DOCSLIB.ORG

The Bletia Catenulata Ornamental Orchid Is Self-Compatible but Pollinator-Dependent for Reproduction Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Bletia Catenulata Ornamental Orchid Is Self-Compatible but Pollinator-Dependent for Reproduction Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, Vol Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ISSN: 1517-6398 [email protected] Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos Brasil Borges de Paiva Neto, Vespasiano; Mezoni Correa, Ana Paula; de Barros, Fábio; Castro Padilha, Daly Roxana; Rezende Zuffo Borges, Monica Cristina The Bletia catenulata ornamental orchid is self-compatible but pollinator-dependent for reproduction Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, vol. 45, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2015, pp. 473-479 Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos Goiânia, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=253042635015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative e-ISSN 1983-4063 - www.agro.ufg.br/pat - Pesq. Agropec. Trop., Goiânia, v. 45, n. 4, p. 473-479, Oct./Dec. 2015 The Bletia catenulata ornamental orchid is self-compatible but pollinator-dependent for reproduction1 Vespasiano Borges de Paiva Neto2, Ana Paula Mezoni Correa2, Fábio de Barros3, Daly Roxana Castro Padilha2, Monica Cristina Rezende Zuffo Borges2 RESUMO ABSTRACT A orquídea ornamental Bletia catenulata é autocompatível, mas dependente de polinizador para reprodução Bletia catenulata is a native Brazilian orchid whose Bletia catenulata é uma orquídea nativa do Brasil, cujas populations have suffered from predatory collection. Aiming at populações têm sofrido coleta predatória. Objetivando conhecer elucidating aspects of its reproductive biology and the relation aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e sua relação com a germinação de with seed germination, pollination tests were carried out in sementes, diferentes tipos de polinização foram realizados em flores flowers of plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Manual cross and de plantas cultivadas em estufa agrícola. A polinização cruzada self-pollination resulted in high percentage of fructification e a autopolinização manuais resultaram em altos percentuais de (76.7-86.7 %), being only 26.7 % for natural pollination, in frutificação (76,7-86,7 %), sendo de apenas 26,7 % na polinização which the absence of pollinators, due to flower isolation, resulted natural, na qual a ausência de polinizadores, por isolamento das in absence of fruits. In vitro seed germination for all fruits from flores, resultou na ausência de frutos. A germinação in vitro de the different pollination processes was low, being 8.6 % the sementes de todos os frutos resultantes das diferentes polinizações highest percentage for protocorms. Thus, B. catenulata is self- foi baixa, sendo 8,6 % o maior valor percentual de protocormos compatible, resulting in viable seeds, but pollinator-dependent obtidos. Portanto, B. catenulata é autocompatível, gerando sementes for sexual reproduction. viáveis, mas dependente de polinizador para reprodução sexuada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Germinação in vitro; aclimatização; KEY-WORDS: In vitro germination; acclimatization; Brazilian Cerrado. Savannah. INTRODUCTION al. 2003) and Paraguay (Schinini 2010). We have recently identified this species in the Mato Grosso Bletia Ruiz & Pav. is a neotropical orchid do Sul State, Brazil. genus consisting of about 40 species (Brown 2005). The distribution of Bletia specimens is However, in Brazil, only two species have been determined by factors such as the degree of registered (Barros et al. 2015). disturbance of their environment, adaptability of the Bletia catenulata Ruiz & Pav. is a common species and diversity of morphotypes of the available species in the Brazilian Savannah, Amazonia and mycorrhizal fungus, which is associated with their Atlantic Forest, being also found in the seashore of dispersibility (Beltrán-Nambo et al. 2012), among the Rio de Janeiro State, at the Massambaba sandbank others. (Cepemar 2004). In the northeast region of the Mato Grosso do Some authors reported that B. catenulata was Sul State, B. catenulata was found in four different found in different Brazilian States, such as Tocantins sites, always with low frequency. In some sites, it and Maranhão (Silva et al. 1995), Minas Gerais is exposed to environments that undergo human (Araújo et al. 2002), Distrito Federal (Batista et disturbance. In addition, this orchid has terrestrial al. 2005) and São Paulo (Ferreira et al. 2010), and habits, superficial roots and often occurs near also in other countries, such as Bolivia (Vásquez et watercourses. 