What Is the Meaning Behind the Meeting of Kerry and Janelidze? Salome Khvedelidze
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Two Basic Points in Georgian-German Relations
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Institute for European Studies Two Basic Points in Georgian-German Relations Giorgi Meskhi Student of Master’s Program in European Studies Supervisor: Professor Sergi Kapanadze Tbilisi 8 July 2011 1 Table of Contents I Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………3 II Preliminary Guidelines and Methodological Explanations …………………..6 III The Declaration of Independence ...................................................................11 1 Preliminary Period ...............................................................................................11 2 Independence as ‘the only way out’ ....................................................................16 3 After Independence............................................................................................ .21 IV The Restoration of Independence ...................................................................28 1 Way towards the Restoration of Independence....................................................28 2 Reunification of Germany ....................................................................................32 3 Between Independence and Reunification ..........................................................35 V Theoretical explanations …………………………………………………………...39 1 Political Realism is the Answer ………………………………………………………39 2 Political Realism is not always the Answer …………………………………………42 3 General Theoretical Explanations …………………………………………………...43 VI Conclusions ………………………………………………………………………….46 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………..48 -
Information As of August 1, 2016 Has Been Used in Preparation of This Directory
Information as of August 1, 2016 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Sec. Secretary VAdm. -
PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL of KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N O 27 — 2017 2
1 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N o 27 — 2017 2 E DITOR- IN-CHIEF David KOLBAIA S ECRETARY Sophia J V A N I A EDITORIAL C OMMITTEE Jan M A L I C K I, Wojciech M A T E R S K I, Henryk P A P R O C K I I NTERNATIONAL A DVISORY B OARD Zaza A L E K S I D Z E, Professor, National Center of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Alejandro B A R R A L – I G L E S I A S, Professor Emeritus, Cathedral Museum Santiago de Compostela Jan B R A U N (†), Professor Emeritus, University of Warsaw Andrzej F U R I E R, Professor, Universitet of Szczecin Metropolitan A N D R E W (G V A Z A V A) of Gori and Ateni Eparchy Gocha J A P A R I D Z E, Professor, Tbilisi State University Stanis³aw L I S Z E W S K I, Professor, University of Lodz Mariam L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emerita, Tbilisi State University Guram L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emeritus, Tbilisi State University Marek M ¥ D Z I K (†), Professor, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin Tamila M G A L O B L I S H V I L I, Professor, National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Lech M R Ó Z, Professor, University of Warsaw Bernard OUTTIER, Professor, University of Geneve Andrzej P I S O W I C Z, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Annegret P L O N T K E - L U E N I N G, Professor, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Tadeusz Ś W I Ę T O C H O W S K I (†), Professor, Columbia University, New York Sophia V A S H A L O M I D Z E, Professor, Martin-Luther-Univerity, Halle-Wittenberg Andrzej W O Ź N I A K, Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 3 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES No 27 — 2017 (Published since 1991) CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW WARSAW 2017 4 Cover: St. -
Wales Begin with Bonus-Point Victory Over Georgia
