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Balancing Mining Development and Forest Conservation in the Congo

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Balancing Mining Development and Forest Conservation in the Congo Report No: ACS18913 . Republic of Congo Balancing Mining Development and Forest Conservation in the Congo Basin Strengthening Land Use Planning in the Republic of Congo: Assessment, Proposed Roadmap, and Draft Implementation Plan 28 June 2016 GEN07 AFRICA Standard Disclaimer: . This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. This work was produced in support of the Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de la Délégation Générale aux Grands Travaux (MAT-DGGT) for the Republic Congo. This work was led by Tim Brown of the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice and Kirsten Hund of the Energy and Extractives Global Practices of the World Bank, with the invaluable support of Erik Reed of the ENR GP. The team benefited from the leadership, management and continuing support of Benoit Bosquet and Christopher Sheldon, managers of the Environment and Natural Resources and Energy and Extractives Global Practices, respectively. Djibrilla Issa Country Manager for World Bank country office in Brazzaville and Laurent Debroux the Sustainable Development Practice Leader also provided guidance and oversight. Norbert Henninger of the World Resources Institute was the project leader and a major contributor to the road map process and the report. The World Bank and the technical team would like to acknowledge the support and collaboration of colleagues in the Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de la Délégation Générale aux Grands Travaux, especially Honorable Minister Jean Jacques Bouya and the Director General for Land Use Antoine Goma. The World Bank would like to thank the World Resources Institute for their ongoing collaboration and technical expertise brought to this task, particularly Matthew Steil, Norbert Henninger, Marc Parren, Adonis Milol, Lauren Goers Williams, Regis Ismael, Bob Dombolo, Joseph Mangouende, Djoan Bonfils, Thomas Maschler, Pascal Douard, Bertrand Tessa, Benjamin Kessler and Felix Lilakokok; also Janet Nackoney from the University of Maryland Timothée Fomété from Rainbow Environment Consult contributed to analyses. Finally the team would like to acknowledge colleagues at the World Bank for their contributions throughout the process including Julian Lee, Aurelie Rossignol, Nicolas Maistre, Nagaraja Harshadeep, Virginie Vaselopulos, Jayne Kwengere and Karine Noelle Mouketo-Mikolo. USAID, through its Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE), provided technical and policy analysis support via implementing partners WRI, WCS and USFS. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Motivation and Objectives 1.3 Approach used and partnerships developed 1.4 Engagement process and outputs 1.5 Insights from the engagement process 1.6 Objectives and Structure of the Report CHAPTER 2 RATIONALE FOR IMPROVED LAND USE PLANNING 2.1 Strategic relevance and advantages of engaging in integrated spatial planning 2.2 The benefits of spatial analysis of land use patterns: national and regional examples 2.3 Current land allocation practices 2.4 The new orientation law on land use planning 2.5 Opportunities and challenges of the new spatial land use planning framework CHAPTER 3 ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-SECTORAL AND SECTORAL PLANNING 3.1 Multi-sector planning 3.2 Forest sector 3.3 Agriculture sector 3.4 Mining sector CHAPTER 4 PROPOSED ROADMAP AND DRAFT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 4.1 Proposed roadmap to strengthen land use planning 4.2 Draft implementation plan REFERENCES i BOXES Box 1 Activities and outputs Box 2 A Media coverage helps shine light on land use planning Box 3 The Tri-National Dja-Odzala-Minkebe (TRIDOM) interzone: an opportunity for regional land use planning Box 4 Direct, indirect, induced, and cumulative impacts of mining Box 5 Sketch of a roadmap: June 2015 TABLES Table ES1 Suggestions to strengthen sector planning Table 1 Baseline layers from the Congo Forest Atlas used in planning and land allocation Table 2 Strengthen forest sector planning in support of multi-sector land use planning: outputs and work plan Table 3 Strengthen agriculture sector planning in support of multi-sector land use planning: outputs and work plan Table 4 Strengthen mining sector planning in support of multi-sector land use planning: outputs and work plan Table 5 Strengthen biodiversity conservation, tourism, and infrastructure planning: outputs and work plan Table 6 Strengthen multi-sector land use planning: outputs and work plan FIGURES Figure ES1 Roadmap with framework for strengthening sectoral and multi-sectoral planning Figure ES2 Strengthening multi-sector planning: activities proceeding toward an improved SNAT Figure ES3 Strengthening sector planning: sequencing of major activities and outputs Figure A Adjusted Net Savings in select African countries, 2012 Figure 1 Forest cover, 2012 Figure 2 Protected areas, 2013 Figure 3 Forest concessions, 2013 Figure 4 Mining permits, 2013 Figure 5 Proposed agricultural expansion, 2014 Figure 6 Sectoral demand for land in the forest zone, 2013 Figure 7 Envisioned mining sites for iron ore and other metals and anticipated infrastructure in the TRIDOM interzone, 2014 Figure 8 Potential conflicts between transport routes and possible biodiversity conservation areas in the TRIDOM interzone Figure 9 A new reservoir in close proximity to existing and proposed protected areas in the TRIDOM interzone Figure 10 Future electric power lines traversing possible conservation corridors and protected areas in the TRIDOM interzone Figure 11 Current land allocation practices and link to spatial prioritization in existing plans Figure 12 Schéma National d’Aménagement du Territoire (SNAT) et les stratégies de développement économique et les plans d’aménagement Figure 13 Planning and guidance for major resource sectors (parties du territoire) Figure 14 The sectoral plans providing public services Figure 15 Subnational planning including departmental planning and town planning Figure 16 Spatial planning framework under the new land use planning ii Figure 17 Management zones in the SNAT 2005 Figure 18 Planning within land use management zones: options for agriculture, forestry and mining Figure 19 Existing long-term plans with spatial prioritization in the forest sector Figure 20 Forest concessions and status of management plans, 2011 Figure 21 National Development Plan 2012-2016 and spatial prioritization in the forest sector Figure 22 Forests and other natural areas: availability of spatial data and maps Figure 23 Existing long-term plans with spatial prioritization in the agriculture sector Figure 24 National Development Plan 2012-2016 and spatial prioritization for agriculture Figure 25 Agriculture: availability of spatial data and maps Figure 26 Existing long-term plans with spatial prioritization for the mining sector Figure 27 National Development Plan 2012-2016 and spatial prioritization Figure 28 Mining: availability of spatial data and maps Figure 29 Roadmap with proposed intervention areas to strengthen planning components at sectoral and multi-sectoral level Figure 30 Strengthen forest sector planning: sequencing of major packages of activities and outputs Figure 31 Strengthen agriculture sector planning: sequencing of major packages of activities and outputs Figure 32 Strengthen mining sector planning: sequencing of major packages of activities and outputs Figure 33 Strengthen biodiversity conservation, tourism, and infrastructure planning: sequencing of major packages of activities and outputs Figure 34 Strengthen multi-sector land use planning: sequencing of major packages of activities and outputs Figure 35 Proposed implementation plan of roadmap: major packages of activities and outputs iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE Economic growth provides countries with important development benefits, including reduced poverty and improved livelihoods. But some economic activity – particularly development and exploitation of natural resources can also bring adverse impacts if the trade-offs are not adequately considered and balanced against the environmental and social costs. In the Congo Basin, home to the world’s
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