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Hawaiʻi's Big Five
Hawaiʻi’s Big Five (Plus 2) “By 1941, every time a native Hawaiian switched on his lights, turned on the gas or rode on a street car, he paid a tiny tribute into Big Five coffers.” (Alexander MacDonald, 1944) The story of Hawaii’s largest companies dominates Hawaiʻi’s economic history. Since the early/mid- 1800s, until relatively recently, five major companies emerged and dominated the Island’s economic framework. Their common trait: they were focused on agriculture - sugar. They became known as the Big Five: C. Brewer (1826;) Theo H. Davies (1845;) Amfac - starting as Hackfeld & Company (1849;) Castle & Cooke (1851) and Alexander & Baldwin (1870.) C. Brewer & Co. Amfac Founded: October 1826; Capt. James Hunnewell Founded: 1849; Heinrich Hackfeld and Johann (American Sea Captain, Merchant; Charles Carl Pflueger (German Merchants) Brewer was American Merchant) Incorporated: 1897 (H Hackfeld & Co;) American Incorporated: February 7, 1883 Factors Ltd, 1918 Theo H. Davies & Co. Castle & Cooke Founded: 1845; James and John Starkey, and Founded: 1851; Samuel Northrup Castle and Robert C. Janion (English Merchants; Theophilus Amos Starr Cooke (American Mission Secular Harris Davies was Welch Merchant) Agents) Incorporated: January 1894 Incorporated: 1894 Alexander & Baldwin Founded: 1870; Samuel Thomas Alexander & Henry Perrine Baldwin (American, Sons of Missionaries) Incorporated: 1900 © 2017 Ho‘okuleana LLC The Making of the Big Five Some suggest they were started by the missionaries. Actually, only Castle & Cooke has direct ties to the mission. However, Castle ran the ‘depository’ and Cooke was a teacher, neither were missionary ministers. Alexander & Baldwin were sons of missionaries, but not a formal part of the mission. -
1856 1877 1881 1888 1894 1900 1918 1932 Box 1-1 JOHANN FRIEDRICH HACKFELD
M-307 JOHANNFRIEDRICH HACKFELD (1856- 1932) 1856 Bornin Germany; educated there and served in German Anny. 1877 Came to Hawaii, worked in uncle's business, H. Hackfeld & Company. 1881 Became partnerin company, alongwith Paul Isenberg andH. F. Glade. 1888 Visited in Germany; marriedJulia Berkenbusch; returnedto Hawaii. 1894 H.F. Glade leftcompany; J. F. Hackfeld and Paul Isenberg became sole ownersofH. Hackfeld& Company. 1900 Moved to Germany tolive due to Mrs. Hackfeld's health. Thereafter divided his time betweenGermany and Hawaii. After 1914, he visited Honolulu only threeor fourtimes. 1918 Assets and properties ofH. Hackfeld & Company seized by U.S. Governmentunder Alien PropertyAct. Varioussuits brought againstU. S. Governmentfor restitution. 1932 August 27, J. F. Hackfeld died, Bremen, Germany. Box 1-1 United States AttorneyGeneral Opinion No. 67, February 17, 1941. Executors ofJ. F. Hackfeld'sestate brought suit against the U. S. Governmentfor larger payment than was originallyallowed in restitution forHawaiian sugar properties expropriated in 1918 by Alien Property Act authority. This document is the opinion of Circuit Judge Swan in The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals forthe Second Circuit, February 17, 1941. M-244 HAEHAW All (BARK) Box 1-1 Shipping articleson a whaling cruise, 1864 - 1865 Hawaiian shipping articles forBark Hae Hawaii, JohnHeppingstone, master, on a whaling cruise, December 19, 1864, until :the fall of 1865". M-305 HAIKUFRUIT AND PACKlNGCOMP ANY 1903 Haiku Fruitand Packing Company incorporated. 1904 Canneryand can making plant installed; initial pack was 1,400 cases. 1911 Bought out Pukalani Dairy and Pineapple Co (founded1907 at Pauwela) 1912 Hawaiian Pineapple Company bought controlof Haiku F & P Company 1918 Controlof Haiku F & P Company bought fromHawaiian Pineapple Company by hui of Maui men, headed by H. -
Or ONE of EUROPE's GREATEST ART TREASURES
