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Dr. Keshaw Kumar ABSTRACT Anatomy
Original Research Paper VOLUME-6 | ISSUE-4 | APRIL - 2017 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 | IF : 4.176 | IC Value : 78.46 Anatomy KEYWORDS: Cardiac Vein, Mammals, Cardiac Veins of Mammals Heart. Department of Anatomy Government Allopathic Medical College Dr. Keshaw Kumar Banda (U.P.) India ABSTRACT Hearts of human, buffalo, pig, goat and dog (25 of each) were procured from various sources and preserved in 10% formalin. Cardiac veins were dissected to observe their commencement, course, termination and tributaries in all these mammals. In goat, small cardiac vein was absent and small venules drained right atrium and venticle into right atrium separately. In buffalo, pig and dog small cardiac vein ran into coronary sulcus with the circumflex branch of right coronary artery to open into right atrium separately. Only in human small cardiac vein drained into right extremity of coronary sinus. Marginal vein travelling the left border of heart from apex to coronary sinus was present only in goat. Only in dog middle and great cardiac veins were formed by union of venae comitantes of posterior interventricular and anterior interventricular arteries respectively near the coronary sulcus. In rest of the mammals middle cardiac vein travelled in posterior interventricular sulcus and great cardiac vein in anterior interventricular sulcus. In all the mammals studied great cardiac vein opened into left extremity of coronary sinus. In human and buffalo, middle cardiac vein opened into coronary sinus near its right extremity while in pig, goat and dog it opened into right atrium near the right extremity of coronary sinus. In all the mammals studied coronary sinus was present between left atrium and ventricle on the back of heart and commenced as continuation of great cardiac vein to open into right atrium near the crux of heart. -
Management of Poisoning
MOH CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES December/2011 Management of Poisoning Health Ministry of Sciences Chapter of Emergency College of College of Family Manpower Authority Physicians Physicians, Physicians Academy of Medicine, Singapore Singapore Singapore Singapore Medical Pharmaceutical Society Society for Emergency Toxicology Singapore Paediatric Association of Singapore Medicine in Singapore Society (Singapore) Society Executive summary of recommendations Details of recommendations can be found in the main text at the pages indicated. Principles of management of acute poisoning – resuscitating the poisoned patient GPP In a critically poisoned patient, measures beyond standard resuscitative protocol like those listed above need to be implemented and a specialist experienced in poisoning management should be consulted (pg 55). GPP D Prolonged resuscitation should be attempted in drug-induced cardiac arrest (pg 55). Grade D, Level 3 1 C Titrated doses of naloxone, together with bag-valve-mask ventilation, should be administered for suspected opioid-induced coma, prior to intubation for respiratory insuffi ciency (pg 56). Grade C, Level 2+ D In bradycardia due to calcium channel or beta-blocker toxicity that is refractory to conventional vasopressor therapy, intravenous calcium, glucagon or insulin should be used (pg 57). Grade D, Level 3 B Patients with actual or potential life threatening cardiac arrhythmia, hyperkalaemia or rapidly progressive toxicity from digoxin poisoning should be treated with digoxin-specifi c antibodies (pg 57). Grade B, Level 2++ B Titrated doses of benzodiazepine should be given in hyperadrenergic- induced tachycardia states resulting from poisoning (pg 57). Grade B, Level 1+ D Non-selective beta-blockers, like propranolol, should be avoided in stimulant toxicity as unopposed alpha agonism may worsen accompanying hypertension (pg 57). -
Kaistella Soli Sp. Nov., Isolated from Oil-Contaminated Soil
