DOCSLIB.ORG

Proposal Cover Page

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proposal Cover Page PROPOSAL COVER PAGE Sponsor: Hatch-Individual Hatch-Multidisciplinary McIntire-Stennis-Individual McIntire-Stennis Multidisciplinary Project Title: Pratylenchus penetrans as a pest of soybean Will this proposal have an integrated/extension component? Is this proposal related to an official Multistate project? YES NO YES NO Is this a revision of a previous proposal? If yes, which Multistate project number? YES NO NC1197 Which USDA National Priorities does this proposal link to? Global Food Security: Crops and Agronomic Plants Global Food Security: Livestock and Poultry Climate Change and Energy Needs Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Nutrition Food Safety Education and Science Literacy Rural Prosperity Which USDA Knowledge Area(s) does this proposal link to? Insert Code(s) 212 Project Period: 10/01/2017 to 09/30/18 09/30/19 09/30/20 09/30/21 Individual Name (lastname, firstname) 9 month or 12 month appointment Principal Investigator: MacGuidwin, Ann 9 month 12 month Department Plant Pathology Individual Name (lastname, firstname) 9 month or 12 month appointment Co-PI(s): 9 month 12 month 9 month 12 month 9 month 12 month Summary Budget Request: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Research Assistant Salary: 22,081 22,081 0 0 Student Hourly/LTE Salary: 1,540 462 0 0 Total RA and Student HourlyWages: 23,621 22,543 0 0 Fringe Benefits: 5,314 5,288 0 0 Supplies: 4,000 1,000 0 0 Travel: 500 100 0 0 Total Request: 33,435 28,931 0 0 Summary of Proposed Work: Total Award Budget: 62,366 The genus Pratylenchus is the most common nematode pest of soybean in Wisconsin. Three of the five species shown to damage soybean under controlled conditions have been reported here. One, P. penetrans, is known to cause yield loss for other crops in Wisconsin so our first objective is to develop a model to estimate the percentage of soybean yield lost as a function of P. penetrans population density. This will be the first damage function model of the P. penetrans/soybean interaction based on field-scale data. We will use the results to raise awareness about nematode pests and to improve feedback by our diagnostic service. The prevalence of different species of Pratylenchus is not known for Wisconsin so objective two is to identify bisexual species to test the hypothesis that P. penetrans is the prevalent bisexual species in Wisconsin. About half of the 89 currently recognized Pratylenchus species are bisexual (comprised of males and females) as are four of the five species with demonstrated pathogenicity to soybean. Eight bisexual species are on record for Wisconsin so this research is important for assessing the frequency and distribution of known soybean pests and presents opportunity to discover species new to Wisconsin or science. We observed in previous work that P. penetrans males do less damage to roots than females so our third objective is to characterize gender differences in feeding activities and host tissue response. This research will be useful for future studies aimed at identifying parasitism genes and their expression in P. penetrans. Reviewer Names Please provide names and contact information (department and email address) for at least three independent reviewers you believe are especially well qualified to review this proposal. They should have no conflicts of interest with the proposal PIs. A conflict of interest constitutes anyone with whom the applicant has collaborated or published research in the previous three year period. You may also provide names of reviewers whom you would prefer not to review this proposal and indicate why. Reviewer Name/Department Email Address Patty McManus Plant Pathology [email protected] Russ Groves Entomology [email protected] Glen Stanosz Forest and Wildlife Ecology [email protected] WORKSHEET FOR PROJECT BUDGET Detailed Budget for Year: 1 Project Title: Pratylenchus penetrans as a pest of soybean Project Period: 10/01/2017 -- 09/30/2018 Individual Name (lastname, firstname) % Effort on Project (Will be Payrolled Effort) Principal Investigator: MacGuidwin, Ann 10% Co-PI(s): Salaries/Wages & Fringe Benefits: Salary/ Individual Name Wage Salaries/ Fringe Budget Category (lastname, firstname) Base Months Effort Wages Rate (%) Fringes Research Assistant: Kanan Kutsuwa 44,162 12 50% 22,081 23.9% 5,277 (annual base) (# months) (appt %) Student Hourly/LTE: TBD 11.00 7 20 1,540 2.4% 37 (hourly rate) (hrs/week) (# weeks) Subtotal 23,621 5,314 Supplies & Travel: Supplies (provide detail below*): 4,000 Travel: 500 Experimental Animals: Subtotal: 500 Page Charges (direct result of Hatch project only): Survey Costs (i.e., printing, postage) Subtotal: 4,000 Year 1 Total Budget Request: 33,435 *Details regarding Supplies and Travel [include one-time computer/printer requests/justification]: Growth chamber rental (obj 1) = $700 per experiment x 2 experiments = $1,400; supplies