1. Manuscript received in Nov./2015 and accepted for publication in Dec./2015 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632015v4538410). 2. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 3. Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquidário do Estado, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 474 V. B. de Paiva Neto et al. (2015) Plant collection and environmental disturbance conditions and basic information on early plant have threatened the species, intensifying its risk of growth and development. Several in vitro seed extinction. Swarts & Dixon (2009) consider that germination studies on B. purpurea can be found orchids are primarily threatened by anthropogenic in the literature (Dutra et al. 2008, Johnson & Kane causes, such as habitat destruction, modification and 2012 and 2013). However, no information has been fragmentation, or even over-collection. found about B. catenulata. Dressler (1968) stated that Bletia flowers This study aimed at obtaining initial information are adapted to bee pollination. Self-pollination is on ornamental potential and influence of pollination frequent in B. campanulata, B. macristhmochila, type on seed viability of the B. catenulata orchid, in B. purpurea and B. urbana, and nearly universal in order to enable future preservation programs. B. rosea. Yet, observations of B. campanulata and B. purpurea indicate that many plants are facultative MATERIAL AND METHODS autogamous, according to the plant condition and probably to the habitat condition (Dressler 1968). Eight plants of B. catenulata were collected Other plants, sometimes in the same populations, in December 2013, in Cachoeira da Rapadura are always autogamous. However, except for the fact (18º25’36.54”S; 52º56’57.23”W), in Costa Rica, that some authors have reported Xylocopa sp. as the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. pollinator of B. catenulata (Dodson 1962, Van der Plants were cultivated in plastic pots, using Cingel 2001), little information related to floral and Plantmax® - HT substrate, in a greenhouse, with daily reproductive biology and no information on seed irrigation. For the species identification procedures, germination of this species are found in the literature. the specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Most orchids are self-compatible (Van der Instituto de Botânica, in São Paulo, Brazil. Pijl & Dodson 1966). However, spontaneous self- During the flowering stage of the collected pollination tends to be avoided by the presence of plants, the height of the inflorescence stalk (measured some floral mechanisms (Van der Pijl & Dodson from the base of the stalk to the topmost flower 1966, Catling & Catling 1991). Additionally, insertion point) and number of flowers/inflorescence orchids tend to produce more viable seeds after were measured to calculate the mean number and cross-pollination (Stort 1983 and 1986, Smidt et al. standard deviation. Additionally, floral longevity 2006). Pollination carried out under experimental was estimated by daily observation to obtain the date conditions also promotes increased fruit production of the first anthesis and of the last senescent flower. in many Orchidaceae species, when compared with Plants were monitored from July 1st to October 10th, populations in the natural environment (Pansarin in 2014. 