Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events

Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Sunday, June 17, 1838 threaten him on August 8, 1838, if he did not sign a pe- Sidney Rigdon’s Salt Speech tition not to molest the people called Mormons.. War- Sidney Rigdon used Matthew 5:13 as the theme for rants of arrest are issued for Joseph Smith and Lyman his discourse: “Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt Wight. have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? It is Thursday, August 30, 1838 thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to B. M. Lisle, Adjutant General Jefferson City, be trodden under foot of men.” Rigdon used the spir- letter to Major General David R. Atchison itual metaphor to encourage the Saints to cast out the 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Richmond, MO dissenters from the Latter-day Saint communities. Adjutant General B. M. Lisle dispatches orders from the Commander-in-Chief, Governor Lilburn W. Boggs Wednesday, July 4, 1838 to Major General Atchison to raise immediately, in his Sidney Rigdon’s 4th of July Speech division, four hundred men, mounted and equipped. Speaking of the Constitution of the United States, This is to be done because of the indications of Indi- Rigdon proclaimed the Church’s rights and freedom an disturbances on “our immediate frontier” and re- from its enemies. The sentiment expressed in the ser- cent civil disturbances of Caldwell, Daviess and Car- mon was indicative of a new attitude some of the mem- roll Counties. Note: Similar letters to Generals John B. bers of the Church were taking toward their enemies Clark, Samuel D. Lucas, David Willock, Lewis Bolton, – that they were justified in taking up arms against per- Henry W. Crowther and Thomas D. Grant. secutors. Monday, August 6, 1838 Saturday, September 1, 1838 Election Day Battle at Gallatin Indian Scheme Letter William P. Peniston, a candidate for state legislator Daniel Ashby, James Keyle, and Sterling Price of and a staunch foe of the Saints, mounted a barrel at the Brunswick, Missouri send a letter to Governor Boggs polling site of the Gallatin Election stating, “The Mor- concerned over a scheme of the Mormons to use the mon leaders are a set of horse thieves, liars, counterfeit- Indians to “work general destruction of all that is not ers, and you know they profess to heal the sick, and cast Mormon,” and contains a statement by an ex-Mormon, out devils, and you also know that is a lie.” This action Nathan Marsh, confirming their fears of this plan. The led to an all-out brawl between the Gentiles and the signers suggest issuing orders of the Militia in case of Saints. Several men are severely injured. emergency. Wednesday, August 8, 1838 Sunday, September 2, 1838 Agreement of Peace Letters by Joseph Smith Joseph Smith and other members ride to Gallatin Joseph Smith writes two letters: one to Major Gen- following exaggerated reports of the death of several eral David R. Atchison and one to Circuit Judge Austin Saints during the Gallatin Election Day fight. Arriving A. King. Smith requests legal assistance from Atchison. at Lyman Wight’s home at Adam-ondi-Ahman they Smith prays that Judge King will assist in putting down learn the truth – that nobody was killed. They ride to “the mob” then collecting in Daviess County. Justice of the Peace Adam Black and demand that he Tuesday, September 4, 1838 sign an “agreement of peace.” Black refuses and later is- Joseph Smith and Lyman Wight sues a complaint against Joseph Smith, Lyman Wight surrender to authorities and others. Upon learning of the complaint filed by Adam Black Tuesday, August 28, 1838 and a warrant of arrest issued by Judge Dryder, Joseph Arrest Warrant Issued Smith and Lyman Wight surrender to authorities on Daviess County Justice of the Peace Adam Black September 4, 1838. They request a hearing before Cir- issues a sworn statement before Justice of the Peace cuit Court Judge Austin A. King. William Dryden stating that Joseph Smith and others

1 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Wednesday, September 5, 1838 Sunday, September 9, 1838 Joseph Smith Jr. Affidavit Stockpile of Weapons Seized Joseph Smith executes an affidavit before Caldwell Church members seize a stockpile of weapons they County Justice of the Peace, Elias Higbee, explaining had found. These weapons were illegally obtained by the how he had met with Justice of the Peace Adam Black mob and were being sent to assist vigilante forces in Da- August 8, 1838, in an attempt to stop the violent actions viess County. Three men are arrested that were guard- toward the Saints. He states that Black has been “en- ing the weapons. The men are taken to Far West. Upon gaged in endeavoring to drive” the Saints from Daviess hearing this report General Atchison ordered that the County. three prisoners and the weapons be turned over to him, and the Saints complied. Thursday, September 6, 1838 Clerk of Circuit Court of Carroll County, Monday, September 10, 1838 Carrollton, MO Hon. Austin A. King letter to Governor Boggs Judge 5th Judicial Circuit, Richmond, MO Affidavit of John N. Sapp relative to the Mormons letter to in Daviess County. Swears that he was a member of the Major General David R. Atchison Sect but left Aug. 15 last, by stealth; tells of the building 3d Div. Missouri Militia of block-houses and the arming of groups of men desig- Judge King states, “I do not know of any authority I nated as Danites and of their object of inducing the In- have to direct your movement in the matter, but I will dians to help them in making war on the Missourians. advise you and hope you may deem it your duty to act Sworn before Clerk of County Court, Joseph Dickson. in the matter to send a force Say of 200 men... (to) dispel the forces in Daviess and all the assembled armed forc- Thursday, September 6, 1838 es in Caldwell, and while there cause those Mormons Preliminary Hearing Delayed who refuse to give up, to surrender and be recognized Daviess County, MO for it will not do to compromise the law with them.” Circuit Court Judge Austin King opens a prelimi- He encloses the petition from citizens of Ray County nary hearing of Joseph Smith and Lyman Wight, at the to General Atchison requesting “aid to suppress this in- residence of a Mr. Littlefield. A mob attends and dis- surrection.” rupted the hearing. No testimony is taken and the hearing is continued until 10 o’clock the next morning at the Tuesday, September 11, 1838 residence of a Mr. Raglin, eight miles further south and Major General David R. Atchison within a half-mile of the Caldwell county line. orders to Brigadier General Alexander Doniphan Friday, September 7, 1838 Major General Atchison, orders Brigadier Gener- Preliminary Hearing before al Doniphan to Daviess and Caldwell Counties to put Circuit Judge Austin A. King down any insurrection. Daviess County, MO The preliminary hearing is reconvened, September Wednesday, September 12, 1838 7, 1838. William P. Peniston is the prosecutor. Adam Citizens of Daviess and Livingston Counties, Black is the sole witness for the State. The defendants, letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City Joseph Smith Jr. and Lyman Wight are represented by Letter requests protection from the Mormons and David R. Atchison and Alexander Doniphan. The de- recounts attack on Adam Black and the capture of guns, fense introduces testimony by Dimick B. Huntington, ammunition and prisoners by the Mormons. They ask Gideon Carter, Adam Lightner, and George W. Robin- protection and support from the State. Signed by George son. The defendants are bound over for trial at the Da- F. Prichard before Clerk of Court, R. Wilson. viess County circuit court and released on a $500 bond each. Trial is set for November.

