A 3D-printing based learning Stefan Andrei, PhD Associate Professor and Chair 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 1 Summary Innovative ways to learn and teach 3D Printing technologies Designing 3D artifacts for learning and teaching Engaging students, staff, and instructors in the 3D- printing based learning and teaching at Lamar University 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 2 Innovative ways to learn and teach The collaborative way of learning, where children sit around a table to work out a problem together (http://www.bbcactive.com/BBCActiveIdeasandResources/Innov ativeteachingmethodsvsthetraditionaluni.aspx). The use of educational video during lectures, which has transformed the engagement levels of students and has created a greatly enhanced learning experience (http://www.bbcactivevideoforlearning.com/). Tom Drummond, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, compiled a list of 12 best practices for learning and teaching concepts (http://teaching.uncc.edu/learning-resources/articles- books/best-practice/instructional-methods/best-practices- summary) 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 3 Drummond’s 12 best practices 1. Lecture Practices: effective ways to present new information orally to fit differences in learning styles. interaction with audience, questions, surveys, explanations, stories 2. Group Discussion Triggers: effective ways to present a common experience to engage a group in a discussion. short readings, individual task review, case studies 3. Thoughtful Questions: effective ways to formulate questions that foster engagement and confidence. descriptions, reflections, analogies, predictions, justifications 4. Reflective Responses to Learner Contributions: effective ways to establish mutually beneficial communication by reflective listening. paraphrase, parallel personal comment 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 4 Drummond’s 12 best practices (cont’d) 5. Rewarding Learner Participation: effective ways to support learner actions with well-timed, encouraging positives. avoid praise, description, narration, self-talk 6. Active Learning Strategies: effective ways to foster active, constructive participation. construction spirals, rounds, brainstorm, writing in class, concept models, simulations/games, peer teaching, question pairs, examinations 7. Cooperative Group Assignments: ways to assign formal cooperative tasks. 5. team member teaching, team effectiveness design, poster sessions 8. Goals to Grades Connections: establish a logical agreement of goals and objectives, flowing to measures of performance, criteria, and grading. grades are referenced to criteria, requirements are detailed in writing 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 5 Drummond’s 12 best practices (cont’d) 9. Modeling: represent openness, continuous learning, and trust. openness to experience in the here and now, incorporation into oneself of the process of change 10. Double Loop Feedback: facilitating mutual awareness of how one learns to learn. objective description of physical reality, culturally accepted meaning, judgments and personal reality 11. Climate Setting: regulate the physical and mental climate. meet the learner's needs for physical comfort and accessibility, define negotiable and non-negotiable areas, clarify the instructor's role, and the learner's role as members of a learning community 12. Fostering Learner Self-Responsibility: allow learners to plan and evaluate much of their learning. involve learners in mutual planning, involve learners in formulating their learning objectives 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 6 https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2015/11/17/3d- printing-in-education-from-elearning-to-emaking/ Learning by making has a long established story in education, and thanks to 3D Printing this educational principle makes a real come-back (November, 2015). Introducing 3D Printing into classrooms changes both the way students learn and the way educators teach. Every professor using a 3D printer in the classroom or using a cloud 3D Printing Service has observed: 3D Printing is changing the relationship between students and teachers. First because 3D Printing technology is new and evolving constantly in many manners. There are a limited amount of experts in 3D Printing around the world and it’s difficult to be aware of every application of 3D printing that takes place. 3D Printing classes are more open to discussion and student contributions are an important factor of success. 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 7 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 8 Main idea of Additive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a term to describe a set of technologies that create 3D objects by adding layer-upon- layer of material, which can vary from technology to technology, e.g.: plastic, liquid, metal, powder filaments, sheet of paper, etc. But the common feature for all Addictive Manufacturing is the: usage of a computer together with a special 3D modeling software. So, first thing to start: create a CAD sketch. Then: AM device reads data from CAD file and builds a structure layer by layer from printing material. 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 9 Examples of 3D printers: http://3dprintingfromscratch.com/common/types- of-3d-printers-or-3d-printing-technologies-overview/ 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 10 Types of input files 1. Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file. 2. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), a newer digital 3D file type that also includes color. 3. Additive Manufacturing File Format (.AMF) is a new XML-based open standard for 3D printing. 4. GCode - this file contains detailed instructions for a 3D printer to follow for each slice, such as the starting point for each layer and the "route" that the nozzle or print head will follow in laying down the material. 5. In addition, 3D printer manufacturers may have their own proprietary input file formats that contain instructions specific to the methodology for that make or model, and that are compatible only with that manufacturer's software. Note. This does not create a barrier to printing with these machines, as the proprietary file format is generated from the user's own STL or VRML file. 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 11 Free 3D software 1. Google SketchUp 10. Wings 3D 2. 3DCrafter 11. FreeCAD 3. 3Dtin 12. GLC Player 4. Anim8or 13. LeoCAD 5. Art of Illusion 14. Netfabb Studio Basic 6. Blender 15. K-3D 7. BRL-CAD 16. OpenSCAD 8. Creo Elements/Direct - formerly 17. Tinkercad CoCreate 9. DrawPlus Starter Edition 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 12 3DS Max - High-end commercial 3D modeling tools 1. Alibre - One of the most 8. Maya affordable CAM programs. 9. Magics 2. AC3D 10. NetFabb 3. AutoCAD 11. Rhino3D 4. AutoQ3D 12. Solidworks 5. Cheetah3D 13. ZBrush 6. Cloud9 7. FormZ 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 13 Free STL software: 1. MeshLab: Open source software for processing and editing of unstructured 3D triangular meshes. It also has an extremely fast slide function. 2. Google SketchUp plugin: A plugin script to import and export STL files for Google SketchUp. Supports both binary and ASCII import and export. 3. STL-viewer: Display and manipulate the contents of stereolithography or STL file. 4. Netfabb Studio: A free Windows program for 3D printing to view, edit, analyze and repair STL files. 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 14 Google: context free grammar for "standard tessellation language" (STL) 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 15 The STL file structure (byte code – 7MB) 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 16 The STL file structure (text file – 1.3 MB) 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 17 The STL file structure (snippet of text representation) solid OpenSCAD_Model facet normal 0 0 0 outer loop vertex -12.892 -0.886857 15.3505 vertex -12.8413 -1.22597 15.1614 vertex -13.2 -1.22597 15.1142 endloop endfacet . endsolid OpenSCAD_Model 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 18 The STL file structure (similar to reverse engineering) The following Context-Free Grammar can generate the previous text (Open-Source Computer Assisted Design model): 1. S → solid OpenSCAD_Model Facets endsolid OpenSCAD_Model 2. Facets → Facet Facets | Facet 3. Facet → facet Position Origine OuterLoop endfacet 4. Position → normal | orthogonal 5. Origine → X_origine Y_origine Z_origine 6. X_origine → Number 7. Y_origine → Number 8. Z_origine → Number 9. OuterLoop → Vertex_A Vertex_B Vertex_C . 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 19 The STL file structure (reverse engineering) . 10. Vertex_A → vertex A_coord B_coord C_coord 11. Vertex_B → vertex A_coord B_coord C_coord 12. Vertex_C → vertex A_coord B_coord C_coord 13. A_coord → Number 14. B_coord → Number 15. C_coord → Number 16. Number → IntegerPart . FractionalPart 17. IntegerPart → Digit | IntegerPart Digit 18. FractionalPart → Digit | Digit FractionalPart 19. Digit → 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 11/17/2016 Presentation, Lamar University, 2016 20 Is reverse engineering legal? In the U.S., Section 103(f) of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) (17 USC § 1201 (f) - Reverse Engineering) specifically states that it is legal to reverse engineer and circumvent the protection to achieve interoperability between computer programs (such as information transfer between applications). Interoperability is defined in paragraph 4 of Section