2003, Mickeliunas et al. 2006, Storti et al. 2011). In To analyze the reproductive biology, ninety their habitat, herbivory and fruit and seed predation flowers in six inflorescences of six plants maintained can negatively influence its reproductive success. in a greenhouse were used to carry out manual The study of orchid reproductive biology pollinations. After flower anthesis, self-pollination is essential for propagation and breeding. In was carried out in thirty flowers. Cross-pollinations general, seed viability tests are carried out by using among flowers of the same individual (geitonogamy) tetrazolium (Suzuki et al. 2012), fluorescent diacetate and different individuals (xenogamy) were performed staining (Chen et al. 2015) and/or in vitro asymbiotic using thirty flowers for each pollination treatment. germination (Suzuki et al. 2012, Chen et al. 2015). In all three treatments, pollinia were dislodged from Asymbiotic seed germination has been used for the the gynostemium by applying slight upward pressure multiplication of commercially important orchids, to the bottom of the anther cap. After removal, being an effective tool for orchid propagation, pollinia were gently transferred into the stigmatic concerning conservation and reintroduction purposes surface of the same (geitonogamy) or another (McKendrick 1995, 1996a and 1996b, Stenberg & (xenogamy) flower. Hand pollinated flowers were Kane 1998, Kauth et al. 2006, Stewart & Kane 2006, closely monitored for flower senescence, capsule Johnson & Kane 2012, Wu et al. 2014). development and capsule maturity. In vitro seed germination studies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nutritional Disorders of Macronutrients in Bletia Catenulata
    HORTSCIENCE 54(10):1836–1839. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14284-19 Thus, the deficiency symptoms of a partic- ular nutrient are typical and may appear in several plant organs, such as leaves, stems, Nutritional Disorders of roots, and fruit. These symptoms assist in the nutritional evaluation of plants (Gontijo et al., Macronutrients in Bletia catenulata 2007). However, mineral deficiency symptoms present particular inter- and intraspecies re- Carlos Henrique Oliveira de David sponses as a result of gene expression and envi- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadao~ do Sul, Brazil ronmental factors (Hawkesford et al., 2012). The knowledge of the symptomatology Vespasiano Borges de Paiva Neto caused by the deficiency of a specific nutrient Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao~ Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil is fundamental to the use of this method of plant nutritional evaluation. Thus, the culti- Cid Naudi Silva Campos, Priscilla Maria da Silva Liber Lopes, vation of plants in protected systems using and Paulo Eduardo Teodoro culture medium is an essential tool for plant Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadao~ do Sul, Brazil nutrition studies, especially those that induce nutritional deficiency (Prado, 2008). Renato de Mello Prado Studies involving nutritional disorders in Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadao~ do Sul, Brazil; orchids are still incipient in the literature, Department of Soils and Fertilizers, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Julio specifically for B. catenulata. Therefore, nutri- de Mesquita Filho’’ (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil tional management of this species has not yet been consolidated, which can affect plant yield Additional index words. Orchidaceae, nutritional disorder, plant nutrition and quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Placement of the Enigmatic Orchid Genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from Molecular and Morphological Characters
    TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 45–54 Xiang & al. • Phylogenetic placement of Thaia and Tangtsinia Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters Xiao-Guo Xiang,1 De-Zhu Li,2 Wei-Tao Jin,1 Hai-Lang Zhou,1 Jian-Wu Li3 & Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 Herbarium & State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan province 666303, P.R. China Author for correspondence: Xiao-Hua Jin, [email protected] Abstract The phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL + matK + psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphol- ogy of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cepha- lanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidendrum Secundum (Orchidaceae)