2 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Wednesday, September 12, 1838 Saturday, September 15, 1838 Major General David R. Atchison, Brig. Gen. Alexander W. Doniphan, Headquarters, Headquarters, 3d Div. Missouri Militia, 1st Brig., 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Camp at Grand Richmond, MO River, MO. letter to Major Gen. David R. Atchison, letter to Governor Boggs, 3d Div. Missouri Militia., Richmond, MO Jefferson City, MO Letter concerns movements of militia into Caldwell General Atchison advised that from information re- and Daviess Counties in order to confiscate guns from ceived from counties of Daviess and Caldwell, he is con- Mormons and non-Mormons. Doniphan arrives at Far vinced an insurrection does exist. Actions to put down West and collects weapons then goes on to Millport the insurrection are listed by him, including assistance where he negotiates between Mormons and non-Mor- to civil officers and citizens of Daviess and Caldwell mons. Counties. Acknowledged assistance of Col. Wiley C. Monday, September 17, 1838 Williams, his aide. Major Gen. David R. Atchison, Headquarters, 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Grand River, MO Saturday, September 15, 1838 letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO William Dryden, Justice of the Peace, Letter relates to the movement of Atchison’s Divi- Daviess County sion from their headquarters at Grand River in Daviess letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO County and the discovery of two to three hundred armed Petition regarding Dryden’s actions taken as a result citizens of Livingston, Carroll and Saline Counties. The of Adam Black’s affidavit and the appointment of Na- Mormons have gathered at Adam-ondi-Ahman and are thaniel H. Blakely as special deputy to serve writ issued acting on the defensive. Orders all armed men to their by Dryden for the arrest of the parties listed in the af- homes. Wants to discharge troops leaving only fifty men fidavit. He reports that arrest of the men and requests in each county. General Atchison includes a report from the Governor to furnish civil officers for the counties General Doniphan. of Daviess and Caldwell to execute the laws of the land. Tuesday, September 18, 1838 Saturday, September 15, 1838 orders from Governor Boggs Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO to Major General Samuel D. Lucas letter to B. M. Lisle, Governor Boggs, undoubtedly considering the force Attorney General, Jefferson City, MO under Major General Atchison too small, or perhaps Governor Boggs directs Lisle to issue an order to considering Atchison too pacific in his actions, orders Major General David R. Atchison to use his troops to the 4th Division of the Militia, under Major General aid the civil officers of Daviess County in executing Samuel D. Lucas, to the scene of trouble, and to cooper- their duties. ate with the forces under General Atchison. Saturday, September 15, 1838 Saturday, September 22, 1838 B. M. Lisle, Attorney General, Jefferson City, MO Petition from certain Mormons, DeWitt, MO letter to Major General Samuel D. Lucas, letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO 4th Div. Missouri Militia, Independence, MO Petition from Mormons at DeWitt, Carroll County Governor Boggs orders General Lucas to march im- asking for protection from lawless mob of one hundred mediately, with the 400 mounted men he was ordered and fifty armed men. to raise August 30th, to the scene of the difficulties and cooperate with General Atchison. NOTE: Similar letter addressed to Major Generals Lewis Bolton, John B. Clark and Thomas D. Grant.

