Powerful Owl ID Sheet

Blackbutt ( pilularis) Nest tree, Roost tree

Size Up to 50m tall, can reach up to 3 – 4m in diameter. Bark Rough on lower half of trunk and grey or grey-brown. Upper bark is smooth and the colour is cream to white or grey, often with scribbles. Bark shreds in long strips. Adult leaves Leaves alternate, leaf stalk 0.8 – 2.2cm long; blade thicker at base and tapering to tip, 7.5 – 17cm long, 1.2 –3.2cm wide, glossy and green and both sides of the leaf are usually the same, or slightly different, colour.

Flower arrangements Unbranched, cluster stalk 0.8 – 2cm long; buds 7 to 15 per stalk, on stalks 0.2 – 0.7cm long.

Flower colour White Flowering time January, February, March, April, July, October, November and December. Fruit On stalks 0.1 – 0.7 cm long, hemispherical or globular but cut off at the top, 0.5 – 1.1cm long, 0.7 – 1.2cm wide.

Seed Dark brown, 2 – 2.5mm long, pyramidal or obliquely pyramidal, dorsal surface smooth. Distribution Found within the fertile south-east coastal plains and hills from the south of Bega in far south-eastern north to in south-eastern Queensland. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/euclid3/euclidsample/html/Eucalyptus_pilularis.htm http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/content/agriculture/resources/private-forestry/paddock-/Eucalyptus-pilularis-Blackbutt.pdf http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:306205

Bark and form Leaves

Flower arrangement Flower

Fruit Distribution

Broad-leaf privet (Ligustrus lucidum) Roost tree

Size Small tree or up to 12m tall.

Bark Hairless. Branchlets with small white spots.

Adult leaves Pear to elliptic or narrow-pear in shape, wide at the base and tapering at the tip, 4 - 13cm long, 3 – 6cm wide on stalks 1 – 2cm long. Dark green on upper leaf surface and underside paler.

Flower arrangements Flower head dense with many branches, 15 - 25cm long and a fragrant flower with 4 white or flower bud at the end of each branch, flower heads often appear pointed, Flower stalk is 1 - 3mm long.

Flower colour White

Flowering time December, January and February.

Fruit Rounded berry, 6 – 8mm long, black to blue-black in colour, fruits in Autumn and winter.

Seed Dark-brown and finely pitted, about 5mm long.

Distribution Naturalised in the wetter parts of south-eastern and eastern . It is most common in south-eastern Queensland and in the coastal and sub-coastal districts of New South Wales, but is also present in Victoria, the ACT and on Norfolk Island.

http://www.iewf.org/weedid/Ligustrum_lucidum.htm http://weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&card=T02 http://weeds.brisbane.qld.gov.au/weeds/broad-leaved-privet http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Ligustrum%20lucidum

Bark Leaves

Growth form Flower

Fruit Distribution

Broad-leaved Apple ( subvelutina) Nest tree, Roost tree

Size Medium sized tree, up to 20m tall with lignotubers present.

Bark Rough to the small branches and grey in colour.

Adult leaves Leaves opposite, usually lacking a stalk although sometimes short stalks (0 - 0.2cm long) are present, leaf oblong shape, thicker at the base and tapers at the tip, 6 – 12cm long, 2 – 5cm wide, upper and lower sides of the leaf differ in colour, glossy green to dull grey-green, densely veined.

Flower arrangements Flowers occur at the end of the branchlet (0.9 – 3cm long); buds 3 or 7 per knob, stalks 0.4 – 1cm long. Mature buds globular (0.4 – 0.6cm long, 0.4 – 0.6cm wide).

Flower colour Creamy white with a green keel.

Flowering time December, January and February.

Fruit Stalks 0.6 – 1.2cm long), cup-shaped, 0.6 – 1.1cm long, 0.6 – 1.1cm wide, longitudinally ribbed.

Seed Reddish brown to brown, 5 – 8mm long, flattened elliptic shape, underside surface smooth.

