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Intertextuality and Voice in the Early Modern English Controversy About Women
ABSTRACT Title of Document: CONTEXT MATTERS: INTERTEXTUALITY AND VOICE IN THE EARLY MODERN ENGLISH CONTROVERSY ABOUT WOMEN Maggie Ellen Ray, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed By: Professor Theresa Coletti, Department of English Professor Jane Donawerth, Department of English This dissertation examines three clusters of works from the early modern English controversy about women—the debate about the merits and flaws of womankind—in order to argue that authors in the controversy took advantage of the malleability of women’s voices to address issues beyond the worth of women. I depart from standard treatments of the controversy by giving priority to the intertextual contexts among works that engage with one another. Attending to the intertextual elements of this genre reveals the metapoetic concerns of the authors and the way such authors fashion their feminine apologists as discursive agents in order to express those concerns. Chapter 1 examines Edward Gosynhyll’s sixteenth-century works in tandem with Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Legend of Good Women and “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale,” arguing that Gosynhyll’s revisions of Chaucer—revisions embodied by the feminine apologists in the texts—are integral to his project of establishing the controversy genre as multivalent and dialectical. The resulting metacommentary examines in a new light the age-old rhetorical tradition of exemplarity, a persuasive tool used in diverse literary genres. Chapter 2 considers the way the anonymous play Swetnam the Woman-Hater uses cross-voicing and cross-dressing to establish the performative nature of controversy conventions. In doing so, the play argues for the social benefits of abandoning essentialist logic in favor of gender performance, as such performance makes the role of apologist available to men and women alike. -
The Future Francis Beaumont
3340 Early Theatre 20.2 (2017), 201–222 http://dx.doi.org/10.12745/et.20.2.3340 Eoin Price The Future Francis Beaumont This essay attends to Beaumont’s recent performance and reception history, docu- menting a range of academic and popular responses to demonstrate the challenges and affordances of engaging with Beaumont’s plays. The first section examines sev- eral twenty-first century performances of Beaumont plays, focusing especially on the Globe’s stimulating production of The Knight of the Burning Pestle. The second sec- tion considers how Beaumont was both acknowledged and ignored in 2016, the year of his 400th anniversary. The final section suggests some avenues for further research into the performance of Beaumont’s plays. In 1613, illness caused one of the greatest writers of the age to retire from play- wrighting, paving the way for his principal collaborator, John Fletcher, to become the main dramatist for the King’s Men, the company for whom he had writ- ten some of his most popular plays. Three years later, the London literary scene mourned his death. Tributes continued for decades and he was ultimately hon- oured with the posthumous publication of a handsome folio of his works. This is the familiar story of William Shakespeare. It is also the unfamiliar story of Francis Beaumont. The comparison of the two authors’ deaths I have just offered entails a degree of contrivance. Beaumont seemingly retired because he was incapacitated by a stroke, but Shakespeare’s reasons for retiring, and indeed, the nature of his retire- ment, are much less clear. -
Larson 1919 3424498.Pdf
The Treatment of Royalty_ In The Plays of Beaumont and Fletcher • .l!lphild Larson A Thesis submitted ·to the Department of English and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the .University of ·Kansas in partial fulfillment of the Requirements !or a Master's Degree. Approved~ t.,-/J ~ . _Dept~ June 1919. TABLE OF.CONTENTS. Preface. I. Introduction. II. An Analysis of the Plays in Which Royalty Appears. III. Types of Royalty Treated by Beaumont and Fletcher. IV. Divine Right in Beaumont and .Fletcher's Plays. V:. Beaumont and Fletcher's Purpose in Treating Royalty. Conclusion. Chronology of Beaumont ·and Fletcher's Plays in which ,Royalty Appear.a. Bibliography. Index of Characters· and Plays. PBEFACE . The Treatment of Royalty in Beaumont and Fletcher, was suggested by Professor W.S':•Johnson as a subject for this . ) ~ thesis. I~ has not been my task to distinguish the part of each dramatist in regard to authorship. S.inoe the Duke i~ these plays is treated as a Sovereign ruler, he has been included in the study of royalty ·~as ;well as the King, Queen, Prince,. and Princess. I wish to extend my gratitude to Professor W.S.Johnson for his kind and helpful .criti_oi·sm in the preparation of this thesis, and also to Professor S.L.Whitoomb for his beneficial and.needful suggestions• A.• L. ' 1. INTRODUCTION Iri order to appreciate the sy.mpathies and interests of Beaumont and Fletcher, we need to have , a general knowledge· of the national life of England during their time. We also need to know something about the English drama of .this per- iod to understand why our dramatists favored the treatment of·. -