3 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Sunday, September 23, 1838 September 20 – October 11, 1838 Gen. David R. Atchison, Headquarters, The Siege of DeWitt 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO On Thursday, September 20, 1838, a mob marched letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, Mo. into DeWitt, a town settled predominantly by Saints, Letter on the situation in Daviess and Caldwell and ordered them to gather their property and leave Counties. Brigadier General Parks assigned to pacify within 10 days. The Saints sent letters to government the area, states that the Mormons, although quiet, are officials, including Governor Boggs, for assistance. well armed “and their fanaticism, and their unalterable On Monday, October 1, 1838, the mob began ha- determination not to be driven, much blood will be rassing the Saints and later laid siege against the town. spilt, and much suffering, if a blow is once struck, with- Colonel George M. Hinkle, Caldwell County Militia is out the interposition of your Excellency.” sent to DeWitt. Sunday, September 23, 1838 Tuesday, September 25, 1838 Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, Headquarters, Brig. Gen. H. G. Parks, Headquarters, 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO 2nd Brig., 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Millport, MO letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO letter to Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, General Atchison states that problems in Caldwell 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO and Daviess Counties have been put down by Brigadier General Parks advises the Governor that no more General Parks and law-breakers brought to justice. troops will be needed against the Mormons, but he fears some men will attempt to attack the Mormons. He Sunday, September 23, 1838 states, “Whatever may have been the disposition of the Peter G. Glover, Secretary of State, Jefferson City, people called Mormons, before our arrival here, since MO letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO we have made our appearance they have shown no dis- Secretary of State Peter G. Glover informs the Gov- position to resist the laws, or of hostile intentions.” He ernor that he is sending Jesse B. Barber with important concludes, “There has been so much prejudice and ex- documents. They show no need to raise a certain Divi- aggeration concerned in this matter, that I found things sion of troops. entirely different from what I was prepared to expect. September 1838 When we arrived here we found a large body of men B. M. Lisle, Attorney General, from the counties adjoining armed and in the field for Headquarters of Missouri, Jonesborough, MO the purpose, as I learned, of assisting the people of this letter to Maj. Gen. John B. Clark, county against the Mormons, without being called out 1st Div. Missouri Militia by the proper authorities.” The letter ends with, “The de- Lisle informs General John Clark that “the troops termination of the Daviess County men is to drive the under your command destined for that service be im- Mormons with powder and lead.” mediately discharged.” NOTE: Similar letter sent to Generals H. W. Crowther, Samuel D. Lucas and Lewis Thursday, September 27, 1838 Bolton. Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, September 1838 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO Brig. Gen. H. G. Parks, Headquarters, letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO 2d Brig., 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Millport, MO General Atchison informs the Governor that things letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO in Daviess County are going well and that any talk to General Parks states that he has calmed Daviess the contrary are “exaggerated statements of designing and Caldwell Counties. A trial of Mormon lawbreak- or half crazy men.” ers would take place on Friday the 18th and he states “I am happy to say that my exertions as those of Major General Atchison and the officers and men under my command have been crowned with success.”

4 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Thursday, October 4, 1838 General Atchison outlines problems of General Maj. Gen. Samuel D. Lucas, 4th Div. Parks. Wants to get Mormons to sell land. Will forward Missouri Militia, Boonville, MO communications from Parks to Governor. Feels Gover- letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO nor should meet him at Boonville. General Lucas relates that he has confronted a force Tuesday, October 9, 1838 of 200 Mormons who claimed the non-Mormons were Maj. Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. moving on them. He is afraid that the citizens of Car- Missouri Militia, Boonville, MO roll County will attack Mormons if any non-Mormon letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO is killed. Cover letter from General Clark and documents. Friday, October 5, 1838 Citizens of Carroll County petition Howard County Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. citizens for aid against Mormons, statement of Adam Missouri Militia, Boonville, MO Woods, citizens on the actions of Mormons in DeWitt, letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO Carroll County. General Atchison reports to Boggs that situations have changed. Included is copy of a letter from Briga- Thursday, October 11, 1838 dier General Parks stating that citizens of Carroll Coun- Saints leave DeWitt ty were trying to drive Mormons out. Daviess County Thursday, October 11, 1838, outnumbered and low still quiet. on food the Saints left Carroll County for Far West. Friday, October 5, 1838 Once again, the Saints have been driven from their Report of the Committee of Chariton County homes with no assistance from the government. signed by John W. Price and William K. Logan (Note: The Saints were driven from Jackson Coun- Meeting with non-Mormons near DeWitt. Plans to ty in 1833 and from Clay County in 1836. In 1834, the force Mormons out of DeWitt. Request for intervention Governor promised to help the Saints reclaim their by civil authorities. Jackson County property, only to later deny them any assistance.) Saturday, October 6, 1838 Joseph Smith arrives at DeWitt Saturday, October 13, 1838 On Saturday, October 6, 1838, Joseph Smith arrives Capt. Bogart, Elk Horn, Ray County, MO at DeWitt and finds the Saints are starving. He attempts letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO to negotiate a peaceful solution to no avail. The situa- Captain Bogart describes how General Parks pre- tion appears hopeless. vented him from moving against Mormons. States that Mormons will overrun Daviess County. Asks for help Sunday, October 7, 1838 from Governor before “our Country is ruined.” Brig. Gen. H. G. Parks, 2d Brig., 3d Div. Missouri Militia, 5 miles from DeWitt, MO Tuesday, October 16, 1838 letter to Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. Missouri Militia, Boonville, MO Missouri Militia, Boonville, MO General Parks reports he has need for more troops. letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO He calls on General Alexander Doniphan for aid. States General Atchison informs the Governor that Mor- that Carroll County men are violent and want Mormons mons of Carroll County have sold out and left. Atchison out. Asks for visit by Governor. states, “Nothing in my opinion but the strongest mea- sures within the power of the Executive will put down Tuesday, October 9, 1838 this spirit of mobocracy.” He further described the ac- Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. tions of the mob to the point as “ruinous to the peo- Missouri Militia, Boonville, MO ple and disgraceful to the State.” Governor Boggs does letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO nothing.