for nematode assays (obj. 1) = $500; supplies for in vitro cultures for inoculum and studies (obj 3) = $500; field supplies (obj 1) = $300; supplies for molecular identification (obj. 2) including DNA extraction kits, primers, chemicals, sequencing costs, etc. = $1,300. Travel = vehicle rental to travel to field plots WORKSHEET FOR PROJECT BUDGET Detailed Budget for Year: 2 Project Title: Pratylenchus penetrans as a pest of soybean Project Period: 10/01/2018 -- 09/30/2019 Individual Name (lastname, firstname) % Effort on Project (Will be Payrolled Effort) Principal Investigator: MacGuidwin, Ann 10% Co-PI(s): Salaries/Wages & Fringe Benefits: Salary/ Individual Name Wage Salaries/ Fringe Budget Category (lastname, firstname) Base Months Effort Wages Rate (%) Fringes Research Assistant: Kanan Kutsuwa 44,162 12 50% 22,081 23.9% 5,277 (annual base) (# months) (appt %) Student Hourly/LTE: TBD 11.00 7 6 462 2.4% 11 (hourly rate) (hrs/week) (# weeks) Subtotal 22,543 5,288 Supplies & Travel: Supplies (provide detail below*): 1,000 Travel: 100 Experimental Animals: Subtotal: 100 Page Charges (direct result of Hatch project only): Survey Costs (i.e., printing, postage) Subtotal: 1,000 Year 2 Total Budget Request: 28,931 *Details regarding supplies and travel [include one-time computer/printer requests/justification]: General lab supplies (nematode culture, assays) = $300, supplies and sequencing services (obj 2) = $700 and travel to field plots for sampling and harvest 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Major Activities Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 coursework, prepare for and take prelim X X X finish field 2 season (obj 1) X develop model (obj 1) X X X X field season 3 (obj 1) X X X validate and modify model (obj 1) X X growth chamber dose/response experiments (obj 1) X X X X X morphologcial analysis and culture initiation (obj 2) X X X X X molecular identification (obj 2) X X X X X in vitro histopathology experiments (obj 3) X X X X write thesis X X defend thesis / graduate X Pratylenchus penetrans as a Pest of Soybean in Wisconsin Summary The genus Pratylenchus is the most common nematode pest of soybean in Wisconsin. Three of the five species shown to damage soybean under controlled conditions have been reported here. One, P. penetrans, is known to cause yield loss for other crops in Wisconsin so our first objective is to develop a model to estimate the percentage of soybean yield lost as a function of P. penetrans population density. This will be the first damage function model of the P. penetrans/soybean interaction based on field-scale data. We will use the results to raise awareness about nematode pests and to improve feedback by our diagnostic service. The prevalence of different species of Pratylenchus is not known for Wisconsin so objective two is to identify bisexual species to test the hypothesis that P. penetrans is the prevalent bisexual species in Wisconsin. About half of the 89 currently recognized Pratylenchus species are bisexual (comprised of males and females) as are four of the five species with demonstrated pathogenicity to soybean. Eight bisexual species are on record for Wisconsin so this research is important for assessing the frequency and distribution of known soybean pests and presents opportunity to discover species new to Wisconsin or science. We made observations in previous work that P. penetrans males do less damage to roots than females so our third objective is to characterize gender differences in feeding activities and host tissue response to male and female nematodes. This research will be useful for future studies aimed at identifying parasitism genes in P. penetrans. 1 Results from Previous Hatch Support: Current Individual Hatch (2012-2016): Practical Management of Nematodes on Corn, Soybean, and Other Crops of Regional Importance: Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus penetrans to Corn Toby Lunt completed his M.S. degree in Agroecology and Plant Pathology in 2014 and his M. S. project, “Investigating relationships between Pratylenchus penetrans and Fusarium verticillioides on corn seedlings” contributed important background to the Ph.D project of Tomas Rush, who joined the lab in 2014 and was funded by Hatch in 2015 to 2016. Toby found no evidence of a synergistic interaction for the nematode and fungus and his data indicated that the association might actually be detrimental to the nematode. Toby’s results were not conclusive enough to publish, but will be incorporated in papers written by Tomas Rush. Tomas recently completed an experiment with strong data confirming that the presence of the nematode does not alter corn seedling disease initiated from F. verticilliodes-infected seed. Like Toby, Tomas found the relationship between F. verticilliodes and P. penetrans was antagonistic to the nematode. Corn producers are anxious to know if nematicidal seed treatments should be considered in fields at risk for F.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Non-Fumigant Alternative Soil Management Practices for Mitigating Replant Disease of Fruit Trees