18 ESTABLISHED JULY S, 1836. NO. 6379. SATURDAY, 018 VOL. XXXVIL, HONOLULU, HAWAII TERRITORY, JANUARY 17, 1903. PRICE FIVE CENTS. iki SARGENT HEEDS Or ONE OF EUROPE'S THE LABOR UNIONS in le GREATEST ART TREASURES He Disappoints Friends of Hawaii REFORM IS MORE SURE OF Bas-Reli- ef of Descent by His Attitude on Chinese IN the From the 8 ITSELF CHINESE EMPIRE Plantation Labor. Cross, Worth, $100,000, Is Missing. "'.' T m (SPECIAL, TO THE ADVERTISE ft., WASHINGTON, D. C, Jan. 5. The Commissioner of Immigra- tion, Mr. Frank Sargent, surprised the friends of Hawaii greatly in his Liner St. Louis Safe Roosevelt's Gift From recent hearings before the Senate immigration committee regarding Chinese labor in Hawaii. In a conversation with Mr. Haywood some the Kaiser Thames Frozen Over. weeks ago he stated explicitly that he saw no particular objections to the admission of Chinese to Hawaii, provided there were restrictions that Eleven Bolomen Killed. would ensure their return eventually to China and which would prevent their being smuggled into the United States. Mr. Haywood then drew an amendment, intended for the immigration bill, which followed exactly along the lines of the statement by Mr. Sargent. That is ( ASSOCIATED PRESS CABLEGRAMS ) the amendment which Senator Burton, of Kansas subsequently ROME, 16. introduced in the Senate and which I sent some time ago to the Adver- Jan. The famous has relief, "The Descent From the tiser. In the face of that conversation and understanding Mr. Sargent Cross," has been stolen. It is valued at $100,000. The "Descent from went before the Senate Committee on immigration gave directly-opposit- e and the Cross" is one of most testimony as this excerpt from the stenographic hearings will the treasured of the remains of the fine art show : of sculpture of the Renaissance period of the thirteenth century. -
The Color of Nationality: Continuities and Discontinuities of Citizenship in Hawaiʻi
The Color of Nationality: Continuities and Discontinuities of Citizenship in Hawaiʻi A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2014 By WILLY DANIEL KAIPO KAUAI Dissertation Committee: Neal Milner, Chairperson David Keanu Sai Deborah Halbert Charles Lawrence III Melody MacKenzie Puakea Nogelmeier Copyright ii iii Acknowledgements The year before I began my doctoral program there were less than fifty PhD holders in the world that were of aboriginal Hawaiian descent. At the time I didn’t realize the ramifications of such a grimacing statistic in part because I really didn’t understand what a PhD was. None of my family members held such a degree, and I didn’t know any PhD’s while I was growing up. The only doctors I knew were the ones that you go to when you were sick. I learned much later that the “Ph” in “PhD” referred to “philosophy,” which in Greek means “Love of Wisdom.” The Hawaiian equivalent of which, could be “aloha naʻauao.” While many of my family members were not PhD’s in the Greek sense, many of them were experts in the Hawaiian sense. I never had the opportunity to grow up next to a loko iʻa, or a lo’i, but I did grow up amidst paniolo, who knew as much about makai as they did mauka. Their deep knowledge and aloha for their wahi pana represented an unparalleled intellectual capacity for understanding the interdependency between land and life. -
Men of Hawaii" to the Public a Public Considerably Wider Than the Bounds of - - the Territory Its Editors and Publishers Have a Two- Fold Purpose
1AWAB BEflNQ A LIBRARY, COMPLETE AND AUTHENTBC, OF THE MEH OF IEVEM EDITED BY JOHN WILLIAM SIDDALL PUBLISHED BY HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN, LIMITED TERRITORY OF HAWAII 1917 t -> ' 87427V T % ' - > * COPYRIGHT. 