5 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Tuesday, October 16, 1838 Sunday, October 21, 1838 Mobs burn Don Carlos Smith cabin Col. William P. Pension, 60th Reg., 2d Brig., 3d Div. and Samuel H. Smith cabin Missouri Militia, Daviess County, MO On the evening of October 16, 1838, Agnes Smith letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO was home with her two young daughters when a mob Correspondence with affidavits from several indi- broke into her home, forced her and her children at viduals regarding the action of the Mormons burning gunpoint to leave and burned their home. Her husband, Gallatin in Millport. He asks the government for aid Don Carlos - a younger brother of Joseph Smith, was against “this banditti of Canadian refugees.” gone. Carrying a small child on each hip, Agnes walked Monday, October 22, 1838 three miles through ankle deep snow to the Grand Riv- Affidavit of Samuel Venable er. During the early morning hours of October 17th, she Reports that he was with refugees from Mormons waded the waist deep river to find other Saints living at burning of Gallatin and that they included several Adam-ondi-Ahman. women who were pregnant and had been forced out. That evening, the mob continued to drive other Saints from their homes and set their cabins on fire. Monday, October 22, 1838 Earlier in the month another younger brother of Jo- Affidavit of Jonathan J. Dryden seph Smith, Samuel H. Smith travel to Far West to bor- Taken prisoner by Mormons and then released. Re- row a wagon to move his family away from Adam-on- lates the Mormons told him they had to take up arms di-Ahman. While he was gone, a mob carried his wife because they believed the Governor “to be as big a mob Mary and her newborn son on a feathered bed into the man as any of them.” rain. They put toddlers Susannah and Mary on the bed Monday, October 22, 1838 with them and then burned the house to the ground. Affidavit of James Stone Samuel returned after a day and a half to find his family Testifies that Mormons forced him from his house at in the rain with their home burned. 10 o’clock at night. Saw Mormons stealing cattle. Thursday, October 18, 1838 Monday, October 22, 1838 The Saints burn Gallatin Affidavit of Thomas J. Martin Upon learning of the atrocities committed against Tells of Mormons capturing him and demand- the Saints in Daviess County, Captain David Patten, ing that he tell them all he knows of the militia or he Caldwell Militia, led 100 armed men to Gallatin. Most would be “laid on the sod and let the birds eat me.” of the residences had fled the town. The men broke into the general store and filled their arms with goods and Monday, October 22, 1838 supplies for the refugee Saints at Adam-ondi-Ahman. Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. Once they packed away all they could carry they torched Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO the store and other buildings and rode out of town. letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO General Atchison tells the Governor that nothing Sunday, October 21, 1838 short of driving the Mormons from the county will sat- William Morgan, Sheriff, Daviess County, MO isfy the non-Mormons. Atchison considers it a disgrace letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO to himself and to the state for the soldiers under his Affidavit of Sheriff Morgan states that he saw -Mor command to act the part of a mob and drive the Mor- mons burn store and house of Jacob Stollings. Daviess mons from the county. He awaits governor’s orders. In- County is in a state of terror. Includes a September 22, cludes letters from Generals Parks and Captain Bogart. 1838 Affidavit of Philip Covington, Justice of Peace. Covington states he saw Mormons burn Gallatin, rob a store and post office. Burning of local dwellings.

6 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Monday, October 21, 1838 Wednesday, October 24, 1838 Brig. Gen. H. B. Parks, 2d Brig., 3d Div. Proceedings of a Public Meeting Missouri Militia, Richmond, MO Ray County, Richmond, MO letter to Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. A series of resolutions by local people requesting Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO that Mormons be forced from the county with the aid of (This letter was included with Gen. Atchison’s report the militia by raising local volunteers. of October 22nd.) General Parks reports that a snow- Wednesday, October 24, 1838 storm prevented him from joining General Doniphan. Report of Messrs. C. R. Morehead, Saw at Adam-ondi-Ahman 500 Mormons under arms. Wm. Thornton and Jacob Gudgel, They said “they had been driven from DeWitt and other Richmond, MO places and here they were determined to stand and die Reports that Daviess County is destroyed and de- rather than be driven from that place.” He awaits orders. serted by non-Mormons. Reports of cattle being stolen Tuesday, October 23, 1838 by Mormons and a slave being taken. Capt. Samuel Bogart, Elk Horn, Ray County, MO Wednesday, October 24, 1838 letter to Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison, 3d Div. Hon. Austin A. King, Richmond, MO Missouri Militia, Liberty, MO letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO (This letter was included with Gen. Atchison’s report Judge King states that Joseph Smith made a speech of October 22nd.) Captain Bogart reports that Mor- to excite the people. Claims that Smith led three to four mons have destroyed Gallatin and Millport and devas- hundred men to burn Gallatin and Millport. States tated Daviess County. He is moving his troops to the that there is a group of twelve called the “Destructives,” Ray-Caldwell County border. Awaits orders. whose duty it is to watch the movements of men and Tuesday, October 23, 1838 of committees and to avenge themselves for supposed Citizens of Ray County, Richmond MO wrongful movement against them by privately burning letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO houses, property and even laying in ashes, towns, etc. Describes Mormon attacks on citizens of the county. Wednesday, October 24, 1838 Loss of $2,000 worth of property belonging to George Affidavit of Henry Marks, Ray County, MO Worthington. Says Mormons will destroy them if troops The son of Mormons, not one himself, heard Mor- do not arrive to protect them. mons say they hauled off goods from Gallatin. Losses Tuesday, October 23, 1838 in Jackson County to be avenged from Daviess County. Thomas C. Burch, Richmond, MO Wednesday, October 24, 1838 letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO Affidavit of Adam Black, Daviess County, MO Ray County Circuit Attorney Thomas S. Burch Justice of the Peace Adam Black claims he saw Da- writes that Mormon dissenters, opposed to the Danites, viess County plundered by Mormons. Witnessed burn- are testifying that the Danites are taking part in the ing of houses including his own. Capture of prisoners, raids on non-Mormons. States that Smith wants to rev- cattle stolen from Mr. Osburn, no civil officers left in olutionize the United States and that Smith “is as law- Daviess County. less and consummate a scoundrel as ever was the veiled prophet Chovassin.” Burch will later prosecute the Saints during the Richmond Court of Inquiry, November 12-29, 1838. Burch will then be appointed Judge of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit and will be the Judge that hears the case at Gallatin, April 10-14, 1839.