    NON-FUMIGANT ALTERNATIVE SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR MITIGATING REPLANT DISEASE OF FRUIT TREES: MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS SUPPRESSION by Tristan Tanner Watson B.Sc. (Honours), The University of British Columbia, 2013 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Biology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2018 © Tristan Tanner Watson, 2018 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a dissertation entitled: NON-FUMIGANT ALTERNATIVE SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR MITIGATING REPLANT DISEASE OF FRUIT TREES: MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS SUPPRESSION submitted by Tristan Tanner Watson in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy . Dr. Louise Nelson, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Co-supervisor Dr. Thomas Forge, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Co-supervisor Dr. Melanie Jones, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisory Committee Member Dr. José Úrbez-Torres, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Paul Shipley, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University Examiner Dr. Mario Tenuta, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba External Examiner ii Abstract Replant disease presents a significant barrier to the reestablishment of orchards. In the Okanagan Valley, Canada, the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, is widely distributed and implicated in poor growth of newly planted fruit trees. Restrictions on soil fumigants have generated interest in alternative management strategies for disease control. Using a combination of greenhouse and field experiments, this dissertation evaluated the effects of composts, bark chip mulch, biocontrol inoculation, and two different irrigation systems (drip emitter and microsprinkler) on the establishment of apple and sweet cherry trees in old orchard soil, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Development of Root Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus Spp
    Türk. entomol. derg., 2021, 45 (1): 23-31 ISSN 1010-6960 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.753614 E-ISSN 2536-491X Original article (Orijinal araştırma) Investigation of the development of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) in three chickpea cultivars Kök lezyon nematodlarının, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) üç nohut çeşidinde gelişmesinin incelenmesi İrem AYAZ1 Ece B. KASAPOĞLU ULUDAMAR1* Tohid BEHMAND1 İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOĞLU1 Abstract In this study, penetration, population changes and reproduction rates of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924), Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) and Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae), at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 d after inoculation in chickpea Bari 2, Bari 3 (Cicer reticulatum Ladiz) and Cermi [Cicer echinospermum P.H.Davis (Fabales: Fabaceae)] were assessed in a controlled environment room in 2018-2019. No juveniles were observed in the roots in the first 3 d after inoculation. Although, population density of P. thornei reached the highest in Cermi (21 d), Bari 3 (42 d) and the lowest observed on Bari 2. Pratylenchus neglectus reached the highest population density in Bari 3 and Cermi on day 28. The population density of P. neglectus was the lowest in Bari 2. Also, population density of P. penetrans reached the highest in Bari 3 cultivar within 49 d, similar to P. thornei, whereas Bari 2 and Cermi had low population densities during the entire experimental period. Keywords:
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Pratylenchus Dunensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae
    Nematology, 2006, Vol. 8(1), 79-88 Description of Pratylenchus dunensis sp.n.(Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a root-lesion nematode associated with the dune grass Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link ∗ Eduardo DE LA PEÑA 1, , Maurice MOENS 1,2, Adriaan VA N AELST 3 and Gerrit KARSSEN 4,5 1 Agricultural Research Centre, Crop Protection Department, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium 2 Gent University, Laboratory for Agrozoology, Coupure 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium 3 Wageningen University & Research Centre, Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Plant Protection Service, Nematology Section, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands 5 Wageningen University & Research Centre, Laboratory of Nematology, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands Received: 4 April 2005; revised: 7 November 2005 Accepted for publication: 7 November 2005 Summary – A