La Présence De L'inde Dans Le Fonds Romain Rolland

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La Présence De L'inde Dans Le Fonds Romain Rolland Bibliothèque nationale de France direction des collections département Littérature et art Juin 2008 LA PRÉSENCE DE L’INDE DANS LE FONDS ROMAIN ROLLAND Bibliographie sélective A l’occasion du 60e anniversaire de la mort du Mahatma Gandhi, le département Littérature et art propose une bibliographie sélective des ouvrages sur l’Inde du Fonds Romain Rolland, bibliothèque de l’écrivain français, né à Clamecy en 1866 et mort à Vézelay en 1944. Déposé à la Chancellerie des Universités de Paris en 1950 et 1951 par Madame R. Rolland, ce don est accepté par la Bibliothèque Nationale en 1979. Outre les manuscrits, lettres, papiers et partitions musicales conservés dans les départements spécialisés de la bibliothèque, ce fonds comprend, d’une part, les œuvres imprimées, originales et traduites, de R. Rolland, et d’autre part, les monographies, périodiques et brochures qui constituaient sa bibliothèque personnelle, soit plus de 13 000 volumes, conservés au sein des collections patrimoniales du département Littérature et art. Souvent dédicacés, annotés, parfois dotés d’ex-libris, ces ouvrages sont accessibles sur le catalogue BN-Opale Plus et conservés sous la cote « Z R Rolland ». Ils sont communiqués selon la procédure dite de « Communication exceptionnelle » dans les salles de la bibliothèque de recherche (niveau rez-de-jardin, site François-Mitterrand), soumis à une autorisation de type « réserve », à la demande de Mme R. Rolland. Environ 630 ouvrages de ce fonds témoignent de l’intérêt de R. Rolland pour l’Inde. Prix Nobel de littérature en 1915, auteur de pièces de théâtre, de romans, de biographies et d’essais, Romain Rolland se tourne vers l’Inde, dès 1914, attiré par « la ruche de son esprit antique » et « sa divine polyphonie ». Sans jamais s’être rendu en Inde, aidé par sa sœur Madeleine qui lui sert d’interprète, il accumule une importante documentation sur l’Inde politique, engagée dans la lutte nationaliste, et sur l’Inde mystique des penseurs hindous. En 1924, il publie une Étude sur Tagore, séduit par la pensée universaliste du poète Rabindranath Tagore (1861- 1941), prix Nobel de littérature en 1913, qui lui fait découvrir la culture indienne et avec lequel il partage une même passion pour la musique et la peinture. Après ses visites à Paris et Boulogne-sur-Seine, R. Tagore écrit en 1922 : « De tous les hommes que j’ai rencontrés en Occident, c’est Rolland qui me frappa comme étant le plus proche de mon cœur et le plus apparenté à mon esprit ». Toujours en 1924, R. Rolland publie un essai sur l’action politique du Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), apôtre de la non-violence, qu’il reçoit à Villeneuve en 1931. M. K. Gandhi qualifia R. Rolland d’ « homme le plus sage de l’Europe ». Parallèlement à l’analyse politique, Romain Rolland entame une réflexion sur l’hindouisme. Dépourvu de tout savoir indianiste, s’appuyant sur la lecture des brochures, articles de périodiques et ouvrages de sa bibliothèque, et recueillant les témoignages de disciples et sympathisants, il rédige l’Essai sur la mystique et l’action de l’Inde vivante. Cet ouvrage, publié en 1929-1930, relate les biographies des penseurs du Bengale, Paramahamsa Ramakrishna (1836-1886) et Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902). Ainsi, pendant presque trente ans, Romain Rolland cultive une relation privilégiée avec l’Inde et lance une passerelle entre les courants de pensée des continents européen et asiatique. Il reçoit les visites de nombreux Indiens du monde politique (M. K. Gandhi, le pandit Nehru, Lala Lajpat Rai, Pyarelal, Rajendra Prasad, Netaji), philosophique et littéraire (R. Tagore), académique et universitaire (Kalidas Nag, A. K. Coomaraswamy), artistique (Roop Krishna, Dilip Kumar Roy), scientifique (J. C. Bose) avec lesquels il entretient une abondante correspondance. Son empathie pour l’Inde est consolidée par ses lectures, reflétées par la richesse intellectuelle des volumes de sa bibliothèque. Romain Rolland a décrit ses rencontres et ses connaissances livresques dans les pages de son journal Inde, publié en 1951. 1 Table des matières Œuvres de Romain Rolland..................................................................................................................................3 « Essai sur la mystique et l’action de l’Inde vivante ».........................................................................................3 Texte original........................................................................................................................................................................................3 Traductions...........................................................................................................................................................................................4 « Inde : journal, 1915-1943 »...............................................................................................................................6 Texte original........................................................................................................................................................................................6 Traductions...........................................................................................................................................................................................6 « Mahatma Gandhi »............................................................................................................................................6 Texte original........................................................................................................................................................................................6 Traductions...........................................................................................................................................................................................7 Correspondance avec le Mahatma Gandhi ........................................................................................................10 Correspondance avec Rabindranath Tagore ......................................................................................................10 Traductions en langues de l’Inde de quelques œuvres littéraires de Romain Rolland.......................................11 Bibliothèque de Romain Rolland .......................................................................................................................12 Ramakrishna (1836-1886) .................................................................................................................................12 Œuvres................................................................................................................................................................................................12 Études critiques...................................................................................................................................................................................14 Vivekananda (1863-1902) .................................................................................................................................15 Œuvres................................................................................................................................................................................................15 Études critiques...................................................................................................................................................................................18 Philosophie.........................................................................................................................................................20 Religion..............................................................................................................................................................27 Ethnologie..........................................................................................................................................................33 Sciences .............................................................................................................................................................33 Art ......................................................................................................................................................................34 Littérature et linguistique...................................................................................................................................36 Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941).....................................................................................................................45 Œuvres................................................................................................................................................................................................45 Études critiques...................................................................................................................................................................................48 Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948)...................................................................................................49 Œuvres................................................................................................................................................................................................49 Gandhisme..........................................................................................................................................................................................54
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