7 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Wednesday, October 24, 1838 Thursday, October 25, 1838 Affidavit of Thomas B. Marsh and Orson Hyde Wiley C. Williams and Amos Rees, Ray County, MO Sachel Woods and Joseph Dickson, Apostles Thomas B. Marsh and Orson Hyde apos- deposes to Maj. Gen John B. Clark tatized from the Church and on October 24th sign an 1st Div. Missouri Militia affidavit stating that the Saints intended to “make it one Deposition states the Saints “have determined to at- gore of blood, from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlan- tack and burn Richmond to night.” tic Ocean.” Quotes Joseph Smith as saying he would Wiley C. Williams and Amos Rees are attorneys liv- convert the world to Mormonism as to choose between ing at Richmond. While living in Clay County, Rees had “Joseph Smith or the Sword.” Marsh was the President served as an attorney for the Saints following their ex- of the Quorum of the Twelve. pulsion from Jackson County in 1833. Orson Hyde testifies that statements of Thomas The lower portion of the deposition states “that Capt March and himself are true, and supported by former Bogard and all his company amounting to between fifty Mormons and are convinced of their immorality and and sixty were massacred by the Mormons…” This por- impiety. tion of the letter is signed by Sachel Woods, a Presbyte- October 1838 rian minister and Joseph Dickson, Clerk of the Carroll Ray County Militia County Circuit Court. Seizes prisoners in Caldwell County Thursday October 25, 1838 Led by Captain Samuel Bogart, the Ray County mi- Hawn’s Mill Weapons Seized litia cross into Caldwell County, harass several families Militia from Livingston, Daviess and Carroll Coun- and take three men prisoners. ties enter Hawn’s Mill and order the men to surrender their weapons. Some men comply - others do not. Wednesday, October 24, 1838 Caldwell County Militia Friday, October 26, 1838 prepares to retrieve prisoners B. M. Lisle, Adjutant General, Jefferson City, MO On October 24th, word that three Saints had been letter to Maj. Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. captured reached Church leaders in Far West. Elias Hig- Missouri Militia bee, a judge in Caldwell County, authorized the Cald- Release of Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison well County militia to retrieve the prisoners and quell Governor orders 1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 12th Divi- what they thought was a mob. sions of militia called up to put down the Mormons. Major General David R. Atchison (3rd Division) Thursday, October 25, 1838 was marching his troops toward Richmond; however, Battle of Crooked River he is released by Governor Boggs as Commander of the Captain David W. Patten leads the Caldwell Militia State Militia in Northern Missouri. Major General John into Ray County. At dawn the two militia engage in a B. Clark (1st Division) replaces Atchison. brief but violent fight. Caldwell Militia casualties in- Major General Atchison and his law partner, Brig- clude 3 killed and 7 wounded. Ray County Militia ca- adier General Alexander Doniphan, had served as the sualties include 1 killed and 6 wounded. Captain Patten Saints’ attorneys following their expulsion from Jackson of the Quorum of the Twelve in one of the fatalities. The County in 1833. Ray County Militia flees into the woods, which leads to rumors that all the men were killed.

8 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Saturday, October 27, 1838 Tuesday, October 30, 1838 Extermination Order Major Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. Governor Lilburn W. Boggs issues the Extermi- Missouri Militia Camp at Chariton, MO nation Order. Address to Major General John B. Clack, letter to Generals. Samuel D. Lucas, 4th Div. Commanding Officer of the Northern Missouri Militia, and David R. Atchison, 3d Div. Boggs states, “The Mormons must be treated as enemies Militia is on road to Richmond. Will send orders. and must be exterminated or driven from the State if Will wait to hear if Governor will meet him, if not will necessary…” go to Richmond. Sunday, October 28, 1838 Wednesday, October 31, 1838 Major General David R. Atchison, 3d Div. Major General Samuel D. Lucas Missouri Militia, Richmond, MO arrests Mormon leaders letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO Far West, MO General Atchison informs the Governor that they Colonel George H. Hinkle, Commanding Officers have raised 2,000 troops to put down Mormons. Atchi- Caldwell Militia, leads Mormon leaders to Major Gen- son asks the Governor to come to the “seat of war.” eral Lucas at Far West, Missouri. The Mormons believe (It is obvious by this correspondence that Atchison they are meeting to negotiate peace terms. General Lu- has not learn that he was removed from command two cas arrests Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, days earlier.) George W. Robinson and Lyman Wight. Hinkle would later claim that he surrendered the Prophet to avoid fur- Monday, October 29, 1838, ther bloodshed. Captain Nehemiah Comstock Confiscates Weapons at Hawn’s Mill Thursday, November 1, 1838 On October 29, 1838, Captain Nehemiah Comstock, Far West under Siege Livingston Militia assures the Saints at Hawn’s Mill of Court Martial their safety if they would but surrender their arms – Hyrum Smith and Amasa Lyman are arrested. All many surrendered their muskets whiles others did not. Saints ordered to surrender their arms, homes are They following afternoon the Saints were attacked. searched, much looting and criminal acts committed by the Missouri Militia during this time and the days Tuesday, October 30, 1838 to follow. Major General Lucas holds a one-hour court Hawn’s Mill Massacre martial and orders the men shot the next morning at Led by Colonel Thomas Jennings, militia from 9 o’clock. Brigadier General Doniphan refuses to carry Livingston, Daviess and Carroll counties attack the out this order. Saints at Hawn’s Mill. 17 Saints were killed, including 2 small boys, while another 14 were injured. The mili- Thursday, November 1, 1838 tia searched the bodies stealing coats, boots, guns and Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO money. The militia then ransacked the cabins and tents letter to Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. stealing bedding, food and livestock. The looting con- Missouri Militia, Chariton, MO tinued for 10 days. Governor gives Clark authority to do what he needs to put down Mormons. “The ringleaders of this rebel- Tuesday, October 30, 1838 lion should be made an example of; and if it should Major Gen. Samuel D. Lucas Assumes Command become necessary for the public peace, the Mormons Major General Lucas learns that Major General John should be exterminated or expelled from the state.” B. Clark is sick. Not wanting to wait for General Clark, This second letter of extermination also reads, “you General Lucas assumed command of the Missouri Mili- will therefore proceed without delay to execute the for- tia and marches toward Far West. mer orders…” and directing General Clark, “Should