root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n., is described and illustrated from Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, a grass occurring abundantly in coastal dunes of Atlantic Europe. The new species is characterised by medium sized (454-579 µm) slender, vermiform, females and males having two lip annuli (sometimes three to four; incomplete incisures only visible with scanning electron microscopy), medium to robust stylet (ca 16 µm) with robust stylet knobs slightly set off, long pharyngeal glands (ca 42 µm), lateral field with four parallel, non-equidistant, lines, the middle ridge being narrower than the outer ones, lateral field with partial areolation and lines converging posterior to the phasmid which is located between the two inner lines of the lateral field in the posterior half of the tail, round spermatheca filled with round sperm, vulva at 78% of total body length and with protruding vulval lips, posterior uterine sac relatively short (ca 19 µm), cylindrical tail (ca 33 µm) narrowing in the posterior third with smooth tail tip and with conspicuous hyaline part (ca 2 µm).
    [Show full text]
  • Nematodes and Agriculture in Continental Argentina
    Fundam. appl. NemalOl., 1997.20 (6), 521-539 Forum article NEMATODES AND AGRICULTURE IN CONTINENTAL ARGENTINA. AN OVERVIEW Marcelo E. DOUCET and Marîa M.A. DE DOUCET Laboratorio de Nematologia, Centra de Zoologia Aplicada, Fant/tad de Cien.cias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla df Correo 122, 5000 C6rdoba, Argentina. Acceplecl for publication 5 November 1996. Summary - In Argentina, soil nematodes constitute a diverse group of invertebrates. This widely distributed group incJudes more than twO hundred currently valid species, among which the plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes are the most remarkable. The former includes species that cause damages to certain crops (mainly MeloicU:igyne spp, Nacobbus aberrans, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and Xiphinema index), the latter inc1udes various species of the Mermithidae family, and also the genera Steinernema and Helerorhabditis. There are few full-time nematologists in the country, and they work on taxonomy, distribution, host-parasite relationships, control, and different aspects of the biology of the major species. Due tO the importance of these organisms and the scarcity of information existing in Argentina about them, nematology can be considered a promising field for basic and applied research. Résumé - Les nématodes et l'agriculture en Argentine. Un aperçu général - Les nématodes du sol représentent en Argentine un groupe très diversifiè. Ayant une vaste répartition géographique, il comprend actuellement plus de deux cents espèces, celles parasitant les plantes et les insectes étant considèrées comme les plus importantes. Les espèces du genre Me/oi­ dogyne, ainsi que Nacobbus aberrans, Dùylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans et Xiphinema index représentent un réel danger pour certaines cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Burrowing Nematode Radopholus Similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae: Pratylenchinae)1 Nicholas Sekora and William T
    EENY-542 Burrowing Nematode Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae: Pratylenchinae)1 Nicholas Sekora and William T. Crow2 Introduction by fine textured soils rich in organic matter. However, soil texture plays a less important role on nematode population Radopholus similis, the burrowing nematode, is the most levels on banana (O’Bannon 1977). economically important nematode parasite of banana in the world. Infection by burrowing nematode causes toppling disease of banana, yellows disease of pepper and spreading Life Cycle and Biology decline of citrus. These diseases are the result of burrowing Burrowing nematode is an endoparasitic migratory nema- nematode infection destroying root tissue, leaving plants tode, meaning it completes its life cycle within root tissue. with little to no support or ability to take up water and All motile juvenile stages and females can infect root tissue translocate nutrients. Because of the damage that it causes at any point along the length of a root. After root penetra- to citrus, ornamentals and other agricultural industries, tion, these life stages mainly feed and migrate into the worldwide, burrowing nematode is one of the most regu- cortical parenchyma and also into the stele. Mature males lated nematode plant pests (Hockland et al. 2006). of burrowing nematode are not infective. As the mature females migrate through root tissue, they lay eggs that are Distribution produced through either sexual reproduction with males or by hermaphroditistim (Thorne 1961, Kaplan and Burrowing nematode is native to Australasia, but is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Opperman 2000). Once an egg hatches, the emergent Asia, Australia, North and South America, and many second-stage juvenile can migrate within the root and island regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S Rdna
