Eyre’s expedition across Stories from ’s history the Nullarbor The story of modern Australia starts on 26 January 1788. On that day, Captain arrived in Cove from England Near midnight on 29 April 1841, Edward Eyre stood among the ruins of with the convict ships of the . The new settlement his camp in the Australian . His food stores had been raided, his brought disaster to Australia’s Indigenous peoples because the guns and bullets stolen, and at his feet lay the body of his friend, Baxter. newcomers took their land. This event marks the beginning of Eyre was halfway through a 1700-kilometre trek across the barren, Australia as we know it today. unmapped Nullarbor , just north of the .

fter 1788, more European settlers arrived and found good farmland Aaround Australia’s coasts. By the 1830s, settlements had been established ith Baxter dead, Eyre was left alone with just one Indigenous servant, at Albany in and in . Albany had WWylie, to finish the journey. Ahead of them lay hundreds of kilometres good grazing land, but very little livestock. Sheep and cattle had to be of waterless desert, where no European had been before. The two men had brought in from South Australia, but the only way they could be was a hard journey ahead of them. by ship. South Australia and Western Australia were separated by a vast, treeless This is the story of the people, the ideas and the events relating to Eyre’s plain called the Nullarbor, which no European had managed to cross. Eyre did not find expeditiona across the Nullarbor, and how it changed Australia forever. A group of South Australian graziers decided to fund an expedition to findstock route, but he did an overland stock route from Adelaide to King George’s Sound near Albany. This engraving by Samuel Calvert shows In 1840, a young explorer named Edward , who was just 24 years old,become the first Eyre and Wylie trekking across the Nullarbor. was chosen to lead the expedition. European to ever Eyre did not find a stock route, but he did become the first European to ever cross the harsh desert of the Nullarbor. Eyre’s epic journey is one of the great stories incross the harsh desert Australia’s history. of the Nullarbor.

The dry plain that stretches 1200 kilometres Eyre’s epic journey is grazing land: land that is around the Great Australian Bight is called the covered with grass for cattle and one of the great stories Nullarbor, which means ‘no trees’ in Latin. sheepWhat to eat, does or itgraze mean? on in Australia’s history.

Eyre did not find a stock route, but he did become the first European to ever cross 4 the harsh desert of the 5 Nullarbor. Eyre’s epic journey is one of the The big picture By the 1830s, the coast of Australia had been mapped, but most of the inland was a mystery. Tiny settlements were dotted around the coast, separated by long stretches of unexplored country. The colonies in Western Australia were cut off from the eastern colonies by thousands of kilometres of unknown wilderness. The only way to get from Adelaide to Albany was to sail across the Great Australian Bight.

Barriers to the inland In 1802, the explorer Matthew Flinders had sailed right around Australia. Between South Australia and Western Australia he saw steep, high cliffs running all along the coast of the Great Australian Bight, but This map shows the routes taken by Eyre on he could not see what lay beyond. There were no bays where ships could Eyre did not find a his expedition across the Nullarbor between anchor safely, so no European had ever set foot on the land. Some people stock route, but he1840 did and 1841. Eyewitness words believed that there might be good farmland there, or an inland sea, but explorers who tried to cross the Nullarbor met with dry, barren desert become the first … it will be … interesting and had to turn back. European to everEdward John Eyre ❝to know the character of Edward Eyre was an experienced the … country between this cross the harsh desertexplorer. He had seen enough of The cliffs of the Great Australian Bight are Australia’s to know how colony (South Australia) and steep and dangerous – no ocean explorer the area of land in the inland: difficult and dangerous it could be. could get their ship close enough to see what middle of the country, far away fromof the Nullarbor. theirs (Western Australia), When he heard that a group of South lay beyond. the coast and to unfold the secrets What does it mean? Eyre’s epic journeyAustralian is graziers were organising an expedition to find a stock route hidden by those lofty … one of the greatacross stories the Nullarbor, he knew it was cliffs at the head of the Great in Australia’simpossible. The country was too hot [Australian] Bight … (the) and dry for livestock. However, he vast extent of desert country history. was keen to make his name as an explorer, so he offered to lead the … the scarcity (lack) of grass expedition overland to Western – the denseness of the scrub Australia. Eyre thought he would try – and the … [almost] total going north of the Nullarbor where he hoped to find better country. If absence (lack) of water … Eyre did not find a that failed, he would go straight Edward Eyre, 23 May 1840 ❞ across it. One way or another, he stock route, but he did would trek overland to the west or become the first die in the attempt. European to ever cross 6 the harsh desert of the 7 Nullarbor. Eyre’s epic journey is one of the Key people Three people played key roles in Eyre’s expedition across the Nullarbor. Born: Date unknown Role: Overseer on Eyre’s expedition Died: 29 April 1841 Appearance: Unknown Character: Calm, tough, capable, a Born: 1815 in Bedfordshire, England steady man who could handle workmen There are no pictures of John Baxter, but this but snapped if pushed too far Role: Leader of the expedition to cross the plaque commemorates the place where he died. Nullarbor Comments: Very little is known about Baxter, but he was a loyal companion Age at the time of the Wylie to Eyre. He refused to leave when Eyre expedition (1840): 24 Eyre did not findreduced a the size of the expedition and Died: 1901 in England stuck by his leader even though he Born: Date unknown Appearance: Tall, very thin, long narrow stock route, but hewanted did to turn back. Baxter died trying Role: Servant on the expedition face, high forehead, large brown eyes, strong become the first to save the party’s stores. Age at the time of the expedition: nose, dark wavy hair, thick moustache and around 18 beard European to ever Died: Date unknown Character: Calm, quiet, clever, organised cross the harsh desert Appearance: Lean, fit, energetic, and determined. Eyre was not a bold average height, dark wavy hair and character, but he was eager to please and of the Nullarbor. dark eyes sensitive to criticism. He was steady, slow to anger, and kind and understanding to others, Eyre’s epic journey is Character: Easygoing, clever, loyal, but also driven and rather distant. one of the great stories a skilled bushman and a good shot Comments: Eyre arrived alone in Australia Comments: Wylie was a Menang man in 1833, aged 17, determined to prove in Australia’s from King George’s Sound, Western himself. By 1840 he was an experienced history. Australia. Wylie first met Eyre when they outback explorer, having driven cattle explored together in Western Australia overland from Sydney to Adelaide. Eyre and they shared a warm and friendly respected and liked Australia’s Indigenous master–servant relationship. Wylie handled people and used their knowledge of the the horses and found bush food for the country to find food and water. A brilliant expedition. He spoke English and several bushman and explorer, Eyre simply refused Indigenous languages and won respect to give up. He pushed himselfEyre and his mendid not find a from the Europeans. Although he was at beyond their limits. stock route, but he did times difficult, Wylie stayed loyal to Eyre in the end and proved a faithful become the first companion on the expedition. European to ever cross 8 the harsh desert of the 9 Nullarbor. Eyre’s epic journey is one of the