A001 Kaistella soli sp. nov., Isolated from Oil-contaminated Soil Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary1, Ram Hari Dahal2, Dong-Uk Kim3, and Yongseok Hong1* 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 3Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Sangji University A light yellow-colored, rod-shaped bacterial strain DKR-2T was isolated from oil-contaminated experimental soil. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, catalase and oxidase positive, and grew at temperature 10–35°C, at pH 6.0– 9.0, and at 0–1.5% (w/v) NaCl concentration. The phylogenetic analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that the strain DKR-2T was affiliated to the genus Kaistella, with the closest species being Kaistella haifensis H38T (97.6% sequence similarity). The chemotaxonomic profiles revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine as the principal polar lipids;iso-C15:0, antiso-C15:0, and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) as the main fatty acids; and menaquinone-6 as a major menaquinone. The DNA G + C content was 39.5%. In addition, the average nucleotide identity (ANIu) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) relatedness values between strain DKR-2T and phylogenically closest members were below the threshold values for species delineation. The polyphasic taxonomic features illustrated in this study clearly implied that strain DKR-2T represents a novel species in the genus Kaistella, for which the name Kaistella soli sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain DKR-2T (= KACC 22070T = NBRC 114725T). [This study was supported by Creative Challenge Research Foundation Support Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF- 2020R1I1A1A01071920).] A002 Chitinibacter bivalviorum sp. -
Responses to Ecopollutants and Pathogenization Risks of Saprotrophic Rhodococcus Species
pathogens Review Responses to Ecopollutants and Pathogenization Risks of Saprotrophic Rhodococcus Species Irina B. Ivshina 1,2,*, Maria S. Kuyukina 1,2 , Anastasiia V. Krivoruchko 1,2 and Elena A. Tyumina 1,2 1 Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, 13 Golev Str., 614081 Perm, Russia; [email protected] (M.S.K.); [email protected] (A.V.K.); [email protected] (E.A.T.) 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-342-280-8114 Abstract: Under conditions of increasing environmental pollution, true saprophytes are capable of changing their survival strategies and demonstrating certain pathogenicity factors. Actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus, typical soil and aquatic biotope inhabitants, are characterized by high ecological plasticity and a wide range of oxidized organic substrates, including hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Their cell adaptations, such as the ability of adhering and colonizing surfaces, a complex life cycle, formation of resting cells and capsule-like structures, diauxotrophy, and a rigid cell wall, developed against the negative effects of anthropogenic pollutants are discussed and the risks of possible pathogenization of free-living saprotrophic Rhodococcus species are proposed. Due to universal adaptation features, Rhodococcus species are among the candidates, if further anthropogenic pressure increases, to move into the group of potentially pathogenic organisms with “unprofessional” parasitism, and to join an expanding list of infectious agents as facultative or occasional parasites. Citation: Ivshina, I.B.; Kuyukina, Keywords: actinobacteria; Rhodococcus; pathogenicity factors; adhesion; autoaggregation; colonization; M.S.; Krivoruchko, A.V.; Tyumina, defense against phagocytosis; adaptive strategies E.A. -
Poisoning in Children
ARTICLE IN PRESS Current Paediatrics (2005) 15, 563–568 www.elsevier.com/locate/cupe Poisoning in children Fiona JepsenÃ, Mary Ryan Emergency Medicine, Royal Liverpool Children’s NHS Trust, Alder Hey, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK KEYWORDS Summary Poisoning accounts for about 7% of all accidents in children under 5 Poisoning; years and is implicated in about 2% of all childhood deaths in the developed world, Child; and over 5% in the developing world (National Poisons Information Service). In Accidents; considering this topic, however, it is important to differentiate accidental overdose Home (common in the younger age groups) and deliberate overdose (more common in young adults). Although initial assessment and treatment of these groups may not differ significantly, the social issues and ongoing follow-up of these children will be totally different and the treating physician must remain aware of this difference. The initial identification and treatment of these children remains the mainstay of management, and many ingested substances do not have a specific antidote. Supportive treatment must be planned and the potential for delayed or long-term effects noted. The specific presentation and treatment of some of the commonly ingested substances will be addressed in this article, and guidance given on when to contact expert help. & 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction such as bleaches, detergents and turpentine sub- stitutes. More than 100 000 individuals are admitted to Toxic compounds may be ingested or inhaled hospital in England and Wales annually due to either accidentally or deliberately. Accidental poisoning, accounting for 10% of all acute admis- poisoning can occur at any age, but is much more 1 sions.1 However, the true incidence of acute common in children. -