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of February 1997 Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA Luma Al-Banna University of Jordan, [email protected] Valerie M. Williamson University of California, Davis, [email protected] Scott Lyell Gardner University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Al-Banna, Luma; Williamson, Valerie M.; and Gardner, Scott Lyell, "Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA" (1997). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 52. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/52 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (ISSN: 1055-7903), vol. 7, no. 1 (February 1997): 94-102. Article no. FY960381. Copyright 1997, Academic Press. Used by permission. Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA Luma Al-Banna*, Valerie Williamson*, and Scott Lyell Gardner1 *Department of Nematology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95676-8668 1H. W. Manter Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, W-529 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0514; [email protected] Fax: (402) 472-8949.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Phylogeny, Characterization and Diagnostics of Root-Knot and Lesion Nematodes
    Diversity, phylogeny, characterization and diagnostics of root-knot and lesion nematodes Toon Janssen Promotors: Prof. Dr. Wim Bert Prof. Dr. Gerrit Karssen Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of doctor in Sciences, Biology Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het bekomen van de graad van doctor in de Wetenschappen, Biologie 1 Table of contents Acknowledgements Chapter 1: general introduction 1 Organisms under study: plant-parasitic nematodes .................................................... 11 1.1 Pratylenchus: root-lesion nematodes ..................................................................................... 13 1.2 Meloidogyne: root-knot nematodes ....................................................................................... 15 2 Economic importance ..................................................................................................... 17 3 Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes .................................................................. 19 4 Variability in reproduction strategies and genome evolution ..................................... 22 5 Aims .................................................................................................................................. 24 6 Outline of this study ........................................................................................................ 25 Chapter 2: Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of recent reticulate evolution. 1 Abstract
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Heterodera Glycines</I> Ichinohe
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture Agronomy and Horticulture Department Summer 8-5-2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Perez-Hernandez University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Perez-Hernandez, Oscar, "MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA" (2013). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA by Oscar Pérez-Hernández A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Agronomy (Plant Pathology) Under the Supervision of Professor Loren J. Giesler Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Pérez-Hernández, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Pratylenchus Gutierrezi N. Sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae
    Journal of Nematology 24(2):298-304. 1992. © The Society of Nematologists 1992. Description of Pratylenchus 9utierrezi n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) from Coffee in Costa Rica A. MORGAN GOLDEN, 1 ROGER L6PEZ CH., 2 AND HERNAN VILCHEZ R. 2 Abstract: A lesion nematode, Pratylenchu6 gutierrezi n. sp., collected from the roots of coffee in the Central Plateau of Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. Its relationships to Pratylenchusflakkensis, P. similis, and P. gibbicaudatus, the only other species of the genus having two head annules, males, or spermatheca with sperm, and an annulated tail terminus, is discussed. Other distinctive characters are its posterior vulva (mean of 80%); its prominently rounded stylet knobs, low head, and subcy- lindrical tail. SEM observations provide additional details of females and males, especially face views, which show for the first time sexual dimorphism. Key words: Coffea arabica, Costa Rica, lesion nematode, morphology, nematode, new species, Pra- tylenchus flakkensis, P. gibbicaudatus, P. gutierrezi n. sp., P. similis, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, taxonomy. Certain species of lesion nematodes to be a new Pratylenchus species, which is (Pratylenchus spp.) are important parasites described and illustrated herein. of coffee (Coffea spp.). In a recent excellent review of nematodes reported to occur on MATERIALS AND METHODS coffee (1), the following five Pratylenchus species were listed: P. brachyurus (Godfrey, Nematodes were extracted from in- 1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, fected coffee roots by placing chopped or 1941; P. coffeae (Zimmermann, 1889) Fil- blenderized roots on filter paper over wa- ipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941; P. ter in a Baermann funnel. Specimens were goodeyi Sher & Alien, 1953; P.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Metabarcoding Primers for Analysis of Soil Nematode Communities