The Maid's Tragedy ; And, Philaster
Tufts College Library FROM THE FUND ESTABLISHED BY ALUMNI IPR2422 .T5 Beaumont, Francis, 1584-1616. The maid’s tragedy, and Philaster 39090000737565 die 2MIe0?tlettre0 ^eneg SECTION III THE ENGLISH DRAMA FROM ITS BEGINNING TO THE PRESENT DAY GENERAL EDITOR GEORGE PIERCE BAKER PROFESSOR OF DRAMATIC LITERATURE IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/maidstragedyandp01beau The Blackfriars’ Theatre Reproduced, by permission from the collection of E, Gardner, Esq., London. THE MAID’S TRAGEDY AND PHILASTER By FRANCIS BEAUMONT AND JOHN FLETCHER EDITED BY ASHLEY H. THORNDIKE, Ph.D. PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE IN NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BOSTON, U.S.A., AND LONDON D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS COPYRIGHT, 1906, BY D. C. HEATH & CO. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED /X3f?3 YR 242. 3- i 'Bfograp^ Francis Beaumont, third son of Sir Francis Beaumont of Grace Dieu in Leicestershire, one of the Justices of Common Pleas, was born about 1585 and died March 6, 1616. He was admitted gentleman commoner at Broadgates Hall, Oxford, in 1597, and was entered at the Inner Temple, London, November 3, 1600. He was married to Ursula, daughter of Henry Isley of Sundridge, Kent, probably in 1613, and left two daughters (one a posthumous child). He was buried in Westminster Abbey. John Fletcher, son of Richard Fletcher, Bishop of London, was baptized at Rye in Sussex, where his father was then minister, December 20, 1579, and died of the plague in August, 1625. He was entered as a pensioner at Bene’t College, Cambridge, 1 591. His father as Dean of Peterborough attended Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheringay, and was later rapidly promoted to the sees of Bristol, Worcester, and London. -
Much Virtue in O-Oh: a Case Study
3201 Early Theatre 20.2 (2017), 121–140 http://dx.doi.org/10.12745/et.20.2.3201 Alan C. Dessen Much Virtue in O-Oh: A Case Study The ‘O, o, o, o’ that follows Hamlet’s ‘The rest is silence’ in Shakespeare’s first folio has often been derided, but this signal is found in five other Shakespeare plays and in the works of dramatists as varied as Jonson, Middleton, Fletcher, Massinger, and Brome to indicate that a figure is dying, mortally wounded, or sick, or to generate a comic effect. Shakespeare was adept at using the tools at hand, but to understand his dis- tinctive implementation of those tools requires a working knowledge of the theatrical vocabulary shared at that time by playwrights, players, and playgoers. For a reader of the first folio, Hamlet’s last utterance is not the much discussed and much admired word ‘silence’ but a sound, printed as ‘O, o, o, o’ (TLN 3847),1 and followed by ‘Dyes’. Those four Os, to put it mildly, have not fared well on the page or on the stage. A notable exception is G.R. Hibbard’s 1987 single volume Oxford edition that replaces them with ‘He gives a long sigh’ and adds a note: ‘In thus “translating” Fs “O,o,o,o,” which has been the object of unjustified derision, I follow the suggestion of E.A.J. Honigmann’.2 Other editors rarely agree with Hibbard, and, as a result, relatively few theatrical professionals have experimented with the folio signal.3 The citation to Honigmann is to a single page of his overview on stage direc- tions of the period where he invokes the term crypto-directions, ‘some of which appear to have served as short-hand directions for a great variety of noises’. -
Righteous Anger, Patriarchal Anxiety and the Swetnam Controversy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8088-178-5.04 Natalia Brzozowska Kujawy and Pomorze University, Bydgoszcz REVISITING THE JACOBEAN WAR OF THE SEXES: RIGHTEOUS ANGER, PATRIARCHAL ANXIETY AND THE SWETNAM CONTROVERSY he essay seeks to explore the Early Modern English querelle des T femmes and how the role of women in Early Modern society was discussed through a new wave of pamphlets and plays during the reign of James I. It may be noticed that Jacobean patriarchy was a much less stable construct than is commonly thought, and that the overt misogyny of James I and his supporters was an anxious reaction to the possibility of women gaining