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Şanlıurfa Yöresinde Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Eminium (Blume) Schott (Araceae Juss.) Cinsine Ait Taksonların Anatomik Ve Morfolojik Yönden İncelenmesi

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Şanlıurfa Yöresinde Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Eminium (Blume) Schott (Araceae Juss.) Cinsine Ait Taksonların Anatomik Ve Morfolojik Yönden İncelenmesi KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22 (Ek Sayı 2): 296-309, 2019 KSU J. Agric Nat 22(Suppl. 2): 296-309, 2019 DOI:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.532511 Şanlıurfa Yöresinde Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Eminium (Blume) Schott (Araceae Juss.) Cinsine Ait Taksonların Anatomik ve Morfolojik Yönden İncelenmesi Cahit ÇEÇEN1 , Hasan AKAN2 , Mehmet Maruf BALOS3 Harran Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Şanlıurfa 1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-9397, 2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-4349, 3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-5237 : [email protected] ÖZET Araştırma Makalesi Bu çalışmada, Şanlıurfa’da doğal yayılış gösteren Araceae Juss. Familyasının Eminium (Blume) Schott cinsine ait türlerinin Makale Tarihçesi morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Şanlıurfa’da yapılan Geliş Tarihi : 26.02.2019 floristik çalışmada Eminium intortum (Banks & Sol.) Kuntze, E. Kabul Tarihi : 22.08.2019 rauwolffii (Blume) Schott ve E. spiculatum (Blume) Schott’un doğal Anahtar Kelimeler yayılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Toplanan türler herbaryum Araceae standartlarına uygun olarak kurutulmuş ve morfolojik ölçümler Eminium yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümler ‘Resimli Türkiye Florası’ ve ‘Flora of Anatomi Turkey’ ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Anatomik çalışmalar parafin yöntemi Morfoloji modifiye edilerek yapılmıştır. Anatomik çalışmalarda el kesitleri de Şanlıurfa alınmıştır. Çalışılan taksonların kök, skapa ve yaprak anatomileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan skape anatomisinde; E. spiculatum ve E. intortum’da epidermisin altında belirli aralıklarla dizilmiş kollenkima hücre kümeleri gözlenmiştir. E. rauwolffii’de kollenkimatik hücre kümeleri gözlenmemiştir. Yaprak anatomisinde her üç türde de Epidermiste stoma hücreleri mezomorf ve amfistomatik’tir. Stoma tipi anomositik ve parasitik stomadır. Anatomical and Morphological Aspects of The Taxa Belonging to Eminium (Blume) Schott (Araceae Juss.) Family, Which Shows Natural Distrıbution in Şanlıurfa Region ABSTRACT Research Article In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of the species of the genus Emineum (Blume) Schott belong to Araceae Juss family, Article History were investigated. The floristic study conducted in Şanlıurfa showed Received : 26.02.2019 that Eminium intortum (Banks & Sol.) Kuntze, E. rauwolffii (Blume) Accepted : 22.08.2019 Schott and E. spiculatum (Blume) Schott have a natural distribution Keywords in the area.. The collected species were dried according to herbarium Araceae standards and morphological measurements were performed. These Eminium measurements compared to 'Illustrated Flora of Turkey 'and' Flora of Anatomy Turkey. Anatomical studies were done by modifying the paraffin Morphology method. Hand sections were also taken in anatomical studies. The Şanlıurfa root, scape and leaf anatomies of the taxa were studied. Scapa and leaf anatomy of