14 Tuesday, September 24, 2019 Sports Wales begin with Warm welcome for Qatar goalball champions bonus-point victory over Georgia Qatar’s goalball team was accorded a warm reception on its arrival in Doha on Sunday after winning the gold medal at the 2019 West Asian Para Games in Amman, Jordan. In the final match, Qatar defeated Iraq 9-7. Jassim bin Rashed al Buenain, Secretary-General of the Qatar Olympic Committee (QOC), Hamad Lahdan al Mohannadi, Director of the QOC Support Services Sector, Khaleel Ibrahim al Jabir, Director of the QOC Sport Affairs Department, Dr. Hassan al Ansari, Secretary-General of the Qatar Paralympic Committee, received the delegation at the Hamad International Airport. Tsonga bags Bairstow dropped fourth Metz ATP title from Test squad AFP AFP The first Test, at Mount METZ (FRANCE) LONDON Maunganui, starts on Novem- ber 21. The series is not in- JO-WILFRIED Tsonga won ENGLAND have dropped cluded in the new World Test the ATP tournament in Metz Jonny Bairstow from their Championship. for the fourth time Sunday fol- Test squad for the tour of New World Cup-winning cap- lowing a 6-7 (4/7), 7-6 (7/4), Zealand, with paceman James tain Eoin Morgan will captain 6-3 victory over Slovenia’s Al- Anderson unavailable for the the Twenty20 team, with the jaz Bedene. two-match series due to a calf five-match series starting on The 34-year-old Frenchman injury. November 1. added to his wins in 2011, 2012 Four uncapped players will and 2015 in Metz by claiming be on the plane -- Warwickshire Test squad: Joe Root (capt), Jofra Archer, the 18th title of his career. -
Personal Data Protection in Georgia Approaching World Standards
facebook.com/ georgiatoday www.ggeorgiatodayeorgiatoday..gege IssueIss no: 821 • FEBRUARY 26 - 29, 2016 • PUBLISHED TWICE WEEKLY PRICE: GEL 2.50 In this week’s issue... Read. Learn. Enjoy. Introducing Georgia Today/ Education NEWS PAGE 2 UK PM Strikes Deal over Special EU Status, Possible Brexit Looms POLITICS PAGE 5 Lying in Kim Chang-Gyu, the acting Wait: Camp Ambassador of South Korea to Georgia explains Burjanadze FOCUS how South Korea became ON DEVELOPMENT the success it is today, and what Georgia could learn AND EDUCATION from it PAGE 8 POLITICS PAGE 6 Meet the AlphaMedic Personal Data Protection in Georgia Consortium Members Approaching World Standards BUSINESS PAGE 9 Child Brides, Child Mothers BY MAKA LOMADZE PersonalData: arcserveafrica.co.za SOCIETY PAGE 10 ecently, a number of videos were shown on TV to educate citizens about personal data protection and Artist of the Month: The their rights. The Personal Data Protection Inspector’s Offi ce has Animal Portraits Rexisted in Georgia since 2013. According to the statistics of 2015, around 120 people applied, over of Tama 1200 consultations were given and 65 trainings and public lectures were delivered in which 1600 citizens took part. GEORGIA TODAY inter- Popkova- viewed Nino Tsagareishvili, representative of the Foreign Relations Department of the Inspec- Kapanadze tor’s Offi ce. Continued on page 2 CULTURE PAGE 15 GEORGIA TODAY 2 NEWS FEBRUARY 26 - 29, 2016 Read. Learn. Enjoy. Introducing Georgia Today/ Education ear friends and future readers, For us the process of Dlearning is so important that we’ve decided to dedicate an entire publication to it. -
Choosing NATO Over MAP
facebook.com/ georgiatoday wwwww.w.ggeorgiatodayeorgiatoday.ge Issue no:no: 817817 • FEBRUARY 12 - 15, 2016 • PUBLISHED TWICE WEEKLY PRICE: GEL 2.50 Choosing In this week’s issue... Dispute over Maestro TV NATO over Compared to Rustavi 2 Case NEWS PAGE 2 MAP ICC Investigation of 2008 War a Matter of Speculation? POLITICS PAGE 4 PM: Government Will Ensure FOCUS Transparent ON FOREIGN ADVICE and Free Appathurai: Georgia needs to focus on NATO rather than MAP Elections PAGE 4 POLITICS PAGE 5 New Offer from Dirsi: Government Finances Drug for Crazy, but True… BUSINESS PAGE 7 Breast Cancer Treatment Dem Bones: Ogden on the BY EKA KARSAULIDZE Health Service Davit Sergeenko, Minister of Health, Labor and Social SOCIETY PAGE 9 Affairs of Georgia bilisi City Hall, together with the Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs of Georgia, is to support the Italian and treatment of patients with early stage breast cancer. The cost of the joint Georgian Tprogram is 10 million Lari and includes providing patients with the expensive drug Herceptin. Friendship, Retold According to the initiative, people who suffer from HER2-positive breast cancer (I-III stages) in the Language will receive fi nancial assistance to buy the spe- cialist drug. The fi nancing conditions will differ of Music between Tbilisi citizens and those from the CULTURE PAGE 11 regions. Continued on page 10 Lucky 13. Where are You Going this Valentine’s Weekend? CULTURE PAGE 12 Resounding Win over Germany Brings Birthday Cheer to Georgian Coach Haig SPORTS PAGE 15 GEORGIA TODAY 2 NEWS FEBRUARY 12 - 15, 2016 Dispute over Maestro TV Annual Forum Compared to Rustavi 2 Case Emphasizes Women’s Role in Georgia told reporters that she wants to believe full potential for the betterment of social, BY TAMAR SVANIDZE that Levan and Gia Gachechiladze are economic and political life is an essential victims in the situation. -