    Plant Biology ISSN 1435-8603 RESEARCH PAPER Reproductive biology and pollination mechanisms of Epidendrum secundum (Orchidaceae). Floral variation: a consequence of natural hybridization? E. R. Pansarin & M. C. E. Amaral Departamento de Botaˆ nica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Keywords ABSTRACT Epidendroideae; Epidendrum; Laeliinae; Orchidaceae; pollination; reproductive biology. The phenology, flower morphology, pollination mechanism and reproductive biology of Epidendrum secundum were studied in a semi-deciduous forest at Correspondence the Serra do Japi (SJ), and in the Atlantic rain forest of Picinguaba, both E. R. Pansarin, Departamento de Biologia natural reserves in the State of Sa˜o Paulo, southeastern Brazil. E. secundum Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista, flowers all year round, with a flowering peak between September and FCAV, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. January. This species is either a lithophytic or terrestrial herb in the SJ, E-mail: [email protected] whereas, in Picinguaba, it grows mainly in disturbed areas along roadsides. E. secundum is pollinated by several species of diurnal Lepidoptera at both Editor study sites. In Picinguaba, where E. secundum is sympatric with E. fulgens M. Ayasse and both share the same pollinators, pollen transference between these two species was recorded. E. secundum is self-compatible but pollinator-depen- Received: 25 March 2007; Accepted: 22 May dent. It is inter-compatible with E. fulgens, producing fertile seeds. In con- 2007 trast to the population of the SJ, in the Picinguaba region, floral morphology is quite variable among plants and some individuals present doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2007.00025.x flowers with characteristics in-between both sympatric species, suggesting that natural hybridization occasionally occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional De San Antonio Abad Del Cusco Facultad De Ciencias Escuela Profesional De Biología
    Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Facultad de Ciencias Escuela Profesional de Biología MICROPROPAGACION DE ORQUÍDEAS A PARTIR DE SEMILLAS EN CONDICIONES DE CULTIVO IN VITRO Tesis Presentada por: Bachiller. Karina Flores Huisa Para Optar al Título Profesional de Biólogo Asesor: M. Sc. Máximo Américo Chacón Campana Cusco – Perú 2019 Dedicatoria 9 A Dios por protegerme cada día de mi vida. 9 A mis padres; Apolinaria y Francisco por darme la vida y ser un ejemplo a seguir. 9 A mis hermanos José Luis, Beatriz, Daniel, Juan Carlos, Milagros por sus palabras de aliento a seguir e inolvidables momentos compartidos en familia. 9 A mi mentor Dr. Luis Fernando Miranda Ángeles (ƚ) y familia por haber contribuido a mi formación profesional y todos sus consejos dados a lo largo de mi vida. Agradecimientos 9 A la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco por haberme formado en la Carrera de Ciencias Biológicas. 9 A la Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina y al Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT) por haberme permitido continuar con mi formación profesional. 9 Un agradecimiento a mi asesor M.Sc. Blgo Máximo Américo Chacón Campana por su asesoramiento en la presente Tesis. 9 Al cuerpo docente de la Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Biología, por haber contribuido en mi formación profesional. 9 Mis agradecimientos a la Dra María E. Holgado Rojas, M.Sc Blga Gloria Calatayud Hermosa, al Blgo. Marcial Villafuerte Arriaga, por su ayuda en la colecta de orquídeas y sus valiosos aportes. 9 Al Blgo. Marco León Martínez por su donación de la especie de Epidendrum macrocarpum para la realización del trabajo.
    [Show full text]
  • (Acriopsidinae, Orchidaceae) Latter, Acriopsis Only Genus
    A taxonomic revision of the genus Acriopsis Reinwardt ex Blume (Acriopsidinae, Orchidaceae) M.E. Minderhoud & E.F. de Vogel Rijksheibaiium, Leiden, The Netherlands Drawings by J. J. Vermeulen Summary taxonomic revision of the 5 One This article presents a genus Acriopsis (6 species, varieties). species to (A. gracilis) and one variety (A. javanica var. auriculata) are described as new. Two species are reduced reduced to variety level ((A. javanica var. floribunda, A. densiflora var. bomeensis). Twelve names are synonymy. Introduction Several opinions have been expresssed on the position of the genus Acriopsis within the Orchidaceae. According to Schlechter (1915) Acriopsis belongs to the Vandeae tribe. For this and Thecostele he the Thecostelinae. The the subtribe containing genus proposed name for Schlechter these because of the of main reason to place two genera together was presence tubular formed the adnation of the base of the the base of the a unique