9 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events you need the aid of artillery I would suggest that an Saturday, November 3, 1838 application be made to the Commanding Officer at Ft. Joseph Smith prophecy Leavenworth for such as you many need…” Parley P. Pratt wrote, “As we arose and commenced our march on the morning of the 3d of November, Jo- Thursday, November 1, 1838 seph Smith spoke to me and the other prisoners, in a Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. Missouri Militia, Camp low, but cheerful and confidential tone; said he: “Be of near Carrollton, MO to Gens. Samuel D. Lucas, 4th good cheer, brethren; the word of the Lord came to me Div. and David R. Atchison, 3d Div. last night that our lives should be given us, and that Arrival of Lucas and Atchison at Far West. They whatever we may suffer during this captivity, not one of should protect Non-Mormons. Hold all prisoners until our lives should be taken.” Clark arrives. Block Mormon attempts to leave Far West by the north. Hopes Governor will join him tomorrow. Saturday, November 3, 1838 Major General Lucas and Brigadier General Moses Friday, November 2, 1838 En route to Independence, MO Maj. Gen. Samuel D. Lucas, 4th Div. General Lucas has caught up with General Moses, Missouri Militia, transporting the 7 prisoners to Independence. They ar- Camp near Far West, MO rive at the Missouri River. The men must cross via a fer- letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO ry. Both Lucas and Moses and some of the soldiers cross General Lucas explains the arrival of troops at Far the Missouri River – travel a short distance and camp. West. Term struck with Colonel Hinkel. Mormon Com- Not all the 300 soldiers are able to cross before night. mander marching units of troops. Actions of militia to Mormon surrender. (No mention that he held a Court Sunday, November 4, 1838 Martial and ordered the men to be shot.) Gen. John B. Clark, Headquarters Missouri Militia, Far West, MO Friday, November 2, 1838 letter to Gen. H. G. Parks, 2d Brig., 3d Div. Prisoners sent to Independence Missouri Militia Brigadier General Wilson is ordered by Major Gen- General Clark instructs General Parks that it is al- eral Lucas to take the seven prisoners to Independence right to obey Lucas’ orders. Parks is instructed to take (transported in a large heavy wagon) and guarded by all male Mormons prisoners. Protect property “as far 300 soldiers. (This order is in direct violation of orders as possible.” Will settle property disputes when he gets from Major General Clark to take all prisoners to Rich- there. mond. Lucas remained at Far West and then left the Sunday, November 4, 1838 next day and caught up with General Wilson. Independence, MO Saturday, November 3, 1838 The remainder of the soldiers cross the Missouri Maj. Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. Missouri Militia, River. The prisoners arrive at Independence at about Richmond, MO to Maj. Gen. Samuel D. Lucas, 4th 3:00 p.m. General Lucas parades his prisoners before Div. Missouri Militia the citizens of Independence. General Clark wants to know of General Lucas’ Joseph Smith is able to teach a lady the principles movements. Angry he has not been kept informed. “I of the Church, thus fulfilling a prophecy that an Elder have heretofore directed you to report to me of your of the Church shall yet teach in Jackson County this movements in your operations against the Mormons, year. The prisoners are housed in a vacant log house but you have not done so or ever sent me a line except just north of and across the street from Independences’ a pencil scrawl accidentally found in a bar room of the public square. A day or two after their arrival the pris- tavern at Richmond.” Issues orders on holding prison- oners are moved to the Noland Hotel – corner of Main ers and collecting arms. and Maple.

10 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Sunday, November 4, 1838 Wednesday, November 7, 1838 Far West, MO Gen. John B. Clark, Headquarters Missouri Militia, Major General Clark arrives at Far West. He learns Far West, MO letter to Gen. Robert Wilson, that Major General Lucas took 7 prisoners to Indepen- 2d Brig., 1st Div. Missouri Militia dence – not Richmond. He sends a detachment to Inde- Wilson will march to Adam-ondi-Ahman. Restore pendence to take the prisoners to Richmond citizens to property and bring criminals in. Take them to Keytesville; may do all that is necessary. Monday, November 5, 1838 Major General Clark interrogated Latter-day Saint Wednesday, November 7, 1838 Colonel George M. Hinkle and arrests 46 more Saints. Clark’s detachment arrives in Independence to take prisoners to Richmond. Monday, November 5, 1838 Major Gen. Samuel D. Lucas, 4th Div. Thursday, November 8, 1838 Missouri Militia, Independence, MO Independence prisoners head to Richmond letter to Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO Independence prisoners are transported to Missouri General Lucas reports to the Governor that he has River – travel a short distance and lodge in an old frame received the surrender of the Mormons. Outlines con- house. ditions. Explains problems with Major General Clark. Friday, November 9, 1838 Awaits Governor’s orders. Prisoners arrive at Richmond, MO more arrests at Far West November 1838 A strong guard commanded by Colonel Price meets Independence prisoners dine with the Independence prisoners and escorts them to Rich- General Moses and his wife. mond, arriving later that evening. General Moses invites Joseph Smith and the oth- General Clark arrives at Richmond with his 46 pris- er prisoners to dinner at his home. Smith tells of the oners. atrocities committed against the Saints. General Moses’ In the mean time - Captain Samuel Bogart (Ray wife is moved to tears. (General Moses’ son was killed County Militia) arrests 12 more Saints, bringing the to- during the expulsion of the Saints from Jackson County tal number of Saints arrested to 65. in 1833.) Tuesday, November 6, 1838 November 12-29, 1838 Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO Court of Inquiry letter to Major Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. Judge Austin King Missouri Militia 5th Judicial Circuit Governor Boggs explains the conflict over role of Richmond, MO General Lucas and General Atchison in latter part of The prisoners are taken before Circuit Judge Austin Mormon War. Lucas and Atchison both acting out of King at Richmond. Ray County Circuit Attorney Thom- order. Clark is to take command and do what is neces- as S. Burch prosecutes this case. The key witness against sary. the Saints is Samuel Avard, leader of the Danites. Tuesday, November 6, 1838 Following more than 2 weeks of testimony, Judge Major General Clark leaves Far West for Richmond King ordered indictments against 60 defendants includ- with 46 prisoners ing 43 counts of treason,35 counts of arson, 17 counts of burglary, 15 counts of riot, 4 counts of larceny, 5 counts of murder, 2 counts of obstruction, and 1 count of receiving stolen property for a total of 112 indictments.