more independence in the period of economic and political transition after Elizabeth I’s death, which could pose a potential threat to the patriarchal family, a unit on which the reign of James was modelled. The Jacobean period is also the first time women responded personally to misogynistic pamphlets— most notably, Swetnam’s Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward and Inconstant Women—and responded with righteous anger, as evidenced by the pamphlets of Rachel Speght, Ester Sowernam and Constantia Munda. What is more, the debate entered the world of drama: Beaumont and Fletcher’s The Woman Hater (published in 1607, before the Swetnam controversy yet mirroring the gender issues of the time) and the anonymous Swetnam the Woman Hater Arraigned by Women (1620) seem to redraw the boundaries for “just” female anger, what is more, they make the misogynistic characters appear angry in a petty and hyster- ical way, a behaviour hitherto attributed to the “weaker” sex. -
This Essay Is Not for Wider Distribution. Thank You. The
This essay is not for wider distribution. Thank you. The Dearth of the Author Eoin Price ([email protected]) (@eoin_price) 1613 was an annus horribilis for the King’s Men. On June 29, the Globe burned down during a production of Shakespeare and Fletcher’s Henry VIII. By the end of the year, one half of that play’s collaborative team had retired. While the King’s Men rebuilt the Globe, replacing Shakespeare – a writer, a sharer, an actor – was a tougher task. It was a task made harder by the untimely retirement of the stroke-stricken Francis Beaumont, Fletcher’s younger but more senior collaborative partner.1 Beaumont was by this point a big draw for the King’s Men. Having moved from the boy companies, he and Fletcher co-wrote Philaster (1609), A King and No King (1611) and The Maid’s Tragedy (1611) for the King’s Men. Each was apparently a significant success and remained in the company’s repertory for decades.2 These losses surely represented bad news for the King’s Men, but Fletcher may have felt more ambivalent: the dual retirements of Shakespeare and Beaumont afforded him the opportunity to hold a more prominent position within the King’s Men. If there was such a thing as an immediate successor to Shakespeare, then it was Fletcher who best fit the bill. Unlike most writers of his generation, who moved from company to company in a bid to earn a living as a playwright, Fletcher wrote almost exclusively for the King’s Men from 1613. -
Beginning Beaumont [Presented at Beaumont400, King's College
Beginning Beaumont [Presented at Beaumont400, King’s College London, 12 March 2016] I want to begin by thanking Lucy for setting up this event. I doubt Beaumont400 will serve as a counterweight to the juggernaut of Shakespeare celebration heading our way like a badly mixed metaphor, but if it acts only as a tiny riposte it will have done the state some service. I also want to thank two other people, one who is here, one who is not: José Pérez Díez (who is) and Steve Orman (who isn't): last year they organised a conference in Canterbury on Beaumont’s best buddy John Fletcher at which I presented what was, I suppose, an earlier version of this paper. For the purpose of a Fletcher conference I found myself, if not exactly effacing Beaumont, then finding ways of relegating him to the margins. My point then was that we might rethink Fletcherian politics: that while Fletcher is routinely presented as staid, conservative, royalist, his plays might offer the possibility of something much more radical (or at least contentious and ambiguous); if we extend the privilege of ambiguity to Shakespeare, why not Fletcher? My intent wasn’t to say anything particular about the politics of Fletcher the man but I did implicitly assume I might say something about his plays – the problem is, he didn’t write them all alone and some of the examples I used, or could’ve used, to advance the case for a rebellious Fletcher involved plays he wrote with Beaumont. Nine months later and here I am again, approaching a similar issue from the other side. -
King's Research Portal
King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.12745/et.20.2.3337 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Munro, L. C. (2017). Beaumont's Lives. Early Theatre, 20(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.12745/et.20.2.3337 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
Comparative Plays (ESC: Comp) Lancaster University