Acute Poisoning: Understanding 90% of Cases in a Nutshell S L Greene, P I Dargan, a L Jones
204 REVIEW Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.2004.027813 on 5 April 2005. Downloaded from Acute poisoning: understanding 90% of cases in a nutshell S L Greene, P I Dargan, A L Jones ............................................................................................................................... Postgrad Med J 2005;81:204–216. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.024794 The acutely poisoned patient remains a common problem Paracetamol remains the most common drug taken in overdose in the UK (50% of intentional facing doctors working in acute medicine in the United self poisoning presentations).19 Non-steroidal Kingdom and worldwide. This review examines the initial anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), benzodiaze- management of the acutely poisoned patient. Aspects of pines/zopiclone, aspirin, compound analgesics, drugs of misuse including opioids, tricyclic general management are reviewed including immediate antidepressants (TCAs), and selective serotonin interventions, investigations, gastrointestinal reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) comprise most of the decontamination techniques, use of antidotes, methods to remaining 50% (box 1). Reductions in the price of drugs of misuse have led to increased cocaine, increase poison elimination, and psychological MDMA (ecstasy), and c-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) assessment. More common and serious poisonings caused toxicity related ED attendances.10 Clinicians by paracetamol, salicylates, opioids, tricyclic should also be aware that severe toxicity can result from exposure to non-licensed pharmaco- -
Medical Science
Volume : 5 | Issue : 7 | July 2016 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 | IF : 3.508 | IC Value : 69.48 Original Research Paper Original Research Paper Volume : 5 | Issue : 7 | July 2016 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 | IF : 3.508 | IC Value : 69.48 Medical Science Duplication of Both The Circumflex Arteries KEYWORDS : Coronary artery, Cir- and Both The Interventricular Arteries in cumflex artery Interventricular artery, Human Heart Heart. Department of Anatomy, Government Allopathic Medical College, Banda (U.P.) Dr. Keshaw Kumar INDIA. ABSTRACT The heart obtained from the cadavers (156) were dissected in order to study anomalies in human coronary arteries. Only in one heart duplication of both the circumflex arteries as well as both the interventricular arteries was found. INTRODUCTION cumflex artery immediately after reaching the back of heart Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries were discussed (fig-3). The right superior circumflex artery travelled into by Abbott (1927)1, Blake et al (1964)2, Hallman et al (1966)3 coronary sulcus and continued as nodal artery at the crux and Ogden (1970)4. The anomalous origin of left coronary of heart after giving a slender superior posterior interven- artery from the pulmonary artery was observed by As- tricular artery which sank into the musculature of heart af- kenazi and Nadas (1975)5, George and Knowlan (1959)6, ter traversing 1.5 cm distance in the posterior interventricu- Keith (1959)7 Wesselhoeft et al (1968)8 and Flamm et al lar sulcus (fig-3). The right inferior circumflex artery took (1968)9 while Ott et al (1978)10 found origin of circumflex an oblique course running inferior to coronary sulcus on artery from right pulmonary artery. -
Hospital Formulary (List of Drugs, Chemicals & Dressing Material)
