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Dentex Dentex, En Corse (M´Editerran´Eenord Occidentale) Michel Marengo

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Dentex Dentex, En Corse (M´Editerran´Eenord Occidentale) Michel Marengo Exploitation, biologie et structure de la population du denti, Dentex dentex, en Corse (M´editerran´eeNord Occidentale) Michel Marengo To cite this version: Michel Marengo. Exploitation, biologie et structure de la population du denti, Dentex dentex, en Corse (M´editerran´eeNord Occidentale). Sciences agricoles. Universit´ePascal Paoli, 2015. Fran¸cais.< NNT : 2015CORT0006 >. HAL Id: tel-01305681 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01305681v2 Submitted on 28 Nov 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. UNIVERSITE DE CORSE-PASCAL PAOLI ECOLE DOCTORALE ENVIRONNEMENT ET SOCIETE UMR CNRS 6134 SPE Thèse présentée pour l’obtention du grade de DOCTEUR EN PHYSIOLOGIE ET BIOLOGIE DES ORGANISMES - POPULATIONS – INTERACTIONS Mention : Biologie des populations et écologie Soutenue publiquement par MICHEL MARENGO Le 03 Juillet 2015 __________________________________________________________ Exploitation, biologie et structure de la population du denti, Dentex dentex, en Corse (Méditerranée Nord Occidentale) __________________________________________________________ Directeurs : Mr Bernard MARCHAND, Pr, Université de Corse Mr Eric D.H. DURIEUX, Dr, Université de Corse Rapporteurs : Mr Bernat HEREU, Pr, Universitat de Barcelona Mr Philippe LENFANT, Pr, Université de Perpignan Jury Mr Bernat HEREU, Pr, Universitat de Barcelona Mr Pierre LEJEUNE, Dr, STARESO Mr Philippe LENFANT, Pr, Université de Perpignan Mr Jean-Noël LIVRELLI, Dr, Office de l'Environnement de la Corse Mr Antoine AIELLO, Pr, Université de Corse Mr Eric D.H. DURIEUX, Dr, Université de Corse Mr Bernard MARCHAND, Pr, Université de Corse Mme Vanina PASQUALINI, Pr, Université de Corse Remerciements Tout d’abord, je tiens à remercier mes directeurs de thèse : - Eric Durieux, pour la qualité de son encadrement, sa disponibilité et sa rigueur scientifique. Il a su me donner un cadre de travail solide tout en me laissant la liberté d’entreprendre dans mes recherches. J’ai beaucoup appris à ses cotés. - Bernard Marchand, pour ses conseils avisés en parasitologie, et de m’avoir fait partager son expérience pédagogique qui m’a servie pour mes enseignements à l’Université. Je tiens à remercier les membres du jury qui ont accepté d’évaluer mon travail et qui me font l’honneur de participer. Je remercie toutes les personnes avec qui j’ai collaboré dans le cadre de cette thèse. La STARESO, le directeur Pierre Lejeune, Antony Pere, Corine Pelaprat, Adèle Astrou, Michela Patrissi. J’avais effectué mon stage de Licence 3 Biologie au sein de votre structure et c’est l’une des premières expériences qui m’a donné l’envie de poursuivre en thèse. Merci pour cette collaboration sur le denti et les nombreuses discussions que l’on a pu avoir sur les ressources halieutiques et la pêche en Corse. Antho je garde précieusement les otolithes de légine australe que tu m’as ramené au cours de tes expéditions en Antarctique. La Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio, Jean-Michel Culioli et Marie-Catherine Santoni. Merci pour cette collaboration qui a été très enrichissante, d’avoir partagé vos avis et votre expérience acquise au fil des années sur la pêche artisanale et récréative. Ca été un plaisir de travailler avec vous, j’ai particulièrement apprécié les discussions sur le denti avec la belle vue sur la Rondinara autour des « migliaccioli » à la bonifacienne de Jean-Michel ! Patrick Berrebi, Alexiane Viret (Université de Montpellier) et Matthias Vignon (Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) pour cette collaboration et les nombreux echanges à propos de la génétique des populations et l’analyse de la forme des otolithes. Marie Baudouin stagiaire de Master 2 qui a contribué efficacement à cette thèse sur les aspects de sclérochronologie et d’analyse de forme des otolithes. Le Comité Régional des Pêches Maritimes et Elevages Marins de Corse (CRPMEM), son président Gérard Romiti et sa directrice Jessica Dijoux. Merci pour l’aide qu’ils ont pu m’apporter et de m’avoir mis en relation avec les pêcheurs de l’ile. Les pêcheurs professionnels de Corse d’avoir répondu à mes questions sur le denti, et les pêcheurs de la prud’homie de Bastia/Cap Corse de m’avoir laissé embarquer avec eux sur leurs navires. Un merci particulier à Michel Serreri, Maxime Bianchini, Don Jacques Pompa et à Sebastien Rialland pour avoir contacté