Manual to accompany The Enhanced Shakespearean Corpus: Comparative Plays (ESC: Comp) Lancaster University 1. Design of the corpus The Enhanced Shakespearean Corpus: Comparative Plays (ESC: Comp) was compiled as a reference corpus for Shakespeare's plays for the Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's Language Project (AHRC grant reference AH/N002415/1) by Jane Demmen and Andrew Hardie (Lancaster University) with input from other project colleagues between 2016 and 2019. The corpus is similar in size to the canon of Shakespeare's plays overall (around 1 million words), and in its proportions of comedy, history and tragedy. It contains 46 plays by 24 playwrights (22 of whom are named, two of whom are anonymous), with first production dates ranging from 1584-1626 (compared to Shakespeare's plays, written circa 1590-1613). More detail on the compilation of the corpus, including annotation, can be found in Demmen (submitted, 2019). 2. Source texts used for the corpus The source texts of the ESC: Comp were all obtained from the Early English Books Online - Text Creation Partnership (EEBO-TCP); see further http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/tcp-eebo/. Each play-text is headed with bibliographic reference details from EEBO-TCP including the Short Title Catalogue (STC) number. 3. List of play-texts in the ESC: Comparative Plays corpus Play-text Author Title Date of first Date of first Date of ID production* publication* edition in corpus Comedy CCCALEX John Lyly Alexander and Campaspe c.1583 1584 1584 CCCGALLA John Lyly Gallathea 1585 1592 1592 CCCFRIARA -
OLDER WOMEN in ELIZABETHAN and JACOBEAN DRAMA by YVONNE ORAM
OLDER WOMEN IN ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN DRAMA by YVONNE ORAM A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The Shakespeare Institute School of Humanities The University of Birmingham May, 2002 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. OLDER WOMEN IN ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN DRAMA by YVONNE ORAM ABSTRACT This thesis explores the presentation of older women on stage from 1558-1625, establishing that the character is predominantly pictured within the domestic sphere, as wife, mother, stepmother or widow. Specific dramatic stereotypes for these roles are identified, and compared and contrasted with historical material relating to older women. The few plays in which these stereotypes are subverted are fully examined. Stage nurse and bawd characters are also older women and this study reveals them to be imaged exclusively as matching stereotypes. Only four plays, Peele’s The Old Wives Tale, Fletcher’s Bonduca, and Antony and Cleopatra and The Winter’s Tale, by Shakespeare, reject stereotyping of the central older women. The Introduction sets out the methodology of this research, and Chapter 1 compares stage stereotyping of the older woman with evidence from contemporary sources. -
1 Keeping Boys and Men: Marvelous Pageboys in Romantic Tragicomedy Mary Trull St Olaf College [email protected] Modern Critics Ha
Keeping Boys and Men: Marvelous Pageboys in Romantic Tragicomedy Mary Trull St Olaf College [email protected] Modern critics have found the feminine pageboys of early Jacobean drama, those pretty, clever, ambiguously sexual darlings of fashionable gentlemen, compelling and puzzling figures. Catherine Belsey writes that ‘the drama helped… to construct an image we still recognize of “petty pretty pratlyng parling” little boys, capable of mischief, disarming precocity or deep sadness, and also of inviting adult indulgence’.1 The appeal of these feminine boys is difficult to categorize according to either early- or late-modern accounts of identity and desire. Moreover, in many plays of the early 1600s, pageboys embody a degraded service that contrasts with a nostalgically evoked feudal ideal. The genre of romantic tragicomedy emerging in the years 1608-13 gave pageboys a new dramatic function: they became miraculous figures exemplifying virtuous service. Romance, as critics have noted, gives the tragicomedies of this period their emphasis on wonder and on miraculous plot twists; but satire also invests these plays with elements of cultural critique and self-reflexivity. Why do pageboys, in particular, embody this mix of genres, affects, and social tensions in this period? Recent scholarship on twentieth-century ‘cuteness’ as a ‘minor aesthetic category’, in the words of Sianne Ngai, opens a door to seeing how the diminutive, abject, and appealing aspects of pageboys operates in a context of early modern concerns over wealth and commodification.2 While the aesthetic mode of cuteness registers discomfiting aspects of twentieth-century consumerism, the compelling, sexually ambiguous boys of tragicomedy offer a marvelous and reassuring resolution to concerns about wealth and 1 Catherine Belsey, ‘Shakespeare’s Little Boys: Theatrical Apprenticeship and the Construction of Childhood’, in Rematerializing Shakespeare: Authority and Representation on the Early Modern Stage, ed.