBUTIONS. Sec. Med. Sci., XXXV 2, 2014 MASA DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2014-0008 ISSN 18579345 UDC: 159.942:159.922057.875 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG-FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS IN FEMALE STUDENT SAMPLE Nada Pop-Jordanova1, Emilija StoimenovaCanevska2 1 Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, R. Macedonia 2 International Balkan University, Skopje, R. Macedonia Corresponding Author: Nada Pop-Jordanova, MANU, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje, R. Macedonia, Tel: + 389 (0)2 3 23 54 00, Fax + 389 (0)2 3 23 55 00, E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract The aim of this study is to figure out possible connectedness between emotional intelligence and five big personality factors in female students selected from social sciences faculties. The evaluated sample comprised 66 healthy students, of Macedonian nationality, mean age 18.9 ± 0.63 years. As psychometric instruments, we used the EI-test and NEO-PI-R, both with eligible metric characteristic and already used in the Republic of Macedonia. Statistical analysis was performed using Sta17, both descriptive and inferential statistics including medians, standard deviations, and twotailed Pearson's correlation. The obtained results for emotional intelligence showedn average anxiety level (M = 77.35), extraversion (M = 50.91) and a realistic outlook on life (M = 81.64), high self-confidence (M = 44.44) and generally satisfactory empathy (M = 85.39). Personality characteristics obtained with NEO-PI-R showed high extroversion (M = 123. 70), low agreeableness (M = 105.82) and cons- ciousness (M = 104.67), as well as mild neuroticism (M = 91.33) and openness (M = 117.45). -
23Rd Occasional Temperament Virtual Conference Program November 1St – 2Nd Hosted by Virginia Tech
23rd Occasional Temperament Virtual Conference Program November 1st – 2nd Hosted by Virginia Tech Sunday, November 1st Opening and Welcome: Dr. Cindy Smith 1:00-1:15P.M. Professor of Human Development and Family Science Virginia Tech Symposium: Honoring the Contributions of Dr. William Carey 1:15-2:45P.M. Chair: Dr. Sean McDevitt Adminstrator Behavioral-Developmental Initiatives • Robert J. Hudson, Tulsa School of Community Medicine – Five Decades of Temperament Traits: So… Now What? • Sara Harkness and Charles M. Super, University of Connecticut – The Internationalization of Temperament Research: A Tribute to Bill Carey • Mary Sheedy Kurcinka, ParentChildhelp.com and Janet Crow, University of California – San Diego – Discovering Infant Temperament Types while Measuring Level of Infant Caregiver Stress • Cindy Ratekin, California State University – Temperament in the Schools: The Legacy and Impact of Barbara Keogh • Patricia McGuire, allchildrenarespecial.com – In Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, How Do Temperament and ADHD Overlap? • Sean McDevitt, Behavioral-Developmental Initiatives – Comprehensive Child Behavioral Assessment & Management: A Goal for Primary Care Professionals Presentation of the Jan Kristal Award 2:45-3:00P.M. Dr. Sean McDevitt Virtual Poster Sessions 3:00-5:00P.M. Session 1: Temperament in Infancy 3:00-3:20P.M. • Mairin Augustine - Infant Temperamental Distress, Maternal Attributions, and Observed Maternal Sensitivity Predict Child Behavior Problems • Angela Bernardo - The Relationship Between Temperament and Jealousy in Infants • Jennifer R Bertollo - Infant Negative Emotion Reactivity and Childhood Adaptive Socialization Skills • Macall Gordon - The Effect of Difficult Temperament on Experiences with Infant Sleep and Sleep Training: A Survey of Parents • Allison D. Hepworth - Supporting Infant Emotion Regulation through Attachment- Based Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial • Kelly Lavin - A Closer Look at the Measurement and Stability of Temperament Across Infancy • Diane M. -
Personality Traits
Personality Traits SECOND EDITION GERALD MATTHEWS University of Cincinnati IAN J. DEARY University of Edinburgh MARTHA C. WHITEMAN University of Edinburgh published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1998. Reprinted 1999, 2000, 2002 Second edition 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Times 10/13 pt. Formata System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Matthews, Gerald. Personality traits / Gerald Matthews, Ian J. Deary, Martha C. Whiteman. – 2nd edn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 83107 5 – ISBN 0 521 53824 6 (pb) 1. Personality. I. Deary, Ian J. II. Whiteman, Martha C. III. Title. BF698.M3434 2003 155.23 – dc21 2003046259 ISBN 0 521 83107 5 hardback ISBN 0 521 53824 6 paperback The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. -