toutes les poissonneries/pêcheurs/mareyeurs de Corse pour me trouver des dentis. Bernard Quilici de l’association de pêche récréative du Cap Corse « Mariadillorma », Gilles du restaurant « Chez Pech » à Ajaccio, le restaurant « Le maquis » à Porticcio, de m’avoir laissé récupérer gracieusement les otolithes et viscères de leurs dentis ! L’association « U marinu » son président Jean-Valère Geronimi, Céline Labbé, Anne Malaspina. Pour les bons moments partagés au cours d’actions de sensibilisation et ce voyage en commun pour la « Festa del mare » en Sardaigne. Les membres de mon comité de thèse d’avoir donné leurs avis d’experts sur le projet de thèse (ceux que je n’ai pas encore remercié : Henri Farrugio, Patrice Francour et Dominique Ponton). Ch'ellu sia ringraziatu, qui, u direttori di STELLA MARE Antoine Aiello pà u so accolta, m’hà datu i mezi di travaddà. E dinò u so aiutu cù i so amichi pà a pesca di i denti in San Fiurenzu. Sylvia Agostini, responsable scientifique de STELLA MARE, de m’avoir impliqué sur le programme MARTE +. Cette expérience a été formatrice, j’ai pu travailler en « immersion » avec les pêcheurs professionnels et récréatifs à travers les enquêtes et embarquements autour de la Corse. Paul-Antoine Bisgambiglia, directeur de l’UMR SPE pour aide et son soutien. Sonia Ternengo, responsable pédagogique de la licence Science de la vie à l’Université de Corse, de m’avoir fait confiance pour donner des cours au sein de la licence. Mais aussi de m’avoir initié à la dissection des poissons et à identifier les parasites. Merci à toute l’équipe de STELLA MARE pour cette bonne ambiance de travail, chacun à sa manière a contribué à cette thèse : Alexandre, Amélie, Anthony, Fabien, Fréderic, Géry, Jean-José, Jean-Sé, Jeremy, Jean-Laurent, Julien Miralles, Julien Mosconi, Julien Vignier, Laure-Hélène, Loriane, Marie, Marie-France, Marion, Nico, Olivia, Pierre-Mattieu, Romain, Sébastien, Sophie, Tony. Mes amis de « toujours » Alexandre, Dumè, Esteban, Jean-Damien, Jean-Francois, Jean-Mi, Loic, Matthieu, Pedro. Sabrina, tu m’accompagnes depuis toutes ces années, merci pour tout, simplement... Mes parents, ma sœur et ma famille. Vous m’avez toujours soutenu et encouragé à suivre ma voie. Je vous en suis reconnaissant, vous me donner la force au quotidien de poursuivre mes rêves. Sommaire Chapitre I ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Générale ............................................................................................................................. 1 I.1 Le contexte historique de la pêche ................................................................................................ 2 I.2 La situation actuelle des ressources halieutiques au niveau mondial ........................................... 3 I.3 La mer Méditerranée : une biodiversité en danger ....................................................................... 4 I.4 La gestion des pêches ..................................................................................................................... 5 I.5 Présentation de l’espèce ................................................................................................................ 6 I.6 La Corse: Une montagne dans la mer ............................................................................................ 7 I.7 Contexte de l’étude ........................................................................................................................ 8 I.8 Objectifs de la thèse ....................................................................................................................... 9 Chapitre II .............................................................................................................................................. 10 A review of biology, fisheries and population structure of Dentex dentex (Sparidae) ......................... 10 II.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 11 II.2 General description ..................................................................................................................... 12 II.3 Distribution and habitat .............................................................................................................. 13 II.4 Feeding and behavioural ecology ................................................................................................ 14 II.5 Reproduction ............................................................................................................................... 15 II.6 Age, growth and condition
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