Tapa 25 Va OK Maquetación 1
K Y M C Distribución gratuita en Violenta entradera: La Plata, Berisso, Ensenada 60.000 Entrega bajo puerta: $5,00 En Berazategui y Quilmes: atan y golpean a Precio de tapa: $5,00 Ejemplares Recargo Interior: $1,00 pareja de jubilados De distribución Año XXII • Nº7652 La Plata, viernes 25 de septiembre de 2015 - PAG. gratuita Edición de 24 páginas En la noticia 20 Colapso de la Negocios economía K infames Polémica decisión judicial habilita a la Barrick La resolución que afecta a los Fondos Comunes Gold a actuar con cianuro en San Juan. de Inversiones provocó que el dólar blue supere Rechazo popular a la medida. Autoridades los 16 pesos, la caída en las reservas del impiadosas con la vida humana Banco Central y el desplome de la Bolsa - PAG. 3 - PAGS. 4 Y 5 En un discurso histórico, el Papa fue ovacionado en el Capitolio Francisco fue el primer Pontífice en hablar en el Congreso de Estados Unidos. Dio fuertes definiciones sobre la inmigración, el tráfico de armas, la pena de muerte y el cambio climático. Fue aplaudido en 26 oportunidades. Hoy expondrá en las Naciones Unidas - PAG. 8 2 La Plata, viernes 25 de septiembre de 2015 Si afecta o no el caso Niembro, eso lo veremos cuando la gente decida. Nosotros queremos mostrar que nuestra manera de concebir la Argentina que se viene, es poniendo el HoyxHoy acento en la luz, en la claridad” x 24 Gabriela Michetti Breves con toda la información tardaron los custodios de la Policía Fede- Ciccone: nuevo revés judicial ral en ingresar al departamento; la que- “A Nisman lo mataron”: rella también duda sobre el arma que le para Amado Boudou habría prestado Diego Lagomarsino, ya que el propio Nisman tenía una en la bau- El multiprocesado vicepresidente, Amado Boudou, las pruebas de la querella lera de la casa de su madre; y así como sufrió otro revés judicial en la causa Ciccone, que se para la fiscal Fein no existen pruebas que encamina hacia el juicio oral. -
Information As of 1 November 2014 Has Been Used in Preparation of This Directory. PREFACE
Information as of 1 November 2014 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Page 2 of 211 Key to Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. -
Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921) by Dr
UDC 9 (479.22) 34 Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921) by Dr. Levan Z. Urushadze (Tbilisi, Georgia) ISBN 99940-0-539-1 The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG. “Sakartvelos Demokratiuli Respublika” in Georgian) was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia in 1918 - 1921. The DRG was established after the collapse of the Russian Tsarist Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its established borders were with Russia in the north, and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Turkey, Armenia, and Azerbaijan in the south. It had a total land area of roughly 107,600 km2 (by comparison, the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km2), and a population of 2.5 million. As today, its capital was Tbilisi and its state language - Georgian. THE NATIONAL FLAG AND COAT OF ARMS OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA A Trans-Caucasian house of representatives convened on February 10, 1918, establishing the Trans-Caucasian Democratic Federative Republic, which existed from February, 1918 until May, 1918. The Trans-Caucasian Democratic Federative Republic was managed by the Trans-Caucasian Commissariat chaired by representatives of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. On May 26, 1918 this Federation was abolished and Georgia declared its independence. Politics In February 1917, in Tbilisi the first meeting was organised concerning the future of Georgia. The main organizer of this event was an outstanding Georgian scientist and public benefactor, Professor Mikheil (Mikhako) Tsereteli (one of the leaders of the Committee -
Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic in 1918–1921