1917 HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN, LTD. HONOLULU. HAWAII N PRESENTING "Men of Hawaii" to the public a public considerably wider than the bounds of - - the Territory its editors and publishers have a two- fold purpose. First, the book is a standard reference work, compre- hensive, complete and authoritative. It is a publication compiled with a care and a system of collecting information which in- sures its accuracy and insures also that justice is done to its subject. It is a reference volume presenting biographically pertinent facts about the men of Hawaii who lead in their respective fields. In general these fields are the business or commercial, the professional, the educational, the religious and the scientific covering all activities which in Hawaii have brought its men to the front as potent and constructive factors in their communities. Secondly, the book is a series of milestones of achieve- ments. It has been truly said that the progress of any gener- ation, of any century, of any country, of any nation may be measured by the biographies of its men. In Hawaii this is true today as in ancient Greece, medieval Rome, modern France, or England, or the mainland United States. Hawaii is a modern American community with its roots far back in the past. Here the primitive life of Polynesia has been moulded and modified by the influx of many races, bloods and languages. -
Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection
Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection Report for the Nāwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project Nāwiliwili, Kalapakī and Hanamā‘ulu Ahupua‘a Līhu‘e District, Kaua‘i Island TMK: (4) 3-2-004; 3-5-001, 002 & 3-6-002, 019, 020, and various rights-of-way between various plats Prepared for R.M. Towill Corporation Prepared by Chris Monahan, Ph.D. and Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. Kailua, Hawai‘i (Job Code: NAWILIWILI 1) July 2008 O‘ahu Office Maui Office P.O. Box 1114 16 S. Market Street, Suite 2N Kailua, Hawai‘i 96734 Wailuku, Hawai‘i 96793 Ph.: (808) 262-9972 www.culturalsurveys.com Ph: (808) 242-9882 Fax: (808) 262-4950 Fax: (808) 244-1994 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: NAWILIWILI 1 Management Summary Management Summary Reference Archaeological Literature Review and Field Inspection Report for the Nāwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project, Nāwiliwili, Kalapakī and Hanamā‘ulu Ahupua‘a, Līhue District, Kaua‘i Island, TMK: (4) 3-2 004; 3-5-001, 002 & 3-6-002, 019, 020, and various rights-of-way between various plats Date May 2008 Project Number Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i (CSH) Job Code NAWILIWILI 1 Investigation Permit The field inspection was conducted under archaeological permit Number number 08-14 issued by the Hawai‘i State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD), Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), per Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) Chapter 13-282. Project Location The project area is located in coastal and near-coastal portions of three ahupua‘a in Līhu‘e District, Island of Kaua‘i: Hanamā‘ulu, Kalapakī and Nāwiliwili. -
TRUST's WIDE CONTROL 1 TANT0N Aiamana016 Is EVIDENCE in HAS OPTION Ci About the FEDERAL on LANAI COURT CASE
SUGAR WBATMBEft 1 Cnnoi 4.42c. lb., $88.40 per Ther., mln., 67 ton. Hnr.T 8 . m., 30.10. Hoots: 14b 9d. per cwt., Wind, lm 10 8. B. 102.G0 per ton. Itnln, Jlli., 8 a. tn., .00. HAWAIIANTelephone Business Office. The Largest Daily Paper in 2365 Star The TerritorySTAR.SECOND EDITION. VOL. XIX. TWELVE PAGE8. HONOLULU, HAWAII, FRIDAY, MARCH 22, 1912. TWELVE PAQE8. NO. 6233. THE TRUST'S WIDE CONTROL 1 TANT0N aiamana016 Is EVIDENCE IN HAS OPTION ci About THE FEDERAL ON LANAI COURT CASE Tho Island of Lanul is likely to mattor. Ho was reticent concerning Sunday (Associated Press Cables to the Star.) fu- g on bo sold again within tho next few tho terms of the option, or his NEW YORK. March 22. Evidence In tho Sti option secured and months. An has been ture plans, further than tostato duced in court today to show that tho American Sugar Company controlled?! on tho property by Chas. A. Stanton, that the option had been secured, and ""I. not Delegate about trip. most-- havo decided," his When the tlmo arrived, tho reporter of tho refining business of tho country. Contracts were read be-- i of tho Kalmukl Land Company, and ho going East, ho declined that is said in reply to a question "No, I did not do any politics. I was informed that positively no an- tween tho American Company and tho American Beet Sugar Company, If tho deal goes through which he to talk on tho subject. political by a Star reporter at noon, as to made no speech whatever. -
Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION PLANTATION ARCHIVES Register of the LIHUE PLANTATION COMPANY Lihue, Kauai 1850-1968 Accession: 84-06 Processed by 140.5 cu. ft. Deborah Saito & Sept. 1987 Susan Campbell LIHUE PLANTATION COMPANY HISTORY Lihue Plantation Company originated in 1849 as a partnership between Charles Reed Bishop, Judge William L. Lee, and Henry A. Pierce of Boston. H. Hackfeld & Co. served as agents and J.H.B. Marshall was the first plantation manager of record in 1853 to 1854. The site of the first mill was selected in the valley of the Nawiliwili stream, the same site where the mill stands today. Water power was used to drive the mill rollers, which were iron bound granite crushers brought form China. A centrifugal sugar dryer, ordered from Mr. D.M. Weston in Honolulu, was installed in 1851. Open kettles provided the means for boiling the syrup. Under the name of Henry A. Peirce & Co., the new company produced a first crop of 108 tons of sugar and 25,847 gallons of molasses. It is interesting to note that the spelling of Peirce varies and it’s sometimes shown as Pierce. In 1859, a new partnership was formed and the name was changed to the Lihue Plantation Company. While the laborers in the plantation fields were exclusively Hawaiians, Chinese workers operated the mill. In 1856 and 1857 William Harrison Rice engineered and built the sugar industry’s first irrigation ditch, the ten mile Lihue Ditch, that brought water from Kilohana Crater. Mr. Rice became the second plantation manager, at a salary of $400.00 a year, plus a house, firewood and pasture. -
Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter?
ANAN ATTEMPTATTEMPT TOTO UNTANGLEUNTANGLE REVISIONISMREVISIONISM HawaiianHawaiian SSoovereigntyvereignty:: DoDo thethe FacFac ts ts Matter?Matter? THURSTONTHURSTON TWIGG-SMITHTWIGG-SMITH Hawaiian Sovereignty DO THE FACTS MATTER? By Thurston Twigg-Smith GOODALE PUBLISHING Honolulu, Hawai‘i © 1998 by Goodale Publishing. All rights reserved Second edition, May 1998 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Twigg-Smith, Thurston, 1921- Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter? Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. History—Hawaii. 2. Politics—Hawaii. Hardcover ISBN 0-9662945-0-5 Softcover ISBN 0-9662945-1-3 his book is dedicated to the continued T pursuit of the Hawaiian language. Why the interest in Hawaiian? The first three generations of my grandfather’s side of the family in these Islands were fluent in it: Asa Thurston, the missionary, spoke it, preached in it and translated books of the Bible into Hawaiian. His son, speaker of the Kingdom’s House of Representatives before his death at age 32, learned it in Kona as a boy and was as fluent in it as in English. His son, Lorrin A., the Rev- olutionist, was the same. He could catch the detailed nuances of other speakers in the Legislature when he was in it, especially if they thought they could get away with a wisecrack to their colleagues about him. And on my great-grandmother’s side of the family, her father, Lor- rin Andrews, put together the first Hawaiian dictionary in 1836 and followed it with an expanded edition in 1865. It was an unsophisti- cated product compared with the outstanding works of Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, but they saluted it for its pioneering thoroughness. -
Edith J. K. Rice Flews the Watumull Foundation Oral
