Name: ______Period #: _____ Date: ______U.S. History & Government – 7th Grade Westbury Middle School Chapter: Manifest Destiny

1. In what direction are they going or moving toward (North, South, West, or East)? / Name a region in America where these people might be heading? A. North B. South C. West D. East 2. What country does the lady in white represent? A. United States of America B. Spain C. England D. France 3. This picture represents the idea of Manifest ______. A. Conquering B. Destiny C. Progress D. Uniting 4. Which statement best illustrates the point of view of the artist?

A. People moving west were in danger B. There were many modes of transportation that were used to move west. C. As Americans moved west, they kept many of the same customs. D. It was the divine right of Americans to move west.

5. Why is there an angel in this painting? (Answer must be at least three sentences) ______

6. Vocabulary Term: Manifest Destiny: Was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. It has also been used to advocate and justify other territorial acquisitions. Advocates of Manifest Destiny believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious (“manifest”) and certain (“destiny”). Originally a political catch phrase of the 19th century, “Manifest Destiny” eventually became a standard historical term, often used as a synonym for the expansion of the United States across the North American continent.

DID YOU KNOW FACTS:

§ Some pioneers on the California Trail would pay as much as $100.00 for a glass of water (supply & demand)

§ PEOPLE BURRIED ALIVE – Strong evidence suggests that some people were buried alive because people on the trail were in such a hurry to beat the winter before it arrived. Some people would watch as their grave was being dug while they were still alive.

7. Read the information above, which did you know fact did you find to be the most interesting and why? ______ca_mlp_08-21_qxd 1/12/04 2:22 PM Page 98

NAME DATE ACTIVITY SHEET 13.3

Part A. Build Vocabulary Work with your partnerNotes to fill in :the manifest following Sunshine destiny Outline on manifest destiny.

What?

Who? When?

manifest destiny How? Where?

Why?

SupportingPart B. Cooperative details: Work With your group, complete the Chain-of-Events Chart below. List five ______key battles in the War with Mexico. The first battle is provided for you. ______Event Event ______attack at the Rio Grande ______Event ______Event ______

Event ©Copyright Company. Mifflin Littell/Houghton McDougal

98 Creating America Name: ______Date: ______U.S. History & Government – 7th Grade Westbury Middle School

Library of Congress In the 1850s trains were leaving Manifest Destiny? Washington for the West twice daily. 1. Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural to many Americans in the mid- nineteenth century. Like the Massachusetts Puritans who hoped to build a "city upon a hill, "courageous pioneers believed that America had a divine obligation to stretch the boundaries of their noble republic to the Pacific Ocean. Independence had been won in the Revolution. The spirit of nationalism that swept the nation in the next two decades demanded more territory. The idea that "every man is equal" fueled this optimism. Now, with territory up to the Mississippi River claimed and settled and the Louisiana Purchase explored, Americans headed west in droves. Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan coined the term "manifest destiny" in 1845 to describe the essence of this mindset.

A symbol of Manifest Destiny, the figure "Columbia"

moves across the land in advance of settlers, replacing

darkness with light and ignorance with civilization.

2. A re-awakening of religious beliefs in the United States caused another reason to go west.

Indeed, many settlers believed that God himself blessed the growth of the American nation. The Native Americans were considered heathens. By Christianizing the tribes, American missionaries believed they could save souls and they became among the first to cross the Mississippi River.

3. Economic (financial) motives were paramount for others. The fur trade had been dominated by European trading companies since colonial times. German immigrant John Jacob Astor was one of the first American businessmen to challenge the Europeans. He became a millionaire in the process. The desire for more land brought aspiring homesteaders (people setting up homes and farms) to the frontier (west). When gold was discovered in California in 1848, the number of migrants increased even more.

4. At the heart of manifest destiny was the pervasive (persistent) belief in American cultural and racial superiority. Native Americans had long been perceived as inferior, and efforts to "civilize" them had been widespread since the days of John Smith of Jamestown and Miles Standish. The Hispanics who ruled Texas and the profitable ports of California were also seen as "backward,” or not as advanced as Americans.

5. In 1840, the entire southwestern corner of the United States was controlled by foreign powers (shown in orange, the lighter color), and the territorial dispute over the Oregon Territory (northwest, light green) had not been settled. By 1850 the U.S. had control of lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific, covering almost all of today's continental United States.

6. Expanding the boundaries of the United States was in many ways a cultural war as well. The desire of southerners to find more lands suitable for cotton cultivation would eventually spread slavery to these regions. North of the Mason-Dixon line, many citizens were deeply concerned about adding any more slave states. Manifest destiny touched on issues of religion, money, race, patriotism, and morality.

Elements of Manifest Destiny How this element of Manifest Destiny was used to justify U.S. expansion?

Americans felt they could settle west. It was the Patriotism most natural & divine obligation thing to do

considering the land was available. Settlers did not care about the Native Americans who lived there; (Eurocentric) view of the world. Americans felt they were the most important people NOT anyone else. § Thanks to President Andrew Jackson (Jacksonian Democracy) ALL WHITE MEN could vote and own land regardless of wealth or property ownership. All white men created equal!

Religion

Economics

$ Money $

Race

Culture

PART 2: ART HISTORY

Circle and List ALL symbols you see in the picture above.

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NAME DATE ACTIVITY SHEET 13.3

Part A. Build Vocabulary WorkBORAD with your partnerNOTES to fill in– the ADDITIONAL following Sunshine Outline TIME on PERMITS manifest destiny.

What?

Who? When?

manifest destiny How? Where?

Why?

Part B. Cooperative Work With your group, complete the Chain-of-Events Chart below. List five Answer Key key battles in the War with Mexico. The first battle is provided for you.

Event Event attack at the Rio Grande Chapter 13, Section 3

Part A. Build VocabularyEvent Event Possible Responses: Who—white settlers wanting to move west; What—expansion to possess the whole North American continent;

When—largelyEvent in the 1840s; Where—west; Why—people believed ©Copyright Company. Mifflin Littell/Houghton McDougal that expansion was not only good but bound to happen; How—lands were obtained through a war with Mexico

Part B. Cooperative Work P ossible Responses: attack at the Rio Grande; the fall of New Mexico; 98 Creating the America Bear Flag Revolt; the Battle of Buena Vista; the Battle of Veracruz; the Battle of Chapultepec

8. Label the Venn diagram and compare and contrast the North and South below:

9. List three reasons or causes for the Mexican—American War / Why were they fighting?

A. ______B. ______C. ______10. What group of Americans sought religious freedom in the West? A. mountain men C. Mormons B. Tejanos D. Texans