Hospital Formulary (List of drugs, chemicals & dressing material) Department of Pharmacy Government Medical College Hospital Sector-32, Chandigarh Compiled by: Jayati Khurana (M.Pharmacy in Pharmaceutics) Department of Pharmacy - In The Service of Humanity Prof Ravi Gupta Head Pharmacy Ms. Neetu Verma Dispensary Superintendent Ms. Manjeet Kaur Pharmacist Ms. Kuldeep Kaur Pharmacist Ms. Neelam Pharmacist Ms. Parveen Lata Pharmacist Ms. Monika Verma Pharmacist Mr. Jatinder Singh Pharmacist Ms. Bharti Rawat Pharmacist Ms. Neetu Verma Pharmacist Mr. Satinder Parkash Pharmacist Mr. Ravinder Pharmacist Ms. Rachna Bisht Pharmacist Ms. Alka Sinhmar Pharmacist Ms. Nisha Rani Pharmacist Ms. Pooja Pharmacist Ms. Charu Pharmacist Ms. Jayati Khurana Pharmacist Ms. Monika Yadav Pharmacist Ms. Kala Wanti Senior Assistant Ms. Vandana Junior Assistant Mr. Chhinder Data Entry Operator INDEX S. No. Pharmacological Category Page number 1 Abortifacients/Uterine stimulants 1 2 Alkalizing agent 1 3 Alpha-1 Blocker 1 4 Aminoglycoside antibiotics (Bactericidal) 1 5 Analgesic-Anti-inflammatory drugs 2-3 6 Antacids 3 7 Anti-acne drugs 4 8 Anti-allergic drugs 4 9 Anti-amoebic drugs 4 10 Antianginal drugs 4-5 11 Anti-anxiety drugs 5 12 Antiarrhythmic drugs 6 13 Antiarrhythmics-Local Anesthetics 6 14 Antiasthmatic drugs 6-8 15 Anticancer drugs 8-10 16 Anticholinergic drugs 10 17 Anti-coagulant 10-11 18 Antidepressants 11 19 Antidiarrhoeal drugs 12 20 Anti-Diuretic Hormone 12 21 Antidotes 12-13 22 Anti-Emetic drugs 13-14 23 Anti-Epileptics 14-15 24 Antifungal drugs 15-16 25 Anthelminthic drugs 16 26 Antihistamines 17 27 Anti-hyperglycemics 17 28 Antihypertensive drugs 18 29 Antiinflammatory-local anesthetics 18 30 Anti-leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) 18 31 Anti-leprotics 19 32 Anti-malarial drugs 19-20 33 Antimaniac drugs 20 34 Antiparkison drugs 21 35 Anti-peptic ulcers 21-22 36 Antiplatelets 22 37 Anti-psoriatics 22 38 Anti-psychotics 22-23 39 Anti-pyretics 23 40 Anti-scabies/Anti-lice 23 41 Antiseptic-Disinfectants 23-24 42 Antispasmodics 24-25 43 Anti-T.B. -
Pattern of Paracetamol Poisoning: Influence on Outcome and Complications
toxics Article Pattern of Paracetamol Poisoning: Influence on Outcome and Complications Diego Castanares-Zapatero 1, Valérie Dinant 1, Ilaria Ruggiano 1, Harold Willem 1, Pierre-François Laterre 1 and Philippe Hantson 1,2,* 1 Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques St-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] (D.C.-Z.); [email protected] (V.D.); [email protected] (I.R.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (P.-F.L.) 2 Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1200 Brussels, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +00-327-642-755 Received: 5 September 2018; Accepted: 28 September 2018; Published: 29 September 2018 Abstract: Acute paracetamol poisoning due to a single overdose may be effectively treated by the early administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antidote. The prognosis may be different in the case of intoxication due to multiple ingestions or when the antidote is started with delay. The aim of this work was to investigate the outcome of paracetamol poisoning according to the pattern of ingestion and determine the factors associated with the outcome. We performed a retrospective analysis over the period 2007–2017 of the patients who were referred to a tertiary hospital for paracetamol-related hepatotoxicity. Inclusion criteria were: accidental or voluntary ingestion of paracetamol, delay for NAC therapy of 12 h or more, liver enzymes (ALT) >1000 IU/L on admission. Ninety patients were considered. Poisoned patients following multiple ingestion were significantly older (45 ± 12 vs. 33 ± 14) (p = 0.001), with a higher incidence of liver steatosis (p = 0.016) or chronic ethanol abuse (p = 0.04). -
FACULTY of NURSING S By
FACULTY OF NURSING SCIENCES By- SUDHA BENJAMINI Associate Professor Faculty of Nursing B.Sc. Nursing MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING UNIT: V NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH BLOOD AND CARDIO VASCULAR PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES At the end of the this class student will be able to Define the valvular stenosis Enumerate the Etio-pathophysiology, Discuss the clinical manifestation of valvular stenosis Explain in detail about medical, surgical, Nursing management of valvular stenosis INTRODUCTION Structural disorders of the heart preset many challenges for patient, family and health care team. according to the valve or valves affected and the type of functional alteration Includes - Stenosis, regurgitation The session will discuss the heart valves disorders like stenosis of the heart valves like Mitral stenosis, Aortic stenosis, tricuspid stenosis and pulmonic stenosis. MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS MEANING Stenosis is the term for a valve that doesn't open properly. The flaps of a valve