George Anchabadze Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic .. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22364/luzv.5.06 Armed Forces of Georgian Democratic Republic in 1918–1921 Gruzijas Demokrātiskās Republikas bruņotie spēki 1918.–1921. gadā George Anchabadze, Doctor of History Sciences, Full professor Ilia State University, School of Arts and Sciences Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/5, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia E-mail: [email protected] The article is dedicated to the armed forces of the Georgian Democratic Republic (1918–1921). It shows the history of their creation and development, the composition and structure of the troops, as well as provides a brief insight into the combat path. It also shows the contradictions that existed between the socialist leadership of the country and a significant part of the officer corps, caused by ideological differences. The result of these contradictions were two forms of the armed organization of Georgia – the regular army and the People’s Guard, which caused discord in the armed forces. This circumstance, among other reasons, contributed to the military defeat of Georgia in the clash with Soviet Russia (1921). Keywords: Transcaucasia in 1918–1921, Georgian Democratic Republic, regular army of Georgia, the People’s Guard, The Soviet-Georgian War of 1921. Raksts veltīts Gruzijas Demokrātiskās Republikas bruņotajiem spēkiem 1918.–1921. gadā, tajā atspoguļota to izveidošanas un attīstības vēsture, kā arī karaspēka sastāvs un struktūra, bez tam īsumā raksturotas kaujas operācijas. Parādītas arī pretrunas, kas pastāvēja starp valsts sociālistisko vadību un lielu daļu virsnieku korpusa un kas izraisīja ideoloģiskas atšķirības. Šo pretrunu rezultāts bija divas Gruzijas bruņoto spēku organizatoriskās formas – regulārā armija un Tautas gvarde –, starp kurām pastāvēja nesaskaņas. -
Your Regular Paper Inside → Business with Personality
YOUR REGULAR PAPER INSIDE → BUSINESS WITH PERSONALITY 20 HOT PROPERTY FRIDAY 13 SEPTEMBER 2019 CITYAM.COM HOTPROPERTY ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE LONDON PROPERTY MARKET Edited by Helen Crane BUSINESS WITH PERSONALITY SHORE THING NEW BUILDS NEW DEVELOPMENTS ON THE MARKET THIS WEEK BATTALION COURT, WOOLWICH This Saturday, Bellway is launching a new show home at its Battalion Court development in Woolwich. The homes are perfectly placed for buyers looking to take advantage of the ossrailCr effect, with nearby OUR GUIDE TO Woolwich station set to open in 2020. One, two and three-bed apartments are available and all of the homes fit the criteria for the Help to Buy Equity Loan Scheme. Prices start from £343,000. £ Call 0845 548 8032 or visit bellway.co.uk RIVERSIDE P20 NINE ELMS POINT, VAUXHALL LONDON SQUARE, SPITALFIELDS NEW GARDEN QUARTER, STRATFORD THE ALTA COLLECTION, LAMBETH POPCORN AT THE READY From £3.99m for a three-bed From £899,000 orf a two-bed From £725,000 orf a three-bed From £6.95m orf a four-bed Two three-bedroom penthouse artmentsap have just On Thursday, developerondon L Square launched two A collection of five new homes has just omec to market The final six homes are now available for purchase at been launched at Barratt London’s Nine Elmsoint P street-level apartments at London Square Spitalfields at Telford Homes’ New Garden Quarter development The Dumont, St James’ apartment building on Albert near Vauxhall. The Archer penthouse has two living on Wentworth Street. Aimed at youngamilies, f the in Stratford. -
Ragbis Msoflio Tasi
ragbis msoflio Tasi tele-wamyvanis megzuri oTxi eri samxreTis2012 falavnoba pirveli "samxreTis falavnobis" wamyvanebs Sejibri saniSansvetoa. mis kargad wayvanaze bevradaa 6) isaubreT lakonurad = Stampebis (zelandiis nakrebi, damokidebuli, Tu ragbi ra adgils daiWers jiemjis amasobaSi ...) bazruli leqsikisa da andazebis gareSe; repertuarSi. isaubreT mardad da xalisianad; Cveni mizania umaRlesi donis ragbis ukeT warmoCineba = axal qomagTa mozidva, ZvelTa ki gaxareba gemrieli nu gamoamJRavnebT simpaTia-apaTiebs; seiriT. nebismieri lelo Tu kargi boWva = aRmatebul tonSi, amis gamo, gamonaklisTa gareSe, dasacavia Semdegi wesebi: magram moerideT zRvar-gadasul epiTetebs (fantastika, genialuri, gadasarevi ... 1) studiaSi misvla = reportaJamde 35 wuTiT adre; 7) drodadro axseneT mayurebels dro da angariSi; samosi = samsaxuris Sesaferi; SeafaseT lelomde gasavleli manZili; dardebi da varami droebiT daiviwyeT; gamoiyeneT ekranuli grafika = meaTe faza, mesame ama Tu im gundis qomagoba = Sin, barsa da ZmakacebSi; moxsna, Ternoveri; 2) savaldebuloa matCis winadRiT, Cems mier dabeWdili gamoxedeT kabinis komputersac damatebiTi Spargalkis motana; faqtebisTvis; sasurvelia misTvis iseT SeniSvnaTa darTva, rac saqmes 8) saWiroa mosaxdenis prognozi: karSi artyamen, raTa waadgeba; sxvaoba gadaacilon 7 qulas; daiwyeben "aiRe da mieZales", raTa gaiyvanon dro; fazebs kinZaven, raTa gamoimuSaon alternatiuli davTrebis (gundTa siebis) motana jarima an arekni Seamzadon ... ikrZaleba, magram nebadarTulia frazaTa TviT-nakeTi leqsikonis gamoyeneba; 8) nu gadayvebiT (moqmed