11 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events Monday, November 12, 1838 January 24, 1839 Sale of Public Lands Request for Change of Venue Daviess County The prisoners at Liberty Jail petition Representative The preemptive date of sale for public lands in Da- James H. Hughes Esqr., of the Missouri State Legislature viess County was scheduled for November 12, 1838. and ask for a change-of-venue out of the “upper coun- Whoever is squatting on the property on that date has ties” of Missouri, citing biases of Judge Austin King. first right of purchase. On this date, 64 Saints are incar- January 26, 1839 cerated at Richmond, thus preventing them for purchas- Public Meeting, Far West ing the land they had cleared, farmed and built homes A public meeting is held at Far West to discuss the on. Thus members of the mob are able to purchase the procedures necessary for the Saints to flee Missouri. land the Saints had developed and profit from the ac- Seven men are appointed to direct the evacuation. quisition. The land sells for $100 per 80 acres. Justice of the Peace Adam Black is able to purchase land that he January 29, 1839 had sold to Lyman Wight for $750 just a year earlier for Committee of Removal only $100. A Committee of Removal adopts three resolutions: 1. remove its members from the state. Monday, November 19, 1838 2. determine the number of families destitute of Governor Boggs, Jefferson City, MO means to remove. letter to Gen. John B. Clark, 1st Div. 3. ascertain how much money could be raised by the Missouri Militia, Richmond, MO Church members. Prisoners should be turned over to civil authority to This covenant is signed by 380 men. be tried, no court martial. “One thing however is certain, that as soon as an insurrection is quelled and peace Wednesday, March 20, 1839 restored, the military authority ceases.” Letter to the Church D&C 121-123 Thursday, November 29, 1838 Joseph Smith dictates a 17 page letter to the Church Murder Indictments as Alexander McRae scribes (80%) and Caleb Baldwin Ray County Jail scribes (20%), parts of which are later canonized as Following the November 1838 Court of Inquire at D&C 121-123. Richmond, Missouri, Parley P. Pratt, Morris Phelps, Darwin Chase, Norman Shearer, and Luman Gibbs Thursday, March 21, 1839 were charged with murder and ordered held at the Rich- Letter to Emma and the Church mond, Ray County Jail. This charge was for the death of Joseph Smith asks that member of the Church com- Moses Rowland, Ray County Militia during the Battle pile a “bill of damages” that they may appeal to the Unit- of Crooked River. The prisoners are later transfered to ed States Court. He says he feels like “Joseph in Egypt” Columbia, Boone County to await trail. being “cast into prison by the mob.” Saturday, December 1, 1838 April 6-8, 1839 Liberty Jail Prisoners are Transported to Gallatin Charged with riot, burglary, receiving stolen prop- The Liberty Jail prisoners are transported to Galla- erty, arson and treason, Joseph Smith Jr., Hyrum Smith, tin for a grand jury hearing. Upon arriving they learn Alexander McRae, Lyman Wight and Caleb Baldwin that the presiding judge is Thomas C. Burch, the same are ordered held at the Clay County Jail, common re- attorney that had prosecuted these men during the ferred to as the Liberty Jail. They arrive in a large heavy Richmond Court of Inquiry before Judge Austin King. box, surrounded by a heavy guard, December 1, 1838. Attorneys for the defense, Peter H. Burnett and Amos Rees request a change of venue citing conflict of interest.