thicken, stiffen, or fuse together. As a result, the valve can't completely open. Thus, the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the valve, and the body may suffer from a reduced supply of oxygen MITRAL STENOSIS DEFINITION Mitral stenosis: Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve opening. Mitral stenosis restricts blood flow from the left atrium (lower right chamber) to the left ventricle (lower left chamber). MITRAL VALVE : ANATOMY Posterior Tricuspid Bicuspid valve (mitral) valve Right Left sideof sideof heart heart Aortic Pulmonary valve valve MITRAL VALVE : ANATOMY MITRAL STENOSIS • In normal adults, the area of the mitral valve orifice is 4-6 cm2. • In mitral stenosis, the area of valve orifice decreases. -
Distribution of Bronchial Gland Measurements in a Jamaican Population
Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.24.5.619 on 1 September 1969. Downloaded from Thorax (1969), 24, 619. Distribution of bronchial gland measurements in a Jamaican population J. A. HAYES1 From the Pathology Department, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica Measurements of the gland thickness and Reid index have been made on bronchi obtained at necropsy on 53 male and 52 female Jamaicans. The mean values for the Reid index and mucous gland thickness obtained were 0-314 and 0O192 mm. for males, and 0-302 and 0l170 mm. for females respectively. No significant increase in value was seen with age, although the data suggest this trend. The results have been compared with data published from Montreal and the same overall Gaussian distribution is seen. This supports the suggestion that the gland measurements in non-bronchitic and bronchitic subjects do- not fall into two distinct groups but are part of a continuous distribution. The similarity of the two studies is also of interest as the populations are drawn from two distinct environments, one from a non-industrialized tropical island, the other from a large city in the northern hemisphere. Bronchial mucous gland enlargement is usually The existing evidence, therefore, indicates that associated with the consistent production of atmospheric pollution is connected with enlarge- copyright. mucoid sputum in chronic bronchitis (Reid, 1958). ment of bronchial mucous glands. It was suggested that this mucosal change could Clinical chronic bronchitis is encountered in be recognized by an increase in the ratio of Jamaica, apparently in the absence of atmospheric mucous gland thickness to thickness of the pollution (Walshe and Hayes, 1967). -
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INDEX CHAPTER NUMBER CHAPTER NAME PAGE Association of Tuberculosis with HIV & Chapter-1 1-11 Non Communicable Diseases New Insights to Resistance of a Novel Drug Chapter-2 Bedaquiline using in-vitro Mutants of ATP 12-21 Synthase in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Chapter-3 Tuberculosis Treatment and Management 22-37 Early Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tubercu- Chapter-4 38-43 losis using Next Generation Sequencing Chapter-5 CNS Tuberculosis: An Overview 44-64 Chapter-6 Diagnosis of Tuberculosis 65-94 Published in: April 2018 Online Edition available at: http://openaccessebooks.com/ Reprints request: [email protected] Copyright: @ Corresponding Author Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis Chapter 1 Association of Tuberculosis with HIV & Non Communicable Diseases Salil Bhargava*; Ravi Dosi Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Sri Aurbindo Medical College & PGI, Indore MP. *Correspondence to: Salil Bhargava, HOD & Professor, Dept of Respiratory Diseases, MGM Medical Col- lege, Indore MP, India. Email: [email protected] 1. Introduction Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by the organism Mycobacterium Tubercu- losis through adroplet mode of spread and a variable period of latency of infection. The or- ganism had been identified in many specimens of almost 6000 years old as well as in various civilizations and amongst several prominent personalities too. 2. Diabetes mellitus [DM] DM is an established risk factor for tuberculosis. Its prevalence is 2.1% to 16.4% in tu- berculosis patients. Tuberculosis due to Diabetes Mellitus occurs because of impaired cell-me- diated immunity, microangiopathy, kidney failure and micronutrient deficiency [2]. Diagnosis of tuberculosis is established by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test [2], Fasting Blood Sugar Level, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin.