Manipal Journal of and Health Sciences Editorial board Editor - in - Chief Mamatha Shivananda Pai, PhD , Department of Child Health Nursing Manipal College of Nursing Manipal MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, – 576104 Email: [email protected] Managing Editor Ramesh C, PhD Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing Manipal College of Nursing Manipal MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 Email: [email protected] Associate Editors Judith A Noronha, PhD Linu Sara George, PhD Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing Professor, Mental Health Nursing Manipal College of Nursing Manipal Manipal College of Nursing Manipal MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Jyothi Chakrabarty, PhD Malathi G Nayak, PhD Professor, Medical Surgical Nursing Associate Professor, Community Health Nursing Manipal College of Nursing Manipal Manipal College of Nursing Manipal MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board 1. Elisabeth Carlson, PhD 2. Patrice K Nicholas, DNSc, MPH, MS, RN, ANP, FAAN Senior Lecturer Professor Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö MGH Institute of Health Professions School of Nursing Sweden One Brigham Circle, 4th Floor, Suite 6 Email: [email protected] Boston, MA 02120, USA Email: [email protected]

3. Shalagh Martindale, PhD 4. Monika Habermann, Dr Phil Head of Professional Development Professor (Nursing Science) School of Nursing and Midwifery Nurse, Social Anthropologist Robert Gordon University Hochschule Bremen Aberdeen, UK Centre for Nursing Research and Counselling Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

5. Kader Parahoo, PhD 6. Susan Shaw, BN, MEd Admin (Hons), EdD, Dip Tchg, Professor in Nursing and Health RN, PFHEA Research Associate Dean (Academic) School of Nursing and Institute of Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy Nursing Research Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences University of Ulster, Northern Ireland Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] 7. Eilean Lazarus Victoria Rathinasamy, 8. Preethy D'Souza, PhD PhD Research associate, Assistant Professor Social Science Research Unit College of Nursing UCL Institute of Education, 10 Woburn Square, London Sultan Qaboos University United Kingdom Al Khoud, Muscat - Postal Code 123 Email: preethy.d'[email protected] Sultanate of Oman Email: [email protected] 9. Elissa Ladd, PhD 10. Baby S Nayak, PhD Associate Professor Professor MGH Institute of Health Professions Manipal College of of Nursing Manipal Academy of Higher Education University of Massachusetts, Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 Boston, MA, USA Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

11. Sailaxmi Gandhi, PhD 12. Pramilaa R, PhD Additional Professor and Head Professor and Principal Department of Nursing Chirayu College of Nursing NIMHANS, Bangalore Chirayu Medical College & Hospital Karnataka – 560029, India Bhopal – 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

13. L. Gopichandran, PhD 14. R. Revathi, PhD Associate Professor , College of Nursing Professor and Principal All India Institute of Medical Sciences Velammal School and College of Nursing (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar – 110029 Velammal Medical College and Research Institute , India Anuppanadi, Madurai – 625009, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

15. S. J. Nalini, PhD 16. R Shankar Sahnmugam, PhD Professor & Principal Associate Professor/Reader in Nursing (Research) Sri Ramachandra College of Nursing College of Nursing, Madras Medical College Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Chennai - 600003 Education & Research, Porur, Chennai Tamilnadu, India Tamil Nadu, India - 600 116 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

17. Sharadha Ramesh, PhD 18. Narayanabhirama Udupa, PhD Professor & Director Director, Research Directorate Symbiosis College of Nursing (Health sciences) Symbiosis International, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka (Deemed University) India – 576104 Senapati Bapat Road, Pune-411004 Email: [email protected] Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected]

19. Anice George, PhD, 20. H Vinod Bhat, MBBS, DCH, MD, FRCA Dean & Vice Chancellor Professor, Child Health Nursing Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal College of Nursing Manipal, Karnataka, India – 576104 MAHE, Manipal Email: [email protected] Karnataka, India – 576104 Email: [email protected] 21. Vishnu Renjith, PhD 22. Ratna Prakash, PhD Lecturer, School of Nursing and Principal Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons Pal College of Nursing & Medical Sciences of Ireland Haldwani District, Nainital Bahrain, P.O.Box 15503, Bahrain. Uttarakhand - India 263139 Email: [email protected] Emai: [email protected]

23. Asha Kamath, PhD 24. Sunil Moothedath, PhD Associate Director - Prasanna School of Professor, Department of Child Health Nursing Public Health College of Nursing, Amrita Instiutute of Medical Professor & Head - Department of Data Sciences, Science Ponekara, Kochi, India MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India – Email: [email protected] 576104 Email: [email protected]

25. Suja Karkada, PhD 26. Renuka K, PhD Principal Principal Cum Dean College of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Sciences Kasturba Gandhi Nursing 76, Lombard Memorial Hospital Rd, College, near Mission Compound, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Chitpady, Udupi, Karnataka 576101 Pondicherry, India. Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

27. Shejila C H, PhD Professor College of Nursing, Puthukode Post Malappuram , Kerala, India- 673633 Email: [email protected]