12 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events April 9-11, 1839 Tuesday, April 16, 1839 Gallatin Hearing Prisoners Released and Promissory Note Judge Thomas C. Burch The prisoners are released after purchasing two hors- Eleventh Judicial Circuit es from the guard. Unable to pay, Brassfield accepts Gallatin, MO a promissory note for $150. The prisoners are also re- The grand jury hearing begins Tuesday, April 9, 1839 quired to purchase a jug of whiskey and a quart of hon- and continues until April 11th. The jury members are ey for the guard. In addition, the prisoners are required also assigned guard duty at night. Members of the jury/ to surrender their new boots. A member of the Church, guard included Nathaniel Blakely, John Brown, and Jacob who labored as a cobbler, gave the boots to the prison- S. Rogers. All of these men had taken part in the vigilante ers while in Liberty Jail. While Sheriff Morgan and other force that attacked the Saints at Hawn’s Mill. The guards deputies drink whiskey sweetened with honey, Brassfield stay up most of the night partying and drinking, which helps the prisoners saddle the two horses. causes a number to be incoherent when the court is in In 1841, Brassfield arrives at Nauvoo requesting pay- session. At times, some jurors are so drunk they are life- ment on the note and Joseph Smith willingly pays. less and have to be carried out of the room. When the guard arrives back at Gallatin, members of the mob realize that the prisoners were never taken to Tuesday, April 9, 1839 Columbia. In retaliation, they single out William Bow- Change of Venue man, the first sheriff of Daviess County, tie him to a steel Stephen Markham arrives with a change-of-venue to rod and drag him through the streets. This ordeal led to Columbia, Boone County, issued by the state legislature. his death a short time later. This document is a direct result of the petition filed by the prisoners on January 24, 1839. Stephen Markham is Monday, April 22, 1839 not allowed to testify for two days. Arrival at Quincy, Illinois While crossing Missouri, the prisoners stay togeth- Thursday, April 11, 1839 er, taking turns riding the two horses. One night, Caleb Stephen Markham Incident Baldwin becomes separated for several hours. They are On April 11th, following his testimony and the intro- fearful that the release is a plan to execute the prisoners duction of the change-of-venue, Stephen Markham ex- as they attempt to leave the state, so they take less-trav- its the courtroom and is threaten by Nathaniel Blakely eled roads. The prisoners arrive at the Mississippi River and other members of the jury/guard. Blakely attempts and cross at Quincy, Illinois, April 22, 1838, nine days to strike Markham with a club. Markham disarms him short of six months since they were first arrested. and throws the club over a fence. That evening Markham is told by the Prophet to leave the state - as his life is in Monday, April 26, 1839 danger. Far West Temple Lot Fulfillment of Prophecy, D&C 118 Thursday, April 11, 1839 Members of the Quorum of the Twelve arrive at the Unsigned Mittimus Far West temple site just before midnight (April 25th) April 11, 1839, Judge Burch issues an unsigned mitti- to hold a conference on the 26th and prepare to leave mus to Daviess County Sheriff William Morgan, and four for their missions to England. Thus fulfilling the proph- deputies; William Bowman, John Brassfield, John Pope ecy made in July 1838. (Note: D&C 118:4-5) and Wilson McKinney. The men are instructed to trans- port the prisoners out of the county and turn them loose.

13 Missouri Mormon War Timeline of Events July 4, 1839 November 28, 1839 Escape for Boone County Jail Joseph Smith arrives at Washington D. C. The five prisoners charged with murder and held at Joseph Smith, Elias Higbee, Sidney Rigdon, and Or- the Richmond, Ray County Jail: Parley P. Pratt, Mor- rin Porter Rockwell arrive at Washington D. C. on No- ris Phelps, Luman Gibbs, Darwin Chase and Norman vember 28, 1839. The following day they met with Pres- Shearer are later transfered to Columbia, Boone County ident Martin VanBuren. The purpose of the meeting is for trial. Gibbs turns states evidence and charges against to seek redress for the injustices suffered by the Saints him are dropped in exchange for his testimony. Charges in Missouri. President VanBuren shows some sympa- against Chase and Shearer are also dropped “being boys thy, but offers no assistance. scarcely out of their teens.” The delegate then appeals to the U. S. Congress and Although initially released following the Richmond presents 491 individual signed affidavits. This was the Hearing, November 1838, King Follett was re-arrested first of four appeals to Congress. and charged with robbery and transported with Pratt Clark Johnson has documented 773 petitions writ- and Phelps to the Boone County Jail. ten by 678 petitioners (121 people wrote two or more On July 4, 1839, Pratt, Phelps and Follett escape petitions). These petitions seek redress for property from jail. Follett is again re-arrested. losses totaling $2,381.984.51 (1840 dollars). These petitions are obviously not the total loss by the 12,000 to October 1839 15,000 Saints driven from Missouri. The Saints are nev- King Follett trial er reimbursed for any of their losses. After spending nearly a year in jail, King Follett was brought to trial for robbery. Following a jury trial, he 1846 was acquitted and released from custody. Follett had Nauvoo Expulsion taken a keg of black powder from a mob, planning to Over the next seven years, the Saints will build one use the powder to bring destruction upon the Saints. of the largest cities in Illinois, construct a new temple, Apparently, the jury felt this act was more of a case of their Prophet and Patriarch will be murdered and they self-defense than robbery. will again be expelled from their homes. Again, their Constitutional rights shall be violated with no redress. 1838-1839 Expulsion from Missouri July 24, 1847 According to Mormon Redress Petitions, Docu- Brigham Young arrives in the Salt Lake Valley ments of the 1833-1838 Missouri Conflict, edited by The first company of Saints arrive in the Salt Lake Clark V. Johnson, between 12,000 - 15,000 members of Valley during July 1847. For one decade they are free the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, nick- from religious persecution. named Mormons, fled from Missouri following Gover- July 4, 1857 nor Lilburn W. Boggs’ infamous Extermination Order, Utah War Begins which required all Mormons to leave the state or be While celebrating the 4th of July, Church President killed. (Other historians have placed this number be- Brigham Young learns that newly elected U.S. President tween 8,000 and 10,000.) James Buchanan Jr. has sent the U.S. Army to the Utah Johnson added, “The Mormon expulsion from Mis- Territory to “put down” what he believes are treasonous souri is one of the most violent stories of religious per- acts by the Saints. Once again the Saints will have to secution in U.S. frontier history.” defend their Constitutional Rights and religious beliefs Joseph Smith requests that all expelled Saints file pe- during the Utah War. titions of redress with the State of Missouri and with the United States Congress. During the ensuing years the Saints made at least three and probably four separate attempts to obtain redress from Congress.