Narcissism, the Big Five Personality Traits, and Achievement Goal Orientation
International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 2012, Volume 24, Number 1, 76-88 http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/ ISSN 1812-9129 Educating the Disagreeable Extravert: Narcissism, the Big Five Personality Traits, and Achievement Goal Orientation Joan Monahan Watson Virginia Tech Despite the fact that longitudinal data have been compiled over the past 30 years among undergraduate students in higher education settings regarding narcissism, the literature is devoid of empirical investigations that explore the relationships between narcissism and learning. Because the data suggest that narcissism scores are increasing each year among this population, an exploration of the relationship between narcissism and learning is timely and warranted. Sampling from university undergraduate students, this study uses the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Big Five Inventory, and the Achievement Goal Questionnaire to verify the known relationships between narcissism and the Big Five personality traits of extraversion and agreeableness; to verify the known relationships between the Big Five personality traits of extraversion and agreeableness and goal orientation; and to explore a previously undocumented empirical relationship between narcissism and performance goal orientation. Results of this exploratory study indicate that while narcissism does contribute to a performance goal orientation, it is not a substantial variable in determining achievement goal orientation in general. The study addresses the implications and limitations of this research in addition to areas for additional investigation. When considering those variables that impact contributes to the ambiguity of its definition and its student learning, it is often easy to overlook or empirical illusiveness. Beginning with Ellis’ otherwise discount the significance of individual (1898/2010) description of “Narcissus-like” behavior to personality and its role in the learning process. -
Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and the Relationship with Individual Taxpayer Compliance Behavior
Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and the Relationship with Individual Taxpayer Compliance Behavior Brian Huels University of Wisconsin-Whitewater K. Praveen Parboteeah University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Within the Big Five personality framework, past research has found that neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness tend to display a relationship with ethical behavior (Sacket & Wanek, 1996; Kolz, 1999; Kalshoven, Den Hartog, & DeHoogh, 2011). Although past research has explored the relationship between white-collar crime and personality (Blickle, Schlegel, Fassbender, & Klein, 2006; Turner, 2014), this study seeks to more narrowly look at the influence that personality (specifically, neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscitiousness) has on taxpayer compliance. As hypothesized, results provide support that taxpayer compliance behavior decreases when higher level of neuroticism and conscientiousness are present. INTRODUCTION “Tax evasion is a widespread phenomenon and continues to be a problem for many countries” (Tsakumis, Curatola, & Porcano, 2007, p. 132). Within the U.S., the tax gap, defined as the difference between what taxpayers owe and what is paid on a voluntarily and timely basis (Andreoni, Erard, & Feinstein, 1998), amounts to approximately $406 billion per year (Internal Revenue Service, 2016a). Sixty-five percent of this amount ($264 billion) can be sourced to the underreporting of income by individual taxpayers. Furthermore, “Although the IRS has initiated several initiatives to address the tax gap,” (Washburn & Fisher, 2012, p. 31) the tax gap has not seen any significant reduction in size. Given this information, studies aiming to better understand the compliance behavior of taxpayers are critical. Past tax research has referenced the inclusion of personality as a predictor variable. However, upon review, the actual items of measure within these studies were not necessarily personality variables as is understood by extent research.