structure, by hp to column. In Acriopsis the hp is adnate to the column itself, no column foot is present. In front. Thecostele, however, it is adnate to an outgrowth of the column which projects to the Many authors followedthe classification by Schlechter, with Acriopsis closely alliedto Theco- stele. Holttum (1953) also kept both genera together, but named the tribe 'Acriopsis tribe'. with the Dressier & Dodson (1960) placed Acriopsis a questionmark in tribe Epidendreae of the Vandoid and Epidendroid orchids. They stressed that it may deserve a separate sub- tribe and that it is not related to Thecostele which was placed by them in the monotypic subtribe Thecostelinae. subfamilies. Dressier (1981) treated the Epidendroideae and the Vandoideae as separate classified the the Within the latter, Acriopsis is as only genus in subtribe 'Acriopsidinae', which he described as new, in juxtaposition to the monotypic subtribe Thecostelinae, both in the Cymbidieae.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Appendix 6-B Listed Flora
    Appendix 6-B. List of Federal, State and County Endangered, Threatened, Rare, and Special Concern Flora in Miami-Dade County Scientific Name Common Name State Federal County Acacia choriophylla Tamarindillo; cinnecord E NL Y Acanthocereus tetragenus Triangle cactus T NL Y Acoelorraphe wrightii Everglades palm T NL Y Acrostichum aureum Golden leather fern T NL Y Adiantum capillus-veneris Venus hair fern; southern maidenhair fern NL NL Y Adiantum melanoleucum Fragrant maidenhair fern E NL Y Adiantum tenerum Brittle maidenhair fern E NL Y Aeschynomene pratensis Meadow joint-vetch E NL Y Agalinis filifolia Seminole false fox glove NL NL Y Aletris bracteata White colic root E NL Y Alvaradoa amorphoides Mexican alvaradoa E NL Y Amorpha herbacea var.crenulata Crenulate (=Miami) leadplant E E Y Amphitecna latifolia Black calabash NL NL Y Anemia wrightii Wright's pineland fern E NL Y Angadenia berteroi Pineland golden trumpet T NL Y Argusia gnaphalodes Sea rosemary E NL Y Argythamnia blodgettii Blodgett's silverbush E C Y Aristolochia pentandra Marsh's dutchmans pipe E NL Y Asplenium abscissum Cutleaf spleenwort NL NL Y Asplenium dentatum Toothed spleenwort E NL Y Asplenium serratum Wild bird nest fern E NL Y Asplenium verecundum Modest spleenwort E NL Y Asplenium x biscaynianum Biscayne spleenwort NL NL Y Asteraea lobata Lobed croton; Florida treefern NL NL Y Baccharis dioica Broombush falsewillow E NL Y Basiphyllaea corallicola Carter's orchid E NL Y Bletia patula Flor de Pesmo NL NL Y Bletia purpurea Pinepink orchid T NL Y Bourreria cassinifolia Smooth strongback E NL Y Bourreria succulenta Bahama strongback E NL Y Brassia caudata Spider orchid E NL Y Brickellia eupatorioides var.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.EFFORTS to CONSERVE ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica RANGEL-VILLAFRANCO, MONICA; ORTEGA-LARROCEA, M. PILAR EFFORTS TO CONSERVE ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS IN SITU AND EX SITU AT TWO NATURAL RESERVES WITHIN CENTRAL MEXICO Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 326-333 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813068 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 326-333. 2007. EFFORTS TO CONSERVE ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS IN SITU AND EX SITU AT TWO NATURAL RESERVES WITHIN CENTRAL MEXICO 1 1,2 MONICA RANGEL-VILLAFRANCO & M. PILAR ORTEGA-LARROCEA 1 Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior de Ciudad Universitaria, México Distrito Federal, 04510. México. 2 Author for correspondence: [email protected] KEY WORDS: in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, orchid fungi isolation, seed banks The natural vegetation in and around Mexico City macrobulon, Epidendrum anisatu, Habenaria strictis- once harbored an unusually high number of plant and sima, Liparis greenwoodiana) (Hágsater et al. 2005). animal (insect) species, including endemics (Vázquez In contrast, in the Chichinautzin Area, eight types 1973, Ceballos & Galindo 1984, Rzedowski 1991). of vegetation can be found. An altitudinal gradient The high diversity in this region has been attributed joint with successive periods of volcanic activity to the unusual topography resulting from a series of are combined and pedogenetic processes through volcanic eruptions that ended ca.