Distribution Occurs naturally on the sandy soils and stony ridges of southern Queensland forests, extending inland as far as the Warrego district. In NSW it extends from northwards to the central coast and as far west as Bathurst, being particularly common on Hawkesbury sandstone where it forms almost pure stands. https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/euclid3/euclidsample/html/Angophora_subvelutina.htm https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp8/ango-cos.html http://bie.ala.org.au/species/ANGOPHORA+SUBVELUTINA

Bark Leaves

Growth form Flower

Fruit Distribution

Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) Roost tree

Size Small to medium-sized tree usually around 8 – 12m tall but can reach up to 25m.

Bark Persistent, thick and whitish and develops a multi-layered papery habit which can be easily peeled off.

Adult leaves Flat and leather, dull green, stiff, narrowed at each end about 70mm x 20mm, with 5 distinctive longitudinal veins.

Flower arrangements Flowers appear as short bottlebrush spikes, creamy white in colour and 50 mm long.

Flower colour Creamy white

Flowering time March, April and May.

Fruit Fruit is a small woody much like a gum nut, arranged in a cylindrical pattern around the stem; it contains thousands of fine seeds.

Distribution East coast of New South Wales and Queensland usually along watercourses and swamps. http://anpsa.org.au/m-qui.html http://bie.ala.org.au/species/MELALEUCA+QUINQUENERVIA http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact- sheet-Melaleuca-quinquenervia-Broad-leaved-Paperbark.pdf https://brisbanetrees.com.au/broad-leaved-paperbark/

Bark Growth form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Cheese Tree (Glochidon ferdinandi) Roost tree

Size Grows up a bushy shrub or medium sized broad tree up to 10m in height.

Bark Lightly coloured and flaky in appearance.

Adult leaves Bright shiny green, alternate, simple, individual leaves are elliptical in shape, blade is soft and thin, 3 – 10 cm long and up to 3cm wide glossy above and paler below.

Flower arrangements Flowers cluster from the leaf axils.

Flower colour Small and Greenish-yellow to red.

Flowering time July to December

Fruit Pumpkin shaped or “edam” cheese shaped up to 20mmin diameter, splitting when ripe to reveal seeds covered in a bright red-orange aril within.

Distribution Usually on margins of and along most, scrubby watercourses although they have been recorded as far inland as Toowoomba, and the upper Hastings River, NSW, the species is coastal from Illawarra, NSW to north-west Australia. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact- sheet-Glochidion-ferdinandi-Cheese-Tree.pdf http://www.brisrain.org.au/01_cms/details.asp?ID=240 http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:431138#tab_gallery

Growth form Leaf

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum) Roost tree

Size Grows over 15m and up to 40m tall in northern NSW.

Bark Grey to light grey frequently with fine longitudinal coloured ridges of bark around the stem/trunk. The bark is fragrant when bruised.

Adult leaves Uni-foliar compound leaves which have a finely serrated margin, up to 12cm in length and 2 - 5cm in width with a bump at the base of the leaf.

Flower arrangements Abundant white flowers, flower colour comes from the as there are no real petals.

Flower colour White but turn pinkish as summer progresses.

Flowering time November and December

Fruit Abundant dull red coloured sepals housing the seed; shed occur in February. Botanically is a true ‘nut’.

Distribution Widespread in warm- on poorer soils, also in cool-temperate and occasionally subtropical rainforest; from Batemans Bay district to the McPherson Range. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact-sheet- Ceratopetalum-apetalum-Coachwood.pdf http://www.friendsoflanecovenationalpark.org.au/Flowering/Flowers/Ceratopetalum_apetalum.htm http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Ceratopetalum~apetalum http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:374706#tab_gallery

Bark Leaves

Growth form Flower

Flowers and fruit Distribution

Grey Gum () Roost tree

Size Usually 10 to 25m but can grow up to 35m in favourable conditions.

Bark Smooth bark that is shed in irregular patches leaving a multi-colour appearance of grey, orange and light brown patches.

Adult leaves Open crown of green-grey foliage, from a distance, upper and lower leaves are different colours and thick; they range from 8 – 15 cm long and 1.5 – 3cm in width.

Flower arrangements Clusters

Flower colour White

Flowering time December, January and February.

Fruit Fruit are cylindrical woody capsules 5- 12mm in length.

Distribution NSW east coast, ranges and tablelands extending south from the Liverpool Ranges to Nowra. A widespread tree, but less so across shale capped ridges and plateaus but extending very widely into sandstone country and along larger tributaries of and including the Hawkesbury River. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact- sheet-Eucalyptus-punctata-Grey-Gum.pdf http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~punctata http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Eucalyptus+punctata

Bark Growth form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus panicultata) Roost tree

Size Usually around 25m but can grow up to 50m when conditions are favourable.

Bark Trunk has heavy rough persistent furrowed bark to the smaller branches which are conversely smooth.

Adult leaves Thin grey/green leaves are a slightly different colour on the upper and lower side of the leaf and taper to a fine point; they range from 8 – 12 cm long and 1.2 – 3cm in width.

Flower arrangements Clusters

Flower colour White

Flowering time May to January but doesn’t flower every year (major flowering event once every few years).

Fruit Fruit are relatively small capsules with valves level to the rim or very slightly exerted usually 5 sometimes 4 valves. The disc is relatively broad and flat.

Distribution NSW east coast and ranges extending from near the Victorian border to the mid north coast of NSW. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact- sheet-Eucalyptus-paniculata-Grey-Ironbark.pdf http://northernbeachesherbarium.com.au/gallery/v/Trees/Eucalypts+-+bark+rough/Eucalyptus+paniculata/ http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:306087

Bark Leaves

Growth form Flower

Fruit Distribution

Grey Myrtle ( myrtifolia) Roost tree

Size Small tree to 7m tall.

Bark Finely flaky bark, young branchlets with spreading hairs.

Adult leaves Simple, opposite and entire with a fine point and between 3.5 – 7.5 cm long and 1 – 3.5 cm wide.

Flower arrangements Flowers bunched at branchlet ends.

Flower colour White to cream

Flowering time November to January

Fruit Small brown capsule ripe March-April.

Distribution Widespread. Usually in warmer rainforest, often close to streams; north from Bega district. http://saveourwaterwaysnow.com.au/01_cms/details_pop.asp?ID=107 http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Backhousia~myrtifolia\ http://bie.ala.org.au/species/BACKHOUSIA+MYRTIFOLIA

Bark Growth form

Leaves Leaves

Flowers Distribution

Illawarra Flame Tree (Brachychiton acerifolius) Roost tree Size Small to medium sized tree which may reach 30 – 35m in height although it is usually much smaller in cooler areas where it only reaches a height of about 10m.

Adult leaves Smooth and oval-shaped with usually 3 or 5 lobes but sometimes more. Each leaf is 10 – 30cm long. The tree loses some or all of its leaves at the end of winter, before flowering, and the leaves turn yellow just before falling.

Flower arrangements Bell-shaped, they occur in clusters at the end of branches. They are 1 – 2cm long and have a waxy surface. They appear after the tree has lost all or some of its leaves.

Flower colour Bright coral-red

Flowering time September to December

Fruit Dark-brown seed pod which is tough, leathery and about 10cm long. It contains rows of corn-like seeds that are surrounded by hairs.

Distribution Coastal from central New South Wales to far north Queensland. http://anpsa.org.au/b-ace.html http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Brachychiton~acerifolius http://www.climatewatch.org.au/species/plants/illawarra-flame-tree http://www.torbaytreefarmers.com.au/tree-info.php?tree_id=12 http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Brachychiton+acerifolius

Growth form Leaves

Flower arrangement Flower

Fruit Distribution

Lilly Pilly () Roost tree

Size Medium to large tree reaching 15 - 20m in height.

Bark Reddish brown, smooth and hard.

Adult leaves Glossy green, about 50 - 100mm long by 10 - 50mm wide and tapering to a point.

Flower arrangements Occur in clusters at the ends of the branches, fluffy appearance due to the long stamens.

Flower colour Cream to white

Flowering time September to February

Fruit Fleshy fruits, white to purple in colour and about 10 - 15mm in diameter.

Distribution Widespread in east coast rainforests from north Queensland to Victoria. Also found on King Island. http://www.survival.org.au/bf_syzygium.php http://anpsa.org.au/a-smi.html http://www.allcreativedesigns.com.au/pages/galltrees10.html http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Syzygium+smithii#tab_gallery

Bark Growth form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Narrow-leaved Ironbark () Roost tree

Size Tree to 35m high

Bark Grey-black in colour and persistent.

Adult leaves Disjunct, oval shape tapering to a point, 7 – 15cm long, 0.9 – 1.7cm wide, green or grey-green, dull, same colour on upper and lower sides of the leaf.

Flower arrangements Buds are club – diamond shape and occur in clusters of 7 - 11.

Flower colour White

Flowering time May to August

Fruit Cup shaped capsules, 2 - 6mm across.

Distribution Widespread in grassy or dry eucalypt forest and woodland, occurs on undulating plains and low plateaux in dry areas and on ridges and higher slopes in higher rainfall regions. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~crebra http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/362793/Paddock-plants-Eucalyptus-crebra-Narrow-leaved-Ironbark.pdf http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:305253

Bark Growth Form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Red Ironbark (Mugga) (Eucalyptus sideroxylon) Roost tree

Size 10 – 25m

Bark Thick dark brown to black and deeply furrowed with reddish resin.

Adult leaves Dull, greyish-green in colour

Flower arrangements Clusters of 7 – 9.

Flower colour Usually white but can also be pink or yellowish.

Flowering time May to November

Fruit Seed capsules wine glass shaped and 5-9mm across.

Distribution Open forest of the western slopes and plains of New South Wales, extending into Queensland and Victoria. http://anpsa.org.au/e-sider.html http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/362796/Paddock-plants-Eucalyptus-sideroxylon-Mugga-or-Red-Ironbark.pdf http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~sideroxylon http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Eucalyptus+sideroxylon

Bark Leaves

Growth form Flower

Fruit Distribution

Smooth-barked Apple () Nest tree, Roost tree

Size Large, wide, spreading tree growing to a height of between 15 and 25m.

Bark Trunk is often gnarled and crooked with a pink to pale grey, sometimes rusty-stained bark old bark is shed in spring in large flakes with the new salmon-pink bark turning to pale grey before the next shedding. Shed in tough chunks.

Adult leaves Dark green above and paler below, long and wider in the middle, 6-16 cm long and 2 - 3cm wide and located opposite each other on the stem.

Flower arrangements Bristly flower stems, flowers located in large bunches with individual flowers about 2cm wide with 5 petals each.

Flower colour White

Flowering time Usually October to January but occasionally February.

Fruit Seed capsules 12 - 15mm across, longitudinally rubbed with 5 small teeth on the rim.

Distribution Occurs naturally on the sandy soils and stony ridges of southern Queensland forests, extending inland as far as the Warrego district. In NSW it extends from Sydney northwards to the central coast and as far west as Bathurst, being particularly common on Hawkesbury sandstone where it forms almost pure stands. http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp8/ango-cos.html http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/content/agriculture/resources/private-forestry/paddock-plants/Angophora-costata-Smooth-barked-Apple.pdf http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Angophora+costata

Bark Growth form

Flower arrangement Flower

Fruit Distribution

Spotted Gum ( maculata) Nest tree, Roost tree

Size Usually 35 – 45m in height and 1 – 1.3m diameter, but can reach up to 70m in favourable conditions and as little as 20m in poor conditions.

Bark Trunks straights and blotched with thick patches of old bark contrasting with patches of the smooth greenish- cream bark underneath.

Adult leaves Wider in the middle of the leaf, 1 - 2 cm long and 2.5cm wide.

Flower arrangements Flowers present in bunches.

Flower colour White

Flowering time Winter to Spring

Fruit Brown, barrel shaped 1.5cm in diameter.

Distribution Open forest from south-east Queensland to southern New South Wales and an isolated population in east Gippsland, Victoria. http://anpsa.org.au/c-mac.html http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/363806/Corymbia-maculata-variegata-henryi.pdf http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/euclid3/euclidsample/html/Corymbia_citriodora.htm http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Corymbia+maculata

Bark Growth form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum) Roost tree

Size Tree to 12m

Bark Trunk is slightly rough and coarse grey to light brown coloured and is often sticky to touch due to exudations of sap.

Adult leaves Glossy green above and paler underneath elliptical leaves some 6- 15cm long and 1.5 - 4cm wide with distinctive waves, or undulating margins. The leaves are about 75 mm long with toothed margins, and are often with small pitted depressions from insect attack.

Flower arrangements Flowers occur in clusters.

Flower colour White and fragrant

Flowering time Spring and early Summer

Fruit Orange-tan coloured berries that are 1cm in diameter occur in autumn, and persist for several months split to reveal sticky red seeds.

Distribution Moist gullies in rainforest and sclerophyll forest from south-east Queensland to eastern Victoria; also naturalised in parts of Tasmania and South Australia. http://anpsa.org.au/p-und.html http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact-sheet- Pittosporum-undulatum-Sweet-Pittosporum.pdf http://www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/webdocuments/environment-engineering/parks-environment/environment-parks- environment/sweet_pittosporum_web.pdf http://bie.ala.org.au/species/PITTOSPORUM+UNDULATUM#tab_gallery

Growth form leaves

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Sydney () Roost tree

Size Very tall single trunked tree up to 25m or a multi trunked shorter tree depending on fire history and soil.

Bark Trunk has a thick stocking of permanent grey coloured fibrous bark often spreading well onto the lower limbs while upper branches are smooth and pale in colour often with long hanging ribbons of bark where the smooth sections begin.

Adult leaves Leaves are dull in colour, the same colour on the upper and lower surface and have an oblique base; they range from 10 – 14cm long and 1 – 3cm in width. The foliage has a strong peppermint aroma.

Flower arrangements Flowers are borne in clusters of seven or more.

Flower colour Bright yellow-green

Flowering time December to January

Fruit Fruit are small globular capsules (urn shaped) held in tight clusters.

Distribution Frequent in NSW, in dry sclerophyll forest or woodland on moderately fertile often alluvial sandy soil. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact- sheet-Eucalyptus-piperita-Sydney-Peppermint.pdf http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~piperita http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:306206 http://nativeplants-sydney.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/eucalyptus-piperita-sydney-peppermint.html http://www.plantthis.com.au/plant-information.asp?gardener=14294

Bark Growth Form

Leaves and fruit Flower

Fruit Distribution

Tallowwood () Roost tree

Size Medium to tall forest tree, 35 – 60m in height and 1 – 2m in diameter.

Bark Rough, persisting to the small branches, reddish-brown, soft, fibrous, often with small surface pores.

Adult leaves Leaves lance-shaped, tapering to a fine point, 15 – 35mm wide, thin, margins slightly wavy, glossy green above, paler green below.

Flower arrangements Clusters of 7 – 9; buds club-shaped with distinct crosses.

Flower colour White

Flowering time May to December

Fruit Seed capsules elongated conical or club-shaped, 3 – 6 mm across.

Distribution Occurs in tall open forest on slopes and ridges and in sheltered valleys and depressions; commonly found growing on rainforest margins. http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/content/agriculture/resources/private-forestry/paddock-plants/Eucalyptus-microcorys-Tallowwood.pdf http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Eucalyptus+microcorys

Bark Growth form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution

Turpentine ( glomulifera) Nest tree, Roost tree

Size Tall single trunked tree to over 25m but can grow up to 50m in favourable conditions.

Bark Trunk is covered in thick spongy bark in long fissured or stringy flaky strips extending to smaller branches.

Adult leaves Dull green and very pale on the underside- white, often hairy, egg shaped, 7 – 11cm long, 2.5 – 4.5cm wide, arranged in pairs and stiff in texture.

Flower arrangements Flowers arranged in clustered heads at the end of branches.

Flower colour White

Flowering time Peak flowering in October

Fruit Woody and persists on the tree for several years.

Distribution Often grows as an emergent near the margins of rainforest or in wet sclerophyll forest, often on heavier soils; widespread in coastal districts and the lower ranges, north from Murramurang National Park. http://www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/media/documents/environment-and-waste/bushland-and-biodiversity/native-tree-database-fact-sheets/Fact- sheet-Syncarpia-glomulifera-Turpentine.pdf http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Syncarpia~glomulifera http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:416180

Bark Growth form

Leaves Flower

Fruit Distribution