    diversity Article Evaluation of Metabarcoding Primers for Analysis of Soil Nematode Communities Md. Maniruzzaman Sikder 1,2 , Mette Vestergård 1 , Rumakanta Sapkota 3 , Tina Kyndt 4 and Mogens Nicolaisen 1,* 1 Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; [email protected] (M.M.S.); [email protected] (M.V.) 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, 1342 Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [email protected] 4 Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-24757668 Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 7 October 2020; Published: 9 October 2020 Abstract: While recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have accelerated research in microbial ecology, the application of high throughput approaches to study the ecology of nematodes remains unresolved due to several issues, e.g., whether to include an initial nematode extraction step or not, the lack of consensus on the best performing primer combination, and the absence of a curated nematode reference database. The objective of this method development study was to compare different primer sets to identify the most suitable primer set for the metabarcoding of nematodes without initial nematode extraction. We tested four primer sets for amplicon sequencing: JB3/JB5 (mitochondrial, I3-M11 partition of COI gene), SSU_04F/SSU_22R (18S rRNA, V1-V2 regions), and Nemf/18Sr2b (18S rRNA, V6-V8 regions) from earlier studies, as well as MMSF/MMSR (18S rRNA, V4-V5 regions), a newly developed primer set.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review
    diversity Review Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review Stela Lazarova 1,* , Danny Coyne 2 , Mayra G. Rodríguez 3 , Belkis Peteira 3 and Aurelio Ciancio 4,* 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kasarani, Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya; [email protected] 3 National Center for Plant and Animal Health (CENSA), P.O. Box 10, Mayabeque Province, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; [email protected] (M.G.R.); [email protected] (B.P.) 4 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, 70126 Bari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (A.C.); Tel.: +359-8865-32-609 (S.L.); +39-080-5929-221 (A.C.) Abstract: The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field Citation: Lazarova, S.; Coyne, D.; level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Pratylenchus
    Pratylenchus Taxonomy Class Secernentea Order Tylenchida Superfamily Tylenchoidea Family Pratylenchidae Genus Pratylenchus The genus name is derived from the words pratum (Latin= meadow), tylos (Greek= knob) and enchos ( Greek=spear). Originally described as Tylenchus pratensis by De Man in 1880 from a meadow in England. Pratylenchus scribneri was reported from potato in Tennessee in 1889. Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are recognised worldwide as major constraints of important economic crops, including banana, cereals, coffee, corn, legumes, peanut, potato and many fruits. Their economic importance in agriculture is due to their wide host range and their distribution in every terrestrial environment on the planet (Castillo and Vovlas, 2007). Plant‐parasitic nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are among the top three most significant nematode pests of crop and horticultural plants worldwide. There are more than 70 described species, most are polyphagous with a wide range of host plants. Because they do not form obvious feeding patterns characteristic of sedentary endoparasites (e.g. galls or cysts), and all worm‐like stages are mobile and can enter and leave host roots, it is more difficult to recognise their presence and the damage they cause. Morphology There are more than 70 described species, fewer than half of them are known to have males. Morphological identification of Pratylenchus species is difficult, requiring considerable subjective evaluation of characters and overlapping morphomertrics. Nematodes in this genus are 0.4-0.5 mm long (under 0.8 mm). No sexual dimorphism in the anterior part of the body. Deirids absent. Lip area low, flattened anteriorly, not offset, or only weakly offset, from body contour.
    [Show full text]