    [Show full text]
  • CITES Orchid Checklist Volumes 1, 2 & 3 Combined
    CITES Orchid Checklist Online Version Volumes 1, 2 & 3 Combined (three volumes merged together as pdf files) Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/data/cites.html Important: Please read the Introduction before reading this Part Introduction - OrchidIntro.pdf Part I : All names in current use - OrchidPartI.pdf (this file) Part II: Accepted names in current use - OrchidPartII.pdf Part III: Country Checklist - OrchidPartIII.pdf For the genera: Aerangis, Angraecum, Ascocentrum, Bletilla, Brassavola, Calanthe, Catasetum, Cattleya, Constantia, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dendrobium (selected sections only), Disa, Dracula, Encyclia, Laelia, Miltonia, Miltonioides, Miltoniopsis, Paphiopedilum, Paraphalaenopsis, Phalaenopsis, Phragmipedium, Pleione, Renanthera, Renantherella, Rhynchostylis, Rossioglossum, Sophronitella, Sophronitis Vanda and Vandopsis Compiled by: Jacqueline A Roberts, Lee R Allman, Sharon Anuku, Clive R Beale, Johanna C Benseler, Joanne Burdon, Richard W Butter, Kevin R Crook, Paul Mathew, H Noel McGough, Andrew Newman & Daniela C Zappi Assisted by a selected international panel of orchid experts Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Copyright 2002 The Trustees of The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew CITES Secretariat Printed volumes: Volume 1 first published in 1995 - Volume 1: ISBN 0 947643 87 7 Volume 2 first published in 1997 - Volume 2: ISBN 1 900347 34 2 Volume 3 first published in 2001 - Volume 3: ISBN 1 84246 033 1 General editor of series: Jacqueline A Roberts 2 Part I: ORCHIDACEAE BINOMIALS IN CURRENT USAGE Ordered alphabetically on All
    [Show full text]
  • PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (In English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
    Original language: English PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (in English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Quick scan of Orchidaceae species in European commerce as components of cosmetic, food and medicinal products Prepared by Josef A. Brinckmann Sebastopol, California, 95472 USA Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authorithy of Switzerland and Lichtenstein 2014 PC22 Doc 22.1 – p. 1 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Information about the Databases Used ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Anoectochilus formosanus .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Countries of origin ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2. Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Anoectochilus Formosanus Cell Culture Extract (CosIng) ............................................ 13 1.2.2. Anoectochilus Formosanus Extract (CosIng) ................................................................ 13 1.3. Selected finished
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
    THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 Years of Biotrade
    UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT 2 years of Bi Trade Connecting people, the planet and markets Note The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers and boundaries. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a reference to the document number. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint, should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat: Palais des Nations, 1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland. This publication has been edited externally. For further information on UNCTAD’s BioTrade Initiative please consult the following website: http://www.unctad.org/biotrade or contact: [email protected] Acknowledgements This publication, 20 years of BioTrade: Connecting people, the planet and markets, was compiled and prepared by Lorena Jaramillo Castro, Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD secretariat, under the supervision of Bonapas Onguglo, Senior Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD. Substantive support was provided by Neiva Rosa, consultant; Lalen Lleander, Programme Management Officer; David Vivas, Legal Officer; and Lucas Assunção, Head Trade, Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development (TED) Branch, UNCTAD. This publication was edited by Vivien Stone and designed by Sarah Thompson, Watermark Creative. UNCTAD would like to thank all the contributors to this commemorative publication marking 20 years of BioTrade.
    [Show full text]
  • Inselbergs) As Centers of Diversity for Desiccation-Tolerant Vascular Plants
    Plant Ecology 151: 19–28, 2000. 19 © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Dedicated to Prof. Dr Karl Eduard Linsenmair (Universität Würzburg) on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Granitic and gneissic outcrops (inselbergs) as centers of diversity for desiccation-tolerant vascular plants Stefan Porembski1 & Wilhelm Barthlott2 1Universität Rostock, Institut für Biodiversitätsforschung, Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Rostock, Germany (E-mail: [email protected]); 2Botanisches Institut der Universität, Bonn, Germany (E-mail: [email protected]) Key words: Afrotrilepis, Borya, Desiccation tolerance, Granitic outcrops, Myrothamnus, Poikilohydry, Resurrection plants, Velloziaceae, Water stress Abstract Although desiccation tolerance is common in non-vascular plants, this adaptive trait is very rare in vascular plants. Desiccation-tolerant vascular plants occur particularly on rock outcrops in the tropics and to a lesser extent in temperate zones. They are found from sea level up to 2800 m. The diversity of desiccation-tolerant species as mea- sured by number of species is highest in East Africa, Madagascar and Brazil, where granitic and gneissic outcrops, or inselbergs, are their main habitat. Inselbergs frequently occur as isolated monoliths characterized by extreme environmental conditions (i.e., edaphic dryness, high degrees of insolation). On tropical inselbergs, desiccation- tolerant monocotyledons (i.e., Cyperaceae and Velloziaceae) dominate in mat-like communities which cover even steep slopes. Mat-forming desiccation-tolerant species may attain considerable age (hundreds of years) and size (several m in height, for pseudostemmed species). Both homoiochlorophyllous and poikilochlorophyllous species occur. In their natural habitats, both groups survive dry periods of several months and regain their photosynthetic activity within a few days after rainfall.
    [Show full text]