the Eminium genus were studied for the first time in this study. In this study, the scape anatomy discussed; in the Eminium spiculatum and E. intortum, collenchymal cell clusters were observed at regular intervals under the epidermis. Collenchymatic cell clusters have not been observed at E. rauwolffii. In all three species of leaf anatomy, stoma cells in the epidermis are mesomorphic and amphistomatic. Stoma type was anomocytic and parasitic stoma. To Cite : Çeçen C, Akan H, Balos MM 2019. Şanlıurfa Yöresinde Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Eminium (Blume) Schott (Araceae Juss.) Cinsine Ait Taksonların Anatomik ve Morfolojik Yönden İncelenmesi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22(Ek Sayı 2): 296-309. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.532511 GİRİŞ Taksonlardan 3649’ü ülkemiz için endemiktir (Güner Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) kitabına ve ark., 2012). Türk Botanikçilerinin yaptığı yoğun göre; Türkiye’de 167 familya, 1320 cins ve bu cinslere çalışmalar sonucu Türkiye Florası’nın 11. cildi (2.ek ait toplam 11707 takson bulunmaktadır. cilt) (Güner ve ark., 2000) hazırlanmıştır. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22 (Ek Sayı 2): 296-309, 2019 Araştırma Makalesi/Research Article Araceae (Yılanyastığıgiller) familyası 1789 yılında 2017-2018 vejetasyon dönemlerinde farklı Fransız botanikçi Antoine Laurent de Jussieu lokalitelerden toplanmıştır. Araziden toplanan tarafından bilim dünyasına tanıtılmıştır. Mayo ve örneklerin yanı sıra Harran Herbaryumu (HARRAN) arkadaşlarına göre (1997) Araceae familyası 105 cins bünyesinde bulunan örnekler incelenmiştir. ve 3300 tür içerir. Cinslerin yaklaşık %90’ı, türlerin ise Eminium için taksonomik değer taşıyan tanımlayıcı yaklaşık %95’i tropikal alanda bulunur (Boyce ve karakterler belirlenmiştir. Yumru şekli, bitki boyu, Croat, 2011). Yılanyastığıgiller familyası zehirli yaprak şekli, yaprak ayası uzunluğu-genişliği, yaprak bitkiler içremektedir. Büyük çoğunluğu içmekan süs damarlanma biçimi, yaprak sapı uzunluğu ve yüzey bitkileridir. Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren en önemli özellikleri, spata şekli, rengi, boyutları, skapa cinsleri, Arum, Biarum ve Eminium, Dracunculus uzunluğu durumu, spadiks uzunluğu, apendiks şekli, Mill. ve Arisarum Mill. cinsleridir. Bu çalışmada uzunluğu ve rengi, erkek zon uzunluğu, steril zon Eminium cinsine ait türler araştırılmıştır. Eminium uzunluğu, dişi zon uzunluğu taksonlar arasında cinsi Anavatanı Türkiye, İran, Irak, İsrail, Mısır, farklılık gösteren taksonomik öneme sahip Suriye, Afganistan, Tacikistan, Kazakistan, karakterlerdir. Bu karakterlerin incelenen her bir Özbekistan ve Türkistan’dır (Bown, 1988). örnek için aldığı değerler not edilerek taksonların Türkiye Florası’na göre Eminium cinsi ülkemizde 5 genel deskripsiyonları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Türlerin taksonla temsil edilmekte (Davis, 1984) iken 1991 betimlemeleri Yıldırım H., (2018) baz alınarak yılında Eminium koenenianum Lobin & P.Boyce düzenlenmiştir. türünün bilim dünyasına tanıtılmasıyla bu sayı 6 takson’a çıkmıştır. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Güner ve Anatomik Yöntem ark., 2012) kitabında Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Anatomik çalışmalarda çeşitli parafin yöntemleri Schott türü Resimli Türkiye Florası’nda(Güner ve modifiye edilerek kullanılmıştır (Johansen, 1940; ark., 2018) Eminium rauwolffi (Blume) Schott var. Ozban ve Özmutlu, 1991). Bu yöntemler örneklerin rauwolffii (Blume) Schott taksonunun sinonimi kök, gövde ve yaprak kesitlerinin alınmasını, alınan yapılmıştır. Son yapılan revizyon çalışmasıyla kesitlerin standart yöntemlerle boyanması ve kalıcı Eminium cinsinin ülkemizdeki takson sayısı 5 preparatların hazırlanmasını içermektedir. Anatomik olmuştur. Dünyada ise 7 takson ile temsil çalışmalarda el kesitinden de yararlanılmıştır. El edilmektedir (Lobin & Boyce, 1991; Güner ve ark, kesitlerinde ikili boyama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu 2018). Ülkemizde doğal yayılış gösteren Eminium yöntem el kesitlerinde kullanılabilmesi ve renk cinsine ait taksonlar; Eminium spiculatum (Blume) farkıyla dokuları net bir şekilde ayırt etmesi Schott var. spiculatum, E. intortum (Banks & Sol) bakımından pratiklik ve kesinlik sağlamaktadır. Bu O.Kuntze, E. rauwolffii (Blume) Schott var. rauwolffii yöntemde, safranin ve fast-green boyalarının belirli (Blume) Schott, E. rauwolffii (Blume) Schott var. oranlarda karışımından oluşan ikili boya, hem kotschyi (Schott) H.Riedl ve E. koenenianum Lobin ve monokotil hem de dikotil bitki örneklerinde P.C.Boyce’dir. kullanılabilmekte ve uzun süre oda sıcaklığında Türkiye’de doğal yayılış gösteren Eminium türleri bozulmadan saklanabilmektedir (Bozdağ ve ark., yörede kârdi, kâri, ziliké ereba, asalan, kurt kulağı, 2016). Anatomik kesitler Leica marka mikrotom ile fıse pire isimleriyle bilinir (Alpınar, 1987; Akan ve alınmış preparatların ölçümü ve fotoğraflandırılması ark., 2008; Akan ve ark., 2013). ise Leica CMS GmbH ışık mikroskobu ve Leica kamera Eminium ile ilgili yapılmış olan önceki çalışmalar yardımı ile yapılmıştır. arasında; Riedl (1980), Davis (1984), Lobin ve Boyce (1991), Mayo ve ark. (1997, Zharylgasina (2010), Tıraş BULGULARI ve TARTIŞMA (2011), Afifi ve ark. (2012) ve Akan ve ark. (2013) Araştırma Alanının Coğrafik Durumu gösterilebilir. Araştırma alanı olan Şanlıurfa ili David grid sistemine Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin Güney Doğu Anadolu göre C6, C7 ve C8 karesindedir (Davis 1965-1985). Bölgesi’nde bulunan Şanlıurfa yöresinde doğal yayılış Şanlıurfa ili Güneydoğu Torosların orta kısmının gösteren Eminium taksonlarının anatomik ve güney etekleri üzerinde yer alır. Doğusunda Mardin, morfolojik yönden incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Bu Batısında Gaziantep, Kuzeydoğusunda Diyarbakır, çalışmanın ileride yapılacak daha kapsamlı Eminium kuzeybatısında Adıyaman, Güneyinde ise Suriye yer cinsi ile alakalı çalışmalara katkıda bulunacağını ümit alır. Ortalama yükselti 518 metredir. İlin en yüksek edilmektedir. dağı Karacadağ (1938 m)’dır (Anonim, 2017). Araştırma alanı haritası Şekil 1’de verilmiştir. MATERYAL ve METOT Şanlıurfa’da yayılış gösteren Eminium türlerinin Morfolojik Yöntem morfolojik ve Anatomik özellikleri Şanlıurfa yöresinde doğal yayılış gösteren Araceae 1. Eminium intortum(Banks &Sol.) Kuntze (Şekil 2-6). familyasına ait Eminium cinslerine ait taksonları 297 KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22 (Ek Sayı 2): 296-309, 2019 Araştırma Makalesi/Research Article Yumrular küremsi, yaklaşık 2,1-4,5 cm çapında. Eminium intortum’un anatomik özellikleri Yapraklar 2-4 adet; yaprak sapı 6-25 cm boyunda, Kök anatomisi yaprak sapı tabanında mor benekli. Yaprak ayası 3 En dışta kökün dış yüzeyinde tek sıralı epidermis parçalı; orta lop geniş ya da dar mızraksıdır. Boyutları hücreleri bulunmaktadır. Epidermisin üzerinde ince 6-12 cm boy, 2-3,5 cm enindedir. Yan loplar birkaç kez bir kütiküla tabakası
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