EDITH J. K. RICE FLEWS THE WATUMULL FOUNDATION ORAL HISTORY PROJECT Edith J. K. Rice Flews (1900 - 1976) Mrs .. Plews, a volunteer leader, writer and lecturer, was born at Kalapaki, the home of her parents, Charles Atwood and Grace King Rice, in Lihue, Kauai. She received her educatio~ at several private schools, including Funahou School, and studied his tory and the history of art abroad. She became a secretar y to her father and her grandfather, William Hyde Rice, during the period from 1919 to 1927, assisting her grandfather with the preparation of Hawaiian Legends which was pub lished by the Bishop Museum in 192). She also served as a substitute teacher on Kauai and has been the manager of her own real estate holdings since 1941. She married John Christopher Flews on Septem ber 7, 1927 and they had two children, John Harry Rice Plews and Anne Hyde Rice Flews (.Mrs. David R. Moncrief). Mrs . Plews traces the history of the Rice family from the early seventeenth century to the present and relates interesting stories about some of its members. She also tells about her mother's family, the Kings, who carne to Hawaii in 1882. Mrs. J. A. Veech, Interviewer ~ 1979 The Watumull Foundation, Oral History Project 2051 Young Street, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96826 All rights reserved. This transcript, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the Watumull Foundation. INTERVIEW WITH EDITH JOSEPHINE KAPIOLANI RICE FlEWS (MRS . JOHN CHRISTOPHER PLEWS) July 12, 1971 P: Edith Rice Flews I: Mrs. John Alexander Veech I: Wait a minute, I've got to start this (the recorder). -
Nature, Culture, and Hawaiʻi's Sugarcane
PLANTER’S PARADISE: NATURE, CULTURE, AND HAWAIʻI’S SUGARCANE PLANTATIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Lawrence Helfgott Kessler May 2016 Examining Committee Members: Andrew Isenberg, Advisory Chair, Department of History Beth Bailey, University of Kansas Petra Goedde, Department of History Richard Immerman, Department of History John McNeill, External Member, Georgetown University © Copyright 2016 by Lawrence Helfgott Kessler _____________ All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT Over the course of the nineteenth century, the Hawaiian sugar industry rose from economic insignificance to become one of the world’s most efficient and productive sugarcane plantation systems. "Planter's Paradise" traces the transnational environmental history of cane planting in Hawaiʻi, from Polynesian settlement to the early twentieth century, to explore how an export-based mono-culture plantation system eclipsed diversified farming, how cultural encounters between indigenous and Euro-American groups influenced agriculture and natural resource use, and how the politics of planting contributed to the rise of American hegemony over the islands. With research grounded in plantation records, agricultural association publications, popular media, and personal correspondence, I address sugarcane planting as a point where ideas about nature, methods of converting nature into commodities for consumption in distant markets, and nature itself influenced each other within the context of U.S. imperial expansion. I argue that the ascendance of Hawaiʻi’s sugar industry was the result of cultural encounters, economic relations, and environmental conditions at the local level, but cane planting also connected the archipelago to particular transnational networks of economic, ecological, and cultural exchange. -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name:___Mrs. Mary S. Rice Beach House___________________________ Other names/site number: Jack Waterhouse Weekend House, Kipu Kai Ranch___________ Name of related multiple property listing: ___________________N/A_ ________________________________ (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: ___ _________Kipu Road__________________________ City or town: ___Kipu Kai____ State: __Hawaii_______ County: __Kauai_______ Not For Publication: Vicinity: ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering