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Essential Oil of Two Iranian Horehound Species: Marrubium

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Essential Oil of Two Iranian Horehound Species: Marrubium Pharmaceutical Sciences June 2017, 23, 143-149 doi: 10.15171/PS.2017.21 http://journals.tbzmed.ac.ir/PHARM Research Article Essential Oil of Two Iranian Horehound Species: Marrubium propinquum and Marrubium parviflorum Sanaz Hamedeyazdan1,2, Masoomeh Zarei3, Aida Salem3, Solmaz Asnaashari4, Fatemeh Fathiazad1* 1Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 3Student’s Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 4Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. A r t i c l e I n f o A B S T R A C T Article History: Background: Two species of genus Marrubium belonging to the family Received: 7 November 2016 Lamiaceae, were studied for their volatile components. Accepted: 8 December 2016 ePublished: 30 June 2017 Methods: The essential oils were extracted from aerial parts of the plants through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Later, CG and CG-MS Keywords: analysis were applied to assess the chemical components of the essential oils. -β-caryophyllene Results: Analysis of the M. propinquum essential oil resulted in the -Germacrene D -Marrubium parviflorum identification of 22 components, representing 79.6% of the total essential oil -Marrubium propinquum that principally contained oleic acid (19%), β-caryophyllene (7.4%) and m- -Oleic acid tolualdehyde (5.2%). In the case of M. parviflorum, 20 components were -α-pinene identified, representing 83% of the M. parviflorum essential oil, among them oleic acid (11.8%), α-pinene (10.2%) and germacrene D (9.8%) were the main compounds. Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study in both essential oils after the non terpenoids, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons possessed the uppermost portion of the oils. We found some similarities and differences between M. propinquum and M. parviflorum essential oils and also in comparison with other species of genus Marrubium which might be due to different parameters such as agrotechnical factors. Introduction of appetite, cough, wound healing and as a Herbal medicines have been limelight in the field choleretic in digestive and biliary complaints.7 of drug therapy due to their fundamental beneficial Phytochemical analyses of Marrubium spp. applications in humans’ health care. One of the demonstrated that they are rich in diterpenes,8-15 effective metabolites of herbal medicines has been polyphenols, flavonoids,16 steroids, saponines, known as essential oils. Various parts of plants phenylpropanoid esters and glycosides.1,16-22 could contain essential oils, accordingly they might According to previous studies, different species of have been used in medicine, pharmacy and food genus Marrubium possess various therapeutic effects industry.1 In this regard we aimed to study essential such as a hypoglycemic effect,23 antihypertensive,24 oils of two species of genus Marrubium from the antispasmodic,25 antiproliferative,26-30 antioxidant, 31-32 family Lamiaceae. hepatoprotective,33 gastroprotective,34 antibacterial,35- Lamiaceae with about 220 genera and nearly 4000 38 vasorelaxant,13 hypolipidemic39 and species mainly contains flowering plants that are antioedematogenic.40 frequently aromatic in all parts.2,3 Genus Several studies on essential oil composition of Marrubium from the family lamiaceae included 49 Marrubium species are found in literature.41-57 accepted species worldwide.4 In Iran, Marrubium Evaluating the naturally occurring volatile (horehound) is represented with 10 species, constituents in the essential oil of a plant would be including Marrubium propinquum Fisch. & of value in characterizing species within a genus. C.A.Mey and Marrubium parviflorum Fisch. & According to the valuable results from previous C.A.Mey.5,6 Since ancient times, M. vulgare (white studies on Marrubium species, M. propinquum and horehound) has been accepted for remedy of M. parviflorum were selected for assessing several disorders such as dyspeptic complaints, loss chemical components in their essential oils. *Corresponding Author: Fatemeh Fathiazad, E-mail: [email protected] ©2017 The Authors. This is an open access article and applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. Hamedeyazdan et al. Materials and Methods FID detector condition was set on a duplicate of the Plant Material same column applying the same operational Aerial parts of Maruubium propinquum were conditions. collected from Lighvan in East Azarbaijan province, Iran, during July 2014 at the flowering Results stage and authenticated by Amir-Hossein All the identified components in both essential oils Talebpour from East Azerbaijan Education and are shown in Table 1, based on the order of their Research Center for Agriculture and Natural elution on DB1-MS column; retention indices and Resources. Likewise, aerial parts of M. parviflorum percentages. The GC–MS analysis of the essential were collected around Misho-Dagh mountainous oil from M. propinquum resulted in the near Marand in East Azarbaijan province, Iran, identification of 22 components, representing during July 2015 and authenticated by Atefeh 79.6% of the total essential oil. As shown in Figure Ebrahimi from Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz 1, the components of M. propinquum essential oil University of Medical Sciences. The voucher were classified to non-terpenoids (38.8%), specimens were kept at the Herbarium of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (20.9%), oxygenated Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical sesquiterpenes (7.3%) monoterpene hydrocarbons science, Iran. (3.4 %), and oxygenated monoterpenes (2.9%). Among the non-terpenoid compounds, m- Essential oil Extraction tolualdehyde, p-tolualdehyde, and oleic acid were Air-dried plant materials of the M. propinquum and the dominant constituents with 5.2%, 2.9% and M. parviflorum were submitted to hydrodistillation 19%, correspondingly. The major sesquiterpenes of using a Clevenger type apparatus to extract the M. propinquum essential oil were identified as β- essential oils for about 2 hrs. As the essential oils caryophyllene (7.4%), bicyclogermacrene (4.6%), content was low in amount, xylene was used as an germacrene D (4.1%) and β-farnesene (3.7%). absorbing medium. The resultant essential oils Besides, limonene and α-pinene were considered as were kept in dark glass bottles at 4°C until analysis the most frequent monoterpenes of the M. by GC/MS. propinquum essential oil with the relative percentages of 1.9% and 1.4%, respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- Considering the oxygenated monoterpenes and MS) oxygenated sesquiterpenes, anethole (2.9%) and The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS using a caryophyllene oxide (5.4%) were the most Shimadzu GC-MS-QP 5050A gas chromatograph dominant components of the groupings. To sum up, fitted with a DB1 (methyl phenyl syloxane, 60 m x essential oil of M. propinquum principally 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness) capillary contained oleic acid (19%), β-caryophyllene column. The GC was set at the following (7.4%), m-tolualdehyde (5.2%) bicyclogermacrene conditions with helium as the carrier gas; flow rate (4.6%), and germacrene D (4.1%). In the case of of 1.3 mL/min; linear velocity: 29.6 cm/s; Split M. parviflorum essential oil, 20 components were ratio, 1:24; column temperature, 2 min in 50°C, 50- identified, representing 83% of the total essential 270 °C at 3 °C/min; injector temperature, 250 °C, oil that are classified to non-terpenoids (28.2%), and 1 μL of volume injection of the essential oil. sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (24.9%), monoterpene The MS operating parameters were as follows: hydrocarbons (13.9%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes ionization potential, 70 eV; ion source temperature; (8.4%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (2.0%). The 270 °C; quadrupole 100 °C, Solvent delay 2 min, most abundant sesquiterpenes were shown to be scan speed 2000 amu/s and scan range 30-600 amu, germacrene D (9.8%), β-caryophyllene (5.3%), β- EV voltage 3000 volts. farnesene (3%), and bicyclogermacrene (5.8%). Moreover, results showed that oleic acid (11.8%) (a Identification of the compounds monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid) was the Retention indices for all compounds were foremost constituent. Additionally, monoterpenes determined according to the kovats retention of M. parviflorum essential oil were rich in α- indices using n-alkanes series as standards. The pinene, and limonene with the relative percentages components of the essential oils were identified by of 10.2%, and 2.2%. In view of the oxygenated comparison of the retention indices and mass monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, spectral data with those for the standards and by verbenol (1.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%) computer matching with the Wiley 229, Nist 107, were the leading components of the groupings. Nist 21 Library, as well as by comparing the Taken as a whole, the major constituents of the M. fragmentation patterns of the mass spectra with parviflorum essential oil were detected to be oleic those reported in the literature. For quantification acid (11.8%), followed by α-pinene (10.2%), purpose, relative area percentages were obtained by germacrene D (9.8%), bicyclogermacrene(